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HEAD The gold legacy About the Indigo Gold Trail Beechworth & surrounds Beechworth Rutherglen State Battery (R3)

The first official report of gold discovery in the Beechworth area was by EARLY GOLDFIELDS SITES Chinese Burning Towers prospectors, Baker & Strickland, on 3 August 1852 about 100 metres from B4: Rocky Mountain Tunnel inlet. A remarkable engineering feat, the tun- Carlyle Cemetery, the Newtown Bridge along the Spring Creek. By September 1852 there were nel was cut through solid granite to reduce water levels in Spring Creek and Rutherglen (R3) The gold fever that gripped Victoria from the 1850s until the early The Indigo Gold Trail takes in some of the most picturesque 45 people prospecting for gold; by November there were 1500 people on the to expose new areas for gold mining. It extends 1km under the township of decades of the 20th century left an indelible mark on the historic countryside in Australia and includes scores of easily accessible sites. diggings and by January 1853 8000 had arrived. Eventually more than 30,000 Beechworth. View the tunnel entrance in the Chinese Gardens, Albert Road. towns and places linked by the Indigo Gold Trail. people flocked to the goldfield which expanded in every direction with each C B F P (Map 3) new find – the hills above Beechworth around Stanley, to the west following Each of the sites is marked on the large map in this brochure, and a Contact our friendly Visitor Information Centre staff for expert local Reid’s Creek toward Chiltern and Rutherglen, known as the Indigo Goldfields, Gold worth billions of dollars in today’s currency was extracted from brief description of each is listed by map reference in specific feature B5: Lake Sambell. Site of the Rocky Mountain Company’s major open cut information or to book accommodation while you’re exploring to the north to Wooragee and Yackandandah and beyond to Allans Flat and sluicing operation, yielding more than 1300kg in gold until operations ceased the Indigo Gold Trail. the area once known as the Ovens and Indigo Goldfields. Initially panels for Beechworth & district, Rutherglen, Chiltern, Yackandandah Sandy Creek. lone diggers searching for alluvial gold used primitive tools such as in the 1920s. A dam was created to conceal the devastated landscape with & district, Stanley, Upper Sandy Creek and El Dorado. funds from Beechworth winning the Ideal Town competition in 1928. Today the pans, picks and cradles. As the years progressed more sophisticated EARLY OVENS GOLDFIELDS SITES lake is a popular spot for fishing, swimming and cycling. C B F P (Map 3) technologies were developed including high pressure hydraulic Each site’s accessibility by car, bicycle or on foot is shown as C, B and B1(Map Ref.): Spring Creek. Take the Rotary Walk through Wallace Park sluicing, powerful explosives for hard rock mining, and much later the F. Sites suitable for picnics are also indicated with a P. starting at Newtown Bridge or from the bridge at Albert Road to view B6: Lake Sambell to Lake Kerferd Walk. This 5km (one way) walk starts large barge and bucket dredges. The evolution of these gold mining the area of Beechworth’s first diggings along Spring Creek. C B F P (Map 3) from the bridge over Spring Creek on Peach Drive, near Lake Sambell and technologies as well as their devastating environmental impact are A great range of accommodation to suit all pockets is available around follows Spring Creek and Hurdle Creek to Lake Kerferd. The first section integral to the Indigo Gold Trail story. the Indigo Gold Trail region so it’s easy to book a room at a hotel or B2: Newtown Bridge, Chevalier’s Mill & Fletcher’s Tail Race. Great views leads to Silver Creek Caravan Park, passing through old mining sites where www.uniqueyackandandah.com.au www.chilternvic.com B&B, a cottage or caravan or tent site and head off for a day - or two from the lookout on Gorge Road. C B F (Map 3) deep vertical shafts were dug, past Patterson Dam (established as a water 02 6027 1988 03 5726 1611 Today, in and around Beechworth, Chiltern, Rutherglen and or seven - of gold discovery. supply for mining) linking up with a vehicle track built to service the water [email protected] [email protected] Yackandandah, and the villages and countryside in between, the Newtown Bridge. This majestic granite keystone bridge, built by Scottish pipeline which links Lake Kerferd with Beechworth. Lake Kerferd was created in 1862 to retain the waters of Hurdle Swamp for gold mining legacy of the rush for gold remains - from the perfectly preserved You can start or finish at any point along the way. You can stop for a stonemasons in 1875, replaced an earlier bridge built further upstream across the once gold-rich Spring Creek. activities. It is now Beechworth’s main water supply. F P (Map 3) streetscapes of the towns to the countless mine shafts and mullock picnic in a national park or next to a beautiful creek, lunch at a Chevalier’s Mill. A water-powered mill once stood