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United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922
Cover: During World War I, convoys carried almost two million men to Europe. In this 1920 oil painting “A Fast Convoy” by Burnell Poole, the destroyer USS Allen (DD-66) is shown escorting USS Leviathan (SP-1326). Throughout the course of the war, Leviathan transported more than 98,000 troops. Naval History and Heritage Command 1 United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922 Frank A. Blazich Jr., PhD Naval History and Heritage Command Introduction This document is intended to provide readers with a chronological progression of the activities of the United States Navy and its involvement with World War I as an outside observer, active participant, and victor engaged in the war’s lingering effects in the postwar period. The document is not a comprehensive timeline of every action, policy decision, or ship movement. What is provided is a glimpse into how the 20th century’s first global conflict influenced the Navy and its evolution throughout the conflict and the immediate aftermath. The source base is predominately composed of the published records of the Navy and the primary materials gathered under the supervision of Captain Dudley Knox in the Historical Section in the Office of Naval Records and Library. A thorough chronology remains to be written on the Navy’s actions in regard to World War I. The nationality of all vessels, unless otherwise listed, is the United States. All errors and omissions are solely those of the author. Table of Contents 1914..................................................................................................................................................1 -
Admiral William Frederick Halsey by Ruben Pang
personality profile 69 Admiral William Frederick Halsey by Ruben Pang IntRoductIon Early Years fleet admiral William halsey was born in elizabeth, frederick halsey (30 october new Jersey to a family of naval 1882 – 16 august 1959) was a tradition. his father was a captain united states navy (USN) officer in the USN. hasley naturally who served in both the first and followed in his footsteps, second World Wars (WWi and enrolling in the united states WWII). he was commander of (US) naval academy in 1900.3 the south pacific area during as a cadet, he held several the early years of the pacific extracurricular positions. he War against Japan and became played full-back for the football http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Halsey.JPG commander of the third fleet team, became president of the Fleet Admiral William Frederick Halsey for the remainder of the war, athletic association, and as during which he supported first classman “had his name general douglas macarthur’s engraved on the thompson advance on the philippines in trophy cup as the midshipman 1944. over the course of war, who had done most during halsey earned the reputation the year for the promotion of of being one of america’s most athletics.”4 aggressive fighting admirals, often driven by instinct over from 1907 to 1909, he gained intellect. however, his record substantial maritime experience also includes unnecessary losses while sailing with the “great at leyte gulf and damage to his White fleet” in a global third fleet during the typhoon circumnavigation.5 in 1909, of 1944 or “hasley’s typhoon,” halsey received instruction in the violent tempest that sank torpedoes with the reserve three destroyers and swept torpedo flotilla in charleston, away 146 naval aircraft. -
Ladies and Gentlemen
reaching the limits of their search area, ENS Reid and his navigator, ENS Swan decided to push their search a little farther. When he spotted small specks in the distance, he promptly radioed Midway: “Sighted main body. Bearing 262 distance 700.” PBYs could carry a crew of eight or nine and were powered by two Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 radial air-cooled engines at 1,200 horsepower each. The aircraft was 104 feet wide wing tip to wing tip and 63 feet 10 inches long from nose to tail. Catalinas were patrol planes that were used to spot enemy submarines, ships, and planes, escorted convoys, served as patrol bombers and occasionally made air and sea rescues. Many PBYs were manufactured in San Diego, but Reid’s aircraft was built in Canada. “Strawberry 5” was found in dilapidated condition at an airport in South Africa, but was lovingly restored over a period of six years. It was actually flown back to San Diego halfway across the planet – no small task for a 70-year old aircraft with a top speed of 120 miles per hour. The plane had to meet FAA regulations and was inspected by an FAA official before it could fly into US airspace. Crew of the Strawberry 5 – National Archives Cover Artwork for the Program NOTES FROM THE ARTIST Unlike the action in the Atlantic where German submarines routinely targeted merchant convoys, the Japanese never targeted shipping in the Pacific. The Cover Artwork for the Veterans' Biographies American convoy system in the Pacific was used primarily during invasions where hundreds of merchant marine ships shuttled men, food, guns, This PBY Catalina (VPB-44) was flown by ENS Jack Reid with his ammunition, and other supplies across the Pacific. -
