PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHE PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS Sa n A nto n i o PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERSTEXAS A PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS P HOTOGRAPHY BY AL RENDON | NarratiVE BY GARY S. WHITFORD PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERSTWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS | ROCKPORT, MASSACHUSETTSPROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHE PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS Copyright © 2017 by Twin Lights Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may PROPERTYbe reproduced in any form without OF written TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS permission of the copyright owners. All images in this book have been reproduced with the knowledge and prior consent of the artists concerned and no responsibility is accepted by producer, publisher, or printer for any PROPERTYinfringement of copyright or otherwise, OF arising TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS from the contents of this publication. Every effort has been made to ensure that credits accurately comply with information supplied. PROPERTYFirst published in the OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS United States of America by: Twin Lights Publishers, Inc. Rockport, Massachusetts 01966 Telephone: (978) 546-7398 PROPERTYwww.twinlightspub.com OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS ISBN: 978-1-934907-48-1 PROPERTY10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS (opposite) The legendary stories of the Alamo battle placed a handful of heroes in the pantheon of American freedom fighters. Sculptor Pompeo PROPERTYCoppini crafted this huge cenotaph OF on the TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS corner of Alamo Plaza in celebration of the battle’s centenary. (frontispiece) PROPERTYMission San José OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS (jacket front) Battle of the Alamo Reenactors (jacket back) PROPERTYRiver Walk and Mission Espada OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTYBook design by: OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS SYP Design & Production, Inc. www.sypdesign.com PROPERTYPrinted in China OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHE PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS S an Antonians gather at the river. For thou- unforgettable legend. A few weeks later, Texas won PROPERTYsands of years, people OF have lived TWIN on the banks LIGHTSits revolution inPUBLISHERS San Jacinto. PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS of what the Payayas called Yanaguana, refresh- Throughout its history, San Antonio has attracted ing waters. On June 13, 1691, Franciscan Fray a diverse population. While Mexican-Americans Damian Massanet and Governor Domingo Terán comprise nearly 60 percent of the population and PROPERTYde los Ríos, camped nextOF to a Payayan TWIN village. LIGHTSshaped the city’s PUBLISHERS genesis, San Antonio was also Fr. Massanet wrote that clear water erupted from formed by settlers from the East and Midwest and the earth in abundance. It was the feast day of San European immigrants — at one time, the majority of Antonio de Padua. San Antonians spoke German. PROPERTYBy 1718, Spanish missionaries OF TWINand soldiers had LIGHTSSan Antonio has PUBLISHERS always been a military city, and PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS established San Antonio de Valero, a mission and troops from every corner of the nation have been presidio that would become known as the Alamo. trained or served here. Many service members Amicable natives converted to Catholicism and return to San Antonio when they retire. Everyone PROPERTYadopted Spanish culture. OF In 1731, TWIN Canary Island- LIGHTSwho comes brings PUBLISHERS another contribution to its ers arrived and established San Fernando de Béxar. character, and the city has become a vibrant multi- Over the next 300 years, San Antonio would grow cultural community. into the 7th most populated city in the United San Antonio is a city of education, medicine, States and second-largest in Texas with 1.4 million defense, and trade. It’s a religious city, praying PROPERTYpeople. OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS to saints, and bonding with family. It is a border On March 6, 1836, Mexican troops finally pre- town, a city with its own distinctive blend of music, vailed against a stalwart force of Texans and Amer- Tex-Mex food, art, and fiestas. The Alamo City is PROPERTYican settlers at the Alamo OF after TWIN a 13-day siege andLIGHTS fiercely proud PUBLISHERSof its history and looking forward to battle. The inspiring defense turned defeat into a bright, sustainable future. PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS World’s Largest Cowboy Boots (opposite) Giant cowboy boots alongside the PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERSexpressway kick up Texas spirit. In PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS 1979, Bob Wade built the boots for a Washington, D.C. art festival. In1980 the sculpture was moved to its present, permanent location at North Star Mall. The Guinness Book of World Records PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERSlisted the boots as the largest Cowboy Boot Sculpture. PROPERTY4 OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS5 PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHE PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS Mission Espada (above) The Southernmost San Antonio mission, PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTSMission PUBLISHERS San Francisco de la Espada PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTS PUBLISHERS came to the San Antonio River area in 1731, transferred from an area near present-day Weches, Texas, where it was founded as Mission San Francisco PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTSde los PUBLISHERS Tejas in 1660. Education & Work (left and opposite) Title (opposite) Title (top) Title (bottom) Edmundo Rios III demonstrates his Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecte- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecte- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consecte- PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTSroping PUBLISHERS skills in front of Mission Espada. turPROPERTY adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod OFtur adipiscingTWIN elit, sed doLIGHTS eiusmod tur adipiscingPUBLISHERS elit, sed do eiusmod Franciscan missionaries endeavored tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore to teach Spanish Catholic culture and magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim impressed natives with tools, clothing ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea c. ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea c. ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea c. and skills, including agriculture, horse- eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint manship, and construction. Trades and occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt PROPERTY OF TWIN LIGHTSknowledge PUBLISHERS passed down through the in culpa qui officia des cupidatat non in culpa qui officia des cupidatat non in culpa qui officia des cupidatat non generations helped build San Antonio. erunt mollit anim id est laborum. erunt mollit anim id est laborum. erunt mollit anim id est laborum. PROPERTY6