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Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Villanova University School of Law: Digital Repository Volume 20 Issue 2 Article 4 2013 Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech? The Ultimate Fighting Championship and its Struggle Against the State of New York Over the Message of Mixed Martial Arts Daniel Berger Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the First Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Daniel Berger, Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech? The Ultimate Fighting Championship and its Struggle Against the State of New York Over the Message of Mixed Martial Arts, 20 Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports L.J. 381 (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj/vol20/iss2/4 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. \\jciprod01\productn\V\VLS\20-2\VLS204.txt unknown Seq: 1 14-JUN-13 13:05 Berger: Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech? The Ul Articles CONSTITUTIONAL COMBAT: IS FIGHTING A FORM OF FREE SPEECH? THE ULTIMATE FIGHTING CHAMPIONSHIP AND ITS STRUGGLE AGAINST THE STATE OF NEW YORK OVER THE MESSAGE OF MIXED MARTIAL ARTS DANIEL BERGER* I. INTRODUCTION The promotion-company -
Ufc Fight Night Features Exciting Middleweight Bout
® UFC FIGHT NIGHT FEATURES EXCITING MIDDLEWEIGHT BOUT ® AND THE ULTIMATE FIGHTER FINALE ON FOX SPORTS 1 APRIL 16 Two-Hour Premiere of THE ULTIMATE FIGHTER: TEAM EDGAR VS. TEAM PENN Follows Fights on FOX Sports 1 LOS ANGELES, CA – Two seasons of THE ULTIMATE FIGHTER® converge on FOX Sports 1 on Wednesday, April 16, when UFC FIGHT NIGHT®: BISPING VS. KENNEDY features THE ULTIMATE FIGHTER NATIONS welterweight and middleweight finals, the coaches’ fight and an exciting headliner between No. 5-ranked middleweight Michael Bisping (25-5) and No. 8- ranked Tim Kennedy (17-4). FOX Sports 1 carries the preliminary bouts beginning at 5:00 PM ET, followed by the main card at 7:00 PM ET from Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. Immediately following UFC FIGHT NIGHT: BISPING VS. KENNEDY is the two-hour season premiere of THE ULTIMATE FIGHTER®: TEAM EDGAR vs. TEAM PENN (10:00 PM ET), highlighting 16 middleweights and 16 light heavyweights battling for a spot on the team of either former lightweight champion Frankie Edgar or two-division champion BJ Penn. UFC on FOX analyst Brian Stann believes the headliner between Bisping and Kennedy is a toss-up. “Kennedy has one of the best top games in mixed martial arts and he’s showcased his knockout power in his last fight against Rafael Natal. Bisping is one of the best all-around mixed martial artists in the middleweight division. Every time people start to count him out, he comes in and wins fights.” In addition to the main event between Bisping and Kennedy, UFC FIGHT NIGHT consists of 12 more thrilling matchups including THE ULTIMATE FIGHTER NATIONS Team Canada coach Patrick Cote (20-8) and Team Australia coach Kyle Noke (20-6-1) in an exciting welterweight bout. -
UFC Fight Night: Dos Anjos Vs
UFC Fight Night: Dos Anjos vs. Alvarez Live Main Card Highlights UFC 200 Fight Week Coverage on Fight Network Toronto – Fight Network, the world’s premier 24/7 multi- platform channel dedicated to complete coverage of combat sports, today announced extensive live coverage for UFC International Fight Week™ in Las Vegas, the biggest week in UFC history, highlighted by a live broadcast of the main card for UFC FIGHT NIGHT®: DOS ANJOS vs. ALVAREZ from the MGM Grand Garden Arena on Thursday, July 7 at 10 p.m. ET, plus the live prelims for THE ULTIMATE FIGHTER FINALE®: Team Joanna vs. Team Claudia on Friday, July 8 at 8 p.m. ET. Fight Network will air the live UFC FIGHT NIGHT®: DOS ANJOS vs. ALVAREZ main card across Canada on July 7 at 10 p.m. ET, preceded by a live Pre-Show at 9 p.m. ET. In the main event, dominant UFC lightweight champion Rafael dos Anjos (24-7) puts his championship on the line in a five- round barnburner against top contender Eddie Alvarez (27-4). In other featured bouts, Roy “Big Country” Nelson (22-12) throws down with Derrick “The Black Beast” Lewis (15-4, 1NC) in an explosive heavyweight collision, Alan Jouban (13-4) takes on undefeated Belal Muhammad (9-0) in a welterweight affair, plus “Irish” Joe Duffy (14-2) welcomes Canada’s Mitch “Danger Zone” Clarke (11-3) back to action in a lightweight matchup. Live fight week coverage begins on Wednesday, July 6 at 2 p.m. ET with a live presentation of the final UFC 200 pre-fight press conference, featuring UFC president Dana White and main card superstars Jon Jones, Daniel Cormier, Brock Lesnar, Mark Hunt, Miesha Tate, Amanda Nunes, Jose Aldo and Frankie Edgar. -
