DOCSLIB.ORG

Climate Change and Our Natural Resources a Report from the Treaty Tribes in Western Washington

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Climate Change and Our Natural Resources a Report from the Treaty Tribes in Western Washington Climate Change and Our Natural Resources A Report from the Treaty Tribes in Western Washington November 2016 Front cover images (Top left, clockwise): Mary Leitka, Hoh tribal member, bundles cedar bark for use in weaving baskets; Quinault tribal fisherman Sam Goodman works his fishing net on the Quinault River early in the blueback, or sockeye, fishing season; the Pacific Ocean. Photos: Debbie Preston, NWIFC. Adult chum. Photo: Fran Wilshusen, NWIFC. Climate Change and Our Natural Resources TABLE OF CONTENTS Principal Message ...................................................................................................................................................................iv Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................................................v Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................v Climate Change Impacts to Tribal Rights and Resources ..........................................................................................................v Global Warming and Regional Climate Change ....................................................................................................................vi Moving Forward ...............................................................................................................................................................vi 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................1 2. The Treaty Tribes and Our Homelands .....................................................................................................................................1 2.1 Physical Setting ............................................................................................................................................................1 2.2 Ecological Setting ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 The Changing Landscape ............................................................................................................................................ 3 2.4 Tribal Sovereignty and Treaty Rights ............................................................................................................................... 4 3. Global Warming and Climate Change .................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Observations of a Warming World ................................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 Pacific Northwest Climate Trends .................................................................................................................................. 6 3.3 Regional Climate Projections ........................................................................................................................................ 6 3.4 Overview of Implications for Treaty-Protected Resources .................................................................................................. 7 4. Freshwater Aquatic Environments .......................................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 4.2 People of the Salmon .................................................................................................................................................. 8 4.3 Snowpack and Glaciers ............................................................................................................................................... 9 4.4 Stream Temperatures .................................................................................................................................................. 11 4.5 Streamflow Patterns ....................................................................................................................................................12 Taking Action: Jamestown S’Klallam Tribe’s Strategy for Dungeness River Floodplain Protection and Restoration .............................16 4.6 Sediment in Streams ...................................................................................................................................................17 4.7 Freshwater Wetlands ..................................................................................................................................................18 4.8 Resilience in Freshwater Environments ..........................................................................................................................19 Taking Action: Nooksack Indian Tribe Climate Change Research .............................................................................................21 5. Coastal and Marine Environments ....................................................................................................................................... 22 5.1 Chapter Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 22 5.2 When the Tide is Out, the Table is Set .......................................................................................................................... 22 5.3 Ocean Temperatures ................................................................................................................................................. 