The reference book provides essential annual statistics on economic, social and cultural life of contemporary mainly for 2005–2007.

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA

ISSN 1736-2237 ISBN 978-9985-74-431-4 CONTENTS

State 3 Defence forces 4 Flag Days and Holidays 4 Geographical data 5 Environment 6 Population 8 Education, culture 13 Health, social protection 14 Justice 15 Household budget 16 Social exclusion 17 Wages and salaries and labour costs 18 Labour market 21 National accounts 25 Finance 27 Prices 30 Agriculture 31 Industry, energy 32 Construction 34 Transport, communications 35 Accommodation 37 Foreign trade, internal trade 38 Estonia abroad 41 Contacts 43

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 Statistics Estonia has completed the publication in co-operation with the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs

Explanation of symbols

- Magnitude nil ... Data not available .. Category not applicable 0 Magnitude less than half 0.0 of the unit employed EUR euro USD US dollar

ISSN 1736-2237 ISBN 978-9985-74-431-4

Copyright: Statistics Estonia, 2008 Photo: Focus When using or quoting the data included in this issue, please indicate the source

2 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 STATE

State Type: parliamentary democracy. Head of the State: the President, elected by the Parliament or an Electoral Body. Term: 5 years. The current President: Mr Toomas Hendrik Ilves, elected by the Electoral Body on 23 September 2006. Next elections: September 2011. National legislature: the . A unicameral Parliament of 101 members. Term: 4 years. The last elections for the eleventh Riigikogu were held on 4 March 2007. Head of the Government: Prime Minister, currently Mr (the Reform Party). Highest judicial power: Supreme Court. Administrative division: 15 counties, 194 rural municipalities and 33 cities (excl. 14 cities without municipal status). Electoral systems: proportional representation. There is universal suff rage for Estonian citizens over 18 years of age. Municipal elections: Term: 4 years. All permanent residents over 18 years old, regardless of citizenship are eligible to vote in municipal elections. The last elections for local authorities were held on 16 October 2005.

Political parties represented in the Riigikogu Parties — members in the Riigikogu Estonian Reform Party 31 Estonian Social Democratic Party 10 Estonian Centre Party 29 Estonian Greens 6 Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 19 Estonian People’s Union 6

The Government The Reform Party (R) has 6, Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (PPRP) has 5 and the Social Democratic Party (SD) has 3 ministers in the Government. Prime Minister Mr Andrus Ansip R Minister of Economic Aff airs Mr PPRP and Communications Minister of Foreign Aff airs Mr Urmas Paet R Minister of Defence Mr Jaak Aaviksoo PPRP Minister of Justice Mr Rein Lang R Minister of Internal Aff airs Mr Jüri Pihl SD Minister of Finance Mr Ivari Padar SD Minister of the Environment Mr Jaanus Tamkivi R Minister of Agriculture Mr Helir-Valdor Seeder PPRP Minister of Social Aff airs Ms Maret Maripuu R Minister of Education and Research Mr Tõnis Lukas PPRP Minister of Culture Ms Laine Jänes R Minister of Regional Aff airs Mr Siim-Valmar Kiisler PPRP Minister of Population and Ethnic Aff airs Ms Urve Palo SD

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 3 DEFENCE FORCES, FLAG DAYS AND HOLIDAYS

Estonian Defence Forces

Commander of the Defence Forces Lieutenant General Ants Laaneots Chief of the General Staff of the Defence Forces Colonel Neeme Väli Conscription: eight or eleven months for male citizens at the age of 18–27. The 8-month conscription is prevalent in most cases; 11-month conscription is for junior non commissioned offi cers and reserve offi cer candidate trainees as well as for conscripts who serve on Navy ships or get training in signals or IT. The EDF consist of the Regular Armed Forces (approximately 5,200 persons, including conscripts ca 2,500 persons), which are divided into three branches: Army, Air Force and Navy. About 10,000 members of the volunteer defence organisation, the Defence League (Kaitseliit) and its special organisations are part of the Estonian Defence Forces.

Offi cial Flag Days and Public Holidays

1 January New Year’s Day 6 January Epiphany 2 February Anniversary of the Tartu Peace Treaty (1920) 24 February Independence Day (1918) F 14 March Native Language Day 21 March Good Friday 23 March Easter Sunday 1 May Spring Day 9 May Europe Day 11 May Mother’s Day 11 May Pentecost 4 June National Flag Day 14 June Day of Mourning and Commemoration (1941) 23 June Victory Day (Võidupüha) (1919) F 24 June St John’s Day or Midsummer Day (Jaanipäev) 20 August Day of Restoration of Independence (1991) F 2 November All Souls’ Day 9 November Father’s Day 16 November Day of Declaration of Sovereignty (1988) 24 December Christmas Eve 25 December Christmas Day 26 December Boxing Day

Public Holidays = Bold type National Holidays = Italics Offi cial fl ag days = F — days when fl ags must be hoisted on all buildings. Some dates of the holidays are impermanent, mostly religious holidays.