Perspectives on Mixed Martial Arts Hearing Committee On
PERSPECTIVES ON MIXED MARTIAL ARTS HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DIGITAL COMMERCE AND CONSUMER PROTECTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 9, 2017 Serial No. 115–76 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce energycommerce.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 28–335 WASHINGTON : 2018 VerDate Nov 24 2008 10:40 May 30, 2018 Jkt 037690 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 I:\MY DOCS\HEARINGS 115\HEARINGS\115-76 CHRIS COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE GREG WALDEN, Oregon Chairman JOE BARTON, Texas FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey Vice Chairman Ranking Member FRED UPTON, Michigan BOBBY L. RUSH, Illinois JOHN SHIMKUS, Illinois ANNA G. ESHOO, California MICHAEL C. BURGESS, Texas ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee GENE GREEN, Texas STEVE SCALISE, Louisiana DIANA DEGETTE, Colorado ROBERT E. LATTA, Ohio MICHAEL F. DOYLE, Pennsylvania CATHY MCMORRIS RODGERS, Washington JANICE D. SCHAKOWSKY, Illinois GREGG HARPER, Mississippi G.K. BUTTERFIELD, North Carolina LEONARD LANCE, New Jersey DORIS O. MATSUI, California BRETT GUTHRIE, Kentucky KATHY CASTOR, Florida PETE OLSON, Texas JOHN P. SARBANES, Maryland DAVID B. MCKINLEY, West Virginia JERRY MCNERNEY, California ADAM KINZINGER, Illinois PETER WELCH, Vermont H. MORGAN GRIFFITH, Virginia BEN RAY LUJA´ N, New Mexico GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida PAUL TONKO, New York BILL JOHNSON, Ohio YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York BILLY LONG, Missouri DAVID LOEBSACK, Iowa LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana KURT SCHRADER, Oregon BILL FLORES, Texas JOSEPH P. KENNEDY, III, Massachusetts SUSAN W. BROOKS, Indiana TONY CA´ RDENAS, California MARKWAYNE MULLIN, Oklahoma RAUL RUIZ, California RICHARD HUDSON, North Carolina SCOTT H. -
2015 Topps UFC Chronicles Checklist
BASE FIGHTER CARDS 1 Royce Gracie 2 Gracie vs Jimmerson 3 Dan Severn 4 Royce Gracie 5 Don Frye 6 Vitor Belfort 7 Dan Henderson 8 Matt Hughes 9 Andrei Arlovski 10 Jens Pulver 11 BJ Penn 12 Robbie Lawler 13 Rich Franklin 14 Nick Diaz 15 Georges St-Pierre 16 Patrick Côté 17 The Ultimate Fighter 1 18 Forrest Griffin 19 Forrest Griffin 20 Stephan Bonnar 21 Rich Franklin 22 Diego Sanchez 23 Hughes vs Trigg II 24 Nate Marquardt 25 Thiago Alves 26 Chael Sonnen 27 Keith Jardine 28 Rashad Evans 29 Rashad Evans 30 Joe Stevenson 31 Ludwig vs Goulet 32 Michael Bisping 33 Michael Bisping 34 Arianny Celeste 35 Anderson Silva 36 Martin Kampmann 37 Joe Lauzon 38 Clay Guida 39 Thales Leites 40 Mirko Cro Cop 41 Rampage Jackson 42 Frankie Edgar 43 Lyoto Machida 44 Roan Carneiro 45 St-Pierre vs Serra 46 Fabricio Werdum 47 Dennis Siver 48 Anthony Johnson 49 Cole Miller 50 Nate Diaz 51 Gray Maynard 52 Nate Diaz 53 Gray Maynard 54 Minotauro Nogueira 55 Rampage vs Henderson 56 Maurício Shogun Rua 57 Demian Maia 58 Bisping vs Evans 59 Ben Saunders 60 Soa Palelei 61 Tim Boetsch 62 Silva vs Henderson 63 Cain Velasquez 64 Shane Carwin 65 Matt Brown 66 CB Dollaway 67 Amir Sadollah 68 CB Dollaway 69 Dan Miller 70 Fitch vs Larson 71 Jim Miller 72 Baron vs Miller 73 Junior Dos Santos 74 Rafael dos Anjos 75 Ryan Bader 76 Tom Lawlor 77 Efrain Escudero 78 Ryan Bader 79 Mark Muñoz 80 Carlos Condit 81 Brian Stann 82 TJ Grant 83 Ross Pearson 84 Ross Pearson 85 Johny Hendricks 86 Todd Duffee 87 Jake Ellenberger 88 John Howard 89 Nik Lentz 90 Ben Rothwell 91 Alexander Gustafsson -
Customer Acquisition Strategies and Tactics