22 5.4 Sea Level Rise ........................................................................................................................................................... 25 Taking Action: Storm Surge at the Quinault Indian Nation Village of Taholah ............................................................................ 28 5.5 Ocean Acidification ................................................................................................................................................... 29 Taking Action: Makah Tribe Ocean Acidification Research ......................................................................................................31 5.6 Coastal Hypoxia ....................................................................................................................................................... 32 5.7 Resilience in Coastal and Marine Environments ............................................................................................................. 32 Taking Action: Lummi Nation Wetland and Habitat Mitigation Bank ....................................................................................... 34 6. Terrestrial and Upland Environments .................................................................................................................................... 35 6.1 Chapter Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 35 6.2 The Tree of Life .......................................................................................................................................................... 35 6.3 Shifts in egetationV Ranges ......................................................................................................................................... 37 6.4 Shifts in ildlifeW Ranges ............................................................................................................................................. 38 6.5 Productivity and Phenology ........................................................................................................................................ 39 6.6 Wildfire.................................................................................................................................................................... 39 6.7 Disease and Pests ...................................................................................................................................................... 40 A Report from the Treaty Tribes in Western Washington i TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.) 6.8 Landslides and Mass Movement ...................................................................................................................................41 6.9 Resilience in Terrestrial Environments ............................................................................................................................41 Taking Action: Swinomish Indian Tribal Community Forest Resilience ....................................................................................... 42 7. Impacts Across the Landscape ............................................................................................................................................. 43 7.1 Chapter Summary ...................................................................................................................................................... 43 7.2 Interactions with Existing Ecological Stressors ..............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2017-18 Olympic Peninsula Travel Planner
    Welcome! Photo: John Gussman Photo: Explore Olympic National Park, hiking trails & scenic drives Connect Wildlife, local cuisine, art & native culture Relax Ocean beaches, waterfalls, hot springs & spas Play Kayak, hike, bicycle, fish, surf & beachcomb Learn Interpretive programs & museums Enjoy Local festivals, wine & cider tasting, Twilight BRITISH COLUMBIA VANCOUVER ISLAND BRITISH COLUMBIA IDAHO 5 Discover Olympic Peninsula magic 101 WASHINGTON from lush Olympic rain forests, wild ocean beaches, snow-capped 101 mountains, pristine lakes, salmon-spawning rivers and friendly 90 towns along the way. Explore this magical area and all it has to offer! 5 82 This planner contains highlights of the region. E R PACIFIC OCEAN PACIFIC I V A R U M B I Go to OlympicPeninsula.org to find more O L C OREGON details and to plan your itinerary. 84 1 Table of Contents Welcome .........................................................1 Table of Contents .............................................2 This is Olympic National Park ............................2 Olympic National Park ......................................4 Olympic National Forest ...................................5 Quinault Rain Forest & Kalaloch Beaches ...........6 Forks, La Push & Hoh Rain Forest .......................8 Twilight ..........................................................9 Strait of Juan de Fuca Nat’l Scenic Byway ........ 10 Joyce, Clallam Bay/Sekiu ................................ 10 Neah Bay/Cape Flattery .................................. 11 Port Angeles, Lake Crescent
    [Show full text]
  • Chsda Cowlitz It Pub