at the head of the falls on heaps to astonishing water races carved through solid granite; from gourmet restaurant, or one of the area’s famous bakeries, grab a Spring Creek. Built in 1855 it supplied the townspeople with flour and timber. B7: Mad Man’s Gully monument. Monument to the first miners’ meeting Chinese Burning Towers and pioneer graves to historic government hand-crafted beer or a bottle of fine local wine. Fletcher’s Tail Race. A channel 2.4m deep and 410m long, visible below held on 2 April 1853 – well before the Eureka uprising of December 1854 - at buildings, schools and museums all dating from those early, heady Newtown Bridge, cut through solid granite over a two year period in the late which 800 miners called for political representation. C B (Map 3) days of the gold rush. Our Visitor Information Centres in Beechworth, Chiltern, 1860s enabling the area upstream to be sluiced for gold. www.beechworthonline.com.au www.rutherglen.com. Yackandandah and Rutherglen can assist with all your B8: Historic & Cultural Precinct. Nationally significant collection of govern- 1300 366 321 1800 622 871 accommodation and information needs as you embark on your own B3: Woolshed Falls & the Gorge. Spectacular walks taking in many historic ment buildings dating from the late 1850s. The Precinct includes the Town [email protected] [email protected] Hall & Gardens, Telegraph Station, Courthouse, Sub Treasury (Gold Office), self-guided tour of this fascinating historic trail. sites dotted throughout the Reid’s Creek goldfields within Beechworth Historic Park. The key sites include Fiddes Quarry, The Precipice and One Tree Hill. the Chinese Protectorate Office, as well as the Burke Museum, with its Walks and sites fully detailed in Parks Victoria Park Notes. important heritage collections dating back to the 1860s. Carpark at McFeeters Rd, off Chiltern Rd. B F P (Map 3) Ford & Loch Streets. C B W P (Map 3)

Above. Evidence of goldmining is clearly seen along the clay banks of Lake Discover a rich history of gold in & around Above. Miners on the Indigo diggings, Burke Museum collection Sambell. This area, near the Lower Stanley Road, was home to thousands of Beechworth Rutherglen Chiltern Yackandandah Chinese miners. 210mm Fold Fold 210mm Beechworth Chiltern Chiltern Rutherglen Yackandandah & beyond Stanley

Chiltern Valley Mines Gold was discovered in Yackandandah in 1852 soon after the first C3: Chiltern Valley No. 1 & C4: Chiltern Valley No. 2 discoveries at Reid’s and Spring Creeks (Beechworth). William Howitt, one of (Now Parks Victoria wetlands sites) C B P (Map 5) the first diggers on the scene, described finding gold ‘hanging in the roots of C5: Chiltern Valley No. 3 (Private property, no public access) C B (Map 5) the shrubs that we pulled up’ from the creek. A tent town sprang up along the The Chiltern Valley Gold Mining Co. was one of the most successful gold Great Northern Mine mullock heap (R5) banks of the Yackandandah and Commissioner’s Creeks, one of several tent producers in the area, working the Chiltern Valley Lead along the present towns in the area, some of which continued beyond the life of the gold strikes, day Chiltern Valley Road until 1920. It was formed in 1876 by the Scottish One of the last Victorian gold rushes, the Rutherglen diggings followed deep including Osborne’s Flat, Rowdy Flat and Allan’s Flat (see main map for this entrepreneur John Wallace who made his fortune on the Victorian goldfields alluvial leads - extracting gold from wash dirt brought up from the ancient touring route), Whiskey Flat and Bell’s Flat. After the first wave of alluvial gold opening supplies stores and hotels in Bendigo, Bright, Stanley, Beechworth riverbeds deep underground. Rich quartz reefs were also discovered and quartz seekers, entrepreneurs such as Wallace and Fletcher arrived, installing sluic- and Chiltern. He invested in small goldmining operations, later pursuing was carted by bullock dray to the crushing machines at Chiltern. By the end of ing barges employing men 24 hours a day in shifts. Later still, bucket dredges major interests in many deep lead companies across the Ovens and Indigo 1860 17 deep leads and seven quartz reefs had been found. The scale of were used to mine to deeper levels along the creeks. St1: Stanley storyboard. Town entry. C B F (Map 1) goldfields regions. Wallace introduced dredging to Yackandandah and the operations grew with the introduction of new technologies such as electric El Dorado diggings. The Chiltern Valley mines pioneered underground haulage and underground elevators were developed in response to the vast Y1: Yackandandah Museum. Yackandandah & District Historical Society St2: “Seven Star” Wallace storyboard, Stanley Pub. Goldfields B9: The Powder Magazine. Built in 1859 of solid, buttressed granite, with In 1858, John Conness, a veteran of the Ballarat, Bendigo and Beechworth electric traction to haul the ore up the shaft, replacing the manual labour of amounts of groundwater which needed to be pumped