PHYSICS, •, COMPUTER SCIENCE and ' MATHEMATICS DIVISION
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-HOTICG- Thl* report. ww pMpifcd" u in icaiini of work tporiwrcd by the VoiuSSuia Goneranxnl Nrtther tfai Halted Sum not (hi Untied'Stitei Depininun of Energy, not iny of ihcK employ***, not iny of ,ihtir conlnclon, ubeanuutott, otlhtir eraployni, nuka •uy wunniy, tiprtn a implied, or inumu my kpl Utb&ity or rapmnBiaity to thetccuttcy.ccavUlenen or intfulotM of my tafonmtlon, ippuitai, product or ftoeat ditdoMd, at mptuuti thii In u* would oat Infrtnet prfnidy owned i(|hH<
DISTRIBUTION OF. THIS DOCUMENT. IS'UKUM)T£Q Building'Complex housing Physics, Computer Saence and Mathematics Division. LBL-6750 UC-34 Physics' TID-4500-R66
PHYSICS, COMPUTER SCIENCE arid MATHEMATICS DIVISION
Robert W. Birge Division Head
ANNUAL REPORT
1 January - 31 December 1976
Joseph V. Lepore^ Editor
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California ; Berkeley, California Contents
Introduction, 1 Professional Staff, 2 Experimental Physics, 7 High Energy Physics, 7 The Particle Data Group, 20 Medium Energy Physics, 21 Astrophysics and Astronomy, 23 Instrumentation Development, 26 Theoretical Physics, 31 Particle Theory, 31 Accelerator Theory and Design, 38 Nuclear Science, 40 Miscellaneous Theoretical .Physics, 40 Computer Science and •'(•••• Applied Mathematics, 45 Data Management Systems, 47 Soclo-Economic Environmental Demographic Information System, 49 Computer Graphics, 57 Computer Networks, 60 Management Information Systems, 62 . Computational Physics and Data Analysis, 63 Mathematical Modeling, 67 Programming Languages - Research, 68 Applied Mathematics - Research, 68 Educational Programs and Visiting Staff, 69 CSAM Abbreviations, 73 Computer Center, 79 INTRODUCTION
This annual report of the'Physics. Computer developments initiated and perfected at the Labbra- ,,, Science and Mathematics Division describes the sci tory. A balance is maintained by continuing.;experi - entific research and other work carried out within mentation at FNAL and BKAL. The research activities the Division during the calendar year 1976. The and experimental facilities research and development, Division is concerned with work in experimental and as Well as future experimental facilities operations, theoretical physics, with computer science and ap- ' are all closely related. plied mathematics, and with the operation of a com-' Planning for'PEP, a joint effort by LBL puter center; - and SLAC, has been intensively-pursued during 1976. '. The major physics research' activity is in The guiding committees-the PEP Policy Committee arid . high energy physics; a vigorous program is main the PEP Experimental Program Committee—have.been '. tained in this pioneering field. Experimental work formed and have met during this year. A conference is carried out at the Stanford Linear Accelerator on PEP experiments was held at SLAC in late June. Center (SLAC), at the Fermi National Accelerator 1976 and the proceedings have been'issued;- -' Laboratory (FNAL), and at the Brookhaveh National The Division continues its work in medium Laboratory (BNL). energy physics, with experimental work carried out The unexpected and revolutionary discoveries at the Bevatron and at the Los Alamos Pi-Meson made over the last few years by SLAC and LBL scien Facility (LAMPF): tists using the Stanford Positron Electron Acceler Work in computer science and applied mathema ator Ring (SPEAR),- have renewed a sense, of excitement tics includes construction.of data bases, computer within the Division. These experiments resulted in graphics, computational physics and data analysis, , . the discovery of the ip-particle and, almost immed mathematical modeling, and mathematical analysis of iately thereafter, in discovery of the i|/'; in the differential and integral equations resulting from anomalous ye pair-production indicating a' heavy lep- physical problems. ton; and finally in the production of charmed mesons The computer center serves the Laboratory by disintegrating into *khit. All of these, discoveries constantly upgrading its facility and by providing undoubtedly imply that we are now at the start of a... day-to-day service. new'period in the development of high energy physics.