DOCSLIB.ORG

VN Project Main Table and Bibliography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
VN Project Main Table and Bibliography Manufacturer/Contractor Product/Service/Development Contract Source of Info Remarks no./Value AAI Corp., Cockeysville, Design and development of XM61 7U DA36 -034 -ORD -375OA WFC, p. 55 This work was done in MD AP mine fuze in 1966 collaboration with United Aerotest Labs. According to EID 84% of the stock of AAI Corp. is owned by United Industrial Corp. of NYC, a manufacturer of hospital supplies and military weaponry. Development of a 40mm grenade DA36 -034 -ORD -3234 TSAM, p.2 1 cartridge in 1960 Work on a 40mm smokeless flashless Ibid., p.2 1 Smokeless and flashless cartridge in 1962 and commenced cartridges were meant to production engineering of XM170 be harder to see. 40mm smokeless flashless cartridge Work in 1961 -1962 on the DA36 -034 -501 -ORD - Ibid, p.21 Company report indexed development of a 40mm scatter 3387 under AP ammunition ammunition and canister projectiles- they may have dealt with a canister-type munition. Advanced development of 40mm NA Ibid, p.21 Author cites a report in disposable barrel cartridge area target DMS Market Intelligence ammunition/signal cartridge Report in May of 1971. Design study of a wide area AP sensor NA Ibid, p.25 for use with standard AP fragmentation mines in 1963. Participation in the Army’ s SPIW DA36 -034 -504 -ORD -16 Ibid. p.69 Work was carried out program. Work started ca. 1962. with Harrington & Richardson, Inc. and Olin. 1 Based on a report in DMS. XM19 serially fired flechette rifle development. Ibid., p.69 Second version of the SPIW. In 1957 company submitted report DA36 -034 -ORD -68RD Ibid. p.69 Most likely that research ‘Analytical treatment of the dynamics was about flechettes. of fin-stabilized fragments possessing large yaw’ In 1959 final report ‘Research and DA36 -034 -504 -ARD -16 Ibid., p.69 ARD may be meant to Development activities on flechette read ORD. ammunition test rifles.’ Tracer ammunit ion for the SPIW, DA36 -038 -AMC -210A Ibid loc cit. company report on this in 1965 VRFWS -Vehicle Rapid Fire Weapon DA30 -144 -AMC -105W. Ibid. p.70 In May 1972, GE Co., System or ‘Bushmaster’ system in the Philco-Ford Corp. and 20-30mm range. Company commenced AAI Corp. were awarded developmental work on VRFWS in developmental contracts 1962. of more than $1 million each for the VFRWS. All three companies were in competition for the contract. Research on ‘Dissemination System for Edgewood Arsenal WFC, p. 28 TAB 15 th Sept., 1966 Chemical Agents, Lethal and DA-18-108-AMC-62A Report cited Incapacitating’ Design, Development, Test and Delivery NA, DA18 064AMC169A TAB TAB, 1965-7, p. A-28. of the E44R2 disseminator Descriptors include: biological warfare agents, diffusers, design, 2 Design and development of the Mk 12 etc. Later sources Mod 0 Aircraft Chemical Tank (E33 NA DTIC (AD 0268899), indicate that this was smoke tank) personal author Edward meant eventually used W. Davis, Sep. 1961 as a herbicide dispenser. 1 Development of Toxic Agent Formation DA-18-108-405-cml- TAB U64-9 (AD 347548), in a Large Scale Reactor 1098 and Army contract in: Chemical This was work on factory 1961 to 1965 Disarmament , p. 69 production methods of a CW agent. Phase III Test and Evaluation for US NA TAB U64-22, 15 Nov., This was a VX warhead Army, XM50, VX warhead System 1964, p. A420 (AD (E19R2) for the 762 mm 353933) in: Chem. rocket Honest John. This Disarm., p. 93 work may have been abandoned and it is unclear if AAI mfrd. the warhead. AAI stood for Aircraft Armaments, Inc. ABG