DOCSLIB.ORG

Congressional Record—Senate S3869

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Congressional Record—Senate S3869 March 14, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3869 Thereupon, the Senate, at 12:37 p.m., Fayette Counties—all of which were tation methods improved, the thick recessed until 2:15 p.m.; whereupon, the big coal producers—and my uncle, who Pittsburgh coal seam, prominent in Senate reassembled when called to raised me, worked in the mines of Mer- northern West Virginia, assured the order by the Presiding Officer (Mr. cer, McDowell and Raleigh counties. area of a steady growth in coal produc- COATS). Therefore, I shall reflect in my re- tion as transportation methods im- f marks today, on the conditions under proved. I quote from Mr. Cohen’s work: which the coal miners worked when I Mines were operating in the Fairmont re- EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL AP- was a boy and which led to the union- PROPRIATIONS AND RESCIS- gion by 1850 for local consumption. When the ization of the miners. I shall refer to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad reached Fair- SIONS ACT the social conditions under which the mont in 1853, markets opened up as far East The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under coal miners labored to raise their fami- as Baltimore. The coal fields around Wheel- the previous order, the Senate will now lies, and I shall also speak of the trials ing, and the Northern Panhandle, were also resume consideration of H.R. 889, which and turmoils that attended the coming mined prior to the Civil War; the coal was the clerk will report. of the union to the southern counties needed for a fledgling iron industry in that city that had begun before the War of 1812. The legislative clerk read as follows: of my State. To fully comprehend the The Baltimore and Ohio reached Wheeling in A bill (H.R. 889) making emergency supple- importance of the ability of workers to the early 1850’s, providing access to eastern mental appropriations and rescissions to pre- collectively bargain—in other words, to markets. serve and enhance the military readiness of strike—and to belong to a union, no in- The northern coal fields assumed greater the Department of Defense for the fiscal year dustry is more illustrive than the min- importance during the Civil War, when sup- ending September 30, 1995, and for other pur- ing industry in West Virginia. plies from Virginia were cut off. The larger poses. Geologists place the beginnings of cities of the East needed a steady supply of The Senate resumed consideration of the Coal Age at about 315 million years coal for heating purposes and war-related in- the bill. ago, at the start of what is known in dustries. Union forces were able to keep the Baltimore and Ohio and the Norfolk and Pending: geologic time as the Pennsylvanian pe- Western railroads open to Washington, D.C., Bumpers amendment No. 330, to restrict riod. This, together with the earlier and Baltimore, notwithstanding constant the obligation or expenditure of funds on the Mississippian period, make up the Car- raids by the Confederates. The end of the war NASA/Russian Cooperative MIR program. boniferous Age. The first Coal Age is Kassebaum amendment No. 331 (to com- saw the expansion of coal mining in Marion, mittee amendment beginning on page 1, line thought to have lasted approximately Taylor, Preston, Monongalia, Barbour, and 3), to limit funding of an Executive order 45 million years. Almost all of the val- Harrison Counties. that would prohibit Federal contractors uable coal seams were laid during the The coal fields in southern West Virginia— from hiring permanent replacements for Pennsylvanian period. These deposits those in Logan, Mingo, Wyoming, Mercer, striking workers. stretched from the Canadian maritime McDowell, Wayne, and Summers—had to wait for the coming of the railroads to that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The provinces south to Alabama, generally section in the late 19th century to realize chair, in his capacity as a Senator from paralleling the Appalachian Mountain their vast potential. chain. West Virginia was blessed with a the State of Indiana, suggests the ab- Mr. President, coal mining in south- great concentration of this natural re- sence of a quorum. ern West Virginia is a vast storehouse source, and from the beginnings of coal The clerk will call the roll. of history. It is a story of struggle, of- The legislative clerk proceeded