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INDEX

114 224 307 308 316   Abbadids, , , , , Abu¯l-H· asan Alı¯ ibn Na¯fi . See Zirya¯b 16 21 104 121 3 202 212 217   422 Abbasids, , , , n. , , , , Abu¯l-H· asan Arı¯b ibn Sa ¯dı al-Ka¯tib, 398 225 Abu¯l-H· asan Muh·ammad ibn Wa¯jib,   69 63 Abd Alla¯h (son of Abd al-Rah·man II), Abu¯l-H· usayn ibn h·a¯sib,    359 Abd Alla¯h (grandson of Abd al-Rah·man Abu¯ Ina¯n, II), 69 Abulafia, Samuel Halevi, 11, 94 Abd al-Aziz, 360–1 Abu¯ Madyan, 332   338 196 Abd al- Azı¯z al-Mahdawı¯, Abu¯Muh·ammad ibn Ma¯lik al-Qurt·ubı¯,   73 437 Abd al-Mun im al-Jilya¯nı¯ al-Andalusı¯, Abu¯ l-Nas·r al-Mans·u¯r, Abd al-Mutammim, 318 Abu¯Nuwa¯s, 186 n. 10, 211, 217, 219, 223–4,  16 103 108 109 213 295 364 449 134 6 137 Abd al-Rah·ma¯n I, , , , , ; and , , ; and wine poetry, – , , Great Mosque of Córdoba, 17, 84, 161; and 295, 299 Madı¯nat al-Zahra¯
, 25, 27, 28 Abu¯ l-Qa¯sim ibn al-Atta¯r, 186 n. 4  63 69 83 105 359 Abd al-Rah·ma¯n II, , , , ; and Abu¯Sa¯lim, 64 108 109 73 117 Zirya¯b, , , Abu¯ l-Salt· Umayya, ,  43 70 106 109 444 213 218 260 295 314 364 Abd al-Rah·ma¯n III, , , , , ; Abu¯ Tamma¯m, , , , , , , cultivation of knowledge by, 109, 110, 113, 390, 398 117, 422; and Great Mosque of Córdoba, Abuteus the Levite, 409–10 161; and Madı¯nat al-Zahra¯
, 27, 29, 86 Abu¯ Ubayda ibn al-Muthanna¯, 102  218 239  117 Abd al-Rah·ma¯n IV, , Abu¯ Ubayda al-Laythı¯,  239  318 319 Abd al-Rah·ma¯n V, Abu¯Yaqu¯b Yu¯suf, ,   354 Abd al-Rah·ma¯n ibn Abı¯ al- Abba¯s al-Ka¯tib. Abu¯Yazı¯d al-Bist·a¯mı¯, 139 173 4 See al-At·ra¯banishı¯ al-Abyad·, Abu¯ Bakr, , –  104 100 107 9 115 119 120 155 190 192 Abd al-Rah·ma¯n Shabt·u¯n, adab, , – , , , , , , ,  194 199 259 340 365 404 420 421 436 Abd al-Wa¯h·id al-Marra¯kushı¯. See al- , , , , , , , , ,  451 473 Marra¯kushı¯, Abd al-Wa¯h·id , Abelard, Peter, 287 Adelard of Bath, 405 Abentarique, Tarif, 481 Aftasids, 224 Aboab, Isaac, 460–61 Aghushtı¯n, 429 Abravenel, Judah, 214 al-Ajfa¯
, 63 Abu¯A¯mr al-Da¯nı¯, 111 Alam, 63 Abu¯ l-Ata¯hiya, 260, 364 Albertus Magnus, 286, 408, 410 38 40 48 72 Abu¯ Bakr Muh·ammad ibn Muh·ammad, Alcalá, Pedro de, , , , 306–7 Alcazar of Seville, 94  225 226 98 116 289 90 2 406 407 410 Abu¯H· afs· Umar, , alchemy, , , – n. , , , 497

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498 index

Alcuin, 36 Armanius. See Romanus Alfonsi, Petrus, 8, 15, 282–91, 405 Asá, Abraham, 458, 462 50 118 283 Alfonso I “the Battler” of Aragon, , , Asbag. See Qa¯sim ibn As·bagh Alfonso IV of Aragon, 70 al-Asha¯, 219, 220 Alfonso VI of León and Castile, 268; and al-Ashraf Mu¯sa¯, 206 50 418 430  102 108 109 conquest of Toledo, , , ; and al-As·ma ¯,ı , , suppression of Mozarabic liturgy, 61, 88, astrology, 98, 110, 116, 119, 286, 289–90 n. 2, 418, 431 339, 406 Alfonso VIII of Castile, 423 astronomy, 97, 110, 116, 117, 119, 218, 319, Alfonso X “the Wise” of Castile and León, 404, 406, 444. See also Alfonsi, Petrus 70 120 385 423 379 80 381 , , , ; as patron of translation, al-At·ra¯banishı¯, – , 21, 290 n. 2, 405 Augustine, St., 478 Algabbai, Jacob ben Moses, 457 al-Auza¯¯,ı 103–4, 122 n. 3 Algazel. See al-Ghaza¯lı¯ Avempace. See Ibn Ba¯jja Alhambra, 3–6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 94 Averroes. See Ibn Rushd 265 Alh·arizi, Judah, Avicebron. See Ibn Gabirol, Solomon Alı¯ ibn Bishrı¯, 74 Avicenna. See Ibn Sı¯na¯  205 369 70 Alı¯ ibn Rid·wan, Ayala, Pero López de, –  224 429  340 Alı¯ ibn Yu¯suf, , Ayn al-Shams Niz·a¯m, Alı¯ Iqba¯l al-Dawla, 239 Ayyubids, 333 Alı¯ Sarmiento, 476, 480 89 232 4 362 Aljafería, , – Ba¯b al-Mah·ru¯q, Aljamiado, 10, 15, 41, 54–6, 121, 430, 474–5 Ba¯b al-Mardu¯m, 10, 93, 162 Almohads, 41, 111, 118, 430, 440; invasion of, Bacon, Roger, 408 198, 292; as religious-cultural purists, 11, Ba¯dı¯s, 252, 256 91–2, 112–13, 318 al-Ba¯jı¯, Abu¯ l-Walı¯d, 111, 238, 239 Almoravids, 41, 50, 111, 118, 224, 292; Balaam, 288 displacement of Jews by, 252, 272, 283; as ballads, 27, 455, 459, 462, 464–6, 483 religious-cultural purists, 91, 112, 113; Banegas, Yu¯se, 476, 480 satirized by Ibn Quzma¯n, 293–4, 296–8, Banu¯ Abba¯d. See Abbadids 299, 301 Banu¯ Amir. See Amirids Almosnino, Moses, 460 Banu¯Hu¯d, 114 Alu¯n, 63–4 Banu¯ Makhzu¯m, 306 Alvarus of Córdoba, 46, 83, 419, 420 Banu¯Muja¯hid, 224  140 2 al-A ma¯, – Banu¯Nas·r. See Nasrids 64 224 al-Amı¯n, Banu¯s·uma¯dih·, al-Amirı¯, 114 Banu¯Wa¯jib, 226 70 113 114 218 220 221 222 105 Amirids, , , , , , , Banu¯Yah·ya¯, Anatoli ben Joseph, 378 Banu¯ Zuhr, 101, 117 anthropomorphism, 259, 322, 445 Baray de Reminyˆo, 472, 475 aphorisms, 38, 287–9, 315, 437, 449 Barbastro, raid on, 71 Aquinas, Thomas, St., 410, 478 Bashsha¯r ibn Burd, 217 Aragon, 55, 413 Beatus, 419 Aramaic, 41, 45, 443, 446 Ben Eleazar, Jacob, 201 architecture, 5, 6, 10, 11, 17, 55, 83–95, 380. See Ben Solomon, Ezra, 153 also individual structures Berbers, 12, 13, 38, 50, 112, 244, 272, 292, 294, Argüeti, Isaac, 460 301, 395; and destruction of Madı¯nat al- Aristotle, 96, 116, 119, 260, 288, 290 n. 2, 319, Zahra¯
, 6, 340; and language, 38, 40–1, 57 320, 322, 323, 325, 405, 406, 407, 408 n. 5; and maqama, 195; and music, 60, 63