Instrument and Lockwires for 2.75 inch rocket motor DAA21 -68 -C-0715 WFC, p.55 Engineering, Inc. , Santa $ 251,220 Barbara, CA. A.C. Electronics, Inc. M158E1 2.75 inch rocket launcher DAAH01 -69 -C-0501 Ibid. p.55 Huntsville, AL. $ 173,491 ACF Industries, Inc., Metal Parts for cluster bombs $4,087,241 Ibid., p.55 Source cited is WSJ 25 th Oct., St. Louis, MO. EID, p. 192-193 1966. Major civilian products 1 http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a534602.pdf 3 included railroad cars and car equipment. M52 fuze assembly for M302A1 Carter Carburetor 60mm white phosphorus DAAA09-69-C-0145 WFC, p. 68 Division. projectile and M49A2E160mm $ 1,386,930 high explosive projectile Action Mfg. Co M905 tail fuze metal parts. DAAA09 -68 -C-0085 WFC, p.60 Philadelphia, PA. $ 545,000 Adventure Line Metal parts for BLU -26/B cluster $ 3.3 million in Dec. EID, p. 193 Comm ercial products were Manufacturing Co., bomblets 1968 WFC, p. 55 die cast aluminum products Parsons, KS. F33657-68-C-0078 was worth $ 5.4 million Aeronca, Inc. XM3 mine dispensers December 1966: EID, p.193 Commercial products: Middletown, OH. $371,651 aerospace components. August 1967: $ 490,215 DAAA09-68-C-0048: WFC, p.55 $334,373 EID, p.193 Several more contract awards for XM3 mine dispensers in 1967 and 1968 Assembly of XM17 mines $73,080 in 1968 EID, p.193 XM3 production engineering $ 1 million Ibid., loc. Cit. Used to dispense XM27 mines, according to TSAM.p.58 XM3 shell assembly $11 4,949 Ibid, loc. Cit. 4 Airport Machining M151 warhead metal parts DAAA09-68-C-0131 WFC, p. 55 Company held several $ Corp., Martin, TX for 2.75 inch rocket launchers $ 530,100 million contract renewals for M151 warheads for 2.75 inch rockets A.J . Industries, Inc., BLU -1C/B 750 -lb. firebomb F42600 -68 -C-3087 WFC, p. 68 AJ also made BLU -27/B fire Sargent-Fletcher Div. $625,003 bombs. 2 El Monte, CA Liquid Agent Spray Tank DAAA15-67-C-0649 WFC, p. 34 TMU-28/B $ 1,716, 965 (GCD) Ajax Hardware BLU -26/B bomblets $135,000 in March 1969 EID, p.194 Company produced industrial Manufacturing Co., hardware. City of Industry, CA Aladdin Heating Co., Refurbishment of CNU - $197,600 in April 1969 EID, p.195 Company produced blowers San Leandro, CA 80/E25 containers and and furnaces. related data applicable to SUU-14/A and SUU-14A/A Alsco Industries XM157/A and XM157/B Ca. $600,000 in con tracts in EID, p.120 Company produced office (later acquired by launchers for 2.75 inch 1967 and 1968 furniture, aluminum Harvard Ind., rockets products, kitchen and Farmingdale, NJ) bathroom products, ceramic XM159C 2.75 in rocket tiles, etc. launchers DAAH01-69-C-0729 WFC, p.55 $1,510,686 Aluminum Co. of 2.75 inch rocket motor tubes DAAA21 -69 -C-0236 Ibid, loc. Cit. Largest US producer of America, Pittsburgh, $5,824,350 aluminum. Bauxite mining, PA (ALCOA) housing development, etc. Ca. $11 million in contracts EID, p.64 for the above product 2 http://aad.archives.gov/aad/record-detail.jsp?dt=215&mtch=12&cat=all&tf=F&q=a.j.+industries+ammunition&bc=sl&rpp=10&pg=2&rid=411&rlst=411,175792 5 Aluminum powder for demolition bombs CEP report Feb.