to mining in the early 1800’s, the econ- tentimes violent struggle—a story of call the roll. omy, welfare, and political life of West courageous men and women demanding Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unan- Virginia had been largely dependent and fighting for their rights, for their imous consent that the order for the upon this ‘‘black gold,’’ which dignity, and for their freedom. As quorum call be rescinded. underlies a great portion of my State. David Alan Corbin, relates in his work The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Coal was not a very important resource titled ‘‘The West Virginian Mine objection, it is so ordered. in West Virginia until after the Civil Wars’’: Under the previous order, the Sen- War, when the advent of the railroads ator from West Virginia [Mr. BYRD] is made the coal fields accessible and Like the Civil Rights movement of the recognized. brought thousands of miners into the 1960’s, the miners’ organizing effort had good and bad characters. Each story involved bru- Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I thank State. tality, destruction, and death. And both the Chair. Since the advent of coal mining, movements are stories of oppressed, ex- What is the pending question before West Virginia has been fertile ground ploited people fighting for dignity, self-re- the Senate? for outside exploitation, massive labor spect, human rights, and freedom. Both are The PRESIDING OFFICER. The busi- confrontations, union organizing, and a stories of courageous men and women doing ness before the Senate is the Kasse- multitude of political intrigues. The heroic things under extraordinary cir- baum amendment, No. 331, to H.R. 889. coal fields have provided great wealth cumstances against extraordinary foes. Mr. BYRD. I thank the Chair. to individuals and to corporations— Corbin refers to the Matewan mas- Mr. President, although this amend- many or most of which, as I have stat- sacre in 1920 as having parallels to the ment only directly affects workers in- ed, were outsiders—while many of the Old-West-style shootout on the main street volved in Government contracts, there miners and their families have known of town. The killings of Sid Hatfield and Ed is a deeper principle—a principle which equally great poverty. Great wealth for Chambers on the steps of the McDowell goes to the rights of other workers to the outside interests; great poverty for County courthouse in Welch was a gangland act in concert—in other words, to the men who toiled in the mines to type ‘‘hit’’, and the ensuing march on Logan strike—to bring about improved work- bring out the coal. West Virginians was Civil War. ing conditions, better wages, safety have seen their State’s landscapes al- And if ever my colleagues have the and health protection, and so on. It is tered by underground mining and more opportunity, I hope they will visit a principle for which many men have recently by the impact of strip mining, Matewan, in Mingo County, the south- given their lives, and, as one who grew and the State’s economy has been buf- ernmost part of West Virginia. up in the southern coal mining coun- feted by the up-and-down cycle brought McDowell County is an adjoining coun- ties of West Virginia, I rise today in on by vacillating prices and other eco- ty. I lived in McDowell County as a lit- opposition to this amendment. nomic factors, many or most of which tle boy, and my coal miner dad worked I was raised by a coal miner; I mar- were beyond the immediate control of in mines at Landgraff. ried a coal miner’s daughter; my days the coal miners themselves. There on the courthouse steps, as- as a boy and as a young man were As Stan Cohen states in his fas- cending the hill leading to the spent in coal mining surroundings, and cinating treatise, titled ‘‘King Coal, a McDowell County Courthouse in Welch, as a young man I worked in the coal Pictorial Heritage of West Virginia can still be seen the bullet holes. Sid mining company stores in Raleigh Coal Mining,’’ coal was sighted as early Hatfield and his wife, Ed Chambers and County and Fayette County, West Vir- as 1790 in the northern part of the his wife, were ascending the steps. Sid ginia. I lived at various times in Mer- State, which, at that time, was a part Hatfield and Ed Chambers were shot cer and McDowell and Raleigh and of the State of Virginia. As transpor- dead by the Baldwin-Felts gunmen. VerDate Aug 31 2005 04:33 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S14MR5.REC S14MR5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 14, 1995 Mr. President, the West Virginia tough, clannish, and, while normally slate so that he would not be ‘‘docked’’ mine wars involved nearly every form friendly, they looked upon strangers for sending out ‘‘dirty’’ coal. Lump of violence. Automatic rifles, machine with suspicion. Life on the whole was coal sold at a premium price while pea- guns, shotguns, handguns, and gre- simple. sized or slack coal sold for a lesser nades were utilized, and there was a In the early days of the mining in- price.