4 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA

Geographical dataa Total area, sq km 45 227 Inland waters, sq km 2 833 Land area, sq km 42 394 Number of islands 1 521 Largest islands, sq km Saaremaa 2 671 Hiiumaa 989 Muhu 198 Longest rivers, km Võhandu 162 Pärnu 144 Põltsamaa 135 Largest lakes, sq km Peipus total area 3 555 area in Estonia 1 529 Võrtsjärv 271 Narva reservoir total area 191 area in Estonia 38 Highest point, m Suur Munamägi 318 a Source: Estonian Land Board.

Mean daily temperature, 2008, ºC

January July Annual -0.9 16.9 6.9 Narva-Jõesuu -1.6 17.3 6.6 Viljandi -1.6 16.7 6.8 Pärnu -0.9 17.0 7.0 Average -1.5 17.0 6.8

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 5 ENVIRONMENT

Factors infl uencing environment

2005 2006 Waste generation, 1000 tons 18 496 20 012 Air pollution from stationary sources, 1000 tons 141 125 sulphur dioxide 74 68 carbon monoxide 25 21 nitrogen oxides 14 13 volatile organic compounds 9 9 solid particles 18 12 Water extraction, million cubic metres 1 584 1 565 surface water 1 298 1 324 ground water 274 237 sea water 6 4 Water discharge, million cubic metres 1 620 1 577 does not need purifi cation 1 294 1 312 purifi ed 324 263 insuffi ciently purifi ed 5 … non-purifi ed 2 1 Organic substances BOD — biological oxygen demand, tonsa 1 399 1 366

a BOD 7 — quantity of oxygen consumed during 7 days in biological decomposition of organic substances.

Protection of environment

2005 2006 Expenditures of enterprises, million euros 127 228 investments 48 108 Expenditures of local governments, million euros 27 22 investments 14 12

6 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 ENVIRONMENT

Forest resources and reforestation

2005 2006 Forest and other wooded land, 1000 hectares 2 264.2 2 251.9 stands 2 121.7 2 113.3 Reserve of stands, 1000 cubic metres 451 640 450 341 Reserve of stands, cubic metres per hectare 213.0 213.0 Yearly increase of stands, 1000 cubic metres 11 747 11 629 Percentage of territory covered by forest 48.6 48.4 Reforestation, 1000 hectares 8.1 7.8 sowing and planting 7.3 6.6

Air pollution from stationary sources by counties, 2006 thousand tons

0.1– 2.6 4.3– 5.0 8.8 50 km 94.0

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 7 POPULATION

Population by sex, 1 January, thousands

1995 2005 2006 2007 Males 671.3 620.6 619.3 618.2 Females 776.8 726.9 725.4 724.2 Total 1 448.1 1 347.5 1 344.7 1 342.4

Population age structure, 1 January, %

1995 2005a 2006 2007 0–14 20.9 15.4 15.1 14.9 15–64 65.8 68.0 68.2 68.0 65+ 13.3 16.5 16.7 17.1

Population in larger cities, 1 January, thousands

1995 2005 2006 2007 Tallinn — capital city 429.6 396.0 396.2 396.9 Tartu 104.9 101.5 101.7 102.0 Narva ... 67.1 66.9 66.7 Kohtla-Järve ... 46.0 45.7 45.4 Pärnu ... 44.4 44.2 44.1 Viljandi ... 20.4 20.3 20.2

a Due to rounding, the total does not always equal 100%.

8 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 POPULATION

Population by sex and age, 1 January 2007

Males Females 100

95

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0 12 10 8 6 4 20 024681012 Thousands Thousands

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 9 POPULATION

Vital events

1995 2006 total per 1000 total per 1000 population population Live births 13 509 9.4 14 877 11.1 Deaths 20 828 14.5 17 316 12.9 Natural increase -7 319 -5.1 -2 439 -1.8 Marriages 7 006 4.9 6 954 5.2 Divorces 7 456 5.2 3 811 2.8 per 1000 marriages 1 064 … 548 …

Live births and deaths

Number 20 000 Deaths 15 000 Live births

10 000

5 000

0 Natural increase -5 000

-10 000 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

10 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 POPULATION

Live births by sex, stillbirths and deaths of infants under 1 year old

1995 2005 2006 Live births, total 13 509 14 350 14 877 boys 6 942 7 486 7 756 girls 6 567 6 864 7 121 Stillbirths 101 88 56 Deaths of infants under 1 year old 201 78 66

Mean age at fi rst marriage and childbirth

1995 2005 2006 Mean age at fi rst marriage males 25.7 28.8 29.0 females 23.5 26.3 26.5 Mean age of mother 23.0 25.2 25.4 at birth of the fi rst child Mean age of mother at childbirth 25.5 28.2 28.4