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index 499

Bible: allusions to, 138, 145, 146–7, 273, 275; Descartes, René, 320 citations of, 44–5, 175, 205, 259, 266, 422; Diomedes, 475 commentaries on, 42, 45, 53, 265, 285, 438, Dioscorides, 117, 422 443, 446–9, 459–60; language of, 44–5, Donin, Nicholas, 290 n. 5 445; as sourcebook, 45, 204, 214, 267; drama, 464 study of, 419, 438, 439, 445; translations of, dream interpretation, 97, 98 13, 42, 43, 49, 407, 422–8, 442, 457–9 Dunash ben Labrat, 45, 214, 272, 446, 449 Bilqı¯s, 149 Dunash Ibn Tamı¯m, 436 Binjinsiyus. See Vincentius 319 329 1 405 406 408 409 479 al-Bit·ru¯jı¯, , n. , , , , Ebnatar, Tesifón, Boabdil, 4 Eckehart, Meister, 354 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 289 education, 96–103, 238, 406–7, 474 Boethius, 407 El Tránsito, 10 213 314 390 260 al-Buh·turı¯, , , Empedocles, Buluquía, legend of, 473 Enalrabí, Cecilio, 479 Buthayna and Jamı¯l, story of, 306 Encina, Juan del, 56 Enoch, 288 Capella Palatina, 373 eroticism, 127–8, 142, 143, 169–70, 173–4, Capua, Juan de, 290 n. 9 175, 178, 182, 267, 301–2, 309, 477–8 Caro, Joseph, 460 esotericism, 107, 111, 175, 332, 333, 334–6 Carrión, Don Santo de. See Shem Tob Espinosa, Francisco de, 474 Ardutiel Euclid, 116, 290 n. 2 Castillo, Alonso del, 479 Eulogius of Córdoba, 49, 83–4, 86, 91 Castro, Pedro Vaca de, 479 Eunomius, 428 Catalan, 47, 345 exile, 3, 13, 16, 95, 237, 244, 418, 430, 456, 458, Cervantes, Miguel de, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 248, 473, 474, 480–4; as poetic theme, 147, 266, 289, 482, 483 252–3, 256, 258, 271–5, 312. See also Ibn 4 71 94 Charles V, , , h·amdı¯s Christiani, Pablo, 290 n. 5 expulsion decrees, 33, 473 Cid (Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar), 23 n. 3 417 63 Cisneros, Cardinal, Fad·l, 377 314 Constance of Sicily, al-Fad·l ibn Sahl, Constantine Porphyrogenitus, 422 al-Fa¯ra¯bı¯, 69, 116, 118, 119, 320, 449 conversos, 282, 285, 286, 290 n. 5, 457, 465, al-Farazdaq, 260 482 al-Fa¯sı¯, David ben Abraham, 445 convivencia, 14 al-Fasi, Isaac, 460 319 228 5 Copernicus, al-Fath· ibn Aflah·, n. coplas, 462–4 Fatimids, 92, 398–9 Córdoba, 3, 4, 5, 17, 21, 22, 25, 28, 50, 61, 65, Fayru¯z, 62 72, 83–6, 92, 93, 99, 105, 109, 113, 130, 159, Ferdinand II of Aragon, 4, 56, 480 177, 237, 244, 269, 308, 312, 401 Ferdinand III of Castile and León, 5 Counter Reformation, 57 frame-tale tradition, 287–9, 354–6 Covenant of Umar, 91 Frederick II, 377, 378, 381, 382, 383–6, 404, Crescas del Caylar, 464 405–6 crypto-Muslims, 56, 458, 472–87 Frederick III of Sicily, 347

al-Da¯khil, 315 Galen, 116, 260, 290 n. 2, 319, 428 Dante, 354, 404, 407, 410 Galileo, 319 Darwı¯sh, Sayyid, 62 Garcés, Fortun, 70