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Maryland Bureau of Mines for Theperiod January 1 to December 31, 1932, in Compliance with Therequirements of the Maryland Mining Law
    . TENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MARYLANDBUREAU OF MINES OFTHE STATE OF MARYLAND Underthe Supervision of the State Board of Labor and Statistics DR. J. KNOX INSLEY, Commissioner CALENDAR YEAR 1932 TO HON. ALBERT C. RITCHIE GOVERNOR OF MARYLAND JOHN J. RUTLEDGE Chief Mine Engineer ;press of King Bros.. 1. 208 N. Cavert Stre Ba1timor, -Md LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL To His Excellency, HON. ALBERT C. RITcmE, Governor of Maryland. SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith the TenthAnnual Report of the Maryland Bureau of Mines for theperiod January 1 to December 31, 1932, in compliance with therequirements of the Maryland Mining Law. Very respectfully, / JOHNJ. RUTLEDGE, Chief Mine Engineer. -I REPORT OF THE MARYLAND BUREAU OF MINES To His Excellemey,, HON. ALBERT C. RITCrnE, Governor of Maryland. SIR: The report herewith submitted is for the calendar year 1932, and is the fifty-sixth annual report upon conditions of the Coal and. Clay mines within the State. The reports from the various mining operators throughout the State show the tonnage to be as follows: CLAY AND COAL PRODUCTION Calendar Year 1932 (Net Tons, cwt) Pick 996,448.18 Machine 454,917.06 Total 1,451,366.04 COAL PRODUCTION, ALLEGANY COUNTY During the calendar year 1932, Allegany County employed 1,685 miners, 106 drivers, 353 inside laborers and 170 outside employes, making a total of 2,314 men. The production of coal for Allegany County during the calendar year 1932 was 927,-. 831.03 net tons (cwt). This shows a production of 550.6 net tons for each miner employed during this period.
    [Show full text]
  • A Passage Through Time & the Mountains
    The GREAT ALLEGHENY PASSAGE is the longest multi-purpose rail-trail in the East, A Passage Through Time with t 00 continuous miles of trail open from near McKeesport to near Meyersdale, plus and the several smaller segments open in the Pittsburgh area. When finished, the Passage Mountains will offer a total of t 50 miles of non­ motorized, nearly level trail system between Cumberland, MD and the forks of the Ohio River at Pittsburgh, PA. with a 52-mile spur to the Pittsburgh International Airport. At. Cumberland, it joins the C&..O Canal Towpath to expand the off-road trail linkage to Washington, D.C. Designated a National Recreation Trail, the Great Allegheny Passage enables hikers, bicyclists, cross­ country skiers and people with disabilities to discover the region's singular beauty in river gorges, mountain vistas and sweeping cityscapes. The Great Allegheny Passage is the registered mark of the Allegheny Trail Alliance, a coalition of seven trail organizations in Sovthwestem Pennsylvania and Western Maryland. www.atatrall.org 888-ATA-BIKE COVER: On May 2 t , t 975, the Chessie System ran this special train over the soon­ to-be-abandoned Western Maryland corridor from Connellsville to Hancock, MD to show the line to government and conservation officials and the press. This was the last passenger train to cross Salisbury Viaduct. The Viaduct was decked for trail use in 1999. The color photo was taken in May, 2002. Photos by Bill Metzger 50300 The Story of the GREAT ALLEGHENY 9 780964 601499 PASSAGE 2 HE GREAT ALLEGHENY PASSAGE is no mere tootpath through the forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Mining Activities
    IV-l IV GEOLOGY AND MINING ACTIVITIES 1. GEOLOGY All of the Youghiogheny Basin lies within the Applachian Plateaus Province. Some 30%, west of Chestnut Ridge, is in the Pittsburgh Plateaus Section of the province and the rest is in the Allegheny Mountain Section. A series of folds creates ridges and valleys which generally trend SW to NE. Folds east of Chestnut Ridge are closer and more uniform. West of Chestnut Ridge is more mountainous and includes Mt. Davis formed by the Negro Mountain Anticline, and which is the highest point in Pennsylvania, elev 3,213 ft. Prominent structural features are shown in Figure 1. Those of particular importance to mine drainage pollution are, from west to east: Important Important Structure Strata Group Coal Pigeon Creek Syncline Monongahela Pittsburgh Irwin Syncline Monongahela Pittsburgh Greensburg Syncline Monongahela Pittsburgh Latrobe Syncline Monongahela Pittsburgh Uniontown Syncline Monongahela Pittsburgh Ligonier Syncline Allegheny L. Kittanning Centerville Dome Allegheny L. Freeport Negro Mt. Anticline Allegheny L. Kittanning & Brookville Berlin Syncline Monongahela Pittsburgh & Allegheny L. Kittanning & U. Kittanning These geologic structures are discussed starting on page IV-4. A generalized tabulation of the stratigraphy is included in Table IV-A. The Washington Group is not included since this has been eroded away except on a few hilltops in the deepest syncline basins. IV-2 Table IV-A, Geologic Strata Age Group Thickness Members Thickness Pennsylvanian Monongahela 260-400’ Waynesburg Coal 3 -9’ Waynesburg Limestone 0-20’ Uniontown Sandstone 10-20’ Uniontown Coal 0 -2’ Uniontown Limestone 25-45’ Benwood Limestone 30-60’ Sewickley Sandstone 0-60’ SEWICKLEY COAL* 0-10’ Fishpot Limestone 5-30’ REDSTONE COAL* 1 -5’ Redstone Limestone 5-20’ Pittsburgh Sandstone 12-70’ PITTSBURGH COAL** 6 -14’ Pennsylvanian Conemaugh 500-750’ Little Pittsburgh Coal 0-l Connellsville Sandstone 5 -50’ Clarksburg Limestone 0 -7’ Morgantown Sandstone 5 -120’ Birmingham Shale 50 -60’ L.
    [Show full text]
  • Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Underground Mine Discharges of the Northern Appalachian Basin
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2014 Isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in underground mine discharges of the northern appalachian basin Rachelle Thorne West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Thorne, Rachelle, "Isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in underground mine discharges of the northern appalachian basin" (2014). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 235. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/235 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Underground Mine Discharges of the Northern Appalachian Basin Rachelle Thorne Thesis submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Investigations in Late Paleozoic Geology of Ohio1 2
    Copyright © 1979 Ohio Acad. Sci. SUMMARY OF INVESTIGATIONS IN LATE PALEOZOIC GEOLOGY OF OHIO1 2 MYRON T. STURGEON, Department of Geology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 Abstract. This report summarizes the development of our understanding of the stratigraphy, paleontology and economic geology of the Carboniferous and Permian Systems of Ohio, and can conveniently be divided into four time units: prior to 1869, 1869-1900, 1900-1949 and 1949 to the present. The first period was a time during which animals and Indians sought essential mineral substances and early explorers reported on geologic features and resources. Notes and reports were published on newly established mineral industries during and after settlement. This period also included publication of two annual reports de- scribing the accomplishments of the short-lived First Ohio Geological Survey in the mid-1830's and publication of notes by individuals on general geology, fossils and mineral resources of the State between 1840 and the Civil War. Systematic investi- gation and reporting on Ohio's geology really began with the establishment of the Second Ohio Geological Survey in 1869 and has continued under three subsequent surveys. The distinguished staff of the Second Survey prepared and published reports on stratigraphy, fossils and mineral resources and the first geologic map including accompanying structure and stratigraphic sections. The Third Survey increased the emphasis on economic geology in its publications, and the Fourth and present Surveys have continued this attention in their appropriate reports and maps. In 1949 the Survey became a division in the Ohio Department of Natural Resources. OHIO J. SCI. 79(3): 99, 1979 This summary pertains to the develop- and most sources of other cited references ment of our understanding of the geology are available in the bibliography, where of the Carboniferous and Permian Sys- a total of more than 600 references are tems in Ohio, with emphasis on stratig- available.
    [Show full text]
  • Section V Effects of Mining on Current Watershed
    SECTION V EFFECTS OF MINING ON CURRENT WATERSHED CONDITIONS SECTION V EFFECTS OF MINING ON CURRENT WATERSHED CONDITIONS OCCURRENCE OF COAL IN THE LOYALHANNA WATERSHED The two principle coal seams mined in the Loyalhanna watershed are the Pittsburgh and Upper Freeport seams. The Pittsburgh coal seam lies at the base of the Monongahela Formation and the Upper Freeport coal seam at the top of the Allegheny Formation. Between these seams lies the Cone-, maugh formation which is 650 to 700 feet thick. Prior to discussing the causes of, and possible solutions to, existing acid mine drainage problems in the watershed, it is helpful to review the geologic history of the region. This history is illustrated in the geologic columnar section of the region as shown on Plate V-1. The exposed rocks of the Loyalhanna watershed are classed as sedimentary rocks. They are the remains of materials deposited during the Mississippian and Pennsylvania epochs of the Carboniferous period. During this period of deposition, western Pennsylvania was alternately open water, lake and lush swamp. The coal deposits are the fossil remains of the lush swamp environment, while the related sandstones, limestones and shales are remains of former marine and lake environments. Beneath the coal bearing formations, the major sedimentary deposits underlying the region begin with the Pocono Sandstone Formation deposited during the Mississippian epoch. This formation is overlain by the coals, V-1 shales, limestone and sandstones of the Mauch Chunk, Pottsville and Allegheny formations. The marker bed at the top of the Allegheny formation is the Upper Freeport coal seam which is four to six feet in thickness.
    [Show full text]
  • B56 Norling 1958.Pdf
    ~ 1· i-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·---~~·-·1 . ~ STATE OF1 OHIO ('I" .1,··1··· - I. C. WU.LIAM 0 NEll.L, Governor . ___ ~ . ! DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES I HERBERT B,, EAGON, Director DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RALPH J. BERNHAGEN, Chief 1:•;"\ r . ' - ... ,···er' THE 0ttll.J Li; . _ : : _ ·. ;•~::'.. .;;Jdh:f THE OHIO DfViS!ON GEQLJG!:;''.L SURVEY 33 ~~li~:i~ ~EMOVED FROM i ODNR DIV. OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LIBRARY II i• GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES I OF MORGAN COUNTY, OHIO I By Donald L. Norling COLUMBUS 1958 -·-·-··-.-.-. -. - ·-.-.- ·-.-.-. -. -. -· -.- ·-.-·-·-·-·-__I Blank Page CONTENTS Page Abstract . viii CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION Location. 1 Acknowledgments . 1 Purpose and scope 4 Previous work . 4 CHAPTER 2 - PHYSIOGRAPHY General . G Drainage. 8 Relief . 8 CHAPTER 3 - STRATIGRAPHY Pennsylvanian system . 11 General .... 11 Allegheny series. 14 General .. 14 Middle Kittanning clay member. 15 Middle Kittanning (No. 6) coal member 15 Washingtonville shale member . 17 Upper Kittanning coal member . 18 Lower Freeport sandstone and shale member 18 Lower Freeport limestone member. 18 Lower Freeport clay member . 19 Lower Freeport (No. 6-A) coal member. 20 Dorr Run shale member . 20 Upper Freeport sandstone and shale member 20 Bolivar clay member . 21 Bolivar coal member . 21 Upper Freeport limestone member . 22 Upper Freeport clay member . 22 Upper Freeport (No. 7) coal member . 23 Conemaugh series . 24 General . ...... 24 Lower Mahoning sandstone and shale member 26 Mahoning limestone member. 27 Thornton clay member . 28 Mah~ning coal member . ..· :. ·. 29 Upper Mahoning. sandstone and· shale member.. 29 Mason clay member . 30 iii iv CONTENTS Page Mason coal member . • . 31 Brush Creek shale and sandstone member. 31 Brush Creek coal member.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Effects of Slaking of Surface Mine Spoils Eastern & Central United States