Life expectancy at birth

Age 81

78 Females

75

72

69 Males 66

63

60

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 11 POPULATION

Deaths by cause, 2006

Males Females Total Heart and circulatory system diseases 4 107 5 080 9 187 Neoplasms 1 944 1 641 3 585 Injuries and poisonings 1 246 382 1 628 transport accidents 186 59 245 suicides 191 56 247 homicides 72 27 99 Respiratory system diseases 354 142 496 Total 8 853 8 463 17 316

Population by ethnic nationality by the 2000 Population Census

Other Ukrainians 4% 2%

Estonians 68% Russians 26%

12 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 EDUCATION, CULTURE

Pupils and students enrolled per 10 000 inhabitants

2005 2006 2007 General education 1 343 1 274 1 208 Vocational education 215 213 204 Higher education 507 512 509 Total 2 065 2 000 1 921

The press and cultural institutions

2005 2006 2007 Periodicals newspapers 138 143 148 daily newspapers 15 16 16 Books titles 4 060 4 040 4 310 copies, millions 6.0 7.3 8.9 Public libraries libraries 562 568 566 library units, thousands 11 305 11 322 11 360 registered users, thousands 439.3 411.3 381 Attendance per 1000 population theatres 611 687 747a museums 1 309 1 403 1 530a a Preliminary data.

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 13 HEALTH, SOCIAL PROTECTION

Health care

2005 2006 total per 10 000 total per 10 000 population population Hospital beds 7 374 54.8 7 588 56.5 Physicians a 4 294 31.9 4 393 32.7 Dentists a 1 202 8.9 1 196 8.9 Outpatient visits 8 408.5b 6.3c 8 496b 6.3c Hospital admissions 246 521 18.3d 252 930 18.8d a On December 31. b Thousands. c Per inhabitant. d Per 100 inhabitants.

Pensioners, 1 January

2006 2007 2008 Pensioners, total 380 423 380 378 381 683 old-age pensioners 292 970 293 572 293 317 persons receiving pension for full 2 848 2 917 2 839 length of service required persons receiving pension for 61 921 66 437 68 743 incapacity for worka persons receiving survivor’s pension 13 500 12 982 12 247 persons receiving national pension 9 184 7 751 7 414 The share of pensioners in the 27.9 28.3 28.5 population, % Average monthly pension, euros 148 175 204 a The fl uctuation in fi gures has been caused by the amendment of the act. When a person to whom a pension for incapacity for work is paid until attainment of the pension age attains such age, he/she will be transferred from pension for incapacity for work to old-age pension or national pension.

14 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 JUSTICE

Off ences recorded by the police

2006 2007 recorded cleared recorded cleared Intentional and attempted homicide 99 88 87 71 Murder and attempted murder 20 19 21 22 Causing serious health damage 110 86 129 104 Rape 100 76 92 69 Aggravated breach of public order 1 371 1 066 1 821 1 206 Off ences connected with drugs 933 844 1 354 1 131 Larceny 25 939 9 091 20 361 5 150 from dwellings 3 928 1 490 3 096 1 093 of vehicles 4 720 721 3 838 457 Robbery 926 439 837 420 Fraud 1 733 1 431 2 308 1 541 Unauthorised use of car 284 291 281 249 Counterfeiting and use of 475 143 474 129 counterfeit money Violation of traffi c requirements 4 355 3 905 4 980 4 382 Driving while intoxicated 4 111 3 766 4 772 4 249 Total 48 317 26 932 46 186 24 682

Off ences recorded by the police per 10 000 inhabitants by counties, 2007

100 – 199 200– 299 300– 399 50 km 447

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 15 HOUSEHOLD BUDGET

Income per household member in a month

2006 2007 euros % euros % Wages and salaries 183 66 229 68 Income from self-employment 13 5 15 4 Transfers 67 24 79 23 Other income 6251 Non-monetary income 8 3 10 3 Disposable income (net) 278 100 338 100

Composition of household expenditure, %

2006 2007 Consumption expenditure 98 97 food (incl. own-produced) 25 25 alcoholic beverages and tobacco products 33 clothing and footwear 77 housing 15 14 household equipment and operation 66 health care and services 44 transport 11 13 communications 65 recreation, leisure and entertainment 99 education 11 hotels, cafés and restaurants 33 miscellaneous goods and services 66 non-monetary consumption 22 Other expenditure 23 Total 100 100

16 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 SOCIAL EXCLUSION

Equalised yearly disposable income and at-risk-of poverty threshold of household members, euros

2004a 2005a Median equalised yearly disposable income 2 981 3 638 At-risk-of-poverty threshold 1 788 2 183 At-risk-of-poverty threshold for household of 3 755 4 584 2 adults and 2 children a The year shows the income year.

At-risk-of-poverty rate, %b 2004 2005 At-risk-of-poverty rate after social transfers 18.3 18.3 At-risk-of-poverty rate before social transfers, 39.0 38.0 including pensions At-risk-of-poverty rate before social transfers, 24.2 24.6 excluding pensions

At-risk-of-poverty rate by type of household, 2005b

Single person aged 65 and over One-person household Adult and child(ren) Single person aged under 65 Couple with three or more children Household without children Household with children Couple aged 64 and less without children Couple with one child Couple with two children Other household with children Couple without children, at least one partner is aged over 64 Other household without children %

0 1020304050 b The percentage indicates the share of persons with equalised disposable income lower than the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. The year shows the income year.