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500 index

Garcilaso de la Vega, 483, 484 Halevi, Judah, 147, 214, 256, 265–81, 378, 435, gardens: of Islamic palaces, 2–3, 4, 6, 234, 438, 440, 450, 458, 459; and muwashshah, 373; in poetry, 127, 135, 142–7, 155, 213, 214, 21, 142, 173–4, 175, 176, 267, 269, 276, 278 274, 306, 312–14, 379 ha-Levi, Solomon. See Sancta María, Pablo Generalife, 2–3, 6 de geography, 378, 406, 444 ha-Levi, Todros, 202 Gerard of Cremona, 289 n. 2, 405 al-Hamadha¯nı¯, 190, 191–3, 194, 199, 205, 207 Ghassa¯niyya, 219 n. 2, 315, 365 Ghayla¯n (Dhu¯ al-Rumma), 128 Hamid, Abdul, 463 ghazal, 126–58, 169–70, 175, 234 Hammudids, 218, 223 al-Ghaza¯l, 109, 117 Hanafism, 104 111 112 118 238 289 2 296 191 4 195 196 199 205 206 365 al-Ghaza¯lı¯, , , , , n. , , al-H· arı¯rı¯, – , , , , , , , 297 338 350 481 484 430 , , , , . See also Ibn t·ufayl 212 214 201 202 203 7 Ghaznavids, , al-H· arı¯zı¯, Judah, , , – al-Ghazza¯l, 342 n. 11 Ha¯ru¯n al-Rashı¯d, 64 382 5 128 Giacomo da Lentini, – H· assa¯n ibn Tha¯bit, 428 260 Godemaro, al-H· a¯timi, 248 476 483 484 45 446 7 448 Góngora, Luis de, , , , H· ayyu¯j, Judah, , – , grammar, 33–57, 97, 102, 113, 178, 198, 218, Hebrew, 10, 11, 33, 41–6, 52–3, 54, 55, 57, 166, 287, 435, 437, 438, 445, 446–8, 449 171, 172, 175, 178, 186 n. 2, 197–207, 214, Granada, 1–6, 9, 15, 40, 46, 50, 54, 72, 93, 94, 260, 269, 283, 284–5, 287, 404, 427, 435–8, 100, 103, 119, 120, 147, 359, 360, 363, 430, 439, 440, 443, 444–51, 455, 456, 457–8, 459 474, 475, 480 Henry of Trastámara, 6 Great Mosque of Córdoba, 7, 8, 17, 18, 84, 85, Henry II of England, 385 86, 88, 94, 159–62, 413–14 Henry VI of Germany, 377 Great Mosque of Damascus, 161 Herman of Carinthia, 405 Great Mosque of Seville, 91, 92 Hippocrates, 116, 260 Gregory VII, 417 Hisha¯m, 16 Gregory IX, 383 Hisha¯m I, 104, 110 Grosseteste, Robert, 405 Hisha¯m II, 28, 70 Guifred the Frank, 428 Huesca, 50, 283 405 194 Gundisalvi, Dominicus, al-H· ujrı¯, Abu¯ Bakr ibn Azhar, 205 H· unayn ibn Ish·a¯q, 252 192 H· abbu¯s, al-H· us·rı¯, hadith, 338; in poetry, 150, 154, 155 n. 2, 394–5; study of, 97, 101, 105, 106, 111–12, Ibn al-Abba¯r, 113, 364 194, 332, 334 Ibn Abba¯s, 472 Hafsids, 119 Ibn Abd al-Barr, 111
74  64 109 170 245 253 al-H· a¯ ik, Muh·ammad ibn al-H· usayn, , Ibn Abd Rabbih, , , , , 93 Ibn Abd al-Rafı¯
al-Andalusı¯, 474 108 104 5 121 2  333 al-H· akam I, ; and Malikism, – , – Ibn Abd al-Sala¯m, n. 3; and singers and musicians, 63–4, 66, Ibn Abdu¯s, Abu¯ a¯mir, 310–11 437  Ibn Abı¯ a¯mir. See al-Mans·u¯r 70  195 al-H· akam II, ; cultivation of knowledge Ibn Abı¯ al-Khis·a¯l, Abu¯ Abd Alla¯h, by, 102, 110, 113, 117, 422, 426; and Great Ibn Abı¯ Rabı¯a, 146 Mosque of Córdoba, 86, 161; and Madı¯nat Ibn Abı¯ Shayba, 106 al-Zahra¯
, 27 Ibn Abı¯ Udhayba, 68