    , -?>r:~-'-"'; y!tfLPftttC£ IA .. 76~?:J REPORT ~R&U\J\11\, LIBRARY COpy ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SLAKING OF SURFACE MINE SPOILS EASTERN & CENTRAL UNITED STATES prepared for: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES by: D'Appolonia Consulting Engineers, Inc. 10 Duff Road Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15235 Final Report Contract No. J0285024 SEPTEMBER 1980 2 3. Recipi~nt's Acc~ssion No. REPORT DOCUMENTATIONll. R~pon No. 1 . PAGE 4. Titl~ and Subtitl~ 5. R~pon Dat~ September, 1980 Environmental Effects of Slaking of Surface Mine Spoils - Eastern and Central United States 6. 7. Author(s) 8. Performin~ Organization Rept. D. E. Andrews, J. L. Withiam, E. F. Perry, and H. L. Crouse No. 78- 75 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Project/Task/ll'ork Unit No. D'Appolonia Consulting Engineers, Inc. 10 Duff Road 11. Contract/Grant No. Pittsburgh, PA 15235 J0285024 12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Addr~ss 13. Type of Report & Period United States Department of the Interior Covered Final Report Bureau of Mines 10/78 - 9/80 Denver Federal Center 14. Denver, CO 80225 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstracts The objective of this study was to investigate the environmental effects of slaking of sur face mine spoils. To accomplish this, both field and laboratory programs were undertaken,. supplemented by a thorough literature search. The field program consist- ed of drilling the highwall as well as test pitting 1n recent, two-, five- , and ten- year-old spoil piles at four active mining sites 1U the eastern bituminous coal fields. Pertinent observations were made and samples collected for laboratory analyses which consisted of several standard geotechnical, agronomic, and geochemic al tests.
    [Show full text]
  • Dolomite and Siliciclastic Dikes and Sills in Marginal-Marine Cretaceous Coals of Central Utah
    Dolomite and Siliciclastic Dikes and Sills in Marginal-Marine Cretaceous Coals of Central Utah U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2087-A AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the current-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publications re­ leased prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that may be listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" may no longer be available. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices listed below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books and Maps Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Tech­ Books and maps of the U.S. Geological Survey are available niques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications over the counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey offices, all of general interest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single of which are authorized agents of the Superintendent of Docu­ copies of Earthquakes & Volcanoes, Preliminary Determination of ments. Epicenters, and some miscellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtainable by mail from ANCHORAGE, Alaska-Rm.