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 17 WAGES AND SALARIES AND LABOUR COSTS

Average monthly labour costs per employee, 2007a, euros

Economic activity, 1st 2nd 3rd 4th EMTAKb quarter quarter quarter quarter Agriculture and hunting 622 727 783 802 Forestry 897 999 818 1 013 Fishing 573 567 669 1 075 Mining and quarrying 916 1 180 1 076 1 270 Manufacturing 838 932 909 983 Electricity, gas and water supply 988 1 145 1 040 1 193 Construction 942 1 083 1 142 1 218 Wholesale and retail trade; repair 872 923 929 976 of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants 559 605 617 646 Transport, storage and 1 017 1 055 1 036 1 195 communication Financial intermediation 2 299 1 742 1 638 1 787 Real estate, renting and 977 1 037 1 032 1 121 business activities Public administration and defence; 1 071 1 293 1 134 1 444 compulsory social security Education 722 980 587 928 Health and social work 798 1 006 932 1 032 Other community, social and 761 844 776 891 personal service activities Total 886 991 937 1 056

a The survey “Wages and salaries” excluded vocational training costs paid by the employer, recruitment costs paid by the employer and expenditure on working clothes provided by employer. b EMTAK — Estonian Classifi cation of Economic Activities based on NACE, Rev.1.

18 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 WAGES AND SALARIES AND LABOUR COSTS

Average gross wages per month, 2007a, euros

Economic activity, 1st 2nd 3rd 4th EMTAKb quarter quarter quarter quarter Agriculture and hunting 465 545 587 601 Forestry 671 748 611 753 Fishing 429 424 493 805 Mining and quarrying 676 878 801 948 Manufacturing 625 693 677 730 Electricity, gas and water supply 723 841 762 871 Construction 703 810 854 909 Wholesale and retail trade; repair 646 689 690 727 of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods Hotels and restaurants 418 452 463 484 Transport, storage and 750 784 768 878 communication Financial intermediation 1 700 1 273 1 174 1 278 Real estate, renting and 732 776 769 836 business activities Public administration and defence; 799 959 841 1 068 compulsory social security Education 540 732 435 693 Health and social work 598 753 698 771 Other community, social and 566 630 579 663 personal service activities Total 660 738 697 784 a Enterprises, organisations and institutions survey (excl. farms and the self-employed). b EMTAK — Estonian Classifi cation of Economic Activities based on NACE, Rev.1. Average gross wages and salaries have been converted to full-time units that allow to compare diff erent average wages regardless of the length of working time.

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 19 WAGES AND SALARIES AND LABOUR COSTS

Relation between index of wages (salaries) and consumer price index, 2007

Relation 1.25

1.20

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.00

0.95

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Wages and old-age pension, euros

2005 2006 2007 Average gross wages 516 601 … Average old-age pension 163 194 226 Minimum wages 172 192 230

20 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 LABOUR MARKET

Population aged 15–74 by labour status, 2007, annual average

Males Females Total Labour force 348.9 338.5 687.4 employed, thousands 330.0 325.4 655.3 unemployed, thousands 18.9 13.1 32.0 Inactive, thousands 140.3 218.7 359.0 Total, thousands 489.1 557.2 1 046.4 Labour force participation rate, % 71.3 60.7 65.7 Employment rate, % 67.5 58.4 62.6 Unemployment rate, % 5.4 3.9 4.7

Employed persons by sex and sector of economy, annual average, thousands

2005 2006 2007 Males 300.5 322.9 330.0 primary sector 21.5 21.7 21.0 secondary sector 132.2 147.2 159.1 tertiary sector 146.8 154.0 149.8 Females 306.9 323.3 325.4 primary sector 10.7 10.4 9.9 secondary sector 74.3 69.6 71.6 tertiary sector 221.9 243.3 244.0 Total 607.4 646.3 655.3 primary sector 32.2 32.1 30.9 secondary sector 206.6 216.8 230.7 tertiary sector 368.7 397.3 393.8

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 21 G

TALLINN B a l t i c S e a Paldiski Keila Saue

H i i u m a a Rapla Kärdla Haapsalu

Lihula

Pärnu Sindi Kuressaare Kiling S a a r e m a a Nõmm Mõisak

G u l f o f R i g a

CountyMain road City National border Basic road City without mun

22 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 u l f o f F i n l a n d

Loksa Narva-Jõesuu Kunda Maardu Kohtla-Järve Sillamäe Kiviõli Rakvere Jõhvi Narva Püssi Kehra

Tapa

Tamsalu

a

L

Paide a

Mustvee k Türi e Jõgeva R U S S I A P Põltsamaa e Kallaste i Võhma p

u

Suure-Jaani s

Viljandi Võrtsjärv Tartu Elva i- Abja- me Paluoja Karksi- Räpina küla Nuia Otepää Põlva Tõrva

