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Geochemical Baseline Data for the Urban Area of Cardiff

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Geochemical Baseline Data for the Urban Area of Cardiff Geochemical baseline data for the urban area of Cardiff Urban Geoscience & Geological Hazards Programme Internal Report IR/01/102 (mg/kg) (mg/kg) BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INTERNAL REPORT IR/01/102 Geochemical baseline data for the urban area of Cardiff S E Brown Contributor N Breward Editor: F M Fordyce The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Ordnance Survey licence number GD 100017897/2004 Key words G-BASE, soil, geochemistry, urban. Front cover Copper in Cardiff surface soils. Bibliographical reference BROWN,S.E, 2004. Geochemical baseline data for the urban area of Cardiff. British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/01/102 66pp © NERC 2004 Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2004 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG Sales Desks at Nottingham and Edinburgh; see contact details 0115-936 3241 Fax 0115-936 3488 below or shop online at www.bgs.ac.uk e-mail: [email protected] The London Information Office maintains a reference collection www.bgs.ac.uk of BGS publications including maps for consultation. Shop online at: www.thebgs.co.uk The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS Sales Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA Desks. 0131-667 1000 Fax 0131-668 2683 The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of e-mail: [email protected] Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the London Information Office at the Natural History Museum surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London projects. It also undertakes programmes of British technical aid in SW7 2DE geology in developing countries as arranged by the Department for International Development and other agencies. 020-7589 4090 Fax 020-7584 8270 020-7942 5344/45 email: [email protected] The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. Forde House, Park Five Business Centre, Harrier Way, Sowton, Exeter, Devon EX2 7HU 01392-445271 Fax 01392-445371 Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Colby House, Stanmillis Court, Belfast BT9 5BF 028-9038 8462 Fax 028-9038 8461 Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB 01491-838800 Fax 01491-692345 Parent Body Natural Environment Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 1EU 01793-411500 Fax 01793-411501 www.nerc.ac.uk The soil geochemical data presented in this report (and other urban reports from this series) are from individual sites, which were sampled as part of a baseline geochemical survey. The results should only be used to set a regional context, not as the basis for interpretations concerning specific sites. Interpretations relating to specific sites should be based on follow-up investigations. The data in this report, in addition to all geochemical data held by BGS, are available under licence. Their use is subject to the terms of a licensing agreement. Foreword This report is a product of the British Geological Survey’s (BGS) Geochemical Surveys of Urban Environments (GSUE) project. The work is funded by the UK Government Office of Science and Technology and is part of the national Geochemical Baseline Survey of the Environment (G-BASE) programme. The report forms part of a publication series, which aims to make GSUE urban soil chemistry data publicly available with a minimum of interpretation, displaying the data as a series of graduated symbol maps. A number of urban centres have been surveyed to date using systematic soil sampling procedures. These are indicated in the figure below. Wolverhampton, Manchester and Glasgow were sampled as part of larger multi-disciplinary projects. Based on 4 Urban Soil samples per Geochemistry 6 km2, total 22 Cities concentrations Sampled of up to 40 to Date elements 1 Cardiff 2 Corby 3 Coventry 4 Derby 5 Doncaster 20 6Glasgow 7 7Hull 5 14 21 8 Leicester 15 9 Lincoln 10 9 10 Mansfield 17 4 12 11 Northampton 18 8 19 13 12 Nottingham 2 13 Peterborough 3 11 14 Scunthorpe 22 15 Sheffield 16 Swansea 16 17 Stoke-on-Trent 1 18 Telford 19 Wolverhampton 20 York 21 Manchester 22 Ipswich Urban centres sampled to date by the GSUE project i Contents Foreword.........................................................................................................................................i Contents..........................................................................................................................................ii Summary.......................................................................................................................................iv 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................ 5 2 Study Area .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Historical land use.......................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Area sampled .................................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Solid and Superficial geology......................................................................................... 6 2.4 Soil Type......................................................................................................................... 7 3 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Soil sampling ................................................................................................................ 12 3.2 Sample preparation....................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Error control procedures............................................................................................... 12 3.4 Analytical procedures................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Data interpretation........................................................................................................ 15 4 Geochemical Interpretation ................................................................................................ 16 4.1 Background levels........................................................................................................ 16 4.2 Chemical variation with depth...................................................................................... 17 4.3 Geochemical Distributions in Cardiff soils .................................................................. 17 4.4 Soil geochemistry of Cardiff in relation to other Welsh Atlas Urban areas................. 19 References .................................................................................................................................... 20 Appendix A: Examples of urban surface and profile field cards from Cardiff. ................... 22 Appendix B: Percentile calculations for Cardiff soils.............................................................. 24 Appendix C: Graduated symbol geochemical maps for Cardiff surface and profile soils... 26 ii FIGURES Figure 1 Location map for Cardiff ..................................................................................................5 Figure 2 Map of the-survey area ....................................................................................................8 Figure 3 Topographic map of Cardiff (1:50K Ordnance Survey)..................................................9 Figure 4 Solid geology map of Cardiff (1:50K British Geological Survey).................................10 Figure 5 Superficial Deposit map of Cardiff (1:50K British Geological Survey) ........................11 Figure 6 Comparisons of median surface soil As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations between - cities within the Welsh atlas area ...........................................................................................19 TABLES Table 1 ANOVA percentage of variance in surface and profile soils from 11 urban centres attributable to between-site, between-sample and residual variance......................................14 Table 2 Lower (LLD) and upper reporting limits (URL) values for XRFS of G-SUE urban soil samples ...................................................................................................................................15 Table 3 Median concentrations in <150mm stream sediment samples.........................................16 Table 4 Median concentrations of soils from Cardiff (surface and profile)..................................16 iii Summary This report presents the results of an urban soil geochemical survey of Cardiff carried out by the British Geological Survey (BGS) during 1994. The study was undertaken as part of the BGS systematic Geochemical Surveys of Urban Environments (GSUE) project. The concentrations of many potentially harmful elements (PHE) such as As, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb are enhanced in city environments as a result of urbanisation and industrial processes and their distribution is of concern under current UK environmental legislation. The GSUE
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