- The scientific staff of the Division is com The results 'expected in the energy region up to 30 posed of staff and faculty (UCB): senior scientists,' GeV with the positron-electron colliding beam, pro divisional fellows, term appointees, postdoctoral „ ject (PEP) will probably produce more surprises. students, and graduate students. . The graduate The high energy physics research program in . students contribute substantially to the Labora- > .]'!.'' the Division now focuses on experiments with e e" tory's research program while fulfilling the re- , » colliding beams using advanced techniques and quirements for their advanced degrees. ' • ;, PROFESSIONAL STAFF - 1976
EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS
•ASTROPHYSICS KENNEY/HEUWLZ ' SEGRE/CHAMBERLAIN A. Buffington PHYSICS GROUP PHYSICS GROUP R. A. Muller A. C. Helmholz 0. Chamberlain C. D. Orth W. Chinowsky G. F. Smoot R. A. John: *i R. W. Kenney S. Nagamiya T. S. Mast S. A. Nissen-Meyer J. Middleditch , S. R. Shannon J. E. Nelson G. Shapiro ELY PHYSICS GROUP H. M. Steiner C E. Wiegand J.'W. Chapman D. M. Chew R. P. Ely teRTH PHYSICS GROUP G. Gidal '.' P. J. Oddone A. R. Clark * THEORETICAL PHYSICS E. S. Groves L. T. Kerth K. Bardakci S. C. Loken M. S.' Chanowitz G. L. Schnurmacher G. •F. Chew GROUP A PHYSICS L. S. Schroeder ' A. A. Garren M. W. Strovink M. B. Halpern L. W. Alvarez ' W. A. Wenzel - U. Arfeadir ' P. G. Hoyer P. Bosetti- " J. D. Jackson D. L. -Judd F. S. Crawford * Kauftaan 0.,1. Dahl A. N. NYGREN PHYSICS GROUP L. J. Lasiett, ' P. H. Eberhard lepore A.i B. Galtieri J. V. M. A. Garnjost J. N. Marx S. Mandelstam M. S. Hutchinson D. R. Nygren G. Perry W. 0. Rbellner P. R. Robrish R. J. Riddell , P. LeComte ...... M. J. Urban L. Smith. G. R. Lynch " . H. P. Stapp R. J. Madaras' •'' H. Suzuki W. E. Nolan ;,*:',, K. M. Watson . B. Pardoe PARTICLE DATA GROUP W. J. Wilson M. Fripstem A. H. Rosenfeld C. P. Home R. L. Kelly TRILLING/GQLDHABER R. R. Ross A. Rittenberg B. Sadoulet . T. G. Trcppe PHYSICS GROUP ¥. T. Solmitz G. Yost - M. L. Stevenson G. S.< Abrams /'fR. D. Tripp c E. Friedberg G. Goldhaber j. "A., Kadyk GROUP R- CRCWE 'PHYSICS DIVISION OFFICE K. H., Nguyen R. W. Birge .. F. Pierre K. M. Crowe G. H.—Trillin g W. Carithers. ..i . P. C Rows J. Kennedy . ' -' J., S,, .Whitaker P. W. Weber F.i Winkelmann
GROUPJ- • PEREZ-MENDez/KAPLAN PHYSICS SYSTEMS •"" \ F. n Herbert C. Albrecht Alfred D. Johnson Norman W. Albright William E. Johnston Rosemary B. Allen 'f Daniel F. Kane KiatP. Ang Ardith S. Kenney Donald M. Austin ' Simcha S. Knif Herbert B. Baskin Suzanne G. Kranz William H. Benson - Peter TV Kreps Victor 0. Brady Ivy A. Kuo Noel E. Brown ClaudetteE. Lederer Shirley S. .Buckman Barbara S,«Levine Bruce R. Burkhart Francoise A. Marchat Shirley Cassinelli Loren P. Meissner Chun-Fai Chan Deane W. Merrill Paul Ghan William B. Michael Alexandre Chorin James G. Miller Thomas P. Clements Fanya S, Montalvo Elon R. Close Vivian Morgan Tricia A: Coffeen Grove C, Nooney John S. Coionias Arthur C. Paul Paul Concus • WlodzimieTZ Proskurowski Peter A. Cook Carl Quong Sheldon R. Furst David R. Richards' Wen-Sue Gee . •' Deborah K. Scherrer Ffedric C. Gey ' \ Esther H. Schroeder Harland M.