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index 501

 422 202 Ibn Abı¯Us·aybi a, Ibn al-Fakhkha¯r, Abraham,  364 113 Ibn Abı¯Zar , Ibn al-Farad·¯,ı 307 136 147 8 Ibn Aflah·, Abu¯ Bakr Musallim ibn Ah·mad, Ibn al-Fa¯rid·, , – 360 Ibn al-Ah·mar. See Muh·ammad I of Granada Ibn Farku¯n, Ibn Amma¯r, 364 Ibn Firna¯s, 117 Ibn Aqnı¯n, Joseph, 265, 442–3, 449 Ibn Gabbai, Abu¯ l-Rabı¯, 278 n. 4 Ibn al-Arabı¯, Abu¯ Bakr, 111, 112, 238 Ibn Gabirol, Solomon, 289 n. 2, 424, 437,  21 73 111 271 440 441 450 460 1 2 3 175 Ibn Arabı¯, Muh·yı¯ l-Dı¯n, , , , , , , , ; poetry of, – , , , 331–44, 481; love poetry of, 126, 139, 214, 256, 272, 458, 459 148–55, 175, 214, 340–1 Ibn Gharsiya, 114 Ibn al-Arı¯f, Abu¯l-Abba¯s, 113 Ibn Gha¯zı¯, Abu¯ Bakr, 361, 362 Ibn al-Arı¯f, Abu¯ l-Qa¯sim, 451 Ibn Ghiya¯th, Isaac, 252, 438, 447 Ibn a¯shir, 359 Ibn Ghiya¯th, Judah, 268 Ibn Ba¯jja, 116; and music, 65–6, 67, 75, 171–2; Ibn Gikatilla, Moses, 446, 447 116 117 18 119 249 1 105 and philosophy, , – , , n. , Ibn H· abı¯b, 260 277 318 319 326 7 440 442 196 203 , , , , – , , Ibn al-H· adı¯d, ,  447 364 388 403 Ibn Bal am, Judah, Ibn H· amdı¯s, , – 140 1 295 67 Ibn Baqı¯, – , Ibn H· amma¯ra, 113 337 8  218 223 228 Ibn Barraja¯n, , – Ibn H· ammu¯d al-Idrı¯sı¯, Alı¯, , , n. Ibn Barun, Abu¯Ibra¯hı¯m, 435 10 113 364 436 444 Ibn Bashkuwa¯l, , Ibn H· asdai, Abu¯ l-Fad·l, , 364 442 192 196 67 Ibn Bassam, , ; on maqama, , ; Ibn al-H· a¯sib, on muwashshah, 115, 166, 168, 170, 177, Ibn al-Haytham, 329 n. 1 180 182 183 64 108 109 114 364 437 , , Ibn H· ayya¯n, , , , , , 358 207 2 4 Ibn Bat·t·u¯ta, Ibn H· azm, Abu¯ Mughı¯ra, nn. , 49 425  8 15 19 Ibn Bilashku, Ish·a¯q, , Ibn H· azm, Abu¯Muh·ammad Alı¯, , , , 114 21 207 2 237 51 261 306 423 438 Ibn Burd al-As·ghar, , n. , – , , , , , 73 442 96 9 116 Ibn al-Dahha¯n al-Maws·ilı¯, ; categories of knowledge, – , , 113 214 217 20 221 117 240 241 3 114 Ibn Darra¯j al-Qast·allı¯, , , – , , , , – ; classification of love, , 224 136, 143–5, 238, 245–6; and language, 46, Ibn Da¯
u¯d, Abraham, 265, 451 246–7; poetry of, 143–5, 155, 217, 237, 258; 367 106 111 240 Ibn Da¯ya, Ah·mad, and Zahirism, , ,  307  240 Ibn Dhakwa¯n, Abu¯l-Abba¯s, Ibn H· azm, Abu¯ Rafı¯ al-Fad·l, Ibn Dhakwa¯n, Abu¯ Bakr, 314 Ibn Hu¯d, 5 166 364  114 364 Ibn Dih·ya, , Ibn Idha¯rı¯, , 109
442 Ibn Durayd, Ibn Ish·a¯q al-Isra¯ ¯lıı ¯, Joseph, Ibn Ezra, Abraham, 53, 139, 174, 175, 262 n. 1, Ibn al-Ishtarku¯nı¯. See al-Saraqustı¯, Abu¯l- 265 438 447 458 , , , T· a¯hir Muh·ammad ibn Yu¯suf al-Tamı¯mı¯ Ibn Ezra, Isaac (brother of Moses Ibn Ezra), Ibn Jabir, 233 252 307 8 310 314 Ibn Jahwar, Abu¯l-H· azm, – , , Ibn Ezra, Isaac (son of Abraham Ibn Ezra), Ibn Jahwar, Abu¯ l-Qa¯sim, 194 278 n. 4 Ibn Jahwar, Abu¯ l-Walı¯d, 307–8, 314 19 252 64 424 436 437 53 436 438 441 446 447 Ibn Ezra, Moses, , – , , , , Ibn Jana¯h·, Jonah, , , , , , , 439, 442, 446, 448, 449, 450, 458; 448 association with Judah Halevi, 173, 265, Ibn al-Jayya¯b, 358 267, 268, 274; poetry of, 138–9, 146–7, 175, Ibn Jubayr, 366, 378, 386 n. 1 214, 252–9, 260, 261–2, 272, 274, 435, 458 Ibn Ju¯dı¯, 67

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502 index

Ibn Juljul, 110, 117, 422, 428 Ibn Quzma¯n, 48, 137, 141, 143, 177, 180, 182, 211 214 224 5 226 186 11 217 248 292 305 Ibn Khafa¯ja, Abu¯Ish·a¯q, , , – , , n. , , , – 227; nature in love poetry of, 143, 145–6, Ibn Rashı¯q, 260, 364, 430 274–5, 314 Ibn al-Ru¯mı¯, 213, 217, 364  6 7 23 4 366 Ibn Khaldu¯n, Abd al-Rah·ma¯n, – , n. , Ibn Rushayd, 80, 104, 113, 120, 142, 293, 296; association Ibn Rushd, 19, 21, 99, 111, 112, 116, 117, 120 358 359 360 362 118 19 286 318 19 320 323 350 405 with Ibn al-Khat·¯b,ı , , , , , – , , – , , , , , 367; classification of knowledge, 98–9, 406, 407–8, 410, 481 107; on historical process, 7, 369, 370; on Ibn al-Sabbagh, 175 muwashshah, 60, 165, 171, 186 n. 3 Ibn Sab¯n,ı 120, 377 358 214 364 436 Ibn Khaldu¯n, Yah·ya¯, Ibn Sahl al-Ishbı¯lı¯, Ibra¯hı¯m, , , , 115 196 307 364 370 437 Ibn Kha¯qa¯n, al-Fath·, , , , , n. 10 Ibn Sahl al-Isra¯
¯lı¯.ı See Ibn Sahl al-Ishbı¯lı¯,  361 Ibn al-Khat·¯b,ı Alı¯, Ibra¯hı¯m 15 74 113 120  114 115 120 293 364 Ibn al-Khat·¯b,ı Lisa¯n al-Dı¯n, , , , , Ibn Sa ¯dı al-Maghribı¯, , , , , , 358–71 420–1, 422, 436 193 194 117 Ibn Khayr, , Ibn Samh·, Ibn al-Labba¯na, 214, 364 Ibn Sana¯
al-Mulk, 68–9, 74, 75, 165–6, Ibn Lubba¯l al-Sharı¯shı¯, 194 168–9, 172, 175, 176, 177, 180, 182 106 113 199 201 265 Ibn Makhlad, Baqı¯, , Ibn s·aqbel, Solomon, , , 331 444 6 Ibn Mardanı¯sh, Ibn Saruq, Menah·em, – 358 359 364 Ibn Marzu¯q, , Ibn al-S·ayrafı¯, Ibn Masarra, Abd Alla¯h, 106–7 Ibn Sayyid, 117 106 7 113  206 Ibn Masarra, Muh·ammad, – , Ibn al-Sha a¯r, Ibn Maslama, Abu¯ a¯mir, 315 Ibn Shabbetai, Judah, 202  421  195 196 Ibn al-Mir izzı¯ al-Nas·ra¯nı¯, Ibn al-Shahı¯d, Abu¯H· afs· Umar, , , Ibn Miskawayh, 325 203 Ibn al-Muallim, Abu¯ Ayyu¯b,436 Ibn Shamma¯kh, 207 n. 3 253 444 214 422 428 444 445 Ibn al-Muha¯jir, Abraham, , Ibn Shaprut, H· asdai, , , , , , Ibn al-Muqaffa, 290 n. 9 446 Ibn al-Mutazz, 260, 364 Ibn Sharaf al-Qayrawa¯nı¯, 201, 207 n. 3 Ibn Nagrila, Joseph, 3, 4, 252, 436–7 Ibn Shuhayd al-Andalusı¯, 114, 137–8, 143, 155, Ibn Nagrila, Samuel, 3, 4, 238, 242, 252, 256, 192–3, 220–4, 225, 226, 315, 442 274 436 7 438 442 444 447 449 50 251 224 260 , – , , , , , – , Ibn al-Sı¯d al-Bat·alyawsı¯, , , 451; poetry of, 136–7, 139–40, 145, 171, Ibn Sı¯na¯, 116, 117, 118, 289 n. 2, 320, 325, 326, 214 406, 407, 408 Ibn Nuba¯ta, 315 Ibn Ta¯shfı¯n, Yu¯suf, 41, 117, 118, 292, 443 438 440 441 459 460 329 1 Ibn Paquda, Bah·ya, , , , , Ibn Tibbon, Moses, n. 266 276 112 117 118 119 286 318 30 Ibn Parh·on, Solomon, , Ibn T·ufayl, , , , , , –  41 112 318 404 Ibn al-Qaffa¯l. See al-Qud·a¯ ¯,ı Abu¯l-H· ajja¯j Ibn Tu¯mart, , , ,  106 113 Yu¯suf ibn Alı¯ Ibn Wad·d·a¯h·, Muh·ammad, ,
443 360 Ibn Qamni el, Abu¯l-H· asan Meir, Ibn Yaflu¯sı¯n, Ibn Qası¯, 113, 337–8 Ibn Zabarra, 288 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, 136 Ibn Zaddiq, Joseph, 173–4 Ibn Quraysh, Judah, 45, 436, 445 Ibn Zamrak, 10, 214, 358, 360, 361, 362 Ibn Qurrah, Theodore, 421 Ibn al-Zaqqa¯q al-Balansı¯, 214, 222, 224–7 Ibn Qutayba, 212, 260 Ibn Zarqulla¯h, 117 64 113 364  306 Ibn al-Qu¯t·iyya, , , Ibn Zaydu¯n, Abd Alla¯h,