-March 1971 Available via Vietnam Virtual Archive Texas University. FSCs: chemicals (ammo. program), ammo. over Various NARA 3 125mm, mine warfare development, torpedo components, etc. Alco Standard Corp. , Fin and nozzle assemblies for Ca. $10 million for the Ibid, p. 60 Company produced electrical Valley Forge, PA., 2.75 inch rockets production of these equipment, latex and rubber Jackson Products compounds, fertilizer, Div. insecticides, stoves, etc. Alcan Aluminum Mk 67 WP warhead for 2.75 DAAA09 -C-0236 WFC, p. 68 Corp., Riverside, CA inch rocket $ 178,425 Aerojet -General SUU -14/A cluster bomb DAAA -69 -C-0025/ WFC, p. 55 (all 5 contracts )+ All (Aerojet, Batesville or any Corp., Downey, CA. dispensers $ 1,250,000 TSAM p.44 subsidiaries) are part of the General Tire and Rubber SUU-30B/B cluster bomb F33657-68-C-0625/ $ 558,000 Company, Akron, Ohio. Major dispensers. Also known as products were: tires and the ‘Sadeye’. tubes, chemicals and plastics, metal products, etc. M151 warhead metal parts DAAA09-69-C-0134/ for 2.75 inch rocket $ 1,214,987 Aerojet also tried to patent the one-shot flamethrower, Magazines for XM174 40mm Also in TSAM, p.22 which may have been fielded low velocity automatic DA11-199-66-AMC-719W/ as the M8, which was grenade launcher $ 57,197 probably not fielded. See US patents 3,034,568 and Engineering study of release 3,038,530. 3 http://aad.archives.gov/aad/display-partial-records.jsp?f=493&mtch=42&q=aluminum+company+ammunition&cat=all&dt=243&tf=F&bc=sl&pg=1 6 of self -dispe rsing munitions DA18 -064 -AMC -170A from high speed airborne vehicles Aerojet bought Rheem’s Development of supersonic AF08-635-5996/ $ 352,830 WFC, p. 68 Defence Division in 1959. firebomb Tactical Incapacitating Munitions Study & Research Edgewood Arsenal, DAAA15- on Army Air-Delivered 67-R-0232 and DAAA15-68- WFC, p. 28 Aerojet also mfr. the CBU- Tactical CS Munition-this R0011 30/A CS system. See TAB. appears to be research on the battlefield use of incapacitating agents Biological Line Source Dissemination System- Army Biological Lab, DA-18- ibid, loc. Cit. Research on the aircraft 064-AMC-300A dissemination of BW agents US patent 3,499,384 TAB mentioned as source 1966. Designed and developed the DA04-495-501-ORD-840 TSAM, p.24 T48E1 Claymore mine in 1956-1958 This was later known as the (in)famous M18 Claymore Worked on the development mine, still in use today. Also of the XM43 NA TSAM, p.25 see US Patent: 2,972,949. chemical/mechanical AP However, Aerojet was by far mine.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The History of the Chemical Weapons Movement
    Chemical Weapons Movement History Compilation William R. Brankowitz 27 April 1987 . Office of the Program Manager for Chemical Munitions (Demilitarization and Binary) (Provisional) Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5401 I Chemical Weapons Movement History CcX@latiOn Table of Contents Page Executive Surnnaq 1 How To Use The Cmpilation 2 Introduction 6 Location Key 15 Incident Summarization Sheets 18 Compilation of Moves Pages w Year 1946 11 pages 1947 1 page 1948 2 pages 1949 4 pages 1950 3 pages 1951 2 pages 1952 2 pages 1953 3 pages 1954 3 pages 1955 1 w-e 1956 2 pages 1957 2 pages 1958 3 pages 1959 1 page 1960 1 Page 1961 1 page 1962 2 pages 1963 3 pages 1964 4 pages . 1965 5 pages 1966 4 pages 1967 6 pages 1968 a pages 1969 1 Page 1970-77 2 pages SE'EONI 3 pages SmON II 2 pages 1981-86 3 pages Reccrmendations and Conclusioris 25 f-4 i 4' References Executive Summary The production of a compilation of movement operations provides a base of data which can be used or interpreted in many ways. Some are favorable to the Army, and some are not. However, the Army wishes to show that (1) it has moved large quantities of chemical weapons over many years with relatively few problems and that (2) the Army has learned lessons from the problems which is has encountered. The Army also shows in this study that although there have been some problems associated with the movement of chemical weapons, there has never been a chemical agent fatality associated with such a move.
