Testing Morphologically Based Phylogenetic Theories Within The
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An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved. -
NPOA Sharks Booklet.Indd
National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks) November 2013 South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012 Tel: 021 402 3911 Fax: +27 21 402 3364 www.daff.gov.za Design and Layout: FNP Communications and Gerald van Tonder Photographs courtesy of: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Craig Smith, Charlene da Silva, Rob Tarr Foreword South Africa’s Exclusive Economic Zone is endowed with a rich variety of marine living South Africa is signatory to the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries – voluntarily agreed to by members of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) – and, as such, is committed to the development and implementation of National Plans of Action (NPOAs) as adopted by the twenty-third session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries in February 1999 and endorsed by the FAO Council in June 1999. Seabirds – aimed at reducing incidental catch and promoting the conservation of seabirds Fisheries and now regularly conducts Ecological Risk Assessments for all the commercial practices. Acknowledging the importance of maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem and the possibility of major detrimental effects due to the disappearance of large predators, South from the list of harvestable species. In accordance with international recommendations, South Africa subsequently banned the landing of a number of susceptible shark species, including oceanic whitetip, silky, thresher and hammerhead sharks. improves monitoring efforts for foreign vessels discharging shark products in its ports. To ensure long-term sustainability of valuable, but biologically limited, shark resources The NPOA-Sharks presented here formalises and streamlines ongoing efforts to improve conservation and management of sharks caught in South African waters. -
Morphological and Mitochondrial DNA Divergence Validates Blackmouth, Galeus Melastomus, and Atlantic Sawtail Catsharks, Galeus Atlanticus,Asseparatespecies
Journal of Fish Biology (2007) 70 (Supplement C), 346–358 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01455.x, available online at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com Morphological and mitochondrial DNA divergence validates blackmouth, Galeus melastomus, and Atlantic sawtail catsharks, Galeus atlanticus,asseparatespecies R. CASTILHO*†, M. FREITAS*, G. SILVA*, J. FERNANDEZ-CARVALHO‡ AND R. COELHO‡ *Biodiversity and Conservation Group, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal and ‡Coastal Fisheries Research Group, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal (Received 30 August 2006, Accepted 17 January 2007) A total of 60 morphometric traits and nucleotide sequences of the entire mtDNA NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene [1047 base pair (bp)] in 23 individuals of blackmouth, Galeus melastomus, and 13 individuals of sawtail catsharks, Galeus atlanticus, caught in Southern Portugal, were examined to test the validity of these two taxa. These sharks closely resemble each other, have overlapping geographical ranges and are difficult to identify by morphological characters. Non-metric multidimensional scaling of morphometric variables indicates a clear separation between the two species, with 10 characters each contributing 2Á12–2Á45% of the total variability between species. Maximum likelihood, parsimony and neighbour-joining trees revealed two major mtDNA haplotype clades, corresponding to the two species, with an average corrected sequence divergence between them of 3Á39 Æ 0Á56%. Within species divergences between haplotypes averaged 0Á27 Æ 0Á18% in G. melastomus and 0Á12 Æ 0Á08% in G. atlanticus. A total of 35 diagnostic nucleotide site differences and four restriction fragment length polymorphism recognition sites in the ND2 gene can be used to distinguish the two species. -
Status of the Fisheries Report an Update Through 2008
STATUS OF THE FISHERIES REPORT AN UPDATE THROUGH 2008 Photo credit: Edgar Roberts. Report to the California Fish and Game Commission as directed by the Marine Life Management Act of 1998 Prepared by California Department of Fish and Game Marine Region August 2010 Acknowledgements Many of the fishery reviews in this report are updates of the reviews contained in California’s Living Marine Resources: A Status Report published in 2001. California’s Living Marine Resources provides a complete review of California’s three major marine ecosystems (nearshore, offshore, and bays and estuaries) and all the important plants and marine animals that dwell there. This report, along with the Updates for 2003 and 2006, is available on the Department’s website. All the reviews in this report were contributed by California Department of Fish and Game biologists unless another affiliation is indicated. Author’s names and email addresses are provided with each review. The Editor would like to thank the contributors for their efforts. All the contributors endeavored to make their reviews as accurate and up-to-date as possible. Additionally, thanks go to the photographers whose photos are included in this report. Editor Traci Larinto Senior Marine Biologist Specialist California Department of Fish and Game [email protected] Status of the Fisheries Report 2008 ii Table of Contents 1 Coonstripe Shrimp, Pandalus danae .................................................................1-1 2 Kellet’s Whelk, Kelletia kelletii ...........................................................................2-1 -
Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan2)