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index 503

Ibn Zaydu¯n, Abu¯ Bakr, 308 John I of Aragon, 70 Ibn Zaydu¯n, Abu¯ l-Walı¯d, 15, 113, 128–9, 142, John II of Castile and León, 70 143, 146, 214, 269, 306–17; Nu¯niyya, John of the Cross, St., 485 n. 4 129–34, 311–12, 491–6 John of Damascus, 421 Ibn al-Zubayr, 113, 364, 370 n. 7 John Paul II, 417 Ibn Zuhr, Abd al-Malik, 117 Joseph ben Simeon, 208 n. 10 Ibn Zuhr, Abu¯l-Ala¯, 117 Juan de Mariana, 423 66 214 288 Ibn Zuhr, Abu¯ Bakr Muh·ammad, , Juan Manuel, Don, Ibn Zuhr, Abu¯Marwa¯n, 117 Juan of Seville, 423 Idrı¯s, 149  126 151 153 154 155 325 al-Idrı¯sı¯, Alı¯ ibn H· ammu¯d. See Ibn Kaaba, , , , , ,   192 207 3 H· ammu¯d al-Idrı¯sı¯, Alı¯. al-Kala¯ ¯,ı , n. 378  395 al-Idrı¯sı¯, Muh·ammad ibn Muh·ammad, al-Kalbı¯, al-H· asan ibn Alı¯,
117 260 261 338 449  463 Ikhwa¯n al-S·afa¯ , , , , , Kal í, Judah, Ima¯d al-Dı¯n, 378–9, 380 Kalonymus ben David, 329 n. 1 Immanuel of Rome, 202 Kant, Immanuel, 323 Imru
al-Qays, 146, 148, 186 n. 10, 220, 260 Kaykau¯s, 333 Iñiga. See Onneca Kempis, Thomas à, 481 4 56 57 458 474 477 102 Inquisition, , , , , , al-Khalı¯l ibn Ah·mad, intermarriage, 13, 57 n. 5, 69–70, 181 al-Khansa¯
, 144, 145 Iohannes Hispalensis, 289 n. 2 kharjas, 39, 45, 48–9, 55, 75–7, 139, 141–2, 16 168 70 172 4 175 176 178 85 185 6 Iqbal, Muh·ammad, – , – , , , – , – n. Irving, Washington, 3, 7, 21 2, 186 nn. 6–8 and 11, 269, 276, 432 n. 2, Isabella of Castile, 4, 56 449 63 64 284 286 287 al-Is·faha¯nı¯, Abu¯ l-Faraj, , al-Khawa¯rizmı¯, , ,
239 245 228 5 239 al-Is·faha¯nı¯, Abu¯ Sulayma¯n Da¯ u¯d, , Khayra¯n, n. ,
295 276 7 444 al-Is·faha¯nı¯, Ibn Da¯ u¯d, Khazars, – , 429 Ish·a¯q ibn Balashk al-Qurt·ubı¯. See Ibn al-Khazrajı¯, 459 460 Bilashku, Ish·a¯q Khuli, Jacob, , 64 46 Ish·a¯q al-Maws·ilı¯, al-Khushanı¯, 34 428 53 Isidore of Seville, St., , Kimh·i, David, Isma¯¯lı I of Granada, 358 al-Kirma¯nı¯, 117  359
102 Isma¯ ¯lı (brother of Muh·ammad V), al-Kisa¯ ¯,ı Israeli, Isaac, 436 knowledge, 15, 96–125, 190, 194, 196, 241, Italian, 214, 378, 382, 385 283, 286, 320, 325, 351, 407, 460  111 112 464 Iya¯d·, , Konfino, Moses Samuel, Kutubiyya Mosque, 413 Jaén, 50 Jafar al-Barmakı¯, 314 Labı¯b, 228 n. 5 237 241 260 295 314 315 134 al-Ja¯h·iz·, , , , , , Labı¯d, Jahwarids, 316 La Giralda, 92 James the Apostle, St., 89, 479 Latin, 34–6, 38, 40, 42, 46, 47–52, 55, 56, 83, James I of Aragon, 290 n. 4, 346 176, 178, 199, 283, 284, 286–7, 290 n. 2, James II of Aragon, 70, 346 350, 382, 408, 409–10, 419, 420, 421–2, Jarı¯r, 295 424, 426, 429 al-Jayya¯nı¯. See al-Ghaza¯l La Zisa, 373, 380, 381 Jerome, St., 424, 425, 428 León, 414 Jesus, 149, 150, 282, 286, 337, 348, 477, 479 libraries, 102, 282