Võru Valga Antsla L A T V I A

icipal status

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 23 LABOUR MARKET

Unemployment rate by sex, annual average

% 16

14

12

10

8

6 Males 4 Females 2

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Unemployment rate by age group, annual average

% 24

21

18

15

12 15–24 9

6 25–49 3 50–74 0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

24 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

Gross domestic product at market prices

2005 2006a GDP at current prices, million euros 11 209.6 13 233.6 GDP at constant 2000 prices, million euros 9 076.3 10 091.7 GDP at current prices per capita, euros 8 327.5 9 851.3

GDP by expenditure approach at current prices, million euros

2006a % Private consumption expenditure 6 979.4 52.7 General government fi nal consumption 2 165.0 16.4 expenditure Final consumption expenditure of non-profi t 177.7 1.3 institutions serving households Gross fi xed capital formation 4 510.2 34.1 Change in inventories 548.8 4.1 DOMESTIC DEMAND 14 381.0 108.7 Exports of goods and services (f.o.b.) 10 508.3 79.4 exports of goods 7 680.0 58.0 exports of services 2 828.2 21.4 Imports of goods and services (f.o.b.) 12 004.5 90.7 imports of goods 10 027.1 75.8 imports of services 1 977.5 14.9 Statistical discrepancy 348.9 2.6 GDP AT MARKET PRICES 13 233.6 100.0 a Preliminary data.

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 25 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

Change of GDP at constant prices over previous year

% 12

11.2 10 10.2 8 8.3 7.2 6 7.1

4

2

0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Value added by economic activity at current prices, 2006a

Industry Other service 21% activities 41%

Wholesale and retail trade 16%

Agriculture, hunting, Transport, storage forestry and fishing Construction and communication 3% 7% 12%

a Preliminary data.

26 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 FINANCE

Main fi nancial indicators as percentage of GDP

2005 2006 2007a Tax revenue 26.2 26.7 27.8 Foreign direct investmentsb 20.3 5.6 6.5 Current account -10.0 -15.5 -17.4 Government foreign loans 1.0 0.9 0.6 a Preliminary data. b Infl ow.

Average annual interest rate on kroon deposits and on kroon loans in credit institutions, %

2005 2006 2007a Time deposits 2.3 3.6 6.5 Long-term loans 9.2 7.7 9.7 Short-term loans 4.9 5.9 7.7

Foreign direct investment stock by fi eld of activity at end-year, %

2005 2006 2007a Industry 14.9 17.5 14.4 Agriculture and forestry 0.6 0.7 0.6 Electricity, gas and water supply 2.4 2.6 2.9 Construction 1.3 1.8 2.2 Wholesale and retail trade 8.8 10.4 13.4 Transport, storage and communication 3.5 7.0 3.7 Financial intermediation 38.8 28.1 31.3 Real estate, renting and business activities 27.8 29.8 29.2 Other community, social and personal 1.9 2.1 2.3 service activities Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 a Preliminary data.

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 27 FINANCE

Average yearly exchange rates of Estonian kroon

2005 2006 2007 against EUR 15.647 15.647 15.647 against USD 12.655 12.465 11.438

State budget, million euros

2005 2006 2007 Revenue 3 525.4 4 325.4 5 240.3 Expenditure 3 370.5 4 131.9 4 859.6 Surplus/defi cit 154.9 193.5 380.7

Income from main taxes as percentage of state total revenue

2005 2006 2007 Individual income tax a 6.1 5.7 5.8 Corporate income tax 4.5 4.6 5.0 VAT 26.6 27.5 27.2 Excise duties 11.8 10.4 10.0 Social security contributions 32.9 32.1 33.3 a Allotment to the local government budgets is not included.

Expenditure of state budget, %

2005 2006 2007 Administration expenses 18.7 20.8 20.2 State defence, order maintenance 12.8 11.9 13.3 and legal protection Social sphere 53.9 51.6 52.2 education, culture and science 10.4 10.1 10.9 social security 28.9 27.8 26.2 public health 14.6 13.7 15.1 Economy 14.6 15.7 14.3 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

28 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 FINANCE

Local budgets, million euros

2005 2006 2007 Revenue 935.2 1 156.4 1 287.7 Expenditure 959.9 1 140.6 1 304.8 Surplus/defi cit -24.7 15.8 -17.0

Expenditure of local budgets, %

2005 2006 2007 Administration expenses 8.8 8.7 9.1 State defence, order maintenance 0.3 0.5 0.4 and legal protection Social sphere 66.7 64.5 64.7 education, culture and science 57.7 55.9 56.6 social security 8.5 7.8 7.3 public health 0.5 0.8 0.8 Economy 24.2 26.3 25.8 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Average monthly exchange rate of Estonian kroon per USDa

20

18

16

14

12

10

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 a Data of the Bank of Estonia.