    67884 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 243 / Monday, December 21, 2009 / Notices Secretary of Health and Human be made available by the IHS to include Columbia County in the State of Services. Information about the RoC and members of an identified Indian Oregon, and Kittitas and Wahkiakum the review process is available on its community who reside in the area. Counties in the State of Washington. Web site (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/ Residence with a CHSDA or SDA by a Under 42 CFR 136.23 those otherwise roc) or by contacting Dr. Lunn (see FOR person who is within the scope of the eligible Indians who do not reside on a FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT above). Indian health program, as set forth in 42 reservation but reside within a CHSDA Dated: December 9, 2009. CFR 136.12, creates no legal entitlement must be either members of the Tribe or John R. Bucher, to contract health services but only maintain close economic and social ties potential eligibility for services. Associate Director, National Toxicology with the Tribe. In this case, the Tribe Program. Services needed but not available at a estimates the current eligible population IHS/Tribal facility are provided under [FR Doc. E9–30300 Filed 12–18–09; 8:45 am] will be increased by 35 individuals’ the CHS program depending on the enrolled Cowlitz members who are BILLING CODE 4140–01–P availability of funds, the person’s actively involved with the Tribe, but not relative medical priority, and the actual eligible for health services. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND availability and accessibility of alternate In applying the aforementioned HUMAN SERVICES resources in accordance with the CHSDA re-designation criteria required regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • History & Culture
    Tatoosh Island & Lighthouse Washington Cape Flattery 10 Neah Bay Vancouver Island State Route 112 8 Victoria Neah Bay Au to and Hobuck Beach 9 Makah Makah Strait of Juan de Fuca Bay Reservation P The Strait of Sooes Ri assenger-Only Sekiu 112 Point Clallam Shi Shi Beach ve Bay 5 r 6 Point of er Clallam Bay the Arches Sekiu F DE o Riv erries UAN k J FUCA Ho Ozette Indian Hoko-Ozette Pillar Point Cape Pysht Alava Reservation Road HIGHWAY r Pysht River Crescent Ozette ve Bay Island 7 Big Ri The Working Forest 2 Freshwater West Twin Striped 113 4 3 Bay Ediz Hook Sand Point Dickey River Peak Port Lake Lake Beaver Lake East Twin Lyre River Angeles ITINERARY #1 Ozette River Joyce 112 Olympic Salt Creek Lake Sappho er Pleasant Fairholm 1 National er 101 rk 101 Lake Crescent Riv Park Fo Riv Lake HISTORY & CULTURE ckey Beaver To Seattle Sol Duc Riv er Sutherland Di East ckey Di ah River Heart O’ the orth Fork Calaw S N Summer Hills Ranger y y Onl Station Summer Only Mora Olympic National Forest S Hurricane Ranger Sol Duc Hot Springs Ridge 1. ElwhaStation River Interpretive Center This self-guided Scenterol Duc Falls presents an overview of the largest Highway 112 has Rialto Beach Forks Elwha Ri U.S. Forest Service and Quileute Indian 110 National Park Service River ve damRese removalrvation and restoration project in the Unitedk Calaw ahStates occurring on the nearby Elwha River.r Nature trails lead Information Station South For Olympic National Park La Push Bogachiel Map Legend from the parking lot to views ofState the Park Elwha River gorge and the former Elwha Dam site.
    [Show full text]
  • Watershed Plan
    CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND This watershed plan for the Hoko-Lyre Watershed provides a comprehensive review and evaluation of vital water resources in Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 19 and lays the groundwork for future management and stewardship of these resources. Located on the Olympic Peninsula (see Figure 1-1), WRIA 19 is a beautiful and remote area with few human inhabitants, though it carries a legacy of large- scale logging throughout the region. Based on the review of water resources, this plan outlines steps for ensuring the optimum ongoing use of the watershed’s surface waters and groundwater in a way that balances water needs for human use and environmental protection. An overview of the important characteristics of WRIA 19 is provided below. Appendix A provides more detailed descriptions of WRIA 19 features that are important for consideration in a watershed plan. Figure 1-1. WRIA 19 and Subbasins 1.1 WHY WAS THIS PLAN DEVELOPED? In 1998, the Washington State Legislature created the Watershed Management Act (Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 90.82) to support local communities in addressing water resource management issues. The act established a voluntary watershed management planning process for the major river basins in the state. The goal of the planning process is to support economic growth while promoting water availability and quality. The Act encourages local governments and interested groups and citizens to assess basin water resources and develop strategies for managing them. The Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) defined boundaries that divide the state into WRIAs, which correspond to the watersheds of major rivers, and established funding for groups in each WRIA that choose to undertake the planning process (funding is broken down by phases of the planning 1-1 WRIA 19 Watershed Plan… effort, as described in Appendix B).