CHAPTER 5 Customer Acquisition Strategies and Tactics anaging customer acquisition consists of a variety of interrelated tasks and activities. Among the more important are pricing programs, advertising, alternative and direct marketing M systems, sales promotions, and personal selling methods. Based on the solid foundation of developing a customer-oriented company, customer acquisition creates the lifeline of sales and return visits vital to a company’s long-term success. The product life cycle model remains an important tool for understanding how to acquire customers. The introduction, growth, maturity, and decline stages of the cycle necessitate careful responses and strategies from the marketing team. Customer acquisition provides a key response to the challenges of competition, especially in the maturity stage of the product life cycle. At every point, companies face the demands of keeping current customers balanced with using tactics to find new customers. In general, three basic forms of customer acquisition are 1. developing existing or new markets, 2. developing existing or new products, and 3. branding programs. y Identifying Markets Customers are acquired through the analysis of existing markets and new markets. New customers can be located in existing markets. Some may be found through the efforts to increase brand switch- ing. Others can be identified when new needs arise as situations change, such as when television programming shifted from analog to digital signals. Further, a product may be featured as being different and better, which is the product differentiation approach to attracting new customers in existing markets. 99 100 CASES IN MARKETING MANAGEMENT Finding new markets, the second approach to identifying markets, consists of geographic expansion into domestic markets and international markets. -
Ufc Welterweight Champion Tyron Woodley, Former
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: John Stouffer Tuesday, Oct. 31, 2017 [email protected] UFC WELTERWEIGHT CHAMPION TYRON WOODLEY, FORMER MIDDLEWEIGHT CHAMPION CHRIS WEIDMAN JOIN AS FOX SPORTS DESK ANALYSTS WITH KENNY FLORIAN & HOST KARYN BRYANT FOR UFC 217: BISPING VS. GSP UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Daniel Cormier Calls Fights with Analyst Joe Rogan and Blow-by-Blow Announcer Jon Anik UFC TONIGHT, UFC 217 FIGHT NIGHT PREFIGHT and POSTFIGHT SHOWS Live From New York City Los Angeles – Today, FOX Sports announces its broadcast team for UFC 217: BISPING VS. GSP on FS1 and FOX Deportes this Friday and Saturday. Current UFC welterweight champion Tyron Woodley (@TWooodley), former middleweight champion Chris Weidman (@ChrisWeidmanUFC) and retired contender Kenny Florian (@KennyFlorian) serve as FOX Sports desk analysts with host Karyn Bryant (@KarynBryant) live from New York City. UFC light heavyweight champion Daniel Cormier (@dc_mma) joins analyst Joe Rogan (@JoeRogan) and blow-by-blow announcer Jon Anik (@Jon_Anik) to call UFC 217: BISPING VS. GSP on Saturday live from Madison Square Garden. Reporter Megan Olivi (@MeganOlivi) interviews fighters on-site. UFC bantamweight Erik “Goyito” Perez (@Goyito_Perez), Santiago Ponzinibbio (@SPonzinibbioMMA) and Victor Davila (@mastervic10) call the Spanish language telecast on FOX Deportes. In the UFC 217 main event, middleweight champion Michael Bisping (31-7) faces returning Canadian legend Georges St-Pierre (25-2). After a career-best year in 2016, in which he beat superstars Anderson Silva and Dan Henderson and scored a knockout of Luke Rockhold that earned him the UFC middleweight crown, Bisping attempts to add another superstar, St-Pierre, to his resume. -
Ufc 153 Weights
UFC 153 WEIGHTS Las Vegas, Nevada – The Ultimate Fighting Championship® organization returns to Pay-Per- View tomorrow when the world’s greatest martial artist – long-reigning UFC middleweight king Anderson “The Spider” Silva – steps up to light heavyweight to face Stephan “The American Psycho” Bonnar. The three-round special attraction is the main event of the six-fight UFC 153 event. This afternoon in Rio, the fighters hit the scales for the official weigh-in. Official weights were: UFC 153 Pay-Per-View (7pm/10pm PT/ET) Light heavyweight: Anderson Silva (202 pounds) vs. Stephan Bonnar (205 pounds) Heavyweight: Minotauro Nogueira (243 pounds) vs Dave Herman (244 pounds) Light heavyweight: Glover Teixeira (204 pounds) vs Fabio Maldonado (203 pounds) Welterweight: Jon Fitch (170 pounds) vs. Erick Silva (169 pounds) Light