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Issue 22, Volume 8, Winter 2019 Issn 2008-546X THE QUARTERLY CULTURAL MAGAZINE OF ECO CULTURAL INSTITUTE (ECI) ECO HERITAGE ISSUE 22, VOLUME 8, WINTER 2019 ISSN 2008-546X ISSN 2008-546X 9 772008 546002 ‘Golden Treasures Established in 1995, ECO Cultural Institute (ECI) is a specialized, international of the Achaemenids’ organization, located in in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran, which aims at fostering public awareness and preserving the rich cultural heritage of its Exhibition member states. Within the framework of its Charter, which has been approved by the The joint exhibition of Reza Abbasi member states, ECI has been entrusted with the key mandate to preserve Museum & Bank Melli Iran was held in and promote the common cultural heritage of the ECO region to encourage collaboration with ECI in March 2019 at understanding among the nations of the region. Bank Melli Iran Historical Museum. To this end, ECI has always organized a diverse range of art, cultural, literary, research, academic and sporting events and has published books and journals in English, Farsi, Russian and Urdu with the approach to strengthen cooperation and preserve the common cultural heritage of the member countries. The ECO region is a vast territory with centuries-old history, rich civilization and culture which includes 10 member states, namely the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Republic of Azerbaijan, Islamic Republic of Iran, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Republic of Tajikistan, Republic of Turkey, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Publisher THE QUARTERLY CULTURAL MAGAZINE OF ECO CULTURAL INSTITUTE (ECI) ECO Cultural Institute (ECI) ECO HERITAGE ISSUE 22, VOLUME 8, WINTER 2019 ISSN 2008-546X Director-in Charge H.E. Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Mazaheri President, ECO Cultural Institute (ECI) Chief Editor Dr. Jawan Shir Rasikh Table of Contents Editorial Board Dr. Abolghasem Dadvar, Dr. Hosseinali Ghobadi 8-17 I.R. Afghanistan 66-77 Kyrgyz Rep. Dr. Mehman Hasanov, Dr. Mahmood Kamare’i National Museum of Afghanistan Collections: National Museum of Fine Arts of the Kyrgyz Republic Preservation, Looting, and Post-Civil War Recovery Dr. Nazif Mohib Shahrani, Dr. Hekmatollah Molla Salehi ISSN 2008-546X History, Museum Sections, Decorative & Applied Dr. Uxi Mufti 9 772008 546002 History, Transportation to Shelters before the Arts, Sculpture, Painting, Graphics. Civil War, Looting & Destruction 1990-2001, Post- By Kyrgyz National Museum of Fine Arts named after War Recovery, Cooperation with British Museum, Gapar Aitiev Cover Photo: Pieces from the historical Conclusion. treasures of the ECO Region including the Advisory Board By Mohammad Fahim Rahimi, Director of National 78-87 I.R. Pakistan Bactrian Hoard, the Oxus Treasure, the Museum of Afghanistan National Museum of Pakistan: Dr. Hassan Ahadi, Eng. Reza Pourvaziri Achaemenid Persian Lion Rhyton, and Collecting, Preserving & Exhibiting Cultural History Dr. Seyed Hassan Soltani, Dr. Manijeh Seh’hi Jewllery found in Taxila. 18-27 Rep. Azerbaijan History, Museum Sections, Pre-Historic, Proto- Azerbaijan National Museum of Art Historic, Late Harappa, Gandhara, Hindu, Quran, Executive Manager Coins, Calligraphy & Miniature Painting, Freedom History, Museum collections, Exhibitions, After Movement, Ethnology & Islamic Art Galleries. Parisa Firouzkouhi Independence, The Museum’s Online Activities. Compiled by ECI Staff Members By Prof. Chingiz Farzaliyev, Director of the Azerbaijan National Museum of Art 88-97 Rep. Tajikistan Internal Affairs Manager National Museum of Tajikistan History, Museum Sections, Departments of Natural Mohammad Mahmoodi 28-41 I.R. Iran Iran National Museum History, Modern & Contemporary History, Ancient and Medieval History, Fine & Applied Arts & The 1st Graphic Design Iran Bastan Museum: The Paleolithic Period, The to 9th Hall. Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods, The Formation of By Shahmansour Shahmirza, Tajikistan Cultural Ahmad Reza Nasrollahi Note: Early States and Urban Societies, The Achaemenids, Expert, ECO Cultural Institute The views expressed by the The Seleucids, The Parthians The Sasanids; Iran Museum of Islamic Art & Archeology. 98-105 Rep. Turkey Address writers/authors of the articles, By Iran National Museum Ankara State Museum of Painting & Sculpture No. 10, Baqer al-Nemer St., Movahed published in “ECO Heritage” do History of the Structure, Establishment of the Danesh Ave., Aghdasiyeh, Tehran not necessarily represent the 42-51 I.R. Iran Museum, Museum Collections. By Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture & Tourism Islamic Republic of Iran views of ECI, but are the personal National Art Museum of Iran: The First Specialized Museum in Iran views of the authors themselves. 