from the mines before the owns and operates this wonderful museum which houses a collection of entrepreneur, John Wallace, opened a store in ‘Snake Valley’ (later Stanley) a slate roof and surrounded by a high stone wall, it was used to store large rushes, registered a prospecting claim on the Indigo Lead near the present pit ponies and men. gold could be extracted from the wash dirt. amounts of gunpowder used in mining and quarrying. This rare building is Chiltern-Howlong Road & Rileys Rd. Within months 20,000 miners of all historical documents, photographs and artefacts dating back to the gold era. in 1854, followed by the first of his seven Star Hotels in various gold towns. R1: Gold Discovery Cairn. Gold was discovered near this site in September 1860 C B F (Map 4) C B F (Map 1) an excellent example of its type and considered the finest in the State. nationalities including 2000 Chinese rushed to the area, creating virtually at the western end of the present township, initiallly known as the Gorge Rd. C B W P (Map 3) overnight the town of Indigo, equipped with stores, hotels, shops, Wahgunyah Diggings, Calico Town and then Barkley - named after the then Y2: Traditional Miner’s Hut. Replica miner’s hut built using traditional tools St3: Athenaeum (above). The Stanley Public Room was built by public shanties and dance halls built of slab, bark, calico and brush. In 1859 Governor of Victoria. Legend has it that the town was eventually named when and skills and the same wood species used locally. Roof shingles cut from subscription in 1856 and opened in 1857 at the height of the gold rush. The B10: Ovens Hospital Facade. Beechworth’s first hospital built in 1857 at a Conness’ Nil Desperandum Company discovered gold on the Chiltern Lead, John Wallace, owner of the Star Hotel, was told by a patron “Shout the bar and Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans), corner posts of Red Box original wooden building was destroyed by fire in the late 1860's and the cost of £2,347. Most of the hospital was demolished in 1940 for near the present day football ground. This discovery led to the formation of we’ll call the town Rutherglen after your birthplace!” C B F (Map 2) (E. polyanthemos), top and bottom wall supports of Red Stringybark present brick building was built to replace it on the same site, opening in salvageable materials during the World War 2, leaving the impressive the town of Chiltern. Within 12 months the old Indigo township was deserted R2: The Wallace Cairn. Monument to John Wallace, Scottish entrepreneur, who granite facade and remnants of the once extensive and grand gardens. as miners and businesses moved to the new town of Chiltern. Within a year (E. macroryncha) and wall slabs of Narrow Leaf Peppermint (E. radiata). 1874. (Map 1) made his fortune as a goldfields trader and later, mining magnate. C B F P (Map 4) Church St. C B W (Map 3) the gold escort was carrying 1212 oz of gold. The entire site of Chiltern (See R1 and Chiltern Valley Mines entry, C3, 4 & 5). C B F P (Map 2) was once a goldfield. Today, 22 National Trust listed and three Trust-owned Chiltern Mt Pilot National Park R3: Rutherglen State Battery, 1908-1994. One of six intact former State Upper Sandy Creek B11: Beechworth Cemetery & Chinese Burning Towers. A lack of properties are included in the perfectly preserved Gold Era streetscape. (See Parks Victoria notes for full details & maps) Y3: Yackandandah Cemetery (1885). Cemetery records tell the story of batteries situated in Victoria. Originally steam was used, then electric power to sanitation and primitive living conditions led to an early outbreak of typhoid. C6: Magenta Mine. Mining of the Magenta Reef (above) began in 1860 and the hardship of the early pioneering years, including high infant mortality, drive the five-head battery to recover gold. Official records from this plant show SC1: The Reservoir. Built in 1865, water was Among the earliest deaths was the first doctor to arrive to the diggings, continued until 1910. Tons of earth, rock and quartz were excavated and outbreaks of typhoid and diphtheria. The cemetery was also used for Chinese that 6549 tons were crushed for 5650 oz of gold. The Battery has been restored used for sluicing and quartz crushing. At the time, C1: Chiltern Athenaeum & Museum. Built in 1866 as the goldfields library, carted out by horse and dray, the gold-bearing quartz crushed at nearby burials. C B F (Map 4) Dr Henry Green. The first official cemetery was in Loch Street, used and opened for viewing as a key project of the 150th anniversary in 2010 of the the valley supported a large population of miners from 1853 to 1855. The 64 bodies buried there were later reburied in the council chambers and town hall, the Athenaeum has an extensive collection stamp batteries. The mine yielded thousands of ounces of gold. In its heyday including an estimated 1000 Chinese. Many lived discovery of gold in Rutherglen. C B F (Map 2) Y4: Yackandandah Gorge. This remarkable 100m gorge was built in 1858 