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504 index

liturgy, 60–1, 88, 374, 417–19, 431, 436; Marinids, 119, 359, 360 45 166 171 174 5 177  66 114 293 liturgical poetry, , , , – , , al-Marra¯kushı¯, Abd al-Wa¯h·id, , , , 178, 257–8, 267, 438, 439, 457–9 318, 319 Llull, Ramon, 15, 276–7, 345–57 al-Marra¯kushı¯, Ibn Abd al-Ma¯lik, 113 logic, 97, 111, 112, 115, 116, 119, 240, 243, 286 Martin of Braga, St., 427 Lope de Vega, Félix, 476, 484 Martínez de Cantalapiedra, Martín, 485 n. 4 Lorki, Joshua. See Sancta Fide, Maestro al-Mayu¯rqı¯, 113 Hieronymus de al-Masu¯dı¯, 315, 428
238 245 46  360 love: Ibn h·azm s conception of, , – ; Mas u¯d ibn Masa¯y, poetry, 126–58; Ramon Llull and, 351–53. mathematics, 97, 99, 110, 116, 117, 119, 283, See also individual poets and poetic genres 290 n. 2, 404–5, 408, 444 Luna, Miguel de, 479, 481 medicine, 42, 97, 100, 101, 110, 116, 117, 119, Luqma¯n, 288 120, 282, 290 n. 2, 404–5, 406, 437, 444 memory, 3, 6, 7, 17, 20, 21, 29, 88, 94, 127, al-Maarrı¯, 260 154, 238, 243–4, 391, 395–8, 399, 401, 466, Machiavelli, 348 474 al-Madı¯na al-Za¯hira, 28 metaphysics, 116, 119, 350, 404–5, 436. See
4 6 25 9 86 146 159 Madı¯nat al-Zahra¯ , , , – , , , , also Ibn T· ufayl 162 340 460 , Mitrani, Menah·em, magic, 98, 110, 119, 406, 407 moralistic literature, 461–2 Magriso, Isaac, 460 Morgan Beatus, 85–6, 87, 89 Maimonides, Moses, 53, 117, 119, 205, 208 n. Moriscos, 10, 15, 33, 40, 41, 54, 55–6, 71, 72, 10, 286, 319, 323–4, 384, 408, 410, 437, 438, 121, 290 n. 4, 430, 431, 458, 472–87 442 443 460 413 , , Mosque of H· asan, Maius, 85–6 Mosque of Seville, 413 Majnu¯n and Layla, tale of, 127, 154, 306 Mozarabic, 34, 46–7, 166, 168, 178, 183, 417, 116 117 432 2 455 al-Majrı¯t·¯,ı Abu¯ l-Qa¯sim, , n. , 314 8 13 15 20 46 48 49 50 51 2 al-Makkı¯, Abu¯T·a¯lib, Mozarabs, , , , , , , – , – , Ma¯lik ibn Anas, 104–6, 121–22 n. 3, 239, 83, 84–5, 86, 88, 89, 91, 211, 282, 295, 427 417–34 Malikism, 104–6, 110–11, 112, 113, 233, 239, al-Muallim, 196 296, 331 Muba¯rak, 228 n. 5 al-Malik al-Mu
ayyad Ima¯d al-Dı¯n, 312 al-Mubarrad, 441 Mamluks, 119 Mudejar (architecture), 5, 6, 11, 92–4, 282, al-Ma
mu¯n, 64 373, 378, 412–14 al-Ma
mu¯n of Toledo, 233 Mudejares, 41, 42, 54, 55, 121, 282, 290 n. 4, Mancebo de Arévalo, 472, 475, 476, 480–82 413–14, 430 92 121 3 369 451 86 101 104 128 132 144 149 al-Mans·u¯r, , n. , , ; and Great Muhammad, , , , , , , , Mosque of Córdoba, 162; and al-Madı¯na 153, 175, 214, 246, 325, 328, 349, 361, 472, al-Za¯hira, 28–29; as patron of Ibn Darra¯j 477, 483 217 218 20 228 4  al-Qast·allı¯, , – , n. Muhammad (father of Abd al-Rah·ma¯n III), manuscripts, destruction of, 4, 361 70 8 19 165 190 210 365 6 367 430 5 106 109 maqama, , , , – , – , , Muh·ammad I of Granada, , , 7 14 20 21 63 64 100 104 115 6 120 214 359 al-Maqqarı¯, , , , , , , , , , Muh·ammad V of Granada, , , , , 120, 240, 293, 315, 359, 363, 421, 422, 436, 360, 361 437 451 362 , Muh·ammad V of Morocco,  70 441 Maria (mother of Abd al-Rah·ma¯n III), al-Muh·a¯sibı¯,  361 309 al-Marı¯nı¯, Abu¯l-Abba¯s Ah·mad, Muhja,

