Classified National Trust Landscapes

applying to the

Shire of Indigo

1998

I I ) I I

Land affected by the SignificantLandscape Overlay SLO 2 includes the following National Trust classified landscapes:

1> Baranduda Range (Inventory no L274);

1> Scenic Drive (Inventory no L264)

l> Black Springs Bakery southernlandscape (Inventory no L217)

l> Chiltern Box Ironbark National Park (Inventory no L223)

l> Lady Franklin Range (Inventory no L189)

l> Lake Anderson (Inventory no L270)

1> Lake Kerford (Inventory no L368)

t> Lake Zwarburg (Inventory no L92)

t> Mt Pilot Range (Inventory no L218)

t> Murrnungee Basin (Inventory no L222)

t> Murray River Flood plain (Inventory no L262)

l> Myrtle Creek Valley (Inventory no L272)

t> Upper Indigo Valley (Inventory no L267))

t> The Wallaby Mine (Inventory no L281)

t> Woolshed Creek (Inventory no L219)

t> township and environs (Inventory no L69) 5.

' . LANDSCAPE �UBMISSIO�

�AME: .'�-- : LISTI�G STATUS: Classiiica1:ion: ''those parts oi the /1ysic.:,.l . env ir on:nen1: . :.)Oth natural z,.nd nan-made . ·:mien in the Trust's view are essential to the heritage of and which must b2 preserved.

INVENTORY NUMBER: L274

LOCATION: Between and Yackandandah

r ; . , :'-IICIPALITY: City of \vodonga (part) , Shire 0£ Yackandandah (part) .

OWNERSHIP: Crown Land.

[; 11 DESCRIPTION: Steep sided mountain range with flat" top for the most part covered by native forest.

I : Range of hills in a strategic position related I to the proposed city of /Wodonga. o� the western side there is evidence of very inappropriate l ..l clearing. To the east the hills have been left under forest cover in the steeper sections which increases their aesthetic appeal.

L It is believed that the botanical features of I the eastern side are of high quality. (This needs L verification). A telecommunications tower gives identity to this I range and it acts as a geographical reference point C from many locations within the region. iu THREATS: Clearing of steep sides. iu

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f'JATIONAL TRUST '.] F L\UST�ALJA () Nome: Listing Status .:::L\SSif'IED

MunicipC!lity: CIT'.: :JATI Ot�AL ':':::US� '. :JST?_:-... �: .:.

' 3EEC:-;;,:ORTI� :.·7'.i3.;\. �:��SE?'l . .;:-::_'::

�eecnworth is a oiccuresoue �ineteent� cencury �ro�inci3l town. It is a well ?reserved example of Govern�enc 3nd private juilding, �hie� resulted from t�e cown's 1�porcant historical role as the administrative and commercial centre of Victoria's north-eastern goldfields. 3eechworc� �as once significant for its position on an earl�· overl.:nd :'.":)'..JCe ::::oli1 �elbourne to Sydney.

�he town is located aym�achecicall; :J :�e =�pogra;��-, :� sn 3rea of considerable landsca?e interesc. Sec ��102c :Jresced, undulating country, chere remain �any :elics c: :�e �inin9 era 1n and about Beechworth. It is � rich f�eld :or !nduscrial archaeology. There are within the cown a large number of historical and architecturally significant buildings. These display a quality of form, and richness of material and detail, which �ake Oeechworth one of the most significant of Australia's goldfield towns. Of particular interest is the common usage 0£ local granite in construction. Its honey colour impar�s a quality distinctive to Beechworth.

The highlights of Beechworth are the grid of �ide screecs flanked with granite kerbing; t�e streetsca?es =E consider3ole 1ncegrity �1th groups of homogeneous �uildings sec cff �! �acure elms and ot�er exotic trees; and tne remnants of �istoric �1c:orian gaLdens. About the town there are many examples of nineteenth century street furniture, signs and fences. Beecnwort�'s historical wealth is of national significance.

DESCRIPTION:

The Beechworth urban conservation area includes �ost of urban Beechworth, the May Day Hills Hospital, the Beecnwort� Cemetery and the Gorge Road and environs. The boundary of t�e conservation area is in part defined oy topographic features, �art:cularly in the west and north. �he urban conservacion �rea :3 defined on the accompanying map.

At an elevation of 550 �etres, the township of BeEc�worth 1s located on gently undulating ground amidst timbered �:lls. The country :o the north o:= :'.le townshi? c::nd ;:J the .·:es: .:alon9 Spring :reeK, iS au1te hill·.1 .::nci ;1eavilv tir:mered. -:'he .:.:::e2: ;:� :he south of t�e urban c;nservation �rea is undulatl�? .::�d ::ghtly ' . timbered. ::;.eo, ..:-amieson, :-:oocis ::::1:-:s:., ::.no ·_·5rr.=wons2.. - ::-:e ::..:..s·::t.:-ic telegraph c:mnec:::e-j 3eecnwort:-: s.:ici :·'.elcc.Jr:-:e. :. :1ci �:-:e cown was prosper1ns ::-om its si�uat1on en r.:-:e �=lD .: ·J er- �3nci route from , :hrough Albury ::o Sjciney. I� recognition of the ::::wn's 1mportant ::.cimin1s::r::.c:�e :::le, =ontracts were let i� 1S57 for t�e construc::1::n �� ::. numoer of i�portant public ou1ldings. As a result, :he �eat�erooarci Government Offices �ere repl�ced by a complex ::f �:ne stone �uildings which remain ��tact to this dav. The ==�?lex 1�­ :::ludes the Police Buildings, the former Sub-Treasur� ::.nd Gold Office, the former £lectric Telegraph Office 2.nd ::�e Court House, all fronting Ford Street and buil� of locallv quarried granite between 1857 and 1860.