    [Show full text]
  • Nasa X-15 Program
    5 24,132 6 9 NASA X-15 PROGRAM By: T.D. Barnes - NASA Contractor - 1960s NASA contractors for the X-15 program were Bendix Field Engineering followed by Unitec, Inc. The NASA High Range Tracking stations were located at Ely and Beatty Nevada with main control being at Dryden/Edwards AFB in California. Personnel at the tracking stations consisted of a Station Manager, a Technical Advisor, and field engineers for the Mod-2 Radar, Data Transmission System, Communications, Telemetry, and Plant Maintenance/Generators. NASA had a site monitor at each tracking station to monitor our contractor operations. Though supporting flights of the X-15 was their main objective, they also participated in flights of the XB-70, the three Lifting Bodies, experimental Lunar Landing vehicles, and an occasional A-12/YF-12/SR-71 Blackbird flight. On mission days a NASA van picked up each member of the crew at their residence for the 4:20 a.m. trip to the tracking station 18 miles North of Beatty on the Tonopah Highway. Upon arrival each performed preflight calibrations and setup of their various systems. The liftoff of the B-52, with the X-15 tucked beneath its wing, seldom occurred after 9:00 a.m. due to the heat effect of the Mojave Desert making it difficult for the planes to acquire altitude. At approximately 0800 hours two pilots from Dryden would proceed uprange to evaluate the condition of the dry lake beds in the event of an emergency landing of the X-15 (always buzzing our station on the way up and back).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics from Air Bubbles Cast in the Fuel (Voids) Can Cause Problems During Hot-Fire Operations
    Genetic Algorithm Optimization of a Cost Competitive Hybrid Rocket Booster George Story1 NASA MSFC Huntsville, Al Performance, reliability and cost have always been drivers in the rocket business. Hybrid rockets have been late entries into the launch business due to substantial early development work on liquid rockets and solid rockets. Slowly the technology readiness level of hybrids has been increasing due to various large scale testing and flight tests of hybrid rockets. One remaining issue is the cost of hybrids vs the existing launch propulsion systems. This paper will review the known state-of-the-art hybrid development work to date and incorporate it into a genetic algorithm to optimize the configuration based on various parameters. A cost module will be incorporated to the code based on the weights of the components. The design will be optimized on meeting the performance requirements at the lowest cost. I. Introduction Hybrids, considered part solid and part liquid propulsion system, have been caught in the middle of development goals of the various NASA and military programs. Solid rocket motor technology has matured due to the design simplicity, on-demand operational characteristics and low cost. The reliability of solids, given minimal maintenance requirements, made them the ideal system for military applications. On the other hand, liquid rocket engine technology has matured due to their higher specific impulse (ISP) over solids and variable control thrust capability. Hybrid Rockets have been used in only one flight-production application (Teledyne Ryan AQM-81A ‘Firebolt Supersonic Aerial Target) and one series of recent manned flight demonstrations (Burt Rutan’s SpaceshipOne), suggesting that advantages have been overlooked in some potential applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Munitions Igloos for the Container Storage of Wastes Generated from the Maintenance of the Chemical Munitions Stockpile Attachment D.2
    Tooele Army Depot - South Hazardous Wae Storage Permit Permit Attachment 12 - Container Management Modification Date: March 3. 1994 Chemical Munitions Igloos for the Container Storage of Wastes Generated from the Maintenance of the Chemical Munitions Stockpile Attachment D.2. Containers with Free Liquids The stockpile of chemical munitions stored at TEAD(S) (which included the M-55 rockets before they were declarbed obsolete, and became a hazardous waste) requires continual maintenance. These maintenance activities generate wastes, examples of which are: The valves and plugs used on ton containers used to store bulk chemical agent are changed out on a periodic basis, the valves and plugs that are removed are decontaminated, containerized, and managed as a hazardous waste. Wastes of this type would typically carry waste numbers F999 and/or P999, in addition to other waste numbers where applicable. Discarded protective clothing (including suites, boots, gloves, canister to personnel breathing apparatus, etc.) is containerized and managed as a hazardous waste. Certain types of impregnated carbon have been found to contain chromium and silver in leachable quantities exceeding the TCLP criteria for hazardous waste. In such cases, EPA Waste Numbers D007 and DOll would be assigned to these wastes in addition to any other applicable hazardous waste numbers. Any indoor area where chemical agents, or agent filled munitions are stored has the potential to be ventilated. The air removed from the area passes through a bed of activated carbon before being released to the atmosphere. When the activated charcoal is changed out, the spent' carbon is containerized, and managed as a hazardous waste.