Additional Historic Information the Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish
USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum Additional Historic Information The Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish AMERICA STRIKES BACK The Doolittle Raid of April 18, 1942 was the first U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese home islands during WWII. The mission is notable in that it was the only operation in which U.S. Army Air Forces bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier into combat. The raid demonstrated how vulnerable the Japanese home islands were to air attack just four months after their surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. While the damage inflicted was slight, the raid significantly boosted American morale while setting in motion a chain of Japanese military events that were disastrous for their long-term war effort. Planning & Preparation Immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, President Roosevelt tasked senior U.S. military commanders with finding a suitable response to assuage the public outrage. Unfortunately, it turned out to be a difficult assignment. The Army Air Forces had no bases in Asia close enough to allow their bombers to attack Japan. At the same time, the Navy had no airplanes with the range and munitions capacity to do meaningful damage without risking the few ships left in the Pacific Fleet. In early January of 1942, Captain Francis Low1, a submariner on CNO Admiral Ernest King’s staff, visited Norfolk, VA to review the Navy’s newest aircraft carrier, USS Hornet CV-8. During this visit, he realized that Army medium-range bombers might be successfully launched from an aircraft carrier. -
US Navy Program Guide 2012
U.S. NAVY PROGRAM GUIDE 2012 U.S. NAVY PROGRAM GUIDE 2012 FOREWORD The U.S. Navy is the world’s preeminent cal change continues in the Arab world. Nations like Iran maritime force. Our fleet operates forward every day, and North Korea continue to pursue nuclear capabilities, providing America offshore options to deter conflict and while rising powers are rapidly modernizing their militar- advance our national interests in an era of uncertainty. ies and investing in capabilities to deny freedom of action As it has for more than 200 years, our Navy remains ready on the sea, in the air and in cyberspace. To ensure we are for today’s challenges. Our fleet continues to deliver cred- prepared to meet our missions, I will continue to focus on ible capability for deterrence, sea control, and power pro- my three main priorities: 1) Remain ready to meet current jection to prevent and contain conflict and to fight and challenges, today; 2) Build a relevant and capable future win our nation’s wars. We protect the interconnected sys- force; and 3) Enable and support our Sailors, Navy Civil- tems of trade, information, and security that enable our ians, and their Families. Most importantly, we will ensure nation’s economic prosperity while ensuring operational we do not create a “hollow force” unable to do the mission access for the Joint force to the maritime domain and the due to shortfalls in maintenance, personnel, or training. littorals. These are fiscally challenging times. We will pursue these Our Navy is integral to combat, counter-terrorism, and priorities effectively and efficiently, innovating to maxi- crisis response. -
US Ships in Commission, Under Construction, and in Mothballs 1 September 1939
US Ships in Commission, Under Construction, and in Mothballs 1 September 1939 Ships in commission (Total 339 ships) Battleships USS Arizona (BB-39) USS Arkansas (BB-33) USS California (BB-44) USS Colorado (BB-45) USS Idaho (BB-42) USS Maryland (BB-46) USS Mississippi (BB-41) USS Nevada (BB-36) USS New Mexico (BB-40, ex-California) USS New York (BB-34) USS Oklahoma (BB-37) USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) USS Tennessee (BB-43) USS Texas (BB-35) USS West Virginia (BB-48) Aircraft Carriers USS Enterprise (CV-6) USS Lexington (CV-2, ex CC-1, ex Constitution) USS Ranger (CV-4) USS Saratoga (CV-3, ex CC-3) USS Yorktown (CV-5) Heavy Cruisers USS Astoria (CA-34, ex CL-34) USS Augusta (CA-31, ex CL-31) USS Chester (CA-27, ex CL-27) USS Chicago (CA-29, ex CL-29) USS Houston (CA-30, ex CL-30) USS Indianapolis) (CA-35, ex CL-35) USS Lousiville (CA-28, ex CL-28) USS Minneapolis (CA-36, ex CL-36) USS New Orleans (CA-32, ex CL-32) USS Northampton (CA-26, ex CL-26) USS Pensacola (CA-24, ex CL-24) USS Portland (CA-33, ex CL-33) USS Quincy (CA-39, ex CL-39) USS Salt Lake City (CA-25, ex CL-25) USS San Francisco (CA-38, ex CL-38) USS Tuscaloosa (CA-37, ex CL-37) USS Vincennes (CA-44, CL-44) USS Wichita (CA-45) Light Cruisers USS Boise (CL-47) USS Brooklyn (CL-40) USS Cincinnati (CL-6, ex CS-6) USS Concord (CL-10, ex CS-10) USS Detroit (CL-8, ex CS-8) USS Honolulu (CL-48) USS Marblehead (CL-12, ex CS-12) 1 USS Memphis (CL-13, ex CS-13) USS Milwaukee (CL-5, ex CS-5) USS Nashville (CL-43) USS Omaha (CL-4, ex CS-4) USS Philadelphia (CL-41) USS Phoenix (CL-46) USS Raleigh (CL-7, ex CS-7) USS Richmond (CL-9, ex CS-9) USS St. -