- Glaz Arie Shoshani William H. Greiman Silvia Sorell Dennis E. Hall David P. Soroka Robert N. Healey Ludmilla Soroka Bradford K. Heckman Michael R. Stonebraker Ruth L. Hinkins Virginia Sventek William D. Hogan • Clinton Ward Harvard H. Holmes Edna E. Williams Marjorie S. Hutchinson Howard S. White Patricia Iqbal Peter M. Wood COMPUTER CENTER STAFF U. Arkadir M. S. Itzkowitz F., M. Atchley J. P. Johnston J. A. Baker J. A. Knight E.-R. Beals E. S. Magnuson .P. E. Bernzott B. E. Pelca ' J. T. Borges R. E. Rendler D: N.' Brainard \V. A. Rhodes . B. Brittori 'J. Sarna Wojcicki D.'H. Cleveland Barbara Saloy . J; L. Dilworth M. C. Sinmons U. L. Fink . D. F. Stevens E. A. Fourt T. H. Strong. R. S. Friedman G. D. VanZile D. L, Fry . L. S. Vardas D. G. Gok : H. S. White R< J. Harvey J. D. Wood W. 0. Haynes"'.'• Karlyn Wright D. L. Henrich D. H. Zurlinden 1 'a -s-1 « 1 t t . - I Sftfci©**-' if - / ^ •j»rtr*t"T- ' event jn Ti^EN^lWt, hydrogen bubble chamber „The T.^"^f §£ °* * SPPWon ' The electron-positron paire in • due UHRK deWirf % rfeutral ^n meson'winch subse- ^ ra^^rf«^^jninl.]ia^which themselves'produce electron pairs amWjnpS*!* mwerfeffitt idehtifi&nonlof particle) f ~L ' '0 K5^ V * T . j$fl- " 1. EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 2. The particle is produced in associated ' production1with another of equal or higher ANNIHILATION OF EV AT SPEAR; _ 'mass. "'• ..• ..-" .'.' •-. '*'• ' . HftRK I MAGNETIC DETECTOR. The ISL-SLAC colla 3. A charged counterpart, observed at a boration has continued its successful study of e e~ slightly higher mass, decays only in an annihilation at SPEAR. The most important results exotic mode into Kmr. obtained during.the year, are thediscovery of 4. A comparison of. the three-body and two- charmed mesons, the fiifthir: determination of the . body decay shows parity violation and radiative decay rates of'|i(3684), and determination nence a weak decay; .• of properties of the intermediate states,reached in 5. In the recoil spectrum the first excited radiative transitions. The latter.show a close cor-.- respohdence to the* cc" bound state model (charmonium). state has been observed at a mass of 2006 . The charged and ieutral mesons' D° and B were found " MeV, and'evidence for higher excited and shown to have decay modes consistent with selec--. states at about 2430 MeV has also been tion rules for charmed meson decays. In addition, found. it was shown that the decays are parity violating, 6. The study of the recoil-spectrum puts an indicating a weak interaction. ... upper limit of 5 MeV on the width'of the Determination of the properties of the x ground state- as well as oh the first ex states, the intermediate states between the iK(3.7) cited state. and the J/iIiCl), was ^attacked from two points of 7. While a definitive spin measurement has view. First, by a direct measurement of the photon not as yet been made, all indications- 1 spectrum in IJJ decay, obtained by studying the elec point to spin zero for the ground state tron pair spectrum from photons converted in the and spin one for the excited state. vacuum pipe and cylindrical counter of the SLAC-LBL As noted above, a pattern of behavior has been detector. This method allowed a measurement.of the direct transition rate to x(3500). And secondly, by found which fits the charm model precisely, one that identifying several hadrdnic decay modes of the x would be very hard to achieve by othei means. states'by applying fitting techniques, originally developed for bubble-chanter work; to the-SLAC-IBL . detector at SPEAR. Staff, in collaboration with SLAC: A careful study of SPEAR data in the 3.9-4.6 (G. S. Abrams, W. Chinowsky, R. G. DeVoe, C. Friedberg, G. Goldhaber, J. A. Kadyk, GeV energy region led to the discover;,-, in May 1976,' R. J. Madaras, K. H.. Nguyen, C. Pang, F. of a new narrow-particle ata mass of 1.865 GeV