DOCSLIB.ORG

Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 520.804

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 520.804 Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 520.804 Strongylus vulgaris; and pinworms, Milligrams Length of per pound Oxyuris equi. of body treatmentÐ weight days (3) Limitations. Administer by drench or mixed with the daily ration as a sin- Hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria gle dose. Treatment is recommended in stenocephala) ........................... 10 7 spring and fall. In a heavily infested Whipworms (Trichuris vulpis) ....... 10 7 environment, treatment may be re- Strongyloides (Strongyloides canis, Strongyloides stercoralis) 10 10±12 peated every 30 days. Not for use in Heartworm microfilariae horses intended for food purposes. Se- (Dirofilaria immitus) ................... 3±5 7±10 verely debilitated animals should not Note: Treatment with dithiazanine iodide for heartworm be wormed except on the advice of a microfilariae should follow 6 weeks after therapy for adult veterinarian. If the drug is for adminis- worms. tration by stomach tube, it shall be la- (2) The drug is contraindicated in beled: ``Federal law restricts this drug animals sensitive to dithiazanine io- to use by or on the order of a licensed dide and should be used cautiously, if veterinarian.'' at all, in dogs with reduced renal func- tion. [47 FR 52696, Nov. 23, 1982, as amended at 48 (3) Federal law restricts this drug to FR 32342, July 15, 1983; 53 FR 40727, Oct. 18, 1988] use by or on the order of a licensed vet- erinarian. § 520.784 Doxylamine succinate tab- (e) Use for treating dogs for large lets. roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, and strongyloides as provided for in (a) Specifications. The drug is in tab- this section has been NAS/NRC re- let form and contains doxylamine suc- viewed and deemed effective. Applica- cinate as the active drug ingredient. tions for these uses need not include ef- (b) Sponsor. See No. 011716 in fectiveness data as specified by § 514.111 § 510.600(c) of this chapter. of this chapter, but may require bio- (c) Conditions of use. (1) The drug is equivalency and safety information. used in conditions in which antihis- taminic therapy may be expected to al- [40 FR 13838, Mar. 27, 1975, as amended at 47 leviate some signs of disease in horses, FR 51564, Nov. 16, 1982; 48 FR 32342, July 15, dogs, and cats.1 1983; 53 FR 40727, Oct. 18, 1988] (2) It is administered orally to horses § 520.763c Dithiazanine iodide and pi- at a dosage level of 1 to 2 milligrams perazine citrate suspension. per pound of body weight per day di- vided into 3 or 4 equal doses. It is ad- (a) Specifications. Each milliliter of ministered orally to dogs and cats at a the drug contains 69 milligrams of dosage level of 2 to 3 milligrams per dithiazanine iodide and 83 milligrams pound of body weight per day divided of piperazine base (as piperazine cit- into 3 or 4 equal doses.1 rate). (3) Not for use in horses intended for (b) Sponsor. See 054273 in § 510.600(c) of food.1 this chapter. (c) NAS/NRC status. The conditions of (4) Federal law restricts this drug to use are NAS/NRC reviewed and found use by or on the order of a licensed vet- 1 effective. Applications for these uses erinarian. need not include effectiveness data as [40 FR 13838, Mar. 27, 1975, as amended at 42 specified by § 514.111 of this chapter, FR 60140, Nov. 25, 1977; 46 FR 48642, Oct. 2, but may require bioequivalency and 1981; 61 FR 8873, Mar. 6, 1996] safety information. (d) Conditions of useÐ(1) Amount. 1 § 520.804 Enalapril tablets. ounce (30 milliliters) per 100 pounds of (a) Specifications. Each tablet con- body weight for the first 500 pounds; 3¤4 tains either 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, or 20.0 mil- ounce for each 100 pounds thereafter, ligrams of enalapril maleate. up to 1,200 pounds; 101¤4 ounces to ani- mals over 1,200 pounds. 1 These conditions are NAS/NRC reviewed (2) Indications for use. For control of and deemed effective. Applications for these large roundworms, Parascaris equorum; uses need not include effectiveness data as small strongyles; large strongyles, specified by § 514.111 of this chapter. 159 VerDate 29<JUL>96 12:57 Aug 16, 1996 Jkt 167070 PO 00000 Frm 00155 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 C:\CFR\21V6C1SE.TXT pfrm13.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylum: Nematoda Basic Features