heavyweight: Phil Davis (206 pounds) vs. Wagner Prado (204 pounds) Welterweight: Demian Maia (170 pounds) vs. Rick Story (170 pounds) FX Prelims (live on FX in USA, 5pm/8pm PT/ET) Welterweight: Rony “Jason” (145 pounds) vs. Sam Sicilia (146 pounds) Lightweight: Gleison Tibau (155 pounds) vs. Francisco Trinaldo (154 pounds) Featherweight: Diego Brandao (144 pounds) vs. Joey Gambino (146 pounds) Welterweight: Sergio Moraes (169 pounds) vs Renee Forte (169 pound) Facebook Fights (4pm/7pm PT/ET) Middleweight: Luiz Cane (184 pounds) vs Chris Camozzi (185 pounds) Lightweight Cristiano Marcello (155 pounds) vs Reza Madadi (155 pounds) Flash quotes: Anderson Silva, UFC middleweight champion, fights at light heavyweight tomorrow: “I owe this fight to all my fans and I can’t wait to fight.” Stephan Bonnar, UFC light heavyweight: “I always fight my ass off and tomorrow is going to be no different. -
Why Is This Called a Sport? Blood Gore Ultimate Fighting Choke Punch Kick Pummel Fighting Choke Punch Kick Pummel
WHY IS THIS CALLED A SPORT? BLOOD GORE ULTIMATE FIGHTING CHOKE PUNCH KICK PUMMEL FIGHTING CHOKE PUNCH KICK PUMMEL UFC capitalizes on the primal urge to watch men beat each other senseless, and is now worth $1.5-billion after being bought for $2-million eight years ago. James Christie explores the world inside and outside the octagon. From Saturday's Globe and Mail Last updated on Monday, Jul. 20, 2009 04:09AM EDT The Ultimate Fighting Championship is the sports world's version of a traffic accident. It's a bloody, brutal, violent spectacle, and people can't help but look. Learned social behaviour tells us it's uncivilized to watch as men pound each other into pâté inside an octagonal cage, let alone cheer madly as a losing combatant turns into a hematoma. Yet for the broadcast of UFC 100 from Las Vegas last weekend, young men lined up five deep in upscale downtown watering holes - not low-end beer joints - to scream and howl as combatants were pummelled and choked into unconsciousness. During one match, fighter Dan Henderson knocked opponent Michael Bisping unconscious and then - "Just to shut him up a little," Henderson said later - raised himself on his toes before dropping down to lay another blow on Bisping's still body. "It's a phenomenon that allows people to take part vicariously in the type of behaviour that, on the street, would get you a jail sentence," says Geoff Smith, a cultural historian and retired Queen's University professor. Whatever the draw, "like crack, it's growing exponentially," says Joel Gerson, five- time Canadian jujitsu champion and owner of Revolution MMA, a mixed martial arts club in Toronto. -
22 Las Vegas Weekly October 19-25, 2006 Photograph By
22 LAS VEGAS WEEKLY PHOTOGRAPH BY BENJAMEN PURVIS OCTOBER 19-25, 2006 OCTOBER 19-25, 2006 PHOTOGRAPH BY WESLEY GATBONTON LAS VEGAS WEEKLY 23 As mixed martial arts becomes a phenomenon in the U.S., Las Vegas is poised to become its capital BY JOSHUA LONGOBARDY SINCE THE EARLY ’70s, when Bruce bearing maximal cleavage; and of course Lee incorporated various disciplines of the celebrities, like Carey Hart and Jenna unarmed combat into his karate style, the Jameson. Most of whom had shown up for sport of mixed martial arts has been BIG. the actual fights, and not just the social Like Tyson-Holyfield II BIG. Like NCAA event UFC’s shows have become. Final Four Championships BIG. Like “The last boxing match I worked as part Super Bowl BIG. (Think 90,000 insatiable of the Nevada State Athletic Commission fans at Tokyo National Stadium for Pride was the Oscar De La Hoya-Ricardo Fighting Championship’s Shockwave/ Mayorga fight (which, you know, was a Dynamite event, cheering and anguish- major event), and at the first match of the ing as if the world depended on the out- undercard there was no more than 500 come of each fight.) people scattered across the arena,” said But just not in America, where mixed Marc Ratner, who attended thousands of martial arts—otherwise known as fights as executive director of the NSAC. MMA—is just starting to grow. It used “But at the Liddell-Sobral fight, there was to be that fighters like Heath Herring a good 5,000 watching the first fight.” and Kevin Randleman, two Las Vegas And they stayed to watch the main guys who do combat with more than just event, with volcanic enthusiasm—the type their hands, and without anything to of noise and energy typical of big American assist them but four- to six-ounce gloves spectacles and consistent with the atmo- on their knuckles, had to go east, to the sphere of the Strip—cheering on Liddell as other side of the world, where mixed he waged battle with the challenger inside Chuck Liddell gives his warmest regards to Babalu Sobral. -
