Escola Tècnica Superior D'enginyeria Electrònica I

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Escola Tècnica Superior D'enginyeria Electrònica I ESCOLA TÈCNICA SUPERIOR D’ENGINYERIA ELECTRÒNICA I INFORMÀTICA LA SALLE TREBALL FI DE MÀSTER MÀSTER EN GESTIÓ DE LES TECNOLOGIES DE LA INFORMACIÓ I LA COMUNICACIÓ ESTUDI SOBRE LA REPRESENTACIÓ DE XARXES UTILITZANT EINES INFORMÀTIQUES I APLICACIÓ A L’ESTUDI DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL A LES ORGANITZACIONS ALUMNE PROFESSOR PONENT Jordi Montoliu Montes Dr. Francesc Miralles ACTA DE L'EXAMEN DEL TREBALL FI DE MÀSTER Reunit el Tribunal qualificador en el dia de la data, l'alumne D. Jordi Montoliu Montes va exposar el seu Treball de Fi de Màster, el qual va tractar sobre el tema següent: ESTUDI SOBRE LA REPRESENTACIÓ DE XARXES UTILITZANT EINES INFORMÀTIQUES I APLICACIÓ A L’ESTUDI DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL A LES ORGANITZACIONS Acabada l'exposició i contestades per part de l'alumne les objeccions formulades pels Srs. membres del tribunal, aquest valorà l'esmentat Treball amb la qualificació de Barcelona, VOCAL DEL TRIBUNAL VOCAL DEL TRIBUNAL PRESIDENT DEL TRIBUNAL Estudi representació de xarxes i capital social Jordi Montoliu Montes ABSTRACTE L’objectiu del següent projecte es introduir,contextualitzar, analitzar, mesurar i verificar la relació del capital social amb el concepte de rendiment d’innovació aplicat a un cas real. Per realitzar totes aquestes relacions, es divideix el projecte en dues parts ben diferenciades. Una primera part on s’introdueix el terme de capital social i rendiment d’innovació a partir de l’estudi proposat pel professor Ronald Burt, el qual en diferents estudis proposa com el concepte de capital social cada cop agafa més importància dins de departament, grups, empreses, aliances i d’altres associacions. La segona part es verifica les hipòtesis que s’obtenen a partir d’un repositori de dades de software lliure en Internet. Per acabar el projecte, es fa un anàlisi de regressió per verificar les hipòtesis que es plantegen en l’estudi. iii Estudi representació de xarxes i capital social Jordi Montoliu Montes AGRAIMENTS Ara mateix és un gran moment per mi. Entregar aquest projecte final suposa que em trobo en la recta final de la meva carrera universitària i per tant el tancament d’una etapa. Aquest temps que he dedicat a fer aquest projecte no he pogut parar de pensar en totes aquelles persones que han intervingut tant en el projecte com en la meva etapa universitària a la Salle. Per tant volia agrair tant a la universitat, per donar-me l’oportunitat de créixer com a persona, dels professors que he tingut durant aquesta travessia, i sobretot al departament d’innovació i la gent que ho composa, entre ells, Dr. Francesc Miralles i Ferran Giones que han apostat per mi i m’han donat el suport necessari per tirar endavant amb aquest projecte. Finalment, he de donar un agraïment especial a la meva mare amb el seu suport incondional en les decisions que he anat realitzant al llarg de la meva etapa. iv Estudi representació de xarxes i capital social Jordi Montoliu Montes RESUM El treball consisteix en un estudi teòric i pràctic sobre l’anàlisi de xarxa a partir del software d’anàlisi Ucinet. Escollir dades d’un repositori real i fer l’estudi corresponent a la teoria per avaluar aquestes dades. El treball consta de dues parts, una part teòrica i una part pràctica. En la part teòrica s’exposa l’estudi fet pel professos Burt (2004) sobre el concepte de forats estructurals i la introducció al terme capital social que aquest forats donen dins d’una xarxa. S’exposa l’exemple de Burt, es compara amb altres analistes que han intentat fer aquets anàlisis i es treuen possibles variables per fer l’estudi pràctic. La part pràctica es divideix en tres parts, una primera on s’avalua el software d’anàlisi, s’introdueix l’ús, les avantatges i les mesures que es poden fer, una segona part on es recull com s’han obtingut les dades del repositori i com em fet l’extracció i una tercera part on s’intenta relacionar dues hipòtesis relacionant el concepte de capital social amb el perfomance d’innovació. Cal remarcar que apart del software d’anàlisi es fa ús d’altres eines informàtiques com l’Excel o l’Access. La part final del treball, s’exposa els resultats a través de conclusions i limitacions que han aparegut en l’elaboració del projecte i per fer aquest anàlisi s’utilitza un mètode de regressió per obtenir un lligam entre el capital social i el perfomance d’innovació. v Estudi representació de xarxes i capital social Jordi Montoliu Montes Índex 1.- INTRODUCCIÓ ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.- Objectiu del TFM ................................................................................................. 2 PART TEÒRICA .............................................................................................................. 