    Lec: 1 Nematodes 3rd class Dr.Omaima I.M. Phylum: Nematoda Basic Features: Roundworms get their name from their round cross section Long thread-like bodies Usually very small to microscopic, some parasitic members however may be a metre long Simple tube-like gut with a mouth and anus No circulatory system, gas exchange and excretion are by diffusion across the body wall There is very little superficial difference between nematode species, they all look pretty much like larger or smaller, somewhat fatter or skinnier versions of each other Sexual reproduction, sexes separate, no asexual reproduction. Males are usually smaller than the females, the females of some species can deposit over 100,000 eggs per day. Basic Nematode Life Cycle Despite the diversity and complexity of many nematode life cycles, all of them can be related to the same basic pattern. This pattern is illustrated by the adjacent figure and consists of two phases, parasitic and pre-parasitic. The parasitic phase takes place inside the definitive host while the pre-parasitic phase occurs either as a freeliving phase in the external environment or inside a second host, called an intermediate host. This basic life cycle also consists of seven stages, an egg, four larval stages (L2, L2, L3, L4) and two adult stages comprising separate males and females. Family : Ascaridae Parascaris equorum found in the small intestine of equids, especially <2 year olds. Main properties Males can reach up to 28 cm length, females up to 50 cm. They have a whitish color and a translucent aspect, and look very much like cooked spaghetti.
    [Show full text]
  • Agent for Expelling Parasites in Humans, Animals Or Birds
    (19) TZZ Z_T (11) EP 2 496 089 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A01N 65/00 (2009.01) A01N 65/10 (2009.01) 22.02.2017 Bulletin 2017/08 A61K 36/23 (2006.01) A01P 5/00 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 10803029.7 (86) International application number: PCT/BE2010/000077 (22) Date of filing: 05.11.2010 (87) International publication number: WO 2011/054066 (12.05.2011 Gazette 2011/19) (54) AGENT FOR EXPELLING PARASITES IN HUMANS, ANIMALS OR BIRDS MITTEL ZUR ABWEISUNG VON PARASITEN BEI MENSCHEN, TIEREN ODER VÖGELN AGENT POUR EXPULSER DES PARASITES CHEZ DES HUMAINS, DES ANIMAUX OU DES OISEAUX (84) Designated Contracting States: (56) References cited: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB • RAMADAN NASHWA I ET AL: "The in vitro effect GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO of assafoetida on Trichomonas vaginalis", PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR JOURNAL OF THE EGYPTIAN SOCIETY OF PARASITOLOGY, EGYPTIAN SOCIETY OF (30) Priority: 06.11.2009 BE 200900689 PARAS1TOLOGY, CAIRO, EG, vol. 33, no. 2, 1 August 2003 (2003-08-01) , pages 615-630, (43) Date of publication of application: XP009136264, ISSN: 1110-0583 12.09.2012 Bulletin 2012/37 • DATABASE MEDLINE [Online] US NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE (NLM), BETHESDA, MD, (73) Proprietors: US; December 2004 (2004-12), RAMADAN • MEIJS, Maria Wilhelmina NASHWA I ET AL: "Effect of Ferula assafoetida 4852 Hombourg (BE) on experimental murine Schistosoma mansoni • VAESSEN, Jan Jozef infection.", XP002592455, Database accession 4852 Hombourg (BE) no.