Ufc Gym® Announces Exclusive Partnership with Td Lifestyle to Develop Locations Throughout United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
For Immediate Release March 15th 2018 UFC GYM® ANNOUNCES EXCLUSIVE PARTNERSHIP WITH TD LIFESTYLE TO DEVELOP LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT UNITED KINGDOM AND REPUBLIC OF IRELAND London, England – UFC GYM® today announced an exclusive 10-year partnership with TD Lifestyle plc., to open more than 100 locations throughout the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. This landmark collaboration to bring UFC GYM locations to Europe will make history as the largest development partnership in UFC GYM history. “We are thrilled to announce this exclusive partnership and expand UFC GYM’s global footprint throughout Europe,” UFC GYM President Adam Sedlack said. “This historic partnership serves as a milestone and an opportunity for both UFC and UFC GYM brands, as the U.K. and Ireland markets host a significant population of MMA fans and fitness enthusiasts. It’s an honor for UFC GYM to bring its revolutionary style of fitness to new regions and continually grow our Train Different philosophy!” Since debuting in 2009, UFC GYM has opened more than 150 locations throughout the United States, Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Chile, Mexico, Oman, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, the United Arab Emirates. “UFC GYM’s are an amazing way for individuals and families to work out and get in shape together,” former UFC middleweight champion Michael Bisping said. “We have a lot of different training programs suitable for all ages and we’re excited to finally bring our unique brand of fitness to the U.K. and Ireland.” With three club formats – designated as Signature, Core and Class – club members will benefit from a full-range of functional fitness classes, group and private MMA training, group fitness, personal and group dynamic performance-based training, plus MMA youth programming, UFC GYM creates training programs to fit all ages and fitness levels. -
Legalization of Cage Fighting in New York Dear State Assembly Member
January 10, 2012 Re: Legalization of cage fighting in New York Dear State Assembly Member: We are writing you to raise concerns about renewed efforts by Zuffa LLC, the parent company of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), to legalize cage fighting in the State of New York. You are no doubt aware that the State of New York banned cage fighting in 1997. We urge you to continue to uphold the ban on cage fighting, given that the UFC, the largest promoter of cage fighting events in the U.S., has failed to demonstrate that it is willing to ensure its fighters behave in a socially responsible way, even as the company expressly markets its fights and fighters to children. We believe that the UFC contributes to a culture of violence against women, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people. Children, in particular, should not be exposed to the homophobic, misogynistic and violent language that has been permitted by the UFC. Please see the following website, UFC = Unfit For Children (www.UnfitForChildren.org), for more information. Some examples of anti-gay and anti-women statements by people associated with the UFC include the following: In videos, UFC light heavyweight Quinton “Rampage” Jackson repeatedly urged Japanese fans to repeat an anti-gay slur.1 The fans, who do not appear to understand English, repeated the anti-gay slur at Jackson’s urging. In one video, Jackson instructed a Japanese man to say, “Goodbye, I want you to piss on my face.”2 Recently, a UFC fighter taunted his opponent by threatening to act like former Penn State assistant football coach Jerry Sandusky, who has been charged with 52 counts of molesting boys.