Minifacts 2008.Indd
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The reference book provides essential annual statistics on economic, social and cultural life of contemporary Estonia mainly for 2005–2007. MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA ISSN 1736-2237 ISBN 978-9985-74-431-4 CONTENTS State 3 Defence forces 4 Flag Days and Holidays 4 Geographical data 5 Environment 6 Population 8 Education, culture 13 Health, social protection 14 Justice 15 Household budget 16 Social exclusion 17 Wages and salaries and labour costs 18 Labour market 21 National accounts 25 Finance 27 Prices 30 Agriculture 31 Industry, energy 32 Construction 34 Transport, communications 35 Accommodation 37 Foreign trade, internal trade 38 Estonia abroad 41 Contacts 43 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 Statistics Estonia has completed the publication in co-operation with the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs Explanation of symbols - Magnitude nil ... Data not available .. Category not applicable 0 Magnitude less than half 0.0 of the unit employed EUR euro USD US dollar ISSN 1736-2237 ISBN 978-9985-74-431-4 Copyright: Statistics Estonia, 2008 Photo: Focus When using or quoting the data included in this issue, please indicate the source 2 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 STATE State Type: parliamentary democracy. Head of the State: the President, elected by the Parliament or an Electoral Body. Term: 5 years. The current President: Mr Toomas Hendrik Ilves, elected by the Electoral Body on 23 September 2006. Next elections: September 2011. National legislature: the Riigikogu. A unicameral Parliament of 101 members. Term: 4 years. The last elections for the eleventh Riigikogu were held on 4 March 2007. Head of the Government: Prime Minister, currently Mr Andrus Ansip (the Reform Party). Highest judicial power: Supreme Court. Administrative division: 15 counties, 194 rural municipalities and 33 cities (excl. 14 cities without municipal status). Electoral systems: proportional representation. There is universal suff rage for Estonian citizens over 18 years of age. Municipal elections: Term: 4 years. All permanent residents over 18 years old, regardless of citizenship are eligible to vote in municipal elections. The last elections for local authorities were held on 16 October 2005. Political parties represented in the Riigikogu Parties — members in the Riigikogu Estonian Reform Party 31 Estonian Social Democratic Party 10 Estonian Centre Party 29 Estonian Greens 6 Pro Patria and Res Publica Union 19 Estonian People’s Union 6 The Government The Reform Party (R) has 6, Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (PPRP) has 5 and the Social Democratic Party (SD) has 3 ministers in the Government. Prime Minister Mr Andrus Ansip R Minister of Economic Aff airs Mr Juhan Parts PPRP and Communications Minister of Foreign Aff airs Mr Urmas Paet R Minister of Defence Mr Jaak Aaviksoo PPRP Minister of Justice Mr Rein Lang R Minister of Internal Aff airs Mr Jüri Pihl SD Minister of Finance Mr Ivari Padar SD Minister of the Environment Mr Jaanus Tamkivi R Minister of Agriculture Mr Helir-Valdor Seeder PPRP Minister of Social Aff airs Ms Maret Maripuu R Minister of Education and Research Mr Tõnis Lukas PPRP Minister of Culture Ms Laine Jänes R Minister of Regional Aff airs Mr Siim-Valmar Kiisler PPRP Minister of Population and Ethnic Aff airs Ms Urve Palo SD MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 3 DEFENCE FORCES, FLAG DAYS AND HOLIDAYS Estonian Defence Forces Commander of the Defence Forces Lieutenant General Ants Laaneots Chief of the General Staff of the Defence Forces Colonel Neeme Väli Conscription: eight or eleven months for male citizens at the age of 18–27. The 8-month conscription is prevalent in most cases; 11-month conscription is for junior non commissioned offi cers and reserve offi cer candidate trainees as well as for conscripts who serve on Navy ships or get training in signals or IT. The EDF consist of the Regular Armed Forces (approximately 5,200 persons, including conscripts ca 2,500 persons), which are divided into three branches: Army, Air Force and Navy. About 10,000 members of the volunteer defence organisation, the Defence League (Kaitseliit) and its special organisations are part of the Estonian Defence Forces. Offi cial Flag Days and Public Holidays 1 January New Year’s Day 6 January Epiphany 2 February Anniversary of the Tartu Peace Treaty (1920) 24 February Independence Day (1918) F 14 March Native Language Day 21 March Good Friday 23 March Easter Sunday 1 May Spring Day 9 May Europe Day 11 May Mother’s Day 11 May Pentecost 4 June National Flag Day 14 June Day of Mourning and Commemoration (1941) 23 June Victory Day (Võidupüha) (1919) F 24 June St John’s Day or Midsummer Day (Jaanipäev) 20 August Day of Restoration of Independence (1991) F 2 November All Souls’ Day 9 November Father’s Day 16 November Day of Declaration of Sovereignty (1988) 24 December Christmas Eve 25 December Christmas Day 26 December Boxing Day Public Holidays = Bold type National Holidays = Italics Offi cial fl ag days = F — days when fl ags must be hoisted on all buildings. Some dates of the holidays are impermanent, mostly religious holidays. 