    [Show full text]
  • Where the Water Meets the Land: Between Culture and History in Upper Skagit Aboriginal Territory
    Where the Water Meets the Land: Between Culture and History in Upper Skagit Aboriginal Territory by Molly Sue Malone B.A., Dartmouth College, 2005 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (Anthropology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2013 © Molly Sue Malone, 2013 Abstract Upper Skagit Indian Tribe are a Coast Salish fishing community in western Washington, USA, who face the challenge of remaining culturally distinct while fitting into the socioeconomic expectations of American society, all while asserting their rights to access their aboriginal territory. This dissertation asks a twofold research question: How do Upper Skagit people interact with and experience the aquatic environment of their aboriginal territory, and how do their experiences with colonization and their cultural practices weave together to form a historical consciousness that orients them to their lands and waters and the wider world? Based on data from three methods of inquiry—interviews, participant observation, and archival research—collected over sixteen months of fieldwork on the Upper Skagit reservation in Sedro-Woolley, WA, I answer this question with an ethnography of the interplay between culture, history, and the land and waterscape that comprise Upper Skagit aboriginal territory. This interplay is the process of historical consciousness, which is neither singular nor sedentary, but rather an understanding of a world in flux made up of both conscious and unconscious thoughts that shape behavior. I conclude that the ways in which Upper Skagit people interact with what I call the waterscape of their aboriginal territory is one of their major distinctive features as a group.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter of the Council of the Haida Nation December 2014
    DAAWUUXUSDA: 2014 HOUSE OF WE DO MAKE A WHAT’S AT STAKE ASSEMBLY DIFFERENCE pg 4 pg 5 pg 10 HAIDA LAAS Newsletter of the Council of the Haida Nation December 2014 In May of this year, at the Haida Gwaii Youth Assembly, Team Energy drafted a resolution to ban plastic grocery bags in Gaauu and Hlgaagilda to reduce pollution and protect marine life. The resolution was passed at the October House of Assembly. Please see insert for details. L-R: Jordan Stewart-Burton, Bilal Issa, Robert Bennett, Jessica Valentinsen, Adam Stewart, Kevin Brown, Ashley Jacobson, Eric Markham, and Heidi Marks. Haida Laas - Newsletter of the Council of the Haida Nation A Part of the Whole A short introduction to the World Parks Congress, 2014 In May of this year, kil tlaats ‘gaa Peter Lantin, President of the Haida Nation, was invited and sponsored by The Nature Conservancy to be part of a delegation attending the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Parks Congress in Sydney, Australia (November 12 -19, 2014). President Lantin was accompanied by Sonia Rice of the CHN Heritage and Natural Resource Department and Nang Jingwas Russ Jones of the Marine HAIDA LAAS Planning Department. NEWSLETTER of the COUNCIL OF THE HAIDA NATION published by the The World Parks Congress occurs every 10 years; the last gathering took place in Durban, Council of the Haida Nation South Africa in 2003. The focus of the Haida Nation’s participation in this global event was to speak about Interim Program Manager the protected areas of Haida Gwaii, including Gwaii Haanas (both land and ocean) and the Graham Richard protected areas created under the Kunst’aa guu Kunst’aayah Reconciliation Protocol.
    [Show full text]
  • Vgfw2006.Pdf
    2 FALL 2006/WINTER 2007 NORTH OLYMPIC PENINSULA NEWCOMERS’ AND VISITORS’ GUIDE 6A275232 DISCOVERDISCOVER an INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL VAVACATIONCATION Port Angeles-Victoria Passenger/Vehicle Ferry Spring/Summer/Fall Year 2006 Daily round trip passenger and vehicle service from Port Angeles, WA to Victoria, BC since 1959. For schedule and online reservations please visit us on our website at www.ferrytovictoria.com or www.cohoferry.com or call our Port Angeles office at 360-457-4491 or Victoria at 250-386-2202. Identification is required for U.S.. and Canadian Customs and Immigration. It is strongly recommende d if possible to use a passport. However, at the present time, if you are a U.S. born or Canadian born citizen, a valid dri vers license along with an original or certified copy of a birth certificate and photo ID is acceptable. International Identifi cation Rulings may change in January 2008 requiring every International traveler to have a valid passport. September 28, 2006 – October 5, 2006 8:20 a.m. 10:30 a.m. 1:45 p.m. 4:00 p.m. SAILINGS FOR THE CANADIAN THANKSGIVING DAY WEEKEND AND U.S. COLUMBUS DAY WEEKEND Oct. 6, 7, 8, 9, 2006 8:20 a.m. 10:30 a.m. 12:45 p.m. 3:00 p.m. 5:15 p.m. 7:30 p.m. Oct. 10, 2006 – January 3, 2007 8:20 a.m. 10:30 a.m. 1:45 p.m. 4:00 p.m. PROOF OF CITIZENSHIP REQUIRED FOR ENTRY INTO CANADA NOW ACCEPTING RESERVATIONS INTO CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES AND THE UNITED STATES 6A275231 Crossing Time: 95 Minutes Vertical Clearance: 14 Feet BLACLACK BAALLLL TRANSTRANSPPORT, INC.