de Pierre, B. Sadoulet, S. R. Shannon, G. H. ..Trilling) caying to Kir and K3ir final states. Subsequent work has revealed, beyond any reasonable doubt, that this Graduate Students: '•is the long sought-after charmed meson predicted by s- (M. Coles and S. Cooper) •S. L.Glashow and co-workers.. The experimental re sults that lead to this conclusion are as follows: LEAD-GLASS WALL EXPERIMENT AT SPEAR, The lead-- 1. There is a definite threshold for the pro glass wall is a particle detector, sensitive to pho duction of th's new particle at E > 3.1- tons and electrons.. The primary aim of this exper . 3.7 GeV. iment is to search for events that may arise from UCB-LBL scientists George Trilling and Gerson Goldhaber discuss production and decay processes of D° and D+ charmed particles. «* , LBL senior scientist Angela Galtieri inspects elemenfi of the lead glass wall. 10 the production and decay of new particles (charmed TIME PROJECTION QWBER AND ASSOCIATED SUPERCON particl03, heavy leptons, or possibly new objects). DUCTING SOLENOID -. During this year all apparatus was assembled, a mon The time projection chamber (TPC), based on itoring system was developed to chedjits functions, powerful new detector concepts, is conceived as the and programs were constructed for data handling. central element of the PEP facility. The TPC will Data-taking will continue at SPEAR until about provide three dimensional spatial data about the 300,000 hadronic events have been.recorded. configuration of particles'produced in electron- positron collisions. In addition, mass measurements Staff, in collaboration with Northwestern University, of charged particles and good momentum measurements. SLAG, and University of Hawaii: are also readily obtained. Generally, particle de (A. Barbaro-Galtieri, R. Ely, B. Gobbi, P. •_ tectors, based on TPC concepts will be of importance ' LeComte, R. Madara, B. Pardoe, M. Ronan, * R. Ross, T. Trippe, V. Vuillemin) wherever .storage ring1 accelerators are used. The TPC will require the use of superconduc Graduate Students: ting solenoids with a conducting bore tube. The (J. Filler and A. Fong) momenta of charged particles from a collision will be measured inside the coil, using the resulting MARK II MAGNETIC DETECTOR, LBL has undertaken magnetic fields; additional information about charged a major share of the construction of the Mark II de or neutral particles that have .traversed the coil tector at SPEAR. This effort includes work on the will be collected by other detectors (Cerenkov, liquid argon lead shower counters for the Mark II' shower counters, etc.) outside the coil. Diameters detector, and the development of a software package . of 2 to 3 m are typical for these superconducting for both the drift chamber system and the shower solenoids. counters at Mark II. In this respect Mark II differs Activity'this year involved the construction sufficiently from Mark I so that a completely new and operation at the Bevatron of two TPC prototypes start in software systems must be made. using conventional magnets. 'These detectors were The LBL Mark II Liquid Argon Project is en designe'd to provide new data on energy loss in ultra- gaged in tests, design, and checkout of shower thin gas samples by comparing electrons and pions counters and components. Tests of a prototype de- and, most importantly, to demonstrate, the feasibility 2 of the TPC concept. In addition, tests ••?! LBL .physicists William Wenzel and'David^Fancher at work on 1 * prototype time projection chamber. 1. The design of the PEP experimental area SLAC Staff: 2. The solution of technical problems asso (B. Anderson, B. Ash, J. Brown, H. DeStaebler, ciated with the interaction of the ma and J. Murray) , . chine and the proposed experiments" STUDIES OF NEUTRINO INