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Improvement and Management of Teak and Sandalwood in PNG And

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Improvement and Management of Teak and Sandalwood in PNG And Final report project Improvement and management of teak and sandalwood in PNG and Australia project number FST/2014/069 date published 21 June 2021 prepared by Tony Page, University of the Sunshine Coast. co-authors/ David Lee, Braden Jenkin, Tony Burridge, Paul Macdonell, Anton Lata, Gedisa contributors/ Jeffrey, Sonia Inu, Wake Yelu, Ruth Turia, Dambis Kaip, Guduru Rome, Linden Oa, collaborators Claude Saliau, Simon Rollinson, Sylvester Kulang, Jaupo Minimulu, Daniel Waldi, Neville Howcroft, Simaima Kapi, Norbert Perry, John Rabbie, Inter Vinarut, Gesley Rivan and Alex Kuariri. approved by Dr Nora Devoe final report number FR2021-023 ISBN 978-1-922635-19-8 published by ACIAR GPO Box 1571 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia This publication is published by ACIAR ABN 34 864 955 427. Care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However ACIAR cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in the publication. You should make your own enquiries before making decisions concerning your interests. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) 2021 - This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from ACIAR, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, [email protected]. Final report: Improvement and management of teak and sandalwood in PNG and Australia Contents 1 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................. 3 2 Executive summary............................................................................................ 5 3 Background ........................................................................................................ 9 4 Objectives ......................................................................................................... 11 5 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 12 Objective 1: To advance the teak genetic improvement program in PNG through first generation selection to produce high quality germplasm. .................................................12 Objective 2. To ensure maximum realisation of genetic gains made by the project through the development of robust and smallholder appropriate silviculture..................................15 Objective 3. To develop capacity for an ongoing genetic improvement program for sandalwood in PNG. ..........................................................................................................17 Objective 4. To advance the sandalwood genetic improvement program in Cape York Peninsula for use by local landowners. .............................................................................22 Objective 5. To communicate and disseminate research outputs to improve uptake and impact. ................................................................................................................................23 6 Achievements against activities and outputs/milestones ............................. 25 7 Key results and discussion ............................................................................. 42 8 Impacts ............................................................................................................. 87 8.1 Scientific impacts – now and in 5 years. ............................................................................87 8.2 Capacity impacts – now and in 5 years. ............................................................................88 8.3 Community impacts – now and in 5 years .........................................................................91 8.4 Communication and dissemination activities .....................................................................96 9 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................... 98 9.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................98 9.2 Recommendations .............................................................................................................99 References ............................................................................................................... 101 9.3 References cited in report ................................................................................................101 9.4 List of publications produced by project ...........................................................................107 Page ii 1 Acknowledgments ACIAR are recognised for their very generous financial, technical and logistical support, with particular thanks going to Nora Devoe, Tony Bartlett, Rebecca Bogosia, Florence Rahiria and Doreen Iga. Projects like this and many others in PNG and the region are only made possible with the support of ACIAR, the Commonwealth of Australia and its taxpayers. We also acknowledge James Roshetko and Michael Poesi for their constructive feedback during the process of the End of Project Review. We would like to acknowledge the contributions of each of our project partners, as well as the people who assisted the project during its implementation phase. PNGFA:, Francis Vilamur, Nick Mitar, Luke Nakandio, Kennewton Kennedy, Tommy Kosi and Frank Agaru. OISCA: All field workers who worked tirelessly maintaining the OISCA teak woodlots. FRI: Martin Golman. WYA: Keteni Kuariri, Roselyn Nguangua. USC: Emma Kill, Brett Hodges and David Spencer. UWSyd: David Ellsworth. Ipima Ikaya Aboriginal Corporation: Nicholas Thompson, Traditional Owner and Deputy Chairman We also recognise the communities and their residents, who made significant contributions to the implementation of the project: East New Britain (multiple communities within the LLGs Bitapaka, Raluana, Reimber/ Livuan, Sinivit, Toma/ Vunadidir), Morobe (Situm), Madang (Aronis, Erima, Ohu, Bilbil, Danben, Milhanag), Central Province (Girabu and Kairuku) and Gulf Province (Iokea). ****************************************************************** This report is dedicated to Francis Vilamur (PNGFA), vocal in his support of the work and a valuable contributor to the project, who sadly passed away during the course of the project. ****************************************************************** Abbreviations and Acronyms AROB Autonomous Region of Bougainville OISCA Org. for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement AUD Australian Dollar (currency) p20 Code candidate plus tree clones for teak Bmde Branch Mode (tree form category) Paxis Persistence of Axis (tree form category) BSz Branch size (tree form category) PGK Papua New Guinea Kina (currency) CDEP Community Development Employment PGPD National Tree Planting Initiative (PNGFA) Projects 'Painim Giraun na Planim Diwai' (Secure land for Tree Planting) CYP Cape York Peninsula PNG Papua New Guinea DBH Diameter at breast height (1.3m) over Qld Queensland bark DAF Dept. of Agriculture and Fisheries SED Small end diameter Queensland ENB East New Britain Province s39 Code selected clones for teak FA Papua New Guinea Forest Authority StS Stem straightness of primary axis (tree form category) FPCD Foundation for People for Community UNRE Papua New Guinea University of Natural Development Resources and Environment FRI Papua New Guinea Forest Research UWSyd University of Western Sydney Institute ICT Information Communication USC University of the Sunshine Coast Technology IOM International Organization for WNB West New Britain Province Migration IRR Internal Rate of Return WP Western Province KPA Kariuku Project Area WUE Water Use Efficiency MAI Mean Annual Increment WYA Women and Youth in Agriculture MTA Material Transfer Agreement OISCA Org. for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement Page 3 NARI PNG National Agricultural Research p20 Code candidate plus tree clones for teak Institute NPA Northern Peninsula Area of Cape York Paxis Persistence of Axis (tree form category) PGK Papua New Guinea Kina (currency) Page 4 2 Executive summary Many lowland forests in PNG have been commercially logged and further exploited for local use and/or cleared for agriculture. This has led to localised shortages of forest products for local use, and reduced income opportunities through sale into domestic and export markets. Smallholder-led commercial forestry offers the potential to address these shortages and diversify income. This ACIAR project was designed to respond to this opportunity for three key commercial species (a) teak (Tectona grandis), (b) PNG sandalwood (Santalum macgregorii) and (c) CYP sandalwood (S. lanceolatum). The project aimed to address the following research objectives: (1) advance the teak genetic improvement program in PNG, (2) develop robust and smallholder-appropriate silviculture, (3) develop capacity for an ongoing genetic improvement program for sandalwood in PNG (4) advance the sandalwood genetic improvement program in Cape York Peninsula for use by local landowners, and (5) communicate and disseminate research outputs to improve uptake and impact. PNG Teak Smallholder teak production in PNG has been constrained by the availability of high quality seed supply. To address this limitation the project (a) identified and captured teak plus-tree clones (UNRE & FRI) (b) established teak clonal archives (UNRE & FRI), (c) established genetically diverse provenance-based (OISCA) and clonal stands (UNRE & FRI) and (d) deployed germplasm
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