Other notable buildings which date from this era include the �lethodist Church (1856-.37), the original Ovens District. Hospital I 1856-64) of which only the facade remains, the Pres�yterian Church (1857-58), the 3ank of New South iiales ( 1858), the Church of England ( 1858-6.;), the Masonic Temple (c. 1359), the ::;aol : 1859-60) and the Old London Tavern ( 1859-6]). 3v 1860, :ess than a decade after �ts establishment., 3eechwort:-: �ad achieved a sense of per�anence. Development was to set a slower ?�Ce in the following decade, although the completion of the Ovens and �urray Home (originally the Ovens Benevolent Asylum) and the Mental Hospital - for which the rival but smaller town of Wangaratta had competed - brought assured income for local business and storekeepers. In November 1861, the Beechworth Cemetery was gazetted a public cemetery, although public burials had been conducted on the site prior to this. The first to be interred were those that had been previously buried in the graveyard on Asylum Hill and on land later to be occupied by the Congregational Church. Graves in the cemetery were arranged according to religious denomination, �it.� the Chinese occupying a large section to the nortj. Despite a decline in �ining in the 1870's the decade saw the reticulation of water to the town from Lake Ker ford ( 1874); the completion of the new State School (1875); the building of the Newtown Bridge and a gas works (1875); and the railway connection of Beechworth with Wangaratta and Melbourne in 1876.

However, the Picturesque Atlas of Australia of 1888 summed up the future for the town:-

"The 'good old times' are gone. Mining now - sluicing and quartz reefing - carried on with the usual difficulty and usual varying success ..• Beechworth was born of the Ovens rush about thirty-five years ago and calls itself a mining town still; but it has ceased to rely U?On its gold yield for its ?rosperity and its good name. Its strong points now are its important Government institutions, its virtues as a sanatorium - known even 1n England, whence consumptive patients have been sent to its dry and bracing air - and its attractions a5·a centre of beauti:ul scenery easily accessible i:rom t-\elbourne". ?urc�er �long rorci �treec. �etwee� ���? ]�a :: ...1::��s _:reec, 1s t:-ie fine complex of Government. .:jm1:1 ... z:::-2t1•/e :.:u1l.::1r.gs. This complex which includes �:-i� ��ur= �ouse, �armer :elearaoh Office and Sub-Treasur� 3nd G0ld Office, �as :::;u1lt �� :�� ?�blic �orKs Department. The ?.�.D. Jseci :je :�c3l, �oney-�aloured �ran1te which may be fcund �� many �:her :�1ldings .::-ici 5:ructures (including stone �eroing �nd c�2nnellin�J �nd i�parc3 2 8is­ cinct1ve, local quality ca t:-ie ��arscter -� ��e :own. 7he .,·1sta to the north 3long �:,re �treet. __ ?:,rtl·:" ::lased :::;·; the massive western wall of t�e Beechwor:� Gaol, ::ompleced 1n 1860. A quarry within the Gaol was for �any years tne source of road �etal, broKen up by �risen labour. �t the souc.hern end of Ford Street, the Church of England, also buil: �f local , -;- granite, is a significant landmark. ;. . Away :rom Ford Street, the tree-lined streets contai� a variety '. of nineteenth century dwellings, which range �rom the cimoer cottages of miners, through to the substanti3l two-scorey �remises of the more wealthv. Thus �eechworth contains �anv ;otable buildings of historlcal and/or �rc�itect�ral E1gn1f: icance.

The cemetery is of particular design and horticultural int.erest. The iron entrance gates are set in granite posts and were erected in 1888. A Turkish style ornamental fountain was installed within the cemetery in 1900. The cemetery contains over 100 ?lant species, both native and exotic. Much of the cemecery's perimeter is lined with a hawthorn hedge. Of particular interest are the hundreds of headstones inscribed with Chinese characters and which delineate the C�inese section . of the cemetery. The two ceremonial burning towers and the Chinese altar also contribute to the importance of the cemetery . I· The cemetery was considered by the National Estate Study, Cemeteries of Victoria, to be one o� �he S�ate's �ost �1gnificant.

The character of Beechworth is therefore, �mong other things a function of its picturesque setting; its gently undulating topography; its broad, treelined streets; its interesting old parks and gardens and its considerable number of historic and architecturally important buildings which either individually, or collectively as streetscapes, contribute to the national significance of this goldfields town.

MANAGEMENT:

The United Shire of Beechworth has been forward in acKnowledging the need to protect Beechworth's historic and landscape qualities. The Shire's concern for the protection of Beechworth's special qualities is evident in the proposals for the new planning scheme. The scheme has been prepared by the Shire in conJunction with the Department of Planning, and i�put Erom the National Trust has been sought from the outset. l J n

i : �EFERENCES:

n Flett, 0. The E1storv of Gold Ciscoverv in Victoria - :-i2:wtr:orn f:'ress, '.-ielbourne, 19, - n Gar ran, ...... P i ctu r es q u e ,:,_;:. 2l s o f . :..us tr 2:l i a Vol. I I , , n 1888. Harvey, R. C. Background to Beechworth from 1852. l Beechworth Progress Association, oj Third Edition 1967.

