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A Case Study Approach of Police Development in Kosovo, Liberia, and Timor-Leste

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A Case Study Approach of Police Development in Kosovo, Liberia, and Timor-Leste Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE June 2017 Building the Airplane While it Flies: A Case Study Approach of Police Development in Kosovo, Liberia, and Timor-Leste Kevin Krupski Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Krupski, Kevin, "Building the Airplane While it Flies: A Case Study Approach of Police Development in Kosovo, Liberia, and Timor-Leste" (2017). Dissertations - ALL. 703. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/703 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the development of police forces during post-conflict reconstruction to determine what makes some police development interventions more successful than others. It addresses three questions: First, does goal incongruence between donors and host states have a negative impact on the outcome of police development? Second, does the structure of organizations, political power, and international agreements predetermine the outcome of police development? Third, does the agency of individuals have an effect on the outcome of police development? The dissertation aims to fill a gap in our understanding of how the international community develops policing institutions by examining the interaction of goals, structure, and agency. While developing the police is important for the larger concerns of bringing stability in the aftermath of a conflict, the endeavor is futile if the police force is the only sector that develops. Development in areas such as governance, spoiler control, and the economy must coincide with police development, and cannot be assumed to be an inevitable product of establishing security. Also, flaws in certain structures, whether it be constitutional arrangement, international presence, or other unique factors, can have a larger impact on the development of the police than any tactical decisions that anyone can make. Finally, while structure forces agents in a direction, individuals can definitely harm the development of the police more than they can help it. Stated more simply, the power of individual actions to create positive change is less than the power of individual actions to create negative change. Building the Airplane While it Flies: A Case Study Approach of Police Development in Kosovo, Liberia, and Timor-Leste by Kevin Krupski B.S., United States Military Academy, 2005 M.P.A., Maxwell School of Syracuse University, 2012 Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Administration Syracuse University May 2017 Copyright © Kevin Krupski, 2017 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my committee. Renee de Nevers, thank you for your advice, counsel, patience, wisdom, and support. From the time I arrived at Syracuse you welcomed me and made me want to get better every day. Taking me on took a lot of your extra time, and I am forever grateful for every minute of it. David Van Slyke, your tenacious work ethic inspired me to push myself, and our conversations helped me understand what I was truly interested in. Brian Taylor, Bill Banks, and John McPeak—I am honored that you are on my committee, and that I have had the opportunity to learn from you, whether in the classroom or in conversation. None of this would be possible without the United States Army and the Department of Social Sciences and West Point. Brigadier General Cindy Jebb, Colonels Suzanne Nielsen and Isaiah Wilson, and Rachel Sondheimer took a chance on me, sponsoring me to attend my studies, and allowing me to teach cadets. A special thanks goes to Heidi Demarest for giving me the time to complete my work. To that end, thank you to my former commanders, John Paganini and Bill Burleson, for mentoring me and supporting my pursuit to teach at West Point. My colleagues at Syracuse and West Point have been a great help. My sincere gratitude goes to my cohort at Maxwell: Zachary Huitink, Judson Murchie, Kelly Stevens, and Jason Smith, especially Zach and Jud, whom I could talk to forever. My fellow instructors at West Point are too many to list, but special thanks goes to Steven Kreeger, Brandon Archuleta, and Kyle Greenberg for being my unofficial “PhD Candidate Support Group.” I cannot forget the cadets and staff of West Point’s Parachute and Policy Debate teams, for dealing with an officer in charge whose head was sometimes in other places thinking about methods or policing. iv For general support, feedback, and conversation, I thank Nick Armstrong, Isaac Kfir, Vice Admiral Robert Murrett, Mark Erwin, Luke Weaver, Milan Sanchez, Keith Hughes, Andy Fleagle, Rick Pace, Dan Doverspike, Al Lefebvre, Dan Wells, Dave Hilling, and Jason Dupuis. A final thanks goes to my friends and family for their support of my endeavor. My parents never ceased greeting me by asking if I was done yet. Thanks goes to my brothers Craig and Jeff, for keeping their younger brother humble and being my best friends. I have to thank my huskies, Teddy and Scout, for being my at-home writing partners, patiently laying on my feet waiting for me to eventually pay them some attention. Finally, to my wife Katie, for putting up with the late nights, early mornings, weekends away, and just me in general. You encouraged me to begin this pursuit, and have been there for the whole ride. You are the source of all my happiness in this world, and more than that, you make me a better person. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... vi ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIALS............................................................................................................................ x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 Research Objectives ................................................................................................................................. 3 Why this? .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Theoretical Perspective ............................................................................................................................ 4 Research Questions .................................................................................................................................. 6 Scope/Limitations of study ...................................................................................................................... 7 Constraints ................................................................................................................................................ 9 Assumptions ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Definitions .............................................................................................................................................. 11 Outline of Dissertation ........................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................................. 19 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Evolution of Donor Motives- State and Human Security ...................................................................... 21 Early Security Motives- State Security ................................................................................................. 22 Human Security ................................................................................................................................... 23 The Nexus of Human and State Security- Post-conflict Reconstruction .............................................. 28 Security Sector Reform ........................................................................................................................ 32 Development ....................................................................................................................................... 34 Police Training, Capacity & Development ........................................................................................... 36 The Concept of a ‘Developed Police Force’ ......................................................................................... 38 Legitimacy ........................................................................................................................................... 40 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 43 CHAPTER 3. METHOD ................................................................................................................................
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