Aboriginal Heritage
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Appendix V Technical working paper: Aboriginal heritage Roads and Maritime Services WestConnex – M4-M5 Link Technical working paper: Aboriginal heritage August 2017 Client: Roads and Maritime Services ABN: 76 236 371 088 Prepared by AECOM Australia Pty Ltd Level 21, 420 George Street, Sydney NSW 2000, PO Box Q410, QVB Post Office NSW 1230, Australia T +61 2 8934 0000 F +61 2 8934 0001 www.aecom.com ABN 20 093 846 925 AECOM in Australia and New Zealand is certified to ISO9001, ISO14001 AS/NZS4801 and OHSAS18001. © AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM). All rights reserved. AECOM has prepared this document for the sole use of the Client and for a specific purpose, each as expressly stated in the document. No other party should rely on this document without the prior written consent of AECOM. AECOM undertakes no duty, nor accepts any responsibility, to any third party who may rely upon or use this document. 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(blank page) Contents Glossary of terms and abbreviations .................................................................................................. iii Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... viii 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview of WestConnex and related projects .......................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of this report ............................................................................................... 4 1.3 SEARs and agency comments ................................................................................. 4 1.4 Assessment team ..................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Study area ................................................................................................................ 6 1.6 Structure of this report .............................................................................................. 7 2 The project ............................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Project location ......................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Overview of the project ............................................................................................. 8 2.3 Construction activities ............................................................................................. 11 3 Legislative considerations ................................................................................................... 18 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 18 3.2 NSW legislation ...................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Commonwealth legislation ...................................................................................... 20 4 Assessment methodology ................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Desktop assessment .............................................................................................. 22 4.2 Aboriginal community consultation .......................................................................... 22 4.3 Archaeological survey............................................................................................. 22 5 Landscape context .............................................................................................................. 24 5.1 Topography ............................................................................................................ 24 5.2 Hydrology ............................................................................................................... 24 5.3 Geology & soils ...................................................................................................... 24 5.4 Flora and fauna ...................................................................................................... 25 5.5 Land use ................................................................................................................ 25 5.6 Key observations .................................................................................................... 26 6 Archaeological context ........................................................................................................ 29 6.1 The Sydney region ................................................................................................. 29 6.2 The Port Jackson Archaeological Project ................................................................ 30 6.3 The Cumberland Plain ............................................................................................ 33 6.4 Local context .......................................................................................................... 40 6.5 Aboriginal site predictions ....................................................................................... 45 7 Ethnographic context........................................................................................................... 46 7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 46 7.2 The Darug language and people ............................................................................. 46 8 Survey and results .............................................................................................................. 50 8.1 Overview ................................................................................................................ 50 8.2 Site survey methodology......................................................................................... 50 8.3 Site survey findings ................................................................................................ 50 9 Assessment of impacts........................................................................................................ 56 9.1 Direct impacts......................................................................................................... 56 WestConnex – M4-M5 Link i Roads and Maritime Services Technical working paper: Aboriginal heritage 9.2 Indirect impacts ...................................................................................................... 56 10 Assessment of cumulative impacts ...................................................................................... 57 10.1 Other WestConnex projects .................................................................................... 57 10.2 Other projects ......................................................................................................... 58 11 Summary of findings and recommendations ........................................................................ 60 11.1 Summary of findings ............................................................................................... 60 11.2 Management recommendations .............................................................................. 60 List of Annexures Annexure A - PACHCI process Annexure B - Search results Annexure C - Site photos Annexure D - Rating schemes List of Tables Table 1-1 WestConnex and related projects....................................................................................... 1 Table 1-2 How SEARs have been addressed in this report ................................................................ 5 Table 2-1 Overview of construction activities.................................................................................... 13 Table 2-2 Indicative construction program ........................................................................................ 16 Table 6-1 MCarthy’s (1967) Eastern Regional Sequence (ESR) of stone artefact assemblages ....... 30 Table 6-2 Port Jackson catchment: number of shell middens and archaeological deposits in each sub- catchment (after Attenbrow 2010: 51, Table 5.1)........................................................ 31 Table 6-3 Aboriginal site distribution and occupation models for the Cumberland Plain .................... 38 Table 6-4 AHIMS search results for the search area ........................................................................ 41 Table 6-5 Relevant previous archaeological investigations within 10 kilometres of the study area..... 43 Table 8-1 Investigation area results ................................................................................................. 54 Table 11-1 Recommended environmental management measures .................................................. 61 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Overview of WestConnex and related projects .................................................................. 3 Figure 2-1 Overview of the project ..................................................................................................