L.?. ?lanning. Cemeteries of Victoria: A National Estate Studv . ?reduced for the Ministry for Planning.

National Trust of Notes on Beechworth and Chiltern, ;..ustralia (Victoria) Melbourne, Revised Edition, 1977.

. ' National Trust of Australia (Victcria) Urban Conservation Files - Beechworth.

I[] Strahan,F. "Beechworth" in Australian Council of National Trusts' Historic Public Build­ ings of Australia, Cassell Australia Ltd. 10 :·ielbourne, 1971. University of Beechworth - Historical ?econstruction I Melbourne. Faculty of Research ?aper, 1976. u Architecture, Building and Town and Regional la Planning. i a * * * * * * * * * * 1 1 I l j uf l

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NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA rVICTORIA)

LANDSCAPE SUBMISSION

NAME: Beechworth Scenic Drive

LISTING STATUS: Classi£ica tion: " ... those parts of the physical environment, both natural and man-made, which in the Trust's view are essential to the heritage of Australia and which must be preserved". INVENTORY NO: L264

WCATION: West 0£ and adjacent to the township of Beechworth. BOUNDARIES: Starting at Main Road and Chiltern Road, including , the One Tree Hill Reserve and the Beechworth Powder Magazine Reserve and buildings, etc. Boundaries include the fence line, and boundary 0£ Crown Land. The end point is near the junction of the Scenic Drive and the main Beechworth/Wangaratta Road at the Classified Newtons Bridge, and extends beyond to include the mining race. MUNICIPALITY: Shire of Beechworth

OWNERSHIP: Various CITATION: Granite tors are a major feature of interest along the gorge drive, because of their prolific number and magnitude. Native Pine (Callitris Pine), Red Stringbark (E. macrorhyncha) and wattles are the 1. predominant vegetation types. VIEWS: (1) First view offers good view of gorge and adjacent farmlands and forests. Highlighted by outcrops of granite. (2) Jacks Lookout. (3) One Tree Hill - offers fine views of township with Mt. Buffalo in far distance and Mt. Pilot in the north. I (4) Fine view of Beechworth Powder Magazine from the Gorge Road. THREATS: Roadworks, uncontrolled dust, unsympathetic houses, water pipeline, vandalism, painting on rocks, suburban growth, unsympathetic vantage points. RECOJ.\1MENDATIONS: Sensitive management policy for recreation.

REFERENCES: National Trust of Australia (Victoria) 1975 Background Notes.

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NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICTORIA) Name: BEECHWORTH SCENIC DRIVE

Listing Status: CLASSIFIED' 1 9.

LANDSCAPE SUBMISSION

NAME: BLACK SPRINGS BAKERY SOUTI-IERN LANDSCAPE

LISTING STATUS: Classification: "those parts of the physical environment, both natural and man-made, which in the Trust's view are essential to the heritage of Australia and which must be preserved. 11

INVENTORY NUMBER: L 217

LOCATION: Three miles from Beechworth on the Wangaratta Road at Black Springs.

'l'HCIPALITY: Shire of Beechworth

OWNERSHIP: Private

DESCRIPTION: View to the south from the Black Springs Bakery (which is Classified by the Trust). Well structured view of foreground (cleared pastureland with occasional granite outcrops), middleground, (the Black Range) and distance (Mt. Buffalo). Road reserves and railway line are tree covered, their straight nature softened by the landform and offering contrast within the pastoral setting. Mt. Buffalo is a feature in all seasons but gains magnificence in winter when the snow capping is visible.

THREATS: Clearing of road reserves. Alteration of profile 0£ middleground hills. Modification of land use in foreground.

**** '7 77 61 62 64 66 1)9 0·,a· 79

,VHOROUL Y 5 km WHOROUL Y 2 km MYR TL ffORD 10 km l • ol long11ude 3 25 metre:

NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICT8RIA)

Name: ..3LACK ;---; �ROJGS JAKERY SOUTHEl

�A.NE: IRONBARK FOREST

11

LISTING STATUS: Classification: those parts oi the physical environI ­ ment, both natural and man-made, v,hich in the Trust s view are essential to the heritage of Australia and which must be preserved 11•

INVENTORY NO: L223

LOCATION: South of the Hurne Highway, east of Chiltern. OWNERSHIP: Crown Land

SIZE: MUNICIPALITY:

SHORT Range of hills rich in floral diversity. The most DESCRIPTION : easterly occurrance of the yellow gum, grey box, ironbark forests in Victoria. The forests are associated with the historic gold.mining township of Chiltern. Forests of red ironbark, red gum, yellow gum and grey box - an interestir.g stand at its easterly limit and because 0£ its association with hi gh rainfall, flora of the area. GENERAL Chiltern is a gold.mining town which is bordered to DESCRIPTION: the north and south by Ironbark forests that are part of the historic associations of the centre and are relevant to its undoubted character. The forest is well located near a major highway close to the proposed Wodonga/Albury complex. It will be important for recreation in future. The forests are rich in diversity of flora, especially on the higher ridges and birds are plentiful.