U.S. Navy D.Estroyers Lost Or Damaged During World War II
u.s. Navy D.estroyers Lost or Damaged During World War II Introduction Tin Can Sailors The destroyers of the United States Navy played key roles Tin Can Sailors is the national association of destroyer throughout World War II, starting with pre-Pearl Harbor convoy veterans. Founded in 1976, we now have over 21 ,000 members. escort and patrol duty and continuing through the post-surren Our members receive a quarterly 40-page newsletter. der occupation of Japan. Time and time again destroyers proved Widely regarded as the finest of its type, the newsletter contains their worth as they carried out difficult and often dangerous as a mix of on naval history, individual ship histories, shipmate signments. As a result of going "in harm's way," many destroyers memories, reunion notices, and much more. were lost or damaged. Although the majority were of these ships Members of Tin Can Sailors may also attend the many were lost or damaged due to enemy action, some were involved events we sponsor each year. These include a national reunion in other situations - often equally deadly - such as storms, and more than a dozen one-day Bull Sessions covering many collisions, groundings, or friendly fire. regions of the country. Our Field Day program provides opportu Through this publication we honor those ships, the men nities to spend weekends living and working aboard a destroyer who were killed or wounded aboard them, and those men who that has become a museum/memorial ship. survived uninjured but who were also in places of great danger. The Tin Can Sailors' Grant Program provides financial Much was demanded of them and they came through. -
Senate Armed Services Committee Testimony Of
SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE TESTIMONY OF ADMIRAL JAMES G. STAVRIDIS, UNITED STATES NAVY COMMANDER, UNITED STATES EUROPEAN COMMAND BEFORE THE 112TH CONGRESS MARCH 1, 2012 INTRODUCTION Mr. Chairman, Ranking Member, Distinguished Members of the Committee: Thank you for the opportunity to appear before you today. For nearly three years now, I’ve had the privilege to command the exceptional men and women of the United States European Command and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Allied Command Operations. As you know, it has been a busy year for these commands, for the NATO Alliance, and for our international and interagency partners who are such a vital part of our mission, our many initiatives, and our team. Working together, we have accomplished some important objectives since I saw you last: saving tens of thousands of lives from a despotic and unstable regime in Libya; supporting continued progress and transition in Afghanistan; maintaining a safe environment in the Balkans; sustaining vital relationships with our key allies and emerging partners in the region; and developing the necessary capabilities to meet the rising—and, in many cases, different—security challenges of the 21st century. I am happy to report that we continue to make sound and efficient progress, in concert with our allies and partners, toward ensuring continued security and stability across our theater and, in so doing, are providing for the forward defense of the United States. But before reporting our progress and achievements over the past year, I want to take a moment to examine a fundamental question on many minds here in Washington and abroad: How does the U.S. -
United States Navy Carrier Air Group 12 History
CVG-12 USN Air 1207 October 1945 United States Navy Carrier Air Group 12 (CVG-12) Copy No. 2 History FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY This document is the property of the Government of the United States and is issued for the information of its Forces operating in the Pacific Theatre of Operations. 1 Original (Oct 45) PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com CVG-12 USN Air 1207 October 1945 Intentionally Blank 2 Original (Oct 45) PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com CVG-12 USN Air 1207 October 1945 CONTENTS CONTENTS........................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................3 USS Saratoga Embarkation..............................................................................................4 OPERATION SHOESTRING 2 ....................................................................................................4 THE RABAUL RAIDS .....................................................................................................................5 First Strike - 5 November 1943............................................................................................................5 Second Strike - 11 November 1943......................................................................................................7 OPERATION GALVIN....................................................................................................................7 -
Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Updated December 13, 2018 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33745 Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program Summary The Aegis ballistic missile defense (BMD) program, which is carried out by the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and the Navy, gives Navy Aegis cruisers and destroyers a capability for conducting BMD operations. Under the FY2019 budget submission, the number of BMD-capable Aegis ships is scheduled to be 41 at the end of FY2019 and 57 at the end of FY2023. Two Japan-homeported Navy BMD-capable Aegis destroyers included in the above figures—the Fitzgerald (DDG-62) and the John S McCain (DDG-56)—were seriously damaged in collisions with merchant ships in waters off the coasts of Japan and Singapore in June 2017 and August 2017, respectively, and are currently being repaired. The temporary loss of these two BMD- capable ships reinforced, at the margin, concerns among some observers about required numbers of BMD-capable Aegis ships versus available numbers of BMD-capable Aegis ships, particularly for performing BMD operations in the Western Pacific. Under the European Phased Adaptive Approach (EPAA) for European BMD operations, BMD- capable Aegis ships are operating in European waters to defend Europe from potential ballistic missile attacks from countries such as Iran. BMD-capable Aegis ships also operate in the Western Pacific and the Persian Gulf to provide regional defense against potential ballistic missile attacks from countries such as North Korea and Iran. The Aegis BMD program is funded mostly through MDA’s budget. -
The Evolution of the US Navy Into an Effective
The Evolution of the U.S. Navy into an Effective Night-Fighting Force During the Solomon Islands Campaign, 1942 - 1943 A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Jeff T. Reardon August 2008 © 2008 Jeff T. Reardon All Rights Reserved ii This dissertation titled The Evolution of the U.S. Navy into an Effective Night-Fighting Force During the Solomon Islands Campaign, 1942 - 1943 by JEFF T. REARDON has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Marvin E. Fletcher Professor of History Benjamin M. Ogles Dean, College of Arts and Sciences iii ABSTRACT REARDON, JEFF T., Ph.D., August 2008, History The Evolution of the U.S. Navy into an Effective Night-Fighting Force During the Solomon Islands Campaign, 1942-1943 (373 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Marvin E. Fletcher On the night of August 8-9, 1942, American naval forces supporting the amphibious landings at Guadalcanal and Tulagi Islands suffered a humiliating defeat in a nighttime clash against the Imperial Japanese Navy. This was, and remains today, the U.S. Navy’s worst defeat at sea. However, unlike America’s ground and air forces, which began inflicting disproportionate losses against their Japanese counterparts at the outset of the Solomon Islands campaign in August 1942, the navy was slow to achieve similar success. The reason the U.S. Navy took so long to achieve proficiency in ship-to-ship combat was due to the fact that it had not adequately prepared itself to fight at night. -
Naval Accidents 1945-1988, Neptune Papers No. 3
-- Neptune Papers -- Neptune Paper No. 3: Naval Accidents 1945 - 1988 by William M. Arkin and Joshua Handler Greenpeace/Institute for Policy Studies Washington, D.C. June 1989 Neptune Paper No. 3: Naval Accidents 1945-1988 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Nuclear Weapons Accidents......................................................................................................... 3 Nuclear Reactor Accidents ........................................................................................................... 7 Submarine Accidents .................................................................................................................... 9 Dangers of Routine Naval Operations....................................................................................... 12 Chronology of Naval Accidents: 1945 - 1988........................................................................... 16 Appendix A: Sources and Acknowledgements........................................................................ 73 Appendix B: U.S. Ship Type Abbreviations ............................................................................ 76 Table 1: Number of Ships by Type Involved in Accidents, 1945 - 1988................................ 78 Table 2: Naval Accidents by Type