Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations and Loads at USGS Streamflow-Gaging Stations, Texas
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In cooperation with the City of Dallas Water Utilities Division Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations and Loads at U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow-Gaging Stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09 Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5120 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Red River downstream from Denison Dam on Lake Texoma in Texas, February 2008. Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations and Loads at U.S. Geological Survey Streamflow-Gaging Stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09 By Stanley Baldys III, Christopher J. Churchill, Craig A. Mobley, and David K. Coffman In cooperation with the City of Dallas Water Utilities Division Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5120 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2010 This and other USGS information products are available at http://store.usgs.gov/ U.S. Geological Survey Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 To learn about the USGS and its information products visit http://www.usgs.gov/ 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Baldys, Stanley, III, Churchill, C.J., Mobley, C.A., and Coffman, D.K., 2010, Bromide, chloride, and sulfate concentrations and loads at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5120, 30 p. iii Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope .............................................................................................................................3 Description of Study Area ..................................................................................................................3 Data-Collection and Regression Methods ...............................................................................................4 Streamflow ............................................................................................................................................5 Continuous Water Quality ...................................................................................................................7 Sampling ................................................................................................................................................7 Sample Analysis ...................................................................................................................................8 Quality Assurance ................................................................................................................................8 Development of Regression Equations to Estimate Constituent Concentrations .....................8 Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations and Specific Conductance ......................................9 Bromide .................................................................................................................................................9 Chloride ................................................................................................................................................10 Sulfate ..................................................................................................................................................11 Specific Conductance .......................................................................................................................12 Daily Mean Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Concentrations ...............................................................13 Bromide, Chloride, and Sulfate Loads .....................................................................................................19 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................23 References ...................................................................................................................................................24 Appendix 1. Instantaneous streamflow measured at the time water-quality samples were collected and bromide, chloride, and sulfate concentrations and specific conductance measured in discrete water-quality samples collected from U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09 ...............................................29 Figures 1. Map showing contributing area for reach of the Red River from Denison Dam to DeKalb, Texas, and location of U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas .........................................2 2–4. Hydrographs showing streamflow at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station: 2. 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 2007–09 ..........................6 3. 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, 2007–09 ........................................................6 4. 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09 .........................................................7 5–8. Boxplots showing distribution of: 5. Bromide concentrations at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09 .................................................................................................................................9 iv 6. Chloride concentrations at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09 ...............................................................................................................................11 7. Sulfate concentrations at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09 .........12 8. Specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09 ..........13 9–21. Graphs showing: 9. Specific conductance at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, and 07336820 Red River near DeKalb, Texas, 2007–09 .........14 10. Bromide concentration relative to specific conductance measured in 25 water-quality samples and best-fit regression line, U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 2007–09 ...................................................................................................................14 11. Chloride concentration relative to specific conductance measured in 25 water-quality samples and best-fit regression line, U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 2007–09 ...................................................................................................................15 12. Sulfate concentration relative to specific conductance measured in 25 water-quality samples and best-fit regression line, U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 07331600 Red River at Denison Dam near Denison, Texas, 2007–09 ...................................................................................................................15 13. Bromide concentration relative to specific conductance measured in 25 water-quality samples and best-fit regression line, U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, 2007–09 ......16 14. Chloride concentration relative to specific conductance measured in 25 water-quality samples and best-fit regression line, U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, 2007–09 ......16 15. Sulfate concentration relative to specific conductance measured in 25 water-quality samples and best-fit regression line, U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station 07335500 Red River at Arthur City, Texas, 2007–09 ......17 16. Bromide concentration relative to specific conductance measured in 25 water-quality samples and best-fit regression line,