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index 505

Muja¯hid, 117, 218, 239 oral transmission, 20, 67, 99, 101–2, 170–1, al-Mundhir, 218, 228 n. 6 181, 288, 455, 462–6  422 al-Murtad·a¯. See Abd al-Rah·ma¯n IV Orosius, Mu¯sa¯ ibn Maimu¯n. See Maimonides, Moses Ortega y Gasset, José, 248 music, 11, 60–82, 170, 171–2, 179, 225, 406, Orwell, George, 354–5 449. See also individual forms Ottoman Empire, 72 musical instruments, 65, 68, 72, 79–80, 172  218 461 al-Musta ¯n,ı Sulayma¯n ibn al-H· akam, , Papo, Eliezer, 222–3, 239 Papo, Judah ben Eliezer, 461 al-Mustakfı¯, 306, 308 Pérez, Juan. See Taybili  83 al-Mustazhir. See Abd al-Rah·ma¯n V Perfectus,  196 307 308 314 315 319 al-Mu tad·id, , , , , Peripatetics, al-Mu
taman, 117 Peter the Venerable, 285, 290 n. 8 al-Mutamid, 70, 117, 211, 214, 272, 307, 308, Peter I “the Cruel” of Castile, 6, 94, 360 314, 364, 421 Peter III of Aragon, 70 al-Mu
tamin, 220, 221, 222, 228 n. 8 Peter IV of Aragon, 70 al-Mutanabbı¯, 211, 217, 218, 219, 220, 255, Petrarch, 287, 482 256, 260, 269, 295, 316, 364, 390, 449 Philip II of Spain, 71, 481  196 33 473 al-Mu tas·im ibn S·uma¯dih·, Philip III of Spain, , Mutazilism, 106, 107, 241 philosophy, 13, 42, 52, 53, 97, 98, 102, 111, muwashshah, 5, 19, 21, 39, 45, 48, 49, 60, 61, 112–13, 115–19, 120, 198–9, 258, 260, 282, 62, 65, 66, 67–9, 73–4, 75–6, 77, 138, 139, 284, 286, 287, 290 n. 2, 349–50, 377, 140 2 165 89 211 214 217 225 257 260 404 6 408 437 445 – , – , , , , , , , – , , , . See also Ibn T· ufayl 267, 269, 276, 278, 282, 314, 364, 378, 389, piyyut, 177, 178, 272, 458 401, 432 n. 2, 449 Plato, 96, 116–17, 260, 288, 319, 326  214 217 228 4 405 al-Muz·affar, Abd al-Malik, , , n. Plato of Tivoli, 228 5 35 al-Muz·affar of Valencia, n. Plautus, 315 260 326 329 al-Muz·affar Sayf al-Dawla, Plotinus, , , mysticism, 98, 101, 106, 111, 147–55, 175, 202, Porphyry, 260, 326 320, 325, 360. See also Sufism Portuguese, 47, 456 prophecy, 98, 479–80 nashı¯d, 66, 75 Provençal, 8, 186 n. 11 Nasrids, 4, 5, 7, 8, 94, 214, 363 Ptolemy, 110, 116, 145, 289 n. 2, 409 241 al-Naz·z·a¯m, Ibra¯hı¯m ibn Sayya¯r, 475 170 Nebrija, Antonio de, al-Qabrı¯, Muh·ammad Mah·mud, Neoplatonism, 175, 202, 258, 278, 319, 324, al-Qabrı¯, Muqaddam ibn Mu
a¯fa, 186 n. 3 338, 408 al-Qa¯dir, 418 Nichola, 422 Qalam, 63, 64 nomenclature, problems of, 5, 9, 10–14, 34, al-Qa¯lı¯, Isma¯¯l,ı 108, 109, 113 35, 46–7, 92 Qamar, 63 Normans, 282, 373, 377–87, 388, 389, 399 qasida, 10, 19, 74, 165, 167, 170, 176–7, nostalgia, 7, 9, 14, 17, 20, 56, 83, 89, 146–7, 211–31, 253–7, 258, 314. See also Ibn 255 293 340 388 403 484 , , , – , H· amdı¯s; love: poetry nu¯ba, 65, 73, 77–9 al-Qa¯sim, 228 n. 10  360 361 106 484 al-Nuba¯hı¯, Alı¯, , Qa¯sim ibn As·bagh, , Qasmu¯na, 436 69 70 127 Onneca, – Qays ibn al-Mulawwih·, 457   194 Ordóñez de Montalvo, Garci, al-Qud·a¯ ¯,ı Abu¯l-H· ajja¯j Yu¯suf ibn Alı¯,

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506 index

Quda¯ma, 260 Sancta Fide, Maestro Hieronymus de, 290 n. Quevedo, Francisco de, 248, 484 5 Quintilian, 475 Sancta María, Pablo de, 290 n. 5
130 132 136 137 144 5 475 Qur an: allusions to, , , , , – , al-Sanha¯jı¯ ibn al-Jurru¯m, Muh·ammad, 156, 322, 339, 379, 427–8; citations of, 10, San Martín, 93, 413 11, 44, 46, 153, 194, 315–16, 328, 339, 409, San Miguel de Celanova, 86 427–8, 442; commentaries on, 334, 410; San Miguel de Escalada, 85 inscriptions of, 10, 11, 88, 161; San Román, 9–10, 11, 14, 15, 92 interpretations of, 322, 324, 430; language San Salvador, 93 of, 37, 44, 322; literary influence of, 133; Santa María la Blanca, 92, 93 study of, 97, 99, 238, 419; translations of, Santa María Mediavilla, 413 55, 404, 410, 442 Santa María Nuova, 372–4 424 429 89 90 1 92 al-Qurt·ubı¯ (appellation), , Santiago de Compostela, , – , 49 424 5 50 89 al-Qu¯t·¯,ı H· afs· ibn Alba¯r, , – Saragossa, , al-Saraqustı¯, Abu¯l-T· a¯hir Muh·ammad ibn al-Rama¯dı¯, Yu¯suf, 170, 214 Yu¯suf al-Tamı¯mı¯, 194–5, 196 70 457 Ramón Berenguer II, S·arfati, Joseph ben Samuel, 70 66 75 al-Rashı¯d, ·sawt·, , rationalism, 111–12, 115–16, 296, 349–50 science, 42, 52, 53, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 110, Raymond, Archbishop, 290 n. 2 115–19, 120, 198–9, 282, 284, 286–7, 319, Reconquest, 4, 5, 10, 11, 14, 15, 48, 50–4, 178, 377, 383–4, 404–5, 408, 436, 445 332, 346, 359, 388 Scot, Michael, 21, 329 n. 1, 404–11 Reconquista. See Reconquest Scuola Siciliana, 377–8 Robert of Ketton, 405, 410 Sefarad, 7, 14, 274, 277, 278, 442 Roger II of Sicily, 377, 378–9, 380–1, 382, 388 Sefaradi, Moses. See Alfonsi, Petrus Rojas, Fernando de, 456, 482 Seljuqs, 212 Romance, 15, 33–57, 142, 166, 168, 169, Sephardim, 15, 20, 53–4, 56, 72, 455–71 177–85, 185–6 n. 2, 295 Seville, 51, 67, 70, 72 Romanus, 422 al-Shafii, 106, 111 ruins, 7, 127, 141, 145, 146–7, 148, 254–5, 258, Shafiism, 106, 239 391    431 Sham u¯n ibn At·t·a¯r al-A ra¯bı¯, Ruiz, Juan, 72, 288 al-Shaqundı¯, 114, 115 225 
al-Rus·a¯fı¯, al-Sharı¯shı¯, Ah·mad ibn Abd al-Mu min, Rushdie, Salman, 7 191, 194 12 312 Shawqı¯, Ah·mad, , Saadiah ben Joseph al-Fayyu¯mı¯. See Saadiah Shem Tob Ardutiel, 459, 462, 463 74 76 Gaon Shiha¯b al-Dı¯n al-Mis·ri, Muh·ammad, , Saadiah Gaon, 42, 208 n. 8, 436, 445 Shiism, 106, 278, 440 Sacrobosco, 406 Shunyı¯r ibn Ghı¯frı¯d al-Ifranjı¯, 428 333 73 175 214 S·adr al-Dı¯n al-Qu¯nawı¯, al-Shushtarı¯, , , 74 306 314 315 102 441 al-S·afadı¯, S·ala¯h· al-Dı¯n, , , , al-Sı¯bawayhı¯, , 312 19 20 282 290 2 372 411 S·afı¯ al-Dı¯n al-H· illı¯, Sicily, – , , n. , –  110 115 117 436 11 37 41 47 50 2 54 55 6 290 S·a¯ id al-Andalusı¯, , , , Spanish, , , , , – , , – , n.  214 219 2 430 455 6 457 8 475 483 S·a¯ id al-Baghda¯dı¯, , , , – , – , , Samanids, 214 Sufism, 98, 101, 106, 107, 111, 113, 320, 324, Samuel the Nagid. See Ibn Nagrila, Samuel 325, 326, 353–4, 359, 361, 370 n. 3; and San Cebrain de Mazote, 86 poetry, 73, 175, 214–15. See also Ibn Arabı¯, 70 Sancho IV of Castile, Muh·yı¯ l-Dı¯n; love: poetry

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index 507

Sulayma¯n. See al-Musta
in, Sulayma¯n ibn al- Vincentius, 50, 423, 425–8 13 34 424 H· akam Visigoths, , , Sulayma¯n ibn Da¯
u¯d, 362 Vitry, Jacques de, 289 108 327 Suwwa¯r ibn T· a¯rik al-Qurt·ubı¯, Voltaire,

Talmud, 285, 422 Walcher, 284   105 306 308 12 T· alu¯t ibn Abd al-Jabba¯r al-Ma a¯farı¯, Walla¯da, , – Tamı¯m ibn al-Muizz, 398–401 al-Wansharı¯sı¯, 430 146 260 377 380 T· arafa, , William I of Sicily, ,  373 377 380 1 386 1 T· aru¯b (Christian wife of Abd al-Rah·man William II of Sicily, , , – , n. II), 69 William VIII of Aquitaine, 71 Taybili, 482, 483 William IX of Aquitaine, 71 Teruel, 93, 94–5, 412–14 women: and education, 100, 238; and family al-Thaa¯libı¯, 473 life, 25–6, 57 n. 5, 69–70; and language, 65 7 70 1 74 75 80 39 46 57 5 181 2 63 67 al-Tifa¯shı¯, Ah·mad, – , – , , , , , , n. , – ; singing girls, , , 171 69, 70–1, 72, 170, 171–2, 177, 178–9, 181–2, Toledo, 5, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 20, 50, 51–2, 61, 92, 309; and society, 308 93, 94, 268, 270, 289–90 n. 2, 377, 384, 417, 418, 419, 420, 428, 430, 451 Ximenes, Rodrigo, 423 Toledo, Abraham, 463 Torres del Río, oratory at, 88 Yafil, Nathan Edmond, 74 21 41 42 49 52 3 56 116 119 218 228 6 10 translation, , , , , – , , , , Yah·ya¯ (son of al-Mundhir), , nn. , 198 9 205 269 283 284 289 90 2  421 – , , , , , – n. , Yah·ya¯ ibn Adı¯, 350 377 384 422 8 449 450 1 456 62  360 , , , – , , – , – , Yah·ya¯ ibn Alı¯, 464 473 481 482 105 117 , , , . See also Scot, Michael Yah·ya¯ ibn Yah·ya¯ al-Laythı¯, , troubadours, 69, 71, 186 n. 11, 282, 314, 352, Yça of Segovia, 55 378, 385 Yoná, Yakov Abraham, 462 111 358 al-T· urt·ushı¯, Yu¯suf I of Granada,

Uba¯da ibn Ma¯
al-Sama¯
, 170, 171 Zahirism, 106, 111–12, 239, 241, 246 Umarbey, 481 al-Zahra¯wı¯, Abu¯ l-Qa¯sim, 117 Umar ibn Abı¯ Rabı¯a, 127 zajal, 38, 39, 48, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 74, 76, Umayyads, 3, 13, 16, 17, 25, 27, 64, 65, 66, 77, 165, 172, 175, 177–8, 179, 180, 186 n. 7, 69–70, 83–6, 88, 89, 91, 92, 103–4, 114, 159, 211, 217, 282, 364, 389, 401, 426. See also 162, 212, 218, 223, 237, 239, 306, 310, 315, Ibn Quzma¯n 445 Zallaka, battle of, 292 Unamuno, Miguel de, 247 Zarqu¯n, 63–4  484 Urma¯z. See Godemaro Zarru¯q, Ah·mad, al-Usquf Abd al-Ma¯lik, 50, 425 Zirids, 398–9  105 64 6 77 108 9 al- Ut·bi, Zirya¯b, – , , – Ziya¯dat Alla¯h I 64 Valencia, 56, 224 al-Zubadı¯ 113 Venegas, Abu¯ l-Qasim, 480 Zuhayr, 260

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