106-117 Turkmenistan Introduction, History, Aesthetics & Building The State Museum of Turkmenistan Information ECI reserves the right/discretion Structure, Exhibition Spaces, Museum Objects. History, Museum Sections, The Central Building, Tel:+98 21 27673000 to amend, revise, edit, delete or By Mahshid Ilkhani & Manijeh Hadian Dehkordi, Independence Museum, President’s Museum, Zip Code: 1957653643 scrutinize any part or portion of Research Institute for Cultural Heritage & Tourism; Ethnography & Local Lore Museum, Neutrality Monir Daraei, Director of National Art Museum of Museum, Constitution Museum P.O. Box: 6414/19395 the text as and wherever Iran By the State Museum of Turkmenistan Email: [email protected] deemed necessary. 52-65 Rep. Kazakhstan 118-125 Rep. Uzbekistan National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan: The State Museum of Arts of Uzbekistan A Reflection of Past, Present & Future History, Museum Collections, Applied Arts, Fine Arts, History, Museum Sections, Halls of Ancient & Art of Russia & Countries of Western Europe, Art of Medieval History, History, Ethnography, Independent the Foreign East Countries Kazakhstan, Gold, Astana, Modern Art. By the State Museum of Arts of Uzbekistan By Kazakhstan National Museum Message of the Director-in-Charge Spirit of History: National Museums in ECO Region VOL. 8, WINTER 2019 he long history of museums dates back to of social events and help establish peace. As institutions possessing critical 2,500 years ago when the Babylonian princess, T resources in societies, they can encourage, promote and foster the best of the ISSUE 22, Ennigaldi-Nanna, built the world’s first museum the cultural and democratic ideals of the nations. remains of which was discovered in the 6th-century- National museusm possess a large capacity to create and reinforce concepts BC levels of the Babylonian city of Ur by archaeologist such as social cohesion, unity, mutual understanding and tolerance among the Sir Leonard Wooley in 1925. Since then, the museum nations and cultures. Considering significant role of the national museums, ECI culture has spread so extensively across the world decided to dedicated this issue of its cultural quarterly to the issue of ‘National over the years that today, it is totally uncommon to Museums in ECO Region’. find any country, even the smallest ones, without While appreciating the support rendered by those esteemed Embassies of the a museum thus indicating that the concept of the member states who have provided content for the current issue of the journal, museum has turned into a global concept. in order to maximize contribution of all Member States and their luminaries, Museums are the cultural institutions of a country the researchers, intellectuals and faculty members of the region are invited to and have long been associated with the tangible aspects of their collections. In provide scholarly material for the magazine. Definitely, their contribution shall line with developments in society, the definition of a museum has evolved Over greatly enrich the journal’s content. the time. Since its creation in 1946, International Council of Museums (ICOM) updates this definition. As per the ICOM definition adopted in 2007, at the 21st General Conferences in Vienna, Austria, “A museum is a non-profit, permanent institution in the service of society and its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Mazaheri and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of President, ECO Cultural Institute education, study and enjoyment”. However, in today’s world, communities are losing both their tangible and intangible heritage very fast. Museums can play the role of a mediator or communication bridge to fill the gaps between the generations through cultural interpretation of the artifacts and with community support and share the cultural information of the societies on a larger platform with different communities and a diverse range of visitors. That is why the museums need to focus on proper conservation and documentation of the tangible and intangible heritage. National museums are institutionalized spaces where the past is being used through collections and objects in order to display, narrate, and negotiate ideas of values, of belonging, and most of all of identity. They can be means of transformation, progress and development; they can portray the reflection ECO HERITAGE - NATIONAL MUSEUMS 6 7 National Museum of Afghanistan ISSUE 22, VOL. 8, WINTER 2019 Collections Preservation, Looting, & Post- Civil War Recovery By: Mohammad Fahim Rahimi Director of National Museum of Afghanistan ECO HERITAGE - NATIONAL MUSEUMS 8 9 called Ajaieb-Khana (House of Wonders), which is a Afghanistan. Unfortunately, this was late and the sort of cabinet
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