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 29 PRICES

Selected average prices, euros

Quantity March 2006 March 2007 March 2008 Butter kg 4.01 4.27 6.37 Milk litres 0.44 0.44 0.67 Cheese kg 5.07 5.49 7.54 Eggs 10 pieces 0.81 0.84 1.19 Pork kg 3.37 3.72 4.18 Potatoes kg 0.34 0.54 0.47 Wheat fl our kg 0.35 0.41 0.62 Bread kg 0.87 1.03 1.22 Sugar kg 0.96 0.98 0.97 Ground coff ee 0.5 kg 2.84 2.69 2.81 Vodka Viru Valge litres 9.02 9.52 10.28 Beer, domestic litres 0.94 1.03 1.16 Cigarettes 20 pieces 1.72 1.72 1.77 “Marlboro” Petrol litres 0.84 0.84 1.04

Change of price indices over previous year, %

2005 2006 2007 Consumer price index 4.1 4.4 6.6 food 3.3 5.1 9.9 clothing and footwear 1.9 2.6 3.6 housing 7.0 10.4 14.6 Producer price index 2.1 4.5 8.3 energy supply -1.5 1.9 7.3 mining 2.6 5.5 6.7 manufacturing 2.5 4.7 8.4

30 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 AGRICULTURE

Use of arable land, 1000 hectares

2005 2006 2007a Winter rye 7.4 7.3 16.7 Winter wheat 19.6 23.6 35.7 Spring wheat 65.8 67.3 62.0 Barley 144.2 142.0 139.8 Oats 33.7 32.6 30.0 Other cereals 11.4 7.5 7.9 Legumes 4.4 4.6 5.7 Potatoes 14.0 11.5 10.3 Vegetables 3.0 2.8 2.5 Industrial crops 47.1 62.9 73.7 Fodder roots 0.2 0.1 0.1 Annual and perennial grass plants 209.9 176.8 189.5 Total 560.7 539.0 573.9

Livestock, 31 December, thousands

2005 2006 2007a Cattle 249.5 244.8 242.0 dairy cows 112.8 108.4 104.1 Sheep and goats 52.4 66.0 77.9 Pigs 346.5 345.8 374.7 Horses 4.8 4.9 … Poultry 1 878.7 1 638.7 1 447.4 a Preliminary data.

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 31 INDUSTRY, ENERGY

Gross output of industry at current prices, million euros

2005 2006 Mining and quarrying 172 196 Manufacturing 5 599 6 581 food products, beverages 914 1 011 textiles 257 267 wearing apparel 147 159 leather and footwear 27 28 wood 937 1 056 pulp and paper 105 140 printing and publishing products 251 291 chemical products 302 344 rubber and plastic products 223 301 other non-metallic mineral products 307 405 fabricated metal products 570 756 machinery and equipment 197 240 electrical machinery and apparatus 288 382 radio, television and communication 224 237 equipment and apparatus medical, precision and optical instruments 102 99 transport equipment 262 291 furniture and other manufactured goods 375 412 other manufacturing 111 162 Energy production 366 391 Total 6 137 7 168 Volume index of industrial output (2000 = 100) 160.3 176.1

32 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 INDUSTRY, ENERGY

Production and use of electricity, gigawatt-hours

2005 2006 2007a Generation gross 10 205 9 731 12 140 net 9 114 8 728 10 926 Imports 345 251 399 from Lithuania 180 99 312 from Latvia 165 152 87 Consumption 6 403 6 901 7 237 Losses 1 103 1 077 1 209 Exports 1 953 1 001 2 879 to Russia 172 - - to Latvia 1 565 797 1 310 to Lithuania 216 204 10 to Finland - - 1 559 a Preliminary data.

Supply of primary energy, 2006

Other Wood 1% 10%

Liquid fuels 14%

Natural gas Oil-shale 16% 59%

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 33 CONSTRUCTION

Dwelling stock

2006 2007 Dwellings, thousands 633.1 638.2 Dwellings per 1000 population 470.8 475.5 Average fl oor area per dwelling, square metres 60.6 60.7 Public dwellings, thousands 29.9 30.1 Average fl oor area per dwelling, square metres 44.7 44.8 Private dwellings, thousands 603.2 608.1 Average fl oor area per dwelling, square metres 61.4 61.5

Construction of new dwellings

Number of dwellings 8000

7000 Total

6000

5000

4000

3000 One- and two-family 2000 houses and terraced houses 1000

0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

34 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATIONS

Conveyance of passengers, millions

2006 2007 total in interna- total in interna- tional traffi c tional traffi c Road transport 141.6 0.8 140.0 0.9 urban transport 107.5 .. 105.4 .. Electric transport 60.0 .. 60.4 .. Railway transport 5.3 0.1 5.4 0.2 Sea transport 5.9 4.3 6.3 4.2 River transport 0.00 .. 0.00 .. Air transport 1.46 1.44 1.14 1.12 Passenger-kilometres, 5 139 2 261 4 779 2 337 millions

Transport of goods, million tons

2006 2007 total in interna- total in interna- tional traffi c tional traffi c Road transport 30.3 6.5 38.5 7.0 Railway transport 61.3 42.0 68.5 32.3 public railway 45.1 41.6 37.0 31.9 Sea transport 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6 River transport - - - - Air transport, thousand tons 5.2 5.0 3.7 3.7 Freight turnover, million 20 579 17 850 20 451 17 082 tonne-kilometres

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 35 TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATIONS

Length of transport routes, km

2005 2006 2007 Railways (public railways) 968 968 816 electrifi ed 131 131 131 Public roads 16 470 16 479 16 465 paved 9 028 9 368 9 679 Navigable inland waterways 320 320 320

Carsa

2005 2006 2007b Passenger cars, thousands 493.8 544.0 523.8 per 1000 population 367 413 391 private cars, thousands 369.0 399.3 377.3 per 1000 population 275 298 281 a The vehicles not re-registered in the National Motor Vehicle Registration Centre for 1 June 2007 were excluded. b The data as of 31 December.

Road traffi c accidents

2005 2006 2007a Accidents involving injury or death 2 341 2 585 2 448 persons killed 170 204 196 persons injured 3 027 3 508 3 270

a The data of the Traffi c Safety Department of the Estonian Road Administration as of 10 April 2008.

Telephone services

2005 2006 2007 Main telephone lines, thousands 455 472 490 private telephone lines 326 329 331 per 1000 population 242 245 247 Mobile phone subscribers, thousands 1 444 1 579 1 611 per 1000 population 1 074 1 177 1 202

36 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 ACCOMMODATION

Accommodated tourists in accommodation establishments

2005 2006 2007 Countries of residence total 2 072 586 2 259 087 2 343 044 Estonia 619 168 831 504 962 721 Foreign tourists 1 453 418 1 427 583 1 380 323 from Finland 799 139 749 132 707 124 from Sweden 108 234 105 939 90 221 from Germany 109 346 90 073 87 109 from Latvia 51 558 65 559 74 667 from Russia 53 427 67 201 56 407 from the United Kingdom 62 926 61 393 56 113 from Norway 41 273 48 863 55 999 from Lithuania 24 703 29 889 35 561 from Italy 26 712 26 753 24 901 from the United States 19 506 19 856 22 169

Tourist nights spent in accommodation establishments

Million 3.5 Foreign visitors 3.0

2.5 Estonian 2.0 residents

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 37 FOREIGN TRADE, INTERNAL TRADE

Estonia’s main trading partners

2005 2006 2007 million % million % million % euros euros euros Exports Finland 1 636.5 26.4 1 407.4 18.2 1 435.4 17.9 Sweden 810.9 13.1 944.6 12.2 1 061.3 13.2 Latvia 564.4 9.1 699.2 9.1 915.0 11.4 Russian Federation 401.6 6.5 605.3 7.8 709.6 8.8 Lithuania 287.4 4.6 370.8 4.8 463.4 5.8 Germany 377.7 6.1 386.0 5.0 420.3 5.2 United States 191.3 3.1 511.3 6.6 334.9 4.2 Togo 1.6 0.0 75.6 1.0 271.3 3.4 Importsa Finland 1 621.2 19.7 1 961.0 18.3 1 802.7 15.9 Germany 1 151.3 14.0 1 324.8 12.4 1 447.2 12.8 Russian Federation 754.8 9.2 1 389.1 13.0 1 155.8 10.2 Sweden 723.5 8.8 971.7 9.1 1 145.2 10.1 Latvia 398.3 4.8 624.6 5.8 857.3 7.6 Lithuania 494.4 6.0 692.1 6.5 774.9 6.8 Poland 301.1 3.7 403.0 3.8 509.9 4.5 Netherlands 280.7 3.4 371.8 3.5 386.6 3.4

a Imports by country of consignment.

38 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 FOREIGN TRADE, INTERNAL TRADE

Exports and imports, billion euros

12 Imports

9 Exports

6

3

0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Exports by commodity group, %

2005 2006 2007 Live animals and animal products 3.0 2.7 2.9 Prepared foodstuff s, beverages, 2.8 3.0 4.2 spirits, vinegar and tobacco Mineral products 7.5 16.1 12.5 Products of chemical or allied industries 4.2 4.1 4.5 Wood and articles of wood 11.3 9.2 10.1 Textiles and textile articles 7.2 5.2 5.0 Base metals and articles of base metal 9.1 9.2 10.1 Machinery (incl. electrical) 28.2 24.7 20.9 and parts thereof Transport equipment 6.8 6.7 8.5 Miscellaneous manufactured 19.9 19.1 21.3 articles and other Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total value of exports, million euros 6 201.9 7 719.4 8 023.0

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 39 FOREIGN TRADE, INTERNAL TRADE

Imports by commodity group, %

2005 2006 2007 Live animals and 1.7 1.4 1.5 animal products Prepared foodstuff s, beverages, 4.7 4.0 5.6 spirits, vinegar and tobacco Mineral products 9.2 16.1 14.0 Products of chemical 6.8 6.4 6.7 or allied industries Wood and articles of wood 3.5 3.1 3.8 Textiles and textile articles 5.8 5.1 5.2 Base metals and articles 10.3 9.5 10.3 of base metal Machinery (incl. electrical) 30.8 25.4 21.5 and parts thereof Transport equipment 10.4 12.1 13.8 Miscellaneous manufactured 16.8 16.9 17.6 articles and other Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total value of imports, 8 229.6 10 703.0 11 321.3 million euros

Retail sales volume indices (2000 = 100)

2005 2006 Food 182 182 Manufactured goods 184 217 Total 182 202

40 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 ESTONIA ABROAD

Enterprise Estonia Representative Offi ces

Offi ce in the United Kingdom Offi ce in Sweden Mr Egert Anslan Mr Krister Kalda Enterprise Estonia Estonian House Trafalgar House Wallingatan 32, 2TR 11 Waterloo Place 11124 Stockholm SW1Y 4AU London Tel: +46 8 23 6018 Tel: +44 207 863 8865 Fax: 46 8 44 22 080 Fax: + 44 207 863 8866 GSM: +46 76 11 55 777 GSM: +44 77 3322 4989 [email protected] [email protected]

Offi ce in Germany Offi ce in the Russian Federation, Ms Riina Leminsky Moscow Wirtschaftsförderung Estlands Mr Georg Poslawski Mönckebergstr. 5 Estonian Embassy 20095 Hamburg 5, Malõi Kislovski per. Tel: +49 40 3038 7899 RU-125009 Moscow Fax: +49 40 3038 7981 Tel: +7 495 730 62 60; GSM: +49 162 934 5682 + 7 495 730 62 61 [email protected] Fax: + 7 495 202 3913 GSM: + 7 916 501 26 86 [email protected]

Offi ce in Finland Offi ce in the Russian Federation, Mr Valdar Liive St Petersburg Mariankatu 8B Mr Toomas Kästik 00170 Helsinki 7. Linija V.O., 76 Tel: +358 9 228 90 444 Room 519 Fax: +358 9 228 90 445 199178, St Petersburg GSM: +358 40 830 4656 Tel: +7 812 332 62 00 [email protected] Fax +7 812 332 62 01 [email protected]

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 41 ESTONIA ABROAD

Offi ce in the US Offi ce in China Mr Andrus Viirg Mr Valle Feldmann 111 N.Market Str., Suite 646 Room 401-2, Building 2, San Jose, California 95 113, USA 690 Bi Bo Road Tel: +1 408 351 3354 Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park GSM US: +1 415 335 3843 Pudong, Shanghai 201203 GSM EU: +372 503 5405 Tel: +86 21 6104 2266 GSM: +86 1370 1873 699 GSM EU: +372 505 8285 Offi ce in Japan Fax: +86 21 6104 1407 Mr Kosaku Yamaguchi Shinjuku Park Tower 32F 3-7-1, Nishi-Shinjuku Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-1032 Tel: +81 50 5539 6001 GSM: +81 90 9826 7757 Fax: +81 3 6862 6466

Estonian Institute Branch Offi ces Finland (1995) Sweden (1999) Viro-Instituutti Estniska Institutet Mariankatu 8b Wallingatan 32 00170 Helsinki S-111 24 Stockholm Finland Sweden Tel: +358 9 669 805 Tel/fax: +46 8 411 2312 Fax: +358 9 622 4048 [email protected] [email protected] Hungary (1998) France (2001) Magyarországi Észt Intézet Institut Estonien en France Bártok Béla út 19. IV/32a 3, rue Robert Estienne H-1114 Budapest 75008 Paris, France Hungary Tel: +331 42 56 53 46 Tel/fax: +36 1 386 2462 [email protected] [email protected]

Estonian Houses around the world www.eestimaja.ee

42 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 CONTACTS

Web sites on Estonia

Estonian State Web Centre www.riik.ee/en Offi ce of the President www.president.ee Riigikogu (Parliament) www.riigikogu.ee Ministry of Foreign Aff airs www.mfa.ee Bank of Estonia www.bankofestonia.info Estonian Institute www.einst.ee Estonica www.estonica.org Estonian Tourist Board www.visitestonia.com Enterprise Estonia www.eas.ee Estonia information www.vm.ee/estonia

MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 43 STATISTICAL INFORMATION tel +372 625 9300 from 8.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m. (from Mon to Fri) [email protected] www.stat.ee

ESTONIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS Islandi väljak 1 15049 Tallinn tel +372 637 7000 fax +372 637 7099 [email protected] www.vm.ee

Printed by Ofset Ltd 25 Paldiski Rd, 10612 Tallinn

Published by Statistics Estonia, 15 Endla Str, 15174 Tallinn Compiled by Elina Härsing, tel +372 625 9106 Cover Design by Maris Valk, tel +372 625 9105 Layout & Prepress by Oliver Lillma, tel +372 625 9309 April 2008