    [Show full text]
  • 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-96 Edition) § 520.903B
    § 520.903b 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-96 Edition) (v) Consult your veterinarian for as- (b) Sponsor. See No. 000859 in sistance in the diagnosis, treatment, § 510.600(c) of this chapter. and control of parasitism. (c) Conditions of useÐ(1) AmountÐ(i) Dogs and cats (over 6 months of age): 10 [43 FR 8797, Mar. 3, 1978; 43 FR 12311, Mar. 24, 1978, as amended at 43 FR 60882, Dec. 29, 1978. milligrams of febantel and 1 milligram Redesignated at 45 FR 8587, Feb. 8, 1980] of praziquantel per kilogram of body weight (1 gram of paste per 7.5 pounds § 520.903b Febantel suspension. body weight) administered by mouth or (a) Specifications. The suspension con- in the food once daily for 3 days. tains 9.3 percent (2.75 grams per ounce) (ii) Puppies and kittens (less than 6 febantel. months of age): 15 milligrams of (b) Sponsor. See 000859 in § 510.600(c) of febantel and 1.5 milligrams of this chapter. praziquantel per kilogram of body (c) Conditions of useÐ(1) Amount. 3 weight (1 gram of paste per 5 pounds milliliters per 100 pounds body weight body weight) administered by mouth or 1 fluid ounce per 1000 pounds (6 mil- on a full stomach once daily for 3 days. ligrams per kilogram body weight). (2) Indications for use. (i) Dogs and (2) Indications for use. For removal of puppies: For removal of hookworms ascarids (Parascaris equorumÐadult and (Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria sexually immature), pinworms (Oxyuris stenocephala), whipworms (Trichuris equiÐadult and 4th stage larvae), large vulpis), ascarids (Toxocara canis and strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris, S.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomics of the Major Parasitic Worms
    Comparative genomics of the major parasitic worms International Helminth Genomes Consortium Supplementary Information Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4 Contributions from Consortium members ..................................................................................... 5 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 6 1 Sample collection and preparation ................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 Data production, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI) ........................................................................ 12 DNA template preparation and sequencing................................................................................................. 12 Genome assembly ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Assembly QC ................................................................................................................................................. 14 Gene prediction ............................................................................................................................................ 15 Contamination screening ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • P-Glycoprotein Drug Transporters in the Parasitic Nematodes Toxocara Canis and Parascaris
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2019 P-glycoprotein drug transporters in the parasitic nematodes Toxocara canis and Parascaris Jeba Rose Jennifer Jesudoss Chelladurai Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Parasitology Commons, and the Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Jesudoss Chelladurai, Jeba Rose Jennifer, "P-glycoprotein drug transporters in the parasitic nematodes Toxocara canis and Parascaris" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17707. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17707 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. P-glycoprotein drug transporters in the parasitic nematodes Toxocara canis and Parascaris by Jeba Rose Jennifer Jesudoss Chelladurai A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Veterinary Pathology (Veterinary Parasitology) Program of Study Committee: Matthew T. Brewer, Major Professor Douglas E. Jones Richard J. Martin Jodi D. Smith Tomislav Jelesijevic The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2019 Copyright © Jeba Rose Jennifer Jesudoss Chelladurai, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Helminth Infections of Donkeys and Their Control in Temperate Regions J