4 2.- INTRODUCCIÓ A LA INNOVACIÓ TECNOLÒGICA ...................................... 4 2.1.- Evolució de la Innovació en les organitzacions ................................................ 5 2.2.- Àmbit i conceptes en xarxes empresarials ...................................................... 8 2.2.3.- Vincles directes e indirectes......................................................................... 12 2.2.4.- Unió de conceptes ........................................................................................ 13 2.3.- Business Model ............................................................................................... 14 3.- INNOVACIÓ TECNOLOGICA A TRAVES DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL ................ 16 3.1.- Capital Social en xarxes socials. ........................................................................ 16 3.1.1.- Variables de control ..................................................................................... 17 3.1.2.- Dimensió del capital social .......................................................................... 18 3.2.- Structural Holes .................................................................................................. 19 3.3.- Introducció a la visió de Capital de Burt ............................................................ 20 3.3.1- Trobar forats estructurals .............................................................................. 24 3.3.2.- Brokerage ..................................................................................................... 27 3.3.3- Terminologia de xarxa. ................................................................................. 28 3.3.4- Estructura Social ........................................................................................... 29 3.3.5- Capital Social produït pel concepte Structural Hole .................................... 30 3.4.- Estudis previs sobre capital social ...................................................................... 31 3.4.1- Estudi proposat per Au et al. (2009) ............................................................. 31 3.4.2- Estudi proposat per Méndez-Duron i Garcia (2008) .................................... 32 4.- Càlcul Capital Social proposat per Burt. ................................................................... 35 4.1.- Variables, model i mètode utilitzat per mesurar el concepte de capital social .. 35 PART PRÀCTICA ......................................................................................................... 40 5.- INTRODUCCIÓ A L’ESTUDI PRÀCTIC .............................................................. 40 vi Estudi representació de xarxes i capital social Jordi Montoliu Montes 5.1.- Introducció a l’anàlisi ......................................................................................... 40 5.2.- Metodologia de l’anàlisi ..................................................................................... 41 5.2.1- Esquema d’estudi .......................................................................................... 43 5.2.1- Elaboració d’hipòtesis ................................................................................... 45 5.3.- Obtenció de dades ............................................................................................... 47 5.4.- Mostra del treball ................................................................................................ 48 5.4.1.- Composició de cada taula ............................................................................ 51 7.- INTRODUCCIÓ AL SOFTWARE D’ANÀLISI ..................................................... 54 7.1.- Netdraw .............................................................................................................. 56 8.- ANÀLISIS DE LES DADES .................................................................................... 56 8.1.- ANÀLISI CONSTRUCTOR CS ........................................................................ 58 8.1.1.- Anàlisi de densitat de xarxa a través de vincles entre actors ....................... 58 8.1.2.- Anàlisi experiència dels actors i CS associat al projecte a través de les dades. ................................................................................................................................. 73 8.2.- ANÀLISI CONSTRUCTOR RENDIMENT D’INNOVACIÓ ......................... 79 8.2.1.- Estudi del rendiment d’innovació en els projectes ...................................... 79 9. CONTRAST D’HIPÒTESIS .................................................................................. 81 9.1.- Discussió primera hipòtesi. ................................................................................ 82 9.2.- Discussió segona hipòtesi. .................................................................................. 83 9.2.1.-
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