    [Show full text]
  • SKAGIT COOPERATIVE WEED MANAGEMENT AREA Upper Skagit Knotweed Control Program 2013 Season Ending Report
    SKAGIT COOPERATIVE WEED MANAGEMENT AREA Upper Skagit Knotweed Control Program 2013 Season Ending Report Sauk River during 2013 knotweed surveys. Prepared by: Michelle Murphy Stewardship Manager Skagit Fisheries Enhancement Group PO Box 2497 Mount Vernon, WA 98273 Introduction In the 2013 season, the Skagit Fisheries Enhancement Group (SFEG) and our partners with the Skagit Cooperative Weed Management Area (CWMA) or Skagit Knotweed Working Group, completed extensive surveys of rivers and streams in the Upper Skagit watershed, treating knotweed in a top-down, prioritized approach along these waterways, and monitoring a large percentage of previously recorded knotweed patches in the Upper Skagit watershed. We continued using the prioritization strategy developed in 2009 to guide where work is completed. SFEG contracted with the Washington Conservation Corps (WCC) crew and rafting companies to survey, monitor and treat knotweed patches. In addition SFEG was assisted by the DNR Aquatics Puget Sound Corps Crew (PSCC) in knotweed survey and treatment. SFEG and WCC also received on-the-ground assistance in our efforts from several Skagit CWMA partners including: U.S. Forest Service, Seattle City Light and the Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe. The Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe received a grant from the EPA in 2011 to do survey and treatment work on the Lower Sauk River and in the town of Darrington through 2013. This work was done in coordination with SFEG’s Upper Skagit Knotweed Control Project. The knotweed program met its goal of surveying and treating both the upper mainstem floodplains of the Sauk and Skagit Rivers. SFEG and WCC surveyed for knotweed from May through June and then implemented treatment from July until the first week of September.
    [Show full text]
  • B.18: Skagit County Public Utilities District (PUD)
    B.18: Skagit County Public Utilities District (PUD) www.skagitpud.org Skagit Public Utility District Number 1 (Skagit PUD) Resource conservation and stewardship are increasing concerns of the operates the largest water system in the county, PUD. Recognizing the value of water resources in Skagit County, the providing 9,000,000 gallons of piped water to PUD is a member of the Skagit Watershed Council and is actively approximately 70,000 people every day. The PUD participating in efforts to protect ins-stream flows. maintains nearly 600 miles of pipelines and has over 31,000,000 gallons of storage volume. The vision of the PUD - is to be recognized as an outstanding regional leader and innovative utility provider that embodies environmental Mount Vernon, Burlington, and Sedro-Woolley receive the majority of stewardship and sound economic practices. the PUD’s water. Due to public demand for quality water, the PUD also provides service to unincorporated and remote areas of the county. The mission of the PUD - is to provide quality, safe, reliable, and The District’s service area includes part of Fidalgo Island at the west affordable utility services to its customers in an environmentally- end of the county and extends as far east as Marblemount. From north responsible, collaborative manner. to south, the District’s service area starts in Conway and extends north to Alger/Lake Samish. The values of the PUD are: PUD water originates in the protected Cultus Mountain watershed area Quality east of Clear Lake from 4 streams. Melting snow and season rainfall Reliability are diverted from an uninhabited, 9 square mile, forested area, located Environmental responsibility high about the mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • American Indian and Alaska Native Traditional Resources
    3.11 American Indian and Alaska Native Traditional Resources Northwest Training and Testing Final Supplemental EIS/OEIS September 2020 Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement/ Overseas Environmental Impact Statement Northwest Training and Testing TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.11 American Indian and Alaska Native Traditional Resources ........................................... 3.11-1 3.11.1 Affected Environment ......................................................................................... 3.11-1 3.11.1.1 Government-to-Government Consultation ....................................... 3.11-1 3.11.1.2 American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes ........................................ 