    EQUINE VETERINARY EDUCATION / AE / SEPTEMBER 2013 461 Review Article Common helminth infections of donkeys and their control in temperate regions J. B. Matthews* and F. A. Burden† Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh; and †The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon, UK. *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Keywords: horse; donkey; helminths; anthelmintic resistance Summary management of helminths in donkeys is of general importance Roundworms and flatworms that affect donkeys can cause to their wellbeing and to that of co-grazing animals. disease. All common helminth parasites that affect horses also infect donkeys, so animals that co-graze can act as a source Nematodes that commonly affect donkeys of infection for either species. Of the gastrointestinal nematodes, those belonging to the cyathostomin (small Cyathostomins strongyle) group are the most problematic in UK donkeys. Most In donkey populations in which all animals are administered grazing animals are exposed to these parasites and some anthelmintics on a regular basis, most harbour low burdens of animals will be infected all of their lives. Control is threatened parasitic nematode infections and do not exhibit overt signs of by anthelmintic resistance: resistance to all 3 available disease. As in horses and ponies, the most common parasitic anthelmintic classes has now been recorded in UK donkeys. nematodes are the cyathostomin species. The life cycle of The lungworm, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, is also problematical, these nematodes is the same as in other equids, with a period particularly when donkeys co-graze with horses. Mature of larval encystment in the large intestinal wall playing an horses are not permissive hosts to the full life cycle of this important role in the epidemiology and pathogenicity of parasite, but develop clinical signs on infection.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology
    Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology 190 (2013) 38–43 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology Sequencing of the ␤-tubulin genes in the ascarid nematodes Parascaris equorum ଝ and Ascaridia galli ∗ E. Tydén , A. Engström, D.A. Morrison, J. Höglund Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Benzimidazoles (BZ) are used to control infections of the equine roundworm Parascaris equorum and Received 14 March 2013 the poultry roundworm Ascaridia galli. There are still no reports of anthelmintic resistance (AR) to BZ in Received in revised form 7 May 2013 these two nematodes, although AR to BZ is widespread in several other veterinary parasites. Several single Accepted 9 May 2013 nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the ␤-tubulin genes have been associated with BZ-resistance. In the Available online 16 May 2013 present study we have sequenced ␤-tubulin genes: isotype 1 and isotype 2 of P. equorum and isotype 1 of A. galli. Phylogenetic analysis of all currently known isotypes showed that the Nematoda has more diversity Keywords: among the ␤-tubulin genes than the Vertebrata. In addition, this diversity is arranged in a more complex Parascaris equorum pattern of isotypes. Phylogenetically, the A. galli sequence and one of the P. equorum sequences clustered Ascaridia galli ␤-Tubulin with the known Ascaridoidea isotype 1 sequences, while the other P. equorum sequence did not cluster ␤ Anthelmintic resistance with any other -tubulin sequences.
    [Show full text]
  • The Horse Nematode Parascaris Equorum: in Vitro Experiments and Evaluation of Anthelmintic Resistance
    Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Medicina Animale, Produzioni e Salute Dipartimento di Biomedicina comparata e Alimentazione Corso di Laurea Magistrale a ciclo unico in Medicina Veterinaria The horse nematode Parascaris equorum: in vitro experiments and evaluation of anthelmintic resistance Relatore Prof. Mauro Dacasto Correlatore Dott.ssa Eva Tydén Laureanda Serena Vendrame Matricola n. 1029368 Anno Accademico 2017 / 2018 Det finns inga dumma frågor, bara dumma svar. — Proverbio svedese Contents Abstract 7 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Taxonomy: the class of Nematoda . 11 1.2 The horse nematode Parascaris equorum ............... 13 1.3 Epidemiology . 13 1.4 Life cycle . 15 1.5 Metabolism . 16 1.6 Pathogenesis and clinical signs . 17 1.7 Diagnosis . 17 1.7.1 Qualitative coprological examination . 18 1.7.2 Quantitative coprological examination . 18 1.8 Available treatments . 19 1.8.1 Benzimidazoles . 20 1.8.2 Pyrantel . 21 1.8.3 Macrocyclic Lactones . 22 1.9 Anthelmintic resistance . 23 1.10 P-glycoprotein . 24 1.11 Aim of the project . 25 5 2 Material and methods 27 2.1 Collection and preparation of fecal samples . 27 2.2 Hatching . 28 2.3 Thiabendazole exposure . 29 2.4 RNA extraction . 30 2.5 RNA quantification . 32 2.6 Primer design RT-PCR . 33 2.7 Real-Time One Step RT-PCR on larvae exposed to Thiabendazole . 33 3 Results 35 3.1 Hatching . 35 3.2 Thiabendazole dose-response curve . 37 3.3 Gene expression of Pgp-11 and Pgp-16 in Thiabendazole exposed larvae . 41 4 Discussion 43 4.1 Hatching . 44 4.2 Exposure to Thiabendazole .