MALAYSIA NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARK (PLAN2) DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY MALAYSIA 2014 First Printing, 2014 Copyright Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Published in Malaysia by Department of Fisheries Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Malaysia, Level 1-6, Wisma Tani Lot 4G2, Precinct 4, 62628 Putrajaya Malaysia Telephone No. : 603 88704000 Fax No. : 603 88891233 E-mail : [email protected] Website : http://dof.gov.my Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN 978-983-9819-99-1 This publication should be cited as follows: Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014. Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro- based Industry Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia. 50pp SUMMARY Malaysia has been very supportive of the International Plan of Action for Sharks (IPOA-SHARKS) developed by FAO that is to be implemented voluntarily by countries concerned. This led to the development of Malaysia’s own National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark or NPOA-Shark (Plan 1) in 2006. The successful development of Malaysia’s second National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2) is a manifestation of her renewed commitment to the continuous improvement of shark conservation and management measures in Malaysia. -
Identification Guide to the Deep-Sea Cartilaginous Fishes Of
Identification guide to the deep–sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean FAO. 2015. Identification guide to the deep–sea cartilaginous fishes of the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean. FishFinder Programme, by Ebert, D.A. and Mostarda, E., Rome, Italy. Supervision: Merete Tandstad, Jessica Sanders (FAO, Rome) Technical editor: Edoardo Mostarda (FAO, Rome) Colour illustrations, cover and graphic design: Emanuela D’Antoni (FAO, Rome) This guide was prepared under the “FAO Deep–sea Fisheries Programme” thanks to a generous funding from the Government of Norway (Support to the implementation of the International Guidelines on the Management of Deep-Sea Fisheries in the High Seas project) for the purpose of assisting states, institutions, the fishing industry and RFMO/As in the implementation of FAO International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas. It was developed in close collaboration with the FishFinder Programme of the Marine and Inland Fisheries Branch, Fisheries Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The present guide covers the deep–sea Southeastern Atlantic Ocean and that portion of Southwestern Indian Ocean from 18°42’E to 30°00’E (FAO Fishing Area 47). It includes a selection of cartilaginous fish species of major, moderate and minor importance to fisheries as well as those of doubtful or potential use to fisheries. It also covers those little known species that may be of research, educational, and ecological importance. In this region, the deep–sea chondrichthyan fauna is currently represented by 50 shark, 20 batoid and 8 chimaera species. This guide includes full species accounts for 37 shark, 9 batoid and 4 chimaera species selected as being the more difficult to identify and/or commonly caught. -
Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation. -
Danillo Pinhal
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS APLICAÇÃO DA GENÉTICA MOLECULAR NO MANEJO E CONSERVAÇÃO DE TUBARÕES TESE DE DOUTORADO Danillo Pinhal BOTUCATU - SP 2010 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS APLICAÇÃO DA GENÉTICA MOLECULAR NO MANEJO E CONSERVAÇÃO DE TUBARÕES Doutorando: Danillo Pinhal Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cesar Martins Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Otto Bismarck Fazzano Gadig Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação do Instituto de Biociências, Câmpus de Botucatu, UNESP, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas Genética BOTUCATU - SP 2010 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA SEÇÃO DE AQUIS. E TRAT. DA INFORMAÇÃO DIVISÃO TÉCNICA DE BIBLIOTECA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO - CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU - UNESP BIBLIOTECÁRIA RESPONSÁVEL: ROSEMEIRE APARECIDA VICENTE Pinhal, Danillo. Aplicação da genética molecular no manejo e conservação de tubarões / Danillo Pinhal. - Botucatu, 2010 Tese (doutorado) - Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2010 Orientador: Cesar Martins Co-orientador: Otto Bismarck Fazzano Gadig Capes: 20204000 1. Genética animal. 2. Tubarão. 3. Pesca. Palavras-chave: Conservação; Estrutura populacional; Genética; Manejo da pesca; Marcadores moleculares; Rhizoprionodon; Sphyrna; Tubarões. Dedicatória Dedico esta nova e maior conquista, A Deus pela maravilhosa vida que a mim concedeu Aos meus pais, Pinhal e Alzira, por todo amor e carinho, por serem exemplos de caráter, perseverança e legítima fé. À minha irmãzinha querida, Mariane, a“maricota”, meu grande orgulho! Aos meus avós, Benedito e Angela (in memorian), Geraldo e Alzira, pelo exemplo de vida e por terem construído o alicerce de nossa grande família. À minha noiva Flavia Delella, pelo carinho e amor incondicionais, paciência, tolerância e fundamental incentivo. “Não sabendo que era impossível, ele foi lá e fez” (Jean Cocteau) Agradecimentos Agradeço à todas as instituições que contribuiram direta ou indiretamente para a realização desse trabalho. -
Instrumental Conditioning and Learning in Poroderma Pantherinum
UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN Applied Marine Science INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING AND LEARNING IN PORODERMA PANTHERINUM Town Cape of University IMKE MEYER Supervisors: Dr Cecile Reed Meaghen McCord December 2016 1 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Contents 1. Plagiarism declaration…………………………………………………………...………….. 3 2. Abstract…………………………………………………………………………...………….. 4 3. Introduction………………………………………………………...…………….……...…... 5 3.1 Shark Sensory systems.............................................................................................................................. 6 3.2 Types of learning...................................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 An overview of research illustrating learning in elasmobranchs............................................................ 8 3.4 Anthropogenic impacts on benthic sharks.............................................................................................. 11 3.5 Leopard catsharks as experimental species........................................................................................... 12 3.6 Aim and hypotheses............................................................................................................................... -
A New Redescription of Galeus Atlanticus (Vaillant, 1888) (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) Based on field Marks
A new redescription of Galeus atlanticus (Vaillant, 1888) (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) based on field marks by Javier REY (1), Bernard SÉRET (2), Domingo LLORIS (3), Rui COELHO (4) & Luis GIL DE SOLA (1) ABSTRACT. - The Atlantic sawtail catshark, Galeus atlanticus, has long been synonymous with the blackmouth catshark, Galeus melastomus, until the validity of G. atlanticus was resurrected by Muñoz-Chapuli and Ortega (1985). Despite this resurrection, the two species are still often confused because of their close resemblance. Consequently, field characters are proposed to distinguish the two sibling species. In particular, the internal colour of the labial furrows is easily observable on fresh specimens and also on preserved ones in museum collections, since it is blackish in G. atlanticus as opposed to white in G. melastomus. The two Atlanto-Mediterranean species are also compared to the West-African species G. polli. R É S U M É. - Nouvelle description de Galeus atlanticus ( Vaillant, 1888) (Chondrichthyes : Scyliorhinidae) basée sur des caractères d’identification de terrain. Le chien espagnol atlantique, Galeus atlanticus, a longtemps été mis en synonymie avec le chien espagnol G a l e u s m e l a s t o m u s, jusqu’à ce que la validité de G. atlanticus soit reconnue par Muñoz-Chapuli et Ortega (1985). Mais, malgré cette résurrection de G. atlanticus, les deux espèces sont encore souvent confondues du fait de leur grande ressemblance. Des caractères “de terrain” sont proposés pour différencier les deux espèces voisines. Parmi ses caractères, la couleur inter- ne des sillons labiaux est facilement observable sur les spécimens frais, mais également sur les spécimens conservés dans les collections muséologiques ; elle est noirâtre chez G. -
Population Genetics of the School Shark (Galeorhinus Galeus)
Population genetics of the school shark (Galeorhinus galeus) in New Zealand, Australian and Chilean waters By Sebastián Ignacio Hernández Muñoz A thesis Submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Cell & Molecular BioScience Victoria University of Wellington Te Whare Wānanga o te Ūpoko o te Ika Māui 2013 This thesis was conducted under the supervision of: Dr. Peter A. Ritchie (Primary Supervisor) Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand and Dr. Malcolm Francis (Secondary Supervisor) National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Wellington, New Zealand This thesis is dedicated to the memory of my grandmother (Tally) Abstract The school shark (Galeorhinus galeus) is a coastal bentho-pelagic species that is highly migratory and has a widespread distribution in temperate waters. This species matures late, has a relatively low fecundity and is slow growing, which makes it vulnerable to overfishing. They are commercially fished throughout their distribution, and some global stocks have been under pressure because of poor management. In Australia, longline and gillnet fisheries targeted pregnant females and juveniles around Victorian and Tasmanian nursery grounds, resulting in loss of historical inshore nursery habitat. School shark tagging programmes have reported migration between Australian and New Zealand stocks, but preliminary genetic studies have suggested that there are slight genetic differences between the stocks. Currently, the Australian and New Zealand school shark fisheries are assessed and managed as separate stocks. However, the question of whether this species is comprised of a single population or multiple sub-populations in the South Pacific remains unresolved. -
Training Manual Series No.15/2018
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CMFRI Digital Repository DBTR-H D Indian Council of Agricultural Research Ministry of Science and Technology Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Department of Biotechnology CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual This is a limited edition of the CMFRI Training Manual provided to participants of the “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals” organized by the Marine Biotechnology Division of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), from 2nd February 2015 - 31st March 2018. Principal Investigator Dr. P. Vijayagopal Compiled & Edited by Dr. P. Vijayagopal Dr. Reynold Peter Assisted by Aditya Prabhakar Swetha Dhamodharan P V ISBN 978-93-82263-24-1 CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018 Published by Dr A Gopalakrishnan Director, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CMFRI) Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute PB.No:1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Kochi-682018, India. 2 Foreword Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi along with CIFE, Mumbai and CIFA, Bhubaneswar within the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology of Government of India organized a series of training programs entitled “DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals”.