3.11-3 3.11.1.3 Tribal Fishing Areas and Use ............................................................ 3.11-13 3.11.2 Environmental Consequences .......................................................................... 3.11-16 3.11.2.1 Impeding Access to Usual and Accustomed Fishing Grounds or Traditional Fishing Areas .................................................................................. 3.11-16 3.11.2.2 Changes in the Availability of Marine Resources or Habitat ........... 3.11-19 3.11.2.3 Loss of Fishing Gear ......................................................................... 3.11-20 List of Figures Figure 3.11-1: Tribal Lands for American Indian Tribes Associated with the Offshore Area ................ 3.11-4 Figure 3.11-2: Tribal Lands for American Indian Tribes Associated with the Inland Waters .............. 3.11-11 Figure 3.11-3:
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal Wildlife Grant Final Report Makah Cougar and Bobcat Research Grant: F12AP00260
    Tribal Wildlife Grant Final Report Makah Cougar and Bobcat Research Grant: F12AP00260 Prepared by: Shannon Murphie and Rob McCoy 1 INTRODUCTION Mountain lions or cougars (Puma concolor) and bobcats (Lynx rufus) are both native mammals of the family Felidae. Mountain lions are large solitary cats with the greatest range of any large wild terrestrial mammal in the Western Hemisphere (Iriarte et al. 1990). Bobcats are also solitary cats that range from southern Canada to northern Mexico, including most of the continental United States. Both species are predators and as such play a prominent role in Native American mythology and culture due to their perceived attributes such as grace, strength, eyesight, and hunting ability. Similar to other Native American Tribes, predators have played a key role in the culture and ceremonies of the Makah people. Gray wolves (Canis lupus), black bear (Ursus americanus), cougars, and bobcats all are important components of Makah culture both historically and in contemporary times. For example, black bears and gray wolves both represented important clans in Makah history. Gray wolves exhibited cooperative behavior that provided guidelines for human behavior and “Klukwalle,” or wolf ritual, was a secret society that required a 6 day initiation period (G. Arnold, personal communication). Wolf hides were also used in dance and costume regalia. Bear hides were worn by men of status (Chapman 1994) and as regalia during whale hunts (G. Ray, personal communication). Cougars and bobcats play a smaller, but still important role in Makah history and contemporary culture. During naming ceremonies a Makah name is given which best reflects an individual, often an animal such as the mountain lion is used as it represents intelligence and power.
    [Show full text]
  • Quinault Indian Nation Testimony United States House Of
    Quinault Indian Nation Testimony United States House of Representatives Committee on Natural Resources Subcommittee on Water, Oceans, and Wildlife Legislative Hearing on H.R. 335, H.R. 729, H.R. 2185, H.R.3115, H.R. 3237, H.R. 3510, H.R. 3541, H.R. 3596, H.R. 3723 July 25, 2019 Good morning Chairman Huffman, Ranking Member McClintock and members of the Subcommittee. My name is Fawn Sharp, I am President of the Quinault Indian Nation (“QIN”). The Quinault Reservation (“Reservation”) is located on the southwestern corner of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State and abuts the Pacific Ocean. Since time immemorial, QIN has relied on the waters of the Quinault and Queets Rivers and Pacific Ocean for sustenance and survival. The village of Taholah is the primary population, social, economic and government center of the QIN. I want to thank the Subcommittee for holding this hearing and allowing me to speak on H.R. 729, the Tribal Coastal Resiliency Act. This bill is sponsored by our Representative, Derek Kilmer, and the funding to Tribes will assist in addressing a critical issue for all Tribes located by the ocean. I would like to thank Mr. Kilmer for introducing this bill and thank Mr. Young, Mr. Grijalva, Mr. Cole, Mr. Heck, Mr. Cook, Mr. Gallego, Ms. DelBene, Ms. Pingree, Ms. Moore, Mr. Luján, Mrs. Dingell and Chairman Huffman for co-sponsoring the bill. H.R. 729 the Tribal Coastal Resiliency Act The Quinault Indian Nation strongly supports the Tribal Coastal Resiliency act and requests the Subcommittee and full Committee consider and pass the bill expediently.
    [Show full text]