    [Show full text]
  • Addendum A: Antiparasitic Drugs Used for Animals
    Addendum A: Antiparasitic Drugs Used for Animals Each product can only be used according to dosages and descriptions given on the leaflet within each package. Table A.1 Selection of drugs against protozoan diseases of dogs and cats (these compounds are not approved in all countries but are often available by import) Dosage (mg/kg Parasites Active compound body weight) Application Isospora species Toltrazuril D: 10.00 1Â per day for 4–5 d; p.o. Toxoplasma gondii Clindamycin D: 12.5 Every 12 h for 2–4 (acute infection) C: 12.5–25 weeks; o. Every 12 h for 2–4 weeks; o. Neospora Clindamycin D: 12.5 2Â per d for 4–8 sp. (systemic + Sulfadiazine/ weeks; o. infection) Trimethoprim Giardia species Fenbendazol D/C: 50.0 1Â per day for 3–5 days; o. Babesia species Imidocarb D: 3–6 Possibly repeat after 12–24 h; s.c. Leishmania species Allopurinol D: 20.0 1Â per day for months up to years; o. Hepatozoon species Imidocarb (I) D: 5.0 (I) + 5.0 (I) 2Â in intervals of + Doxycycline (D) (D) 2 weeks; s.c. plus (D) 2Â per day on 7 days; o. C cat, D dog, d day, kg kilogram, mg milligram, o. orally, s.c. subcutaneously Table A.2 Selection of drugs against nematodes of dogs and cats (unfortunately not effective against a broad spectrum of parasites) Active compounds Trade names Dosage (mg/kg body weight) Application ® Fenbendazole Panacur D: 50.0 for 3 d o. C: 50.0 for 3 d Flubendazole Flubenol® D: 22.0 for 3 d o.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prevalence and Intensity of External and Internal Parasites in Working Donkeys (Equus Asinus) in Egypt
    Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 RESEARCH ARTICLE Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.11/September-2018/16.pdf Open Access The prevalence and intensity of external and internal parasites in working donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt Marwa M. Attia1, Marwa M. Khalifa1 and Marwa Th. Atwa2 1. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Fayoum University, Egypt. Corresponding author: Marwa M. Attia, e-mail: [email protected] Co-authors: MMK: [email protected], MTA: [email protected] Received: 14-05-2018, Accepted: 26-07-2018, Published online: 19-09-2018 doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1298-1306 How to cite this article: Attia MM, Khalifa MM, Atwa MT (2018) The prevalence and intensity of external and internal parasites in working donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt, Veterinary World, 11(9):1298-1306. Abstract Aim: This study aims to record and update the prevalence and intensity of external and internal parasites in working donkeys (Equus asinus) in Egypt during the period from January to December 2017. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 donkeys (10 donkeys each month) were examined at Giza zoo abattoir through bimonthly visits. The examined donkeys were obtained from five governorates (Giza [20], Fayoum [40], Beni Suef [30], Monofia [20], and Assiut [10]). The animals were grouped according to age and sex. Results: All examined donkeys were positive with at least one internal or even external parasitic species. The overall prevalence rate was 100%. A total of 11 helminths species (10 nematodes and 1 metacestode); 7 protozoal and 7 arthropod species were collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Livestock Health Series: Internal Parasites of the Horse
    DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Arkansas System FSA3096 Livestock Health Series Internal Parasites of the Horse Jeremy Powell Introduction a result. Of these herbivores, horses Associate Professor ­ usually harbor the largest worm Veterinarian The “normal” parasite burden of burdens, with worms from 40 or horses should be put into perspective, more species well represented. And, relative to the burdens of the other Mark Russell if the worms aren’t enough, horses also farm animals and man (Figure 1). Assistant Professor ­ serve as hosts to “bots,” insect larvae If man has one worm, that’s probably Animal Science that live in the horse’s mouth and one too many. Chickens generally host stomach during their parasitic exis­ worm totals rarely exceeding 300. tence prior to exiting the horse for a Cats and dogs harbor worms of 10 or short life as flies. more species, with total worm loads averaging about 500. Turkeys host The Parasites of the Horse average worm burdens of approxi­ mately 1,000 (all of only one species). In general, we can categorize Sheep, cattle and horses graze pas ­ horse parasites within eight cate­ tures. Therefore, by virtue of diet, these gories that account for more than animals consume the source of their 95 percent of the parasite presence in parasites on a con tinuous basis and horses. These groups are presented in carry extremely large worm burdens as Table 1. Figure 1. “Average” total worm burdens for selected hosts. Arkansas Is Our Campus Visit our web site at: https://www.uaex.uada.edu University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture, and County Governments Cooperating Table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Cell Cytokines and Equine Nematode Infections. Jenifer Dee Edmonds Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2001 T -Cell Cytokines and Equine Nematode Infections. Jenifer Dee Edmonds Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Edmonds, Jenifer Dee, "T -Cell Cytokines and Equine Nematode Infections." (2001). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 400. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/400 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]