    [Show full text]
  • Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory Numbers Are Total Active Inventory Figures As of Sept
    Gallery of USAF Weapons Note: Inventory numbers are total active inventory figures as of Sept. 30, 2011. ■ 2012 USAF Almanac Bombers B-1 Lancer Brief: A long-range, air refuelable multirole bomber capable of flying intercontinental missions and penetrating enemy defenses with the largest payload of guided and unguided weapons in the Air Force inventory. Function: Long-range conventional bomber. Operator: ACC, AFMC. First Flight: Dec. 23, 1974 (B-1A); Oct. 18, 1984 (B-1B). Delivered: June 1985-May 1988. IOC: Oct. 1, 1986, Dyess AFB, Tex. (B-1B). Production: 104. Inventory: 66. Aircraft Location: Dyess AFB, Tex.; Edwards AFB, Calif.; Eglin AFB, Fla.; Ellsworth AFB, S.D. Contractor: Boeing, AIL Systems, General Electric. Power Plant: four General Electric F101-GE-102 turbofans, each 30,780 lb thrust. Accommodation: pilot, copilot, and two WSOs (offensive and defensive), on zero/zero ACES II ejection seats. Dimensions: span 137 ft (spread forward) to 79 ft (swept aft), length 146 ft, height 34 ft. B-1B Lancer (SSgt. Brian Ferguson) Weight: max T-O 477,000 lb. Ceiling: more than 30,000 ft. carriage, improved onboard computers, improved B-2 Spirit Performance: speed 900+ mph at S-L, range communications. Sniper targeting pod added in Brief: Stealthy, long-range multirole bomber that intercontinental. mid-2008. Receiving Fully Integrated Data Link can deliver nuclear and conventional munitions Armament: three internal weapons bays capable of (FIDL) upgrade to include Link 16 and Joint Range anywhere on the globe. accommodating a wide range of weapons incl up to Extension data link, enabling permanent LOS and Function: Long-range heavy bomber.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Army Board Study Guide Version 5.3 – 02 June, 2008
    U.S. Army Board Study Guide Version 5.3 – 02 June, 2008 Prepared by ArmyStudyGuide.com "Soldiers helping Soldiers since 1999" Check for updates at: http://www.ArmyStudyGuide.com Sponsored by: Your Future. Your Terms. You’ve served your country, now let DeVry University serve you. Whether you want to build off of the skills you honed in the military, or launch a new career completely, DeVry’s accelerated, year-round programs can help you make school a reality. Flexible, online programs plus more than 80 campus locations nationwide make studying more manageable, even while you serve. You may even be eligible for tuition assistance or other military benefits. Learn more today. Degree Programs Accounting, Business Administration Computer Information Systems Electronics Engineering Technology Plus Many More... Visit www.DeVry.edu today! Or call 877-496-9050 *DeVry University is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association, www.ncahlc.org. Keller Graduate School of Management is included in this accreditation. Program availability varies by location Financial Assistance is available to those who qualify. In New York, DeVry University and its Keller Graduate School of Management operate as DeVry College of New York © 2008 DeVry University. All rights reserved U.S. Army Board Study Guide Table of Contents Army Programs ............................................................................................................................................. 5 ASAP - Army Substance Abuse Program...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenger Disaster
    Engineering Ethics Case Study: The Challenger Disaster Course No: LE3-001 Credit: 3 PDH Mark Rossow, PhD, PE, Retired Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 22 Stonewall Court Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 P: (877) 322-5800 [email protected] Engineering Ethics Case Study: The Challenger Disaster Mark P. Rossow, P.E., Ph.D. © 2015 Mark P. Rossow All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any manner without the written permission of the author. 2 Preface On January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger was destroyed in a disastrous fire shortly after liftoff. All passengers aboard the vehicle were killed. A presidential commission was formed to investigate the cause of the accident and found that the O-ring seals had failed, and, furthermore, that the seals had been recognized as a potential hazard for several years prior to the disaster. The commission’s report, Report to the President by the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, stated that because managers and engineers had known in advance of the O-ring danger, the accident was principally caused by a lack of communication between engineers and management and by poor management practices. This became the standard interpretation of the cause of the Challenger disaster and routinely appears in popular articles and books about engineering, management, and ethical issues. But the interpretation ignores much of the history of how NASA and the contractor’s engineers had actually recognized and dealt with the O-ring problems in advance of the disaster. When this history is considered in more detail, the conclusions of the Report to the President become far less convincing.
