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JSM Central Biotechnology & Biomedical Engineering Special Issue on Industrial Biotechnology-Made in Germany: The path from policies to sustainable energy, commodity and specialty products Edited by: Dr. Thomas Brück Professor of Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept. of Chemistry, Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany Table of Contents Title Page No Editorial Introduction 03 Industrial Biotechnology-Made in Germany: The Path from policies to sustainable 04 energy, Commodity and specialty products by Brück, T. Policy Opinion 05 The Role of Government Research Funding in the German Industrial 06-12 Biotechnology Sector by Müller, W. Networks – Bridges between Academy, Industry and Politics. The Paradigm of Network IBB and its Management Organization by Zorbas, H., Völker, S., Härtling, 13-24 K. Scientiic Contributions 25 Lignocellulose to Biogas and other Products by Streffer, F. 26-32 Cellulosic Ethanol from Agricultural Residues – An Advanced Biofuel and Biobased Chemical Platform by Koltermann, A., Kraus, M., Rarbach, M., Reisinger, C., 33-37 Zavrel, M., Söltl, Y. Shaping the Future with Industrial Biotechnology–New and Eficient Production 38-45 Processes for Biopolymers by Bendig, C., Kraxenberger, T., Römer, L. The Psychrophile Shewanella arctica sp. Nov: A New Source of Industrially 46-54 Important Enzyme Systems by Qoura, F., Brück, T., Antranikian, G. Biochemical Characterization of a Recombinant Xylanase from Thermus brockianus, Suitable for Biofuel Production by Blank, S., Schröder, C., 55-63 Schirrmacher, G., Reisinger, C., Antranikian, G. A Novel Natural NADH and NADPH Dependent Glutathione Reductase as Tool in Biotechnological Applications by Reiter, J., Pick, A., Wiemann, L.O., Schieder, D., 64-70 Sieber, V. Lipases as Sustainable Biocatalysts for the Sustainable Industrial Production of 71-81 Fine Chemicals and Cosmetics by Kourist, R., Hollmann, F., Nguyen, G.S. Downscale Upscale by Elasticity of Scales-An Approach to Forecast Future 82-86 Requirements in Biotechnology by Kurzrock, T., Kress, K. Establishment and Characterization of three New Embryonic Spodoptera littoralis Cell Lines and Testing their Susceptibility to SpliMNPV by Ahmed, I., Huebner, H., 87-94 Buchholz, R. Microalgae- A Promising Source of Novel Therapeutics by Mundt, S., Bui, H.T., Preisitsch, M., Kreitlow, S., Bui, H.T., Pham, H.T., Zainuddin, E., Le, T.T., Lukowski, 95-105 G., Jülich, W.D. Biosynthesis of Ginsenosides in Field-Grown Panax Ginseng by Schramek, N., Huber, C., Schmidt, S., Dvorski, S.E., Knispel, N., Ostrozhenkova, E., Pena-Rodriguez, 106-121 L.M., LM., Cusido, R.M., Wischmann, G., Eisenreich, W. Novel Antibody Format Provides Eficient Tools for Research and Drug Discovery 122-129 by Yurlova, L., Buchfellner, A., Zolghadr, K. Editorial Introduction Editorial *Corresponding author Prof.Dr. Thomas Brück, Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Industrial Biotechnology-Made München (TUM), Germany, Tel: 49-89-289-13253; Email Id: Submitted: 16 May 2014 in Germany: The Path from Accepted: 16 May 2014 Published: 16 May 2014 policies to sustainable energy, ISSN: 2333-7117 Copyright Commodity and specialty © 2014 Brück products OPEN ACCESS Brück, T.* Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany Globally, Germany is the irst nation dedicated to change of sustainable bioprocesses. In this issue we present two its entire energy supply from fossil to renewable resources in industrial contributions that describe commercially ready the next decades. A clear political roadmap to accomplish this process options, which enable conversion of lignocellulose changeover fosters a climate for innovation and technology containing biomass residues streams into bioenergy (biogas) development leading to new sustainable energy and fuel and biofuels (bioethanol). In an additional contribution, the solutions. These trends now radiate into other industrial sectors. industrial contributors describe the conversion of biomass based Particularly, climate change, limited petroleum resources feedstock into various high performance polymeric materials and strict legislative frameworks drive the development of with application in the textile, cosmetics and pharmaceutical sustainable process development for commodity, material and sector. Since, complex biomass residues such as straw and wood specialty products. The latter include cosmetics, pharmaceutical are primarily made up of lignocellulose consisting of cellulose, and agrochemical products, such as biological insecticides. These hemicellulose and lignin polymers, mass eficient conversion is specialty product lines address both sustainable population dificult. Indeed, the utilization of polymeric biomass residues in growth and increasingly aging populations in industrial biotechnological processes often requires primary deconstruction countries. A key factor for translating research innovation into into its constituent monomers (i.e. sugars) using speciic enzyme products is a inely tuned interaction between academia and systems. In this issue various academic groups report on the industry. This interaction is increasingly managed by focused discovery of new microbial enzyme producers as well as the technology clusters, which manage the dialog between policy characterization and optimization of individual enzyme system, makers, academia and industry. The resulting technology which are essential for deconstruction, functionalization and advance allows German industries a prime positioning in the valorization of biomass based raw materials. In addition to evolving market of renewable product lines. This special issue renewable bioenergy and chemicals process options, this special on German based Industrial Biotechnology developments will issue highlights renewable technologies focused on high value include contributions from policy makers, technology cluster products, such as virus based insecticides, characterization of managers, academics and industries involved in sustainable novel bioactive natural products and the application of custom technology development. tailored antibodies for clinical and biotechnological applications. In all reports modern tools of biological systems analysis and The irst two contributions report on speciic policies and engineering, such metabolomics and genomics are essential to actions to support basic and applied research that initiates the realize the potential of reported bio-manufacturing procedures. innovation cascade towards sustainable new product lines. A key factor for success is the formation of academic :industrial All of these detailed bioprocesses save CO2 emissions and expert groups that focus on speciic process sectors. Strategies actively contribute to reduction of greenhouse gases and climate for development of new bio-based processes primarily have change. The contributions demonstrate that biotechnology to consider economically and ecologically suitable biomass can provide economically and ecologically viable alternatives feedstock. With respect to a globally ever growing population, to established petroleum based processes. The reported new biotechnological process should not rely on edible biomass bioprocess examples demonstrate that the ongoing advance resources, such as grain to avoid competition with food in biotechnological methods has ushered in an era of change production. Hence, agricultural, forest and food processing towards a bio-based economy. Germany has internalized this residues, including cereal straw, wood chips and crab shell route towards a completly sustainable economy and can provide waste constitute preferred raw materials for development cutting edge technologies to catalyze a global transition. Page 4 Policy Opinion Page 5 Policy Opinion *Corresponding author Dr. Wiebke Müller, Ph.D., Geschäftsbereich Biologische Innovation und Ökonomie (BIO1), Project The Role of Government Management Jülich, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany, Tel: 492461611987; Email: Research Funding in Submitted: 17 April 2013 Accepted: 12 May 2014 the German Industrial Published: 14 May 2014 ISSN: 2333-7117 Copyright Biotechnology Sector © 2014 Müller Müller, W.* OPEN ACCESS Project Management Jülich, Germany Keywords Abstract • Bioeconomy • Sustainable economic growth Project funding – the targeted funding of selected research projects – is a versatile • Technological advance tool that allows governments to stimulate research into specifi c topics, to encourage the • Industrial development formation of cooperative research networks or to accelerate the transfer of academic • Government policy results into application. The German government has long offered project funding for research into industrial biotechnology, and continues to do so today. This article offers an • Research funding initiatives overview of the history of funding in this fi eld, the rationale behind it and the processes • Industrial biotechnology involved. The aims and concepts underlying the funding programs are discussed, including the recent shift towards the inclusion of sustainability as a major criterion. The article also outlines the administrative processes involved, including the role of advisory bodies, expert groups and strategy processes in the creation of new funding initiatives. Examples of current initiatives in industrial biotechnology illustrate the wide range of strategic aims that can be addressed with the instrument of project funding. ABBREVIATIONS Biotechnology is a growing
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