4 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Geographical dataa Total area, sq km 45 227 Inland waters, sq km 2 833 Land area, sq km 42 394 Number of islands 1 521 Largest islands, sq km Saaremaa 2 671 Hiiumaa 989 Muhu 198 Longest rivers, km Võhandu 162 Pärnu 144 Põltsamaa 135 Largest lakes, sq km Peipus total area 3 555 area in Estonia 1 529 Võrtsjärv 271 Narva reservoir total area 191 area in Estonia 38 Highest point, m Suur Munamägi 318 a Source: Estonian Land Board. Mean daily temperature, 2008, ºC January July Annual Tallinn -0.9 16.9 6.9 Narva-Jõesuu -1.6 17.3 6.6 Viljandi -1.6 16.7 6.8 Pärnu -0.9 17.0 7.0 Average -1.5 17.0 6.8 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 5 ENVIRONMENT Factors infl uencing environment 2005 2006 Waste generation, 1000 tons 18 496 20 012 Air pollution from stationary sources, 1000 tons 141 125 sulphur dioxide 74 68 carbon monoxide 25 21 nitrogen oxides 14 13 volatile organic compounds 9 9 solid particles 18 12 Water extraction, million cubic metres 1 584 1 565 surface water 1 298 1 324 ground water 274 237 sea water 6 4 Water discharge, million cubic metres 1 620 1 577 does not need purifi cation 1 294 1 312 purifi ed 324 263 insuffi ciently purifi ed 5 … non-purifi ed 2 1 Organic substances BOD — biological oxygen demand, tonsa 1 399 1 366 a BOD 7 — quantity of oxygen consumed during 7 days in biological decomposition of organic substances. Protection of environment 2005 2006 Expenditures of enterprises, million euros 127 228 investments 48 108 Expenditures of local governments, million euros 27 22 investments 14 12 6 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 ENVIRONMENT Forest resources and reforestation 2005 2006 Forest and other wooded land, 1000 hectares 2 264.2 2 251.9 stands 2 121.7 2 113.3 Reserve of stands, 1000 cubic metres 451 640 450 341 Reserve of stands, cubic metres per hectare 213.0 213.0 Yearly increase of stands, 1000 cubic metres 11 747 11 629 Percentage of territory covered by forest 48.6 48.4 Reforestation, 1000 hectares 8.1 7.8 sowing and planting 7.3 6.6 Air pollution from stationary sources by counties, 2006 thousand tons 0.1– 2.6 4.3– 5.0 8.8 50 km 94.0 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 7 POPULATION Population by sex, 1 January, thousands 1995 2005 2006 2007 Males 671.3 620.6 619.3 618.2 Females 776.8 726.9 725.4 724.2 Total 1 448.1 1 347.5 1 344.7 1 342.4 Population age structure, 1 January, % 1995 2005a 2006 2007 0–14 20.9 15.4 15.1 14.9 15–64 65.8 68.0 68.2 68.0 65+ 13.3 16.5 16.7 17.1 Population in larger cities, 1 January, thousands 1995 2005 2006 2007 Tallinn — capital city 429.6 396.0 396.2 396.9 Tartu 104.9 101.5 101.7 102.0 Narva ... 67.1 66.9 66.7 Kohtla-Järve ... 46.0 45.7 45.4 Pärnu ... 44.4 44.2 44.1 Viljandi ... 20.4 20.3 20.2 a Due to rounding, the total does not always equal 100%. 8 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 POPULATION Population by sex and age, 1 January 2007 Males Females 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 12 10 8 6 4 20 024681012 Thousands Thousands MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 9 POPULATION Vital events 1995 2006 total per 1000 total per 1000 population population Live births 13 509 9.4 14 877 11.1 Deaths 20 828 14.5 17 316 12.9 Natural increase -7 319 -5.1 -2 439 -1.8 Marriages 7 006 4.9 6 954 5.2 Divorces 7 456 5.2 3 811 2.8 per 1000 marriages 1 064 … 548 … Live births and deaths Number 20 000 Deaths 15 000 Live births 10 000 5 000 0 Natural increase -5 000 -10 000 06 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20 10 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 POPULATION Live births by sex, stillbirths and deaths of infants under 1 year old 1995 2005 2006 Live births, total 13 509 14 350 14 877 boys 6 942 7 486 7 756 girls 6 567 6 864 7 121 Stillbirths 101 88 56 Deaths of infants under 1 year old 201 78 66 Mean age at fi rst marriage and childbirth 1995 2005 2006 Mean age at fi rst marriage males 25.7 28.8 29.0 females 23.5 26.3 26.5 Mean age of mother 23.0 25.2 25.4 at birth of the fi rst child Mean age of mother at childbirth 25.5 28.2 28.4 Life expectancy at birth Age 81 Females 78 75 72 69 Males 66 63 60 06 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 11 POPULATION Deaths by cause, 2006 Males Females Total Heart and circulatory system diseases 4 107 5 080 9 187 Neoplasms 1 944 1 641 3 585 Injuries and poisonings 1 246 382 1 628 transport accidents 186 59 245 suicides 191 56 247 homicides 72 27 99 Respiratory system diseases 354 142 496 Total 8 853 8 463 17 316 Population by ethnic nationality by the 2000 Population Census Other Ukrainians 4% 2% Estonians 68% Russians 26% 12 MINIFACTS ABOUT ESTONIA 2008 EDUCATION, CULTURE Pupils and students enrolled per 10 000 inhabitants 2005 2006 2007 General education 1 343 1 274 1 208 Vocational education 215 213 204 Higher education 507 512 509 Total 2 065 2 000 1 921 The press and cultural institutions 2005 2006 2007 Periodicals newspapers 138 143 148 daily newspapers 15 16 16 Books titles 4 060 4 040 4 310 copies, millions 6.0 7.3 8.9 Public libraries libraries 562 568 566 library units, thousands 11 305 11 322 11 360 registered users, thousands 439.3 411.3 381 Attendance per 1000 population theatres 611 687 747a museums 1 309 1 403 1 530a a Preliminary data.