    [Show full text]
  • Desind Finding
    NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE ARCHIVES Herbert Stephen Desind Collection Accession No. 1997-0014 NASM 9A00657 National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC Brian D. Nicklas © Smithsonian Institution, 2003 NASM Archives Desind Collection 1997-0014 Herbert Stephen Desind Collection 109 Cubic Feet, 305 Boxes Biographical Note Herbert Stephen Desind was a Washington, DC area native born on January 15, 1945, raised in Silver Spring, Maryland and educated at the University of Maryland. He obtained his BA degree in Communications at Maryland in 1967, and began working in the local public schools as a science teacher. At the time of his death, in October 1992, he was a high school teacher and a freelance writer/lecturer on spaceflight. Desind also was an avid model rocketeer, specializing in using the Estes Cineroc, a model rocket with an 8mm movie camera mounted in the nose. To many members of the National Association of Rocketry (NAR), he was known as “Mr. Cineroc.” His extensive requests worldwide for information and photographs of rocketry programs even led to a visit from FBI agents who asked him about the nature of his activities. Mr. Desind used the collection to support his writings in NAR publications, and his building scale model rockets for NAR competitions. Desind also used the material in the classroom, and in promoting model rocket clubs to foster an interest in spaceflight among his students. Desind entered the NASA Teacher in Space program in 1985, but it is not clear how far along his submission rose in the selection process. He was not a semi-finalist, although he had a strong application.
    [Show full text]
  • Round Trip to Orbit: Human Spaceflight Alternatives
    Round Trip to Orbit: Human Spaceflight Alternatives August 1989 NTIS order #PB89-224661 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Round Trip to Orbit: Human Spaceflight Alternatives Special Report, OTA-ISC-419 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, August 1989). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 89-600744 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9325 (order form can be found in the back of this special report) Foreword In the 20 years since the first Apollo moon landing, the Nation has moved well beyond the Saturn 5 expendable launch vehicle that put men on the moon. First launched in 1981, the Space Shuttle, the world’s first partially reusable launch system, has made possible an array of space achievements, including the recovery and repair of ailing satellites, and shirtsleeve research in Spacelab. However, the tragic loss of the orbiter Challenger and its crew three and a half years ago reminded us that space travel also carries with it a high element of risk-both to spacecraft and to people. Continued human exploration and exploitation of space will depend on a fleet of versatile and reliable launch vehicles. As this special report points out, the United States can look forward to continued improvements in safety, reliability, and performance of the Shuttle system. Yet, early in the next century, the Nation will need a replacement for the Shuttle. To prepare for that eventuality, NASA and the Air Force have begun to explore the potential for advanced launch systems, such as the Advanced Manned Launch System and the National Aerospace Plane, which could revolutionize human access to space.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean: Background and Issues for Congress
    Order Code RL33432 U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean: Background and Issues for Congress Updated January 3, 2007 David M. Bearden Analyst in Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division U.S. Disposal of Chemical Weapons in the Ocean: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The U.S. Armed Forces disposed of chemical weapons in the ocean from World War I through 1970. At that time, it was thought that the vastness of ocean waters would absorb chemical agents that may leak from these weapons. However, public concerns about human health and environmental risks, and the economic effects of potential damage to marine resources, led to a statutory prohibition on the disposal of chemical weapons in the ocean in 1972. For many years, there was little attention to weapons that had been dumped offshore prior to this prohibition. However, the U.S. Army completed a report in 2001 indicating that the past disposal of chemical weapons in the ocean had been more common and widespread geographically than previously acknowledged. The Army cataloged 74 instances of disposal through 1970, including 32 instances off U.S. shores and 42 instances off foreign shores. The disclosure of these records has renewed public concern about lingering risks from chemical weapons still in the ocean today. The risk of exposure to chemical weapons dumped in the ocean depends on many factors, such as the extent to which chemical agents may have leaked into seawater and been diluted or degraded over time. Public health advocates have questioned whether contaminated seawater may contribute to certain symptoms among coastal populations, and environmental advocates have questioned whether leaked chemical agents may have affected fish stocks and other marine life.
    [Show full text]
  • Shuttle Fact Sheet
    NASA Facts National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, Alabama 35812 FS-2003-06-62-MSFC June 2003 Space Shuttle Propulsion Systems managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center The Space Shuttle is NASA’s reusable space vehicle designed for transport of people, spacecraft and equipment to and from Earth orbit. The propulsion elements of the Space Shuttle, including the Main Engine, External Tank and Solid Rocket Boosters that propel the Space Shuttle into orbit are managed at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The Space Shuttle Main Engines number of flights between required overhauls. The Space The three Space Shuttle Main Engines are clustered Shuttle Main Engines are built by Rocketdyne Propulsion at the aft end of the orbiter and have a combined thrust and Power Division of the Boeing Company in Canoga of more than 1.2 million pounds (5.4 million newtons) Park, Calif. The engine turbopump is built by Pratt and at sea level. They are high performance, liquid propel- Whitney of West Palm Beach, Fla. The turbopumps are lant rocket engines whose thrust can be varied over made by Pratt and Whitney of West Palm Beach, Fla. a range of 65 to 109 percent of their rated The External Tank Low-Pressure power level. They are Oxidizer Oxidizer The External Tank the world’s first reus- Preburner Turbopump is a giant cylinder High-Pressure able rocket engines Main Injector container with a Oxidizer Turbopump and are 14 feet long Fuel rounded, or ogive, (4.3 meters) and 7.5 Preburner top -- higher than a Low-Pressure feet (2.3 meters) in Fuel Turbopump Hot Gas 15-story building, with diameter at the nozzle Manifold a length of 154 feet exit.
    [Show full text]
  • Scms Atlanta 2016 Conference Program Preliminary Draft
    1 SCMS ATLANTA 2016 CONFERENCE PROGRAM PRELIMINARY DRAFT Please review the preliminary draft of the 2016 Atlanta Conference Program and send your minor corrections or changes (affiliation, order of presentations, formatting issues or spelling corrections) to [email protected] by Friday, January 15, 2016 at 5PM CT. To look up author names select the Find button on the tool bar and enter the author's name in the upper left corner of the search box and return. You can also use Ctrl + F to locate the author's name. NOTE: SCMS cannot accommodate requests for changes to the scheduled day or time of any panel or workshop. Corrections will not be made to the preliminary draft. Corrections will be included in the final printed program that will be available at the conference. Open call panel chair assignments are not final. Due to possible changes in room assignments, room numbers will only be included in the final program. REGISTRATION Conference presenters who have not become members and paid the conference registration fee by Friday, February 5, 2016 at 5PM CT will be deleted from the final printed program. To register: https://cmstudies.site-ym.com/?page=conf_registration CANCELLATION/REFUND POLICY All cancellation notifications and requests for conference registration refunds must be submitted online by Monday, February 29, 2016 at 5PM CT. No cancellations by phone or email. Conference registration refunds will be processed at 80% of the amount paid. http://www.cmstudies.org/?page=conf_cancellation (Use this link if you haven't paid the
    [Show full text]