THREATS: Quarrying and excessive timber felling. Quarrying would'probably affect rare orchid. I I I I I

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NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICTORIA) Name: IRONB/\RK FOREST

Lis ting Status: C L,\SS H' I ED Municipality: SH I RE OF CH I LTl.::lrn 1 8 •

NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICTORIA) LANDSCAPE SUBMISSION

NAME: LADY FRANKLIN RANGE

LISTING STATUS: Recording: " ... those rarts of the physical environment, both natural and man-made, which contribute to the heritage of Australia and which should be recorded and whose preservation is encouraged." INVENTORY NO: L189 LOCATION: Range of hills between Wodonga and Barnawartha. BOUNDARIES: See attached map. l OWNERSHIP: Private property. SHORT 1 DESCRIPTION: Range of hills rising from the flat plain adjacent to Highway. Largely cleared of native vegetation. DISTINCTIVE FEATURES: Steeply rising range contrasting sharply with flat country surrounding. Significant views are obtained from the ridge top and from the plains. GENERAL DESCRIPTION: The Range of hills is generally cleared of native vegetation. The steeply rising hills contrast sharply with the flat riverine plains of the Murray River to the north. A scenic road passes to the south of the Range. From the saddle on this road, a focused view of Wodonga is obtained which is worthy of recognition and retention. If subdivision is not controlled in this area, a vitally important range of open hill-land will be degraded in landscape quality by undesirable development. A waterfall is present, soils are unsuitable and erosion is likely if undesirable activities occur here.

THREATS: Subdivision to inappropriate sizes despoiling the rural character by intrusion of inappropriate development. Erosion.

Recorded: 30.4.74 70 r., �·' \ , I ..._ '� :""\. . /-..J f ; .• 08( (,� - ..

NATIONAL TRUST OF AOSTRALIA (VICTORIA) Name: LADY FRANKLIN RANGE Lis ting Status: RECORDED

Municipality: CUTO� n� rUTTmon� 1 9 •

NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICTORIA)

' " NAME: LAKE ANDERSON" LISTING STATUS: Recording: " ... those parts of the physical environment, both natural and man-made, which contribute to the heritage of Australia and which should be recorded and whose preservation is encouraged." INVENTORY NO: L270

LOCATION: Chiltern. Shire of Chiltern. BOUNDARIES; The area is defined by the surrounding roadway. Structures are excluded from the Recording.

OWNERSHIP: Public and private.

CITATION: Lake Anderson is a man-made lake in the township of Chiltern, an historic gold town in . The lake and gardens form a mature landscape of exotic trees and shrubs. It is an important cultural feature and its period character greatly complements this historic town.

While there are several inappropriate intrusions the lake remains a feature of scenic and historic significance. The Classified house, 'Lake View' (former dwelling of Henry Handel Richardson), is well sited on the shore to the south of the lake. RECOMMENDATIONS: The character of the lake and gardens can be retained on a small budget. The design of outdoor furniture and other structures could be improved. They should be of good design and less obtrusive. Skillful tree planting and paint colours would better integrate some of the structures which currently intrude. Some of the older trees require attention and, in time, skillful re-planting of appropriate species will be required.

THREATS: Further development for residential and recreational11 purposes. Municipal "beautifying programrnes • , l .) I,, .. "Ic

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'- L-:-:-:·. NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA {VICTORIA) Name: LAKE ANDERSON - Lis ting Status: RECORDED Municioalitv: NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICTORIA)

LANDSCAPE SUBJ\1ISSIOJ\: . "

NAME: Lake Kerferd.

LISTI:-;G STATUS: Recordina: "those parts of the physical environment� both natural and man-made. which contribute to the heritage of Australia and which should be recorded and whose preservation is encouraged."

,-- INVENTORY NO : L 368

LOCATION: 5 km. east of Beechworth at the old Hurdle Flat Swamp.

BOUNDAR IES : 100 m. surrounding the lakes.

�HIRE: Beechworth.

OWNERSHIP: Shire of Beechworth.

SIZE:

CITATION: This lake was constructed in 1862 and has many historic associations. It was named after the Hon. G. B. Kerferd, Mayor of Beechworth and member of the Legislative Assembly. Initially needed to provide Beechworth town water supply, it is bordered by open forest of Brittle Gum (E. mannifera) to form a large open enclosure. The flat sheet of water is highlighted by occasion­ al white tree trunks and extensive reed beds provide habitat for water birds. Objects of interest include the old Water Valve and weathered rock faces which add diversity.

THREATS: Intrusion of pines; clearing of forest border; road widening and tourist activities.

RECOMMENDATIONS: Sensitive management policy for recreation.

REFERENCES Background Report (1975) Nation& Trust of Australia (Victoria). Background to Beechworth 1852-1952. Beechworth Centenary Publicity Committee.

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TRUST

Name: LAKE KERFERD .... Listing Status: RECORDED

Municipality: SHIRE OF BEECHWORTH NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICTORIA)

- r - LANDSCAPE SUBMISSION

NAME: Lake Zwarburg.

LISTING STATUS: Recording: "those parts of the physical environment, both natural and man-made, which contribute to the heritage of Australia, and

which should be11 recorded and whose preservation is enc our aged.