to pioneers section of the present day cemetery. Between 1853 and 1860 on of gold era equipment, written materials, photographs and gold samples Magenta was a significant residential area and as late as 1907 there was an in a camp across from the reservoir where they R4: Chinese Burning Towers, Carlyle Cemetery. There are 36 recorded Chinese supply water to miners along the creek. It was cut through solid granite by pick average one child per week died of diseases like measles, scarlet fever, as well as beautiful examples of A.W. Eustace’s gum leaf paintings of the unbroken line of miners’ houses extending from the Magenta to Chiltern. grew tobacco and vegetables. Today the reservoir typhoid and dysentery. Some 1000 Chinese gold seekers and settlers Woolshed and Chiltern diggings. C B W (Map 5) C B W P (Map 5) burials in the cemetery some with existing footstones. The twin and shovel. The Yackandandah Creek was diverted from its original course to Chinese Burning towers, built in 1887, have a square rather than round design is a sanctuary for birdlife. C B (Map 1) are also buried here. The Chinese Burning Towers were used for burning run through the gorge. The original dam wall created to divert the creek can believed to be unique in Australia. C B (Map 2) paper prayers and meals for the dead. C B W (Map 3) C2: Lake Anderson. Site of the former Alliance Mine. The sportsground C7: State Battery Site. Concrete slabs are all that remain of the stamp still be seen today. C B F P (Map 4) grandstand was built on top of mining residue and there are mullock heaps battery operated by the State government until about 1940. To encourage R5: Great Northern Mine. In 1886, eight partners struck it rich on the long-aban- El Dorado B12: Ovens Benevolent Asylum. Opened in August 1863 for miners next to the swimming pool. C B W P (Map 5) gold mining, particularly during the Depression, new mines could have the doned Great Northern Lead. For seven years the mine yielded more than 30,000oz Y5: Osborne’s Flat, Y6: Rowdy Flat, requiring permanent care as a result of serious injuries from the diggings first three tons of ore crushed by the five-head stamp battery at no cost. and dividends of £50,000. Their new mine, Great Northern Extended, proved even Y7: Allan’s Flat – Tourist Drive (Map 1) E1: The Cock’s Eldorado Dredge. and other long-term incapacitating conditions. C B W (Map 5) richer, producing 108,000 oz and almost £200,000 in dividends between 1888 and One of only two complete bucket Warner Rd. C B W (Map 3) 1900. C B (Map 1) Y8: Karr’s Reef Goldmine. Beautifully preserved underground gold mine in dredges left in the State and the largest, C8: Indigo Pioneer Cemetery. The first death of the Indigo Goldfield on 4 R6: Great Southern Mine. (Private property, no public access) The Great the hills outside Yackandandah. Tours available daily. (Map 1) most intact gold dredge in Australia. November1858 was newborn Francis Nicholls, followed two days later by 34 Southern mine was the greatest of the Rutherglen deep leads, supporting the Between 1936 and 1954 when it closed, year old miner, Joseph Turner. A total of 58 people are known to have been Great Southern and the Great Southern No.1 mines. The Great Southern Mine was it produced over 70,000 oz of gold and Gum leaf painting of a Victoria’s top alluvial gold producer from 1906 to 1912. A town of 4000 grew up 1.4 tonnes of tin concentrates. It repre- Above. Beechworth Historic Courthouse (B8) buried here. C B W (Map 5) miner’s cottage by around the mine, with its own pub and brewery, school and cricket pitch. At its peak sents one of the final chapters in the gold Alfred William Eustace, C9: Golden Bar Open Cut Mine. A small open-cut area is the remainder of it employed 400 men. Until its closure during WW1, the mine produced around 33 story of the North East. C P (Map 1) Right. Chinese Burning Towers, gold miner and artist. (C1) tons of gold. Attempts since then to extract gold from the mine have had varying Beechworth Cemetery (B11) the Golden Bar Mine which yielded 12,453 oz. between 1901 and 1910. W Chiltern Athenaeum collection. (Map 5) success, and include tailings treatment by cyanide during the 1950s. The mine is still operational, now run by Rutherglen Mining company. C B (Map 2) Above. Dam wall remains at Yackandandah Gorge (Y4)

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MAP 3. BEECHWORTH B1. Spring Creek B3. Woolshed Falls & the Gorge B6. Lake Sambell to Lake Kerferd Walk B9. The Powder Magazine B12. Ovens Benevolent Asylum MAP 5. CHILTERN C1. Chiltern Athenaeum & Museum C3. Chiltern Valley No. 1 C6. Magenta Mine C9. Golden Bar Open Cut Mine B2. Newtown Bridge, Chevalier’s Mill & B4. Rocky Mountain Tunnel Inlet B7. Madman’s Gully monument B10. Ovens Hospital Facade 57 Conness St C4. Chiltern Valley No. 2 C7. State Battery Site Fletcher’s Tail Race B5. Lake Sambell B8. Historic & Cultural Precint B11. Cemetery & Chinese Burning Towers C2. Lake Anderson C5. Chiltern Valley No. 3 C8. Indigo Pioneer Cemetery