    [Show full text]
  • Pittsburgh-Geology-GSA
    Engineering Geology, History and Geography of the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Area RICHARD E. GRAY DiGioia Gray & Associates, 570 Beatty Road, Monroeville, PA 15146 BRIAN H. GREENE Gannett Fleming, Inc., Foster Plaza 8, Suite 400, 730 Holiday Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15220 RYAN W. FANDRAY* GAI Consultants, Inc., 385 East Waterfront Drive, Homestead, PA 15120 ROBERT J. TURKA GAI Consultants, Inc., 4200 Triangle Lane, Export, PA 15632 Key Terms: Pittsburgh, Geology, Engineering Geology, ing infrastructure are deteriorating. Today, Pittsburgh Rivers has transcended the legacy name, “Steel City” and has revitalized itself with nationally-recognized universities ABSTRACT and medical centers and a resurgence in natural gas ex- ploration. However, many environmental legacy issues The City of Pittsburgh, PA is located west of the still burden the area. Appalachian Mountains in the Appalachian Plateaus Province. The relatively flat surface of the plateau is INTRODUCTION dissected by drainage from the three principal rivers of the region, the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio. The Geographic Setting formation of Pittsburghs three rivers and drainages has a long history dating back to before the Pleistocene Although Pittsburgh has a long history as a major Epoch, linked closely to the advance and retreat of con- industrial center, it occupies a relatively small area, 2 tinental glaciation. 56 square miles (145 km ), and it has a population Western Pennsylvania is associated with the western- of approximately 305,000 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). most formation of the Appalachian Mountain chain with Pittsburgh is located within Allegheny County, which deformation in the form of a series of nearly flat-lying, is one of the 67 counties in Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Predictive of Roof Instability in Addition to the Exisiting
    FACTORS PREDICTIVE OF ROOF INSTABILITY IN ADDITION TO THE EXISITING CMRR CRITERIA AT TWO CASE STUDY COAL MINES by Meriel Young A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geological Engineering). Golden, Colorado Date ________________ Signed: ___________________________ Meriel Young Signed: ______________________ Dr. Gabriel Walton Thesis Advisor Signed: ______________________ Dr. Elizabeth Holley Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date__________________ Signed: ______________________ Dr. M. Stephen Enders Professor and Department Head Department of Geology and Geological Engineering ii ABSTRACT Roof falls remain one of the greatest hazards facing underground coal miners (Barczak et al., 2000; Razani et al., 2013; Oraee et al., 2016). In 2017 there were 91 lost-time injuries from roof falls (in US underground coal mines). A further 48 roof falls were reported in US underground coal mines with no lost days (MSHA, 2018). These numbers have certainly decreased over the last century (MSHA, 2018), but the goal of zero injuries still remains. Assessing the likelihood of roof falls is therefore highly important and will have a direct effect on the prevention of accidents caused by them. One method developed to help assess roof instability in underground coal mines is the Coal Mine Roof Rating (CMRR). The CMRR is a field-based empirical method which is straightforward to use and gives a quantitative interpretation of coal mine roof geology. The CMRR classification system was developed by Molinda and Mark (1994) to quantify the geological description of mine roof into a single value which could be used in engineering design.
    [Show full text]
  • Cost Optimization for Mine Void Stabilization Projects: a Deep Mine Case Study
    2007 World of Coal Ash (WOCA), May 7-10, 2007, Covington, Kentucky, USA Home Cost Optimization for Mine Void Stabilization Projects: A Deep Mine Case Study Joseph F. Giacinto1, Paul Petzrick2, Leonard G. Rafalko1 1Environmental Resources Management, Inc., 200 Harry S Truman Parkway, Suite 400, Annapolis, MD 21401; 2Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Power Plant Research Program, Building B-3, Tawes State Office Building, Annapolis, MD 21401 KEYWORDS: cost optimization, mine void stabilization, coal combustion by products, CCPs, mine void grouting, subsidence, grout, material properties, FBC, pozzolan ABSTRACT With increasingly sprawling communities encroaching upon underground abandoned mine lands, economic costs due to the risk of building over mine voids include lost business opportunities for real estate development and associated jobs, and stunted economic development. For a candidate site in western Maryland, an adaptable, economical and environmentally friendly means of restoring underground mines to productive use is presented with detailed optimized cost components. Underlain by mine voids, a business incubator park is considered for the prototypical site in the study area. By using Coal Combustion by-Product (CCP) grout in lieu of conventional Portland cement, a cost savings of several million dollars for a grout volume of 150,000 cubic yards is demonstrated. Proportionally lower project costs are associated with the use of progressively higher CCP grout volumes. The specified CCP mix consists of 100 percent Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) ash in a 70:30 fly to bed ash ratio which results in an environmentally benign material with excellent structural and engineering properties that are similar to conventional cement. Based on the study, the primary categories of cost for mine void stabilization are: • Engineering Services; • Site Preparation and Restoration; • CCP Materials, Supply and Transportation; and • On Site Grouting Operations.
    [Show full text]