INVENTORY NO: L 92

LOCATION: On southern side of road travelling on Beechworth­ Wangaratta Road, 8 km. from Beechworth.

URE: Beechworth.

OWNERSHIP: Crown Lands, Water Reserve.

SIZE: 5.6 ha. reserve.

CITATION: A deep alluvial gold-washing sluice pit, permanent­ ly watered, providing many habitats for native animals, in�luding eastern water rat, squirrel glider, water snakes,skinks. Known birds are kingfisher, rainbow bird, coots, reed warblers, herons, grebes and ducks. It contain s Blakely•s Red Gum (E.blakleyi) on the flats, surrounded by a woodland of But But (E. bridgesiana), Long- leaved Box (E. goniocalyx), Red Box (E. polyanthemos) Red Stringybark (E. macrorrhyncha} with fringe on bank of Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata), Varnish Wattle (A. verniciflua), Cherry Ballar•t (Exocarpos cupressi­ formis), with on e cypress-pine on island. Rich development of water plants, including much wa ter milfoil.

THREATS: Stock grazing and rabbits.

RECOMMENDATIONS: Should be fences, stock removed and vermin controlled; managed for its wildlife and scenic values.

REFERENCES: National Trust of Australia (Victoria), 1975. Background Report. . " ---:--• . . l....-'_\ .' L •• • �....,__,.. . - " v:- . ( :!) .H. >oigl � :.:.-:Y.R - ! 21. 3.1,�,: . : -;:..r....,r:--. ,. - '\,):..: . � .. ---. •, , -\ . I ...-c,oo�...... ··:r- 380. f . .30 -./.: OP36SS2. 0:, \ 'fO t ·�,'; ·.· I (18....1ll,L I. 3<;) ,.u--<),-· I , .. .1: &1.+.:, :. _.: ,

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Name: LAKE ZWARBURG Listing Status RECORDED Municipality: SHIRE OF BEECHWORTH LANDSCAPE SUBMISSION

' .�AME: MT. PILOT RANGE

�STING STATUS: Classification: "those parts of 1:he physical environment 1 b�th natural and man-made, which in t� Trust's view are essential to the heritage of Australia and which must b-2 preserved". i ,:NVEi'ITORY NUMBER : L 218

�OCATI0:--1: Between Beechworth and Chiltern, north of the Worradgee Valley.

UNICIPALITY: Shire 0£ Beechworth and Chiltern

,· ·wNERSHIP: Crown Land. Private land to the south.

DESCRIPTION: Range of granite hills covered in natural vegetation. Spectacular viewpoint occurs at Mt. Pilot - reputed by a local historian (Mr. C. Moon) to be a sacred area to indigenous aboriginals.

Viewpoint at Mt. Pilot. Granite outcrops. Native vegetation, especially Callitris sp.

I· Range 0£ granite hills rising to approximately 2,800' covered in dry sclerophyll forest of stringy bark and gum. This area is particularly important for recreational aspects. The vegetation is open forest with little undergrowth to restrict access. Fires have been rare. Large granite outcrops are a feature of significance, some being many acres in extent. Some roads have been badly located. In general being too straight thus detracting from the scenic nature of the area. The old Coach Road runs along the spine of the range and is an historic feature...... The area is important £or wildflowers .

I I HREATS: : Fire ;_;; Clearing Subdivision of private land.

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>JATIONAL TRUST JF . .;.usTRALIA I VICTOR IA)

LAN DSC ARE :3UBMISSION

NAME: Murmungee Bas in

LISTING Classification: "those parts of the !=)hysical environment �oth natural and man-made i �hich in STATUS: the Trust's view are essential to the heritage of I. Australia and tvhich raust be preserved."

INVENTORY �O : L222

LOCATION: Murmungee Hills and Flats.

MUNICIPALITY: Shire of Beechworth

OWNERSHIP: Private property and Crown Land.

DESCRIPTION: Corrugated area of hills around a flat plain on which interesting lighting effects are seen, especially at sunrise and sunset.

The Murmungee Flats form the base of a bowl which is surrounded on three sides by a range of hills rising 1000 feet above the plain. The hills have been regularly dissected by streams so that a corrugated effect is obtained, the whole system being somewhat reminiscent of a jelly mould.

Around sunrise and sunset the quality of light produces su-erb effects as it is reflected off the rounded spurs of the hills, the valleys being in shadow. This effect is obtained in all seasons but is more pronounced in summer when the .... angle of the sun produces more spectacular effects on the dried grasses of the bare hillsides. ... The flats are cleared of native vegetation except along road reserves. These are important for the scenic qualities of the plain. The �uildings in this area are located well off the main roads.

THREATS: Clearing of trees along road reserves. Erosion on cleared land where slopes are excessive. -�

(j3f 65

'�0Ul Y 5 km WHOROUl Y 2 km MYRTLEFORO 10 !m 1 • or longttude = 25 metres

TRUST OF AUS T�{/\LIA {VICTORIA}

Name: 1'lU RM UNG EE t3AS IN

Lis ting Status CLASSIFIED M11nir-innlih.r 7 1 .

NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA r 1.:ICTORIA \

LANDSCAPE StJBMISSIO:--:

:'-!AME: �·1URRAY VALLEY FLOOD PLAL�

• > LISTING STATUS: Classification: "those parts of t:-ie physical env ironment, both natural and man-made, ,.vhich in th e Trust's view are essential to the heritage 0£ f: Australia and which must be preserved". INVENTORY NO: L262 LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES: Between the Hume tveir and Dights Hill, along the course of the Murray to Howlong, delineated laterally by the Riverina Highway (N.S.W.) and the . �1UNICIPA.LITIES: Shires of Wodonga, Chiltern and Rutherglen (Vic.) Shire of Hume (N.S.W.) CITATION: The area is Classified primarily because of its landscape interest - it represents the survival of the early Savannah woodland of the flood plain of the Murray much modified by grazing, but retaining fine examples of River Red Gum, some native grasses and herbs and excellent examples of natural billabong rich in aquatic life. The whole flood plain (including those parts planted with exotic willows) is rich in birdlife (140 species, SS aquatic) and is worthy of Classification and preservation as a site of historic Australian landscape. DESCRIPTION: The following extracts have been obtained fran the report by Turner and Turner (1974} - Flood Plain of the River Murray: Flora, Fauna, Landscape Developmen and Conservation. Vegetation and Landscape p.1 "The flood plain of the Murray is a specialised part of the Savannah land system of southern Australia. This system carries a series of plant communities characterised by a main stratum of trees, fairly widely separated, with a characteristic ground flora of grass and herbs rather than of shrubs. In the Savannah lands of the Murray Valley, as the water balance of the habitat becomes more unfavourable, the vegetation grades from an open forest to a woodland and finally to a low open woodland formation but with a grassy ground flora throughout. On the lower reaches of the River Murray, west of Mulwala, well developed forest communities occur, but near Albury/Wodonga the community has the structural form of a woodland." - 2 - :-.IURRAY -., ALLEY FLOOD PLAIN 7 2 •

p .5 "The original Savanna'h woodland (or something like it) survives in the tiny patch near Hume lveir, on some islands and promontories and downstream of Howlong where there are woodlands on Crown Land (e.g. at Quat Quatta). Elsewhere, along made roads, billabongs, river banks and in some paddocks, there survive numerous fine Red Gums of ages ranging from a few years to several hundred years, and heights up

to 100 feet. These11 trees give the real character to the landscape. p.8 "A characteristic feature of the flood plain is of course the extraordi�ary variety of pools, billabongs (oxbow lakes), anabranches of the Murray and the meandering river itself, all forming a habitat for a great array of aquatic orga�isms. There are large fluctuations in the depth of the river and its ana­ branches: the pools and billabongs vary enormously in size, shape and permanence - both seasonally and over a series of years ... Few of them are permanent lakes. Each therefore presents a highly specialised and mutable habit." p.6 "The ground floor of the Savannah woodland is dominated by grasses •.. So far on the flood plain 19 species of native grasses and 19 special of exotic grasses have been identified •.. "the exotic species dominate the vegetation over the greater part of the grazed and fertilised plain. r,

Herbacious Species p.7 "Although the dominant plants of the grazed areas of the flood plain are grasses (c. 40 species), they 11 are today outnumbered in species by other herbs ... p.8 "Excluding planted trees and shrubs and the true aquatics there are 124 species of higher plants in the grazed pastures of the flood plain and 52% of these are exotic, introduced species."

Wildlife p.12 "The Murray Flood Plain near Albury/Wodonga must be recognised as the major surviving local wet-land supporting a rich and diverse population of bird species. In former times there were extensive wet- lands to the north of the river." p.11 The fauna represented in the area include:- "the grey kangaroo, the eastern water rat, the platypus, the echidna, the fat tail marsupial mouse, the brush tail possum and a few bats, ... and the Feathertail Glider. Three species of tortoises also live in the flood plain together, no doubt, with other species of reptile and of amphibians. But undoubtedly the most important surviving group of wildlife is that of the Birds. One hundred and forty species of birds have been listed for the flood plain near Albury/Wodonga. Of these, no fewer than 55 are aquatic species ... (e.g. Pelicans, Egrets, Ibis, Herons, Spoonbills, waders and ducks." ._.,, - 3 - MURRAY VALLEY FLOCD PLA.rn

p.11 "On Ryan's Isla·n._d, at the mount oi the river and in part oi Jacob's swamp, all to the west of the townships - there are colonies of breeding birds

of the white and strawnecked Ibis, the Egret andI the :-Jankeen :1igh t-;1eron. The large rookery on Ryan s Island is of considerable importance ... It supports a substantial �umber of breeding birds, probably over a thousand \vhi te Ibis and several hundred egrets and Nankeen night-herons.''

THREAIS & It is especially recommended that conservation is REC0i'-'IMENDATIONS: best achieved here by retaining present farmingproduc and preventing any form of development along the margins of the two roads, even where these are above the flood plain proper.

'. I, " �c-· l� \ NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICTORIA} � \_�"'-.,.,, I( Nome: MUl

(

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�ATICNAL -::RUST ,)F .\USTRALIA , \lICTORL\ \

LA.i'l'DSCAPE S UBM ISS IOJ\

:"JArvlE: :'-IYRTLE CREEK \".\LLEY

LISTL':G STATUS: Classification; "those parts of t:1e physical environment, Joth natural and man-made, ·.vhich in the Trust's view are essential to t�e heritage of Australia. and which must "::Je preserved."

I�VENTORY NO: L272

LOCATION: Between Stanley and Myrtleford and >It. Stanley

MUNICIPALITY: United Shire of Beechworth

OWNERSHIP: Crown Land CITATION: Block of forest within valleys of Circular and Myrtle Creeks. Contains large area of forest with variable floristics and vegetative structures. To the east lies Mt. Stanley from which panoramic views of high I quality can be obtained. An old coachroad with I. matured batters winds from the plateau to the valley below.

DESCRIPTION: Scenic Mt. Stanley (viewpoint); picturesque road with intimate scenes; vast enclosure within valley. Cultural - Old Coach Road Scientific - Fine example of peppermint forest Deep enclosed valley running from southern edge of Stanely Plateau. A variety of forest types occurs within the valley ranging from .··.ountain forests dominated by Alpine Ash in the higher easterly sector to Blue Gum and Peppermint Forests on the slopes whic have been extensively cleared elsewhere in this vicinity for pines {further research on biologic�l resources is required). Mt. Stanley, is a significant viewpoint from which views can be obtained. These are well defined in depth by successive ridgelines and valleys. A narrow road winds from the Stanley Plateau to the Myrtleford Road. The aesthetics of a trip along this road are greatly augmented by the �ature nature of the road batters which are well vegetated with tussock grass, ferns etc. In the lower reaches the road passes adjacent to an attractive creek (Myrtle Creek).

THREATS: Clearing of forest and replanting with pines; widening of coach road; industrial traffic creating a dust hazard to roadside vegetation; fire. 7 5. - 2 - :VIYRTLE CREEK \'ALLEY

'1A.NAGEi"IENT 1£ the road needs to be improved t�ere should be no widening or interference with the road batters. Bitumenizing the surface would be quite acceptable as it would make the trip sa£er and would lessen the e£fect of dust deposition on the vegetation. 1£ necessary the road could ':.:>e made a "one way" route. Clearin g of the native vegetation for t�e extension of the pine plantations should be resi sted. " . ·., . / ' I ' � .. ,..., I ,

NATIONAL TRUST AUSTRALIA

Nome: MYRTLE CREEK V"LLL'i

Listing Status: CLASSIFIED

Municipality: SH I RE OF' i..3EECIH·,OH'f'!: 9 5.

1. :'-IAT ION AL •F .\USTRALI.\ 1. L..\,'WSCA?E StJoi'IISSION

.'\ANE: UPPER :XDIC-0 '.. ,"\LLE Y

LISTL';G STATUS: Classification: "those par-..:s oi ::i.e p:-:.·:sical environ­ meni:, · ot:i ;1ate.:ral and man-iilade. ·.-.nic:-:. :.:: :�e Trust's view are esseni:ial to the heritage oi .\ .. stralia and '. which mus1: :.:e preserved". INVENTORY �O: L267

) l. LOCATION: At southern end of Indigo Valley

• 1 • MUNICIPALITY: OWNERSHIP: Private DESCRIPTION: Pleasant rural landscape. \vell struct...:.red ·;iew from Beechwor1:h/\vodonga road. I· The open valley of t� lower Indigo Creek narrows in the upper reaches to form an enclosed space that has a rural character. The Valley has been cleared of native vegetation for the most part although trees are dotted over the hillsides and dense swarth of trees occurs along the roadside. Most structures in the area blend well with the surroundings. A well structured view occurs from the southern extremity of the valley lookin g north in which the observer is in a superior position. The valley walls focus the view down the valley to t�e feature of the Lady Franklin Range which almost terminates the view. THREATS: Inappropriate development and Army rifle range.

* * * * * *

l..< NATIONAL TRUST

Name: U?PER INDIGO VALLEY

Listing Status: CLASSIFIED

1\,1, ·�:_; __ ,:1.... 97.

:--.:ATIONAL TRUST OF ,.\USTRAL:::.-. I ·.·rcTORL-\)

LANDSCAPE SQBMrss I0:\1

:"IAJ'v!E: THE \vALL..\BY : IINE

INVENTORY :'\O : L281 I. LOCATION: 12 km from 3eechwor�:: of£ 1:he Stanle'-' ;=:oad SIZE: 250 hectares I, OWNERSHIP: Crown Land (Reserve Forest) .. CITATION: The old Wallaby Mine with its associated Mine shafts, tunnels, open cuts, aqueducts and battery are cultural features 0£ great interest and historic significance. It lies in an isolated but substantial pocket of native forest in a steep-sided valley enclosing a tumbling perennial stream.

1. DESCRIPTION : The Wallaby Mine is interconnected by various horizontal and vertical shafts to form an under­ ground network of tunnels. A number of these have collapsed. Aqueducts and spoil heaps and the remains 0£ the battery lie near the creek. The mine is located in a large pocket of forest consisting 0£ Peppermint, Box, Blue Gum and Candlebark which is a remnant of vegetation which has been largely cleared elsewhere in that vicinity. The remnants of the mining era are of historic interest in themselves. However, they are an integral part 0£ a natural setting which augments their values. Elsewhere in this vicinity, the native vegetation has been converted to exotic softwood plantations but the landscape of the Wallaby Mine remains as a natural enclave. This contrast of environments highlights the 'Australian' setting 0£ the mine and emphasises the evocative qualities of a pioneering landscape. THREATS: Fire; roads; tourist roads and tourism; pine planting; weeds; fossicking and vandalism. MANAGEMENT: It is necessary to preserve a natural setting for the mine and associated works by retaining native vegetation on both sides of the valley. Area will have to be fenced off from public ac cess because of the danger of falling into the open cut and into mine shafts. A management strategy should be devised by the management authority and a number of organisations (including the Trust) should.be consulted in its preparation. Aspects worthy of consideration

\,JI I 99. - 2 - THE ·.-:ALL.ill Y : lINE

" include access, fencing, �andalism, �ncontrolled excavation, fossicki�g, �esearc�. =ire protection and pub lici t:1. The area should be acti�ely �anaged �y a body that is sensitive to its �istoric and landscape qualities in accordance �it� �n accepted strategy. � :z; H ::E � c:o c:i ,ct: � ...:l H ...:l Ii, ,ct: H 3 CJ) U) � � ::c ...:l 8 u

ti) .....:::, d ' ...... ;_ U') c en c j I (\) c: l ...J E ..... (

:....,\."\DSC.-\.PE SL:3:'>IIS 5 :::o::

:___1s1r-:G SL\TL·s: �lassiiica 1: .::.on : ''7hose oa.r-c s 0f : :-:e p::ys ica l environmen-r ::01:h :1atural and nan-made "mich in the :rust'� �iew are essential �o !�e .:eritage of Australia a.:d which must :::e preserved". (

I L'{VE?\TORY :\0 : L219 r_ LOCATION: From 3eechworth/Chiltern �oad down creek -:o Eldorado.

SIZE: Approx. 20 square miles (10 miles c=eek =rontage) I• ;'IIUNICIPALITY: Shires of 3eechworth � Wangaratta

l)\1/NERSHIP: Crown Land; ?Ockets of private land. IPT ION : DES CR Historic - Kelly's Cave ! Cheese Ring Rocks Scenic Scenic drive through grani�e country Cultural - Recreation, gemstone fossicking Scientific - Rare Parrot - Turquoise Parrot (Neophema pulchella)

The Woolshed Creek flows through granite country with forests of Callitris endlicheri and eucalypt woodland and dry sclerophyll forest. The creek is fed from the Woorragee and Black Sands and Spring Creeks and the water cascades over the scenic falls and winds through a narrow valley for ten miles to Eldorado. Swamp gum {Eucalyptus ovata) and· Callistemon sp communities of plants are common. The va lley is rich in gemstones - amethyst, agate and quartz crystals are common and attract important activity, being close to historic gold town of Beechworth. Birds are plentiful - Turquoise parrot, dotterels, yellow tufted honeyeater, rufous whistler. There is a wide diversity of mammal species in this area. There are some areas of poor land use - clearing of inappropriate country leading to erosion. Some are a of noxious weeds occur. The "Cheese Rings" are an historic feature near the head of Sheep Station Creek. They fo rm a three-tiered landmark

of granite used to identify the boundary1 between t�e �Jurray and Reid properties in the 1830 s.

THREATS: Sensitive granite country (erosion) with people impact. Sewerage in stream from Seechworth (Healt� hazard and eutrophication). Overgrazing and noxious weeds. :Jestruction 0£ t�e trestle cridge and replacement jy a 050' eart!-len embankment (with 26' diameter culverts). This would destroy one of t�e major landscape features i� this landscape and destrov much 0£ the historical character of th is semi-natural suburban parkland. NA I IUNAL I RUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICTORJA}

Name: V;GOLSHED C�EEK .�

Lis ting Status -..:LnSSifIED Municipality:

. '

.... 109

NATIONAL :'RUST ;F .\USTRALIA (VICTORIA\

LA.t'IDSCA.PE,'SUBMISS ION

�AME; YACKA.1"\l'DA\DA.l-! :'O\vNSHIP Al"lD ENVIRONS

1 LISTING STATUS: Classifica1:ion: ' •••those parts o.i -::-ie physical environment, joth natura� and man-made, which in f; the Trust's view are essential to the heritage of Australia and which must be preserved". l. INVENTORY �O: L69 .. BOUNDARIES; See attached map. J\'1UNICIPALITY: Shire 0£ Yackandandah.

' ( OWNERSHIP: Private and Public.

CITATION: "Yackanda;i.dah is a township which, within itself and as a response to the topography of its land­ scape setting, portrays with considerable integrity the character and principal physical elements of Yackandandah as it was developed up until 1914. The existence of such an intact and well preserved example of a 19th century Mining-based township is of great significance and should be protected. The highlights of Yackandandah are its location nestled in the folds of the surrounding hilly ranges, the compactness of the town layout clustered in a valley, the character and scale of the historic buildings along the illain street which is lined by mature exotic trees, and the lack of intrusion into the former alluvial mining areas astride the creek flats which contrast with the built-up area of the township".

GENERAL: Yackandandah was the home of the first Australian born Governor General, Sir . I ..' .

I I I I

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NATIONAL TRUST OF AUSTRALIA (VICTORIA)

�·-· ::�,:·:�;-! 3j) CLASSIFIED LANDSC�PE I•. YAC!{ANDANDAH

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-� . I Lancb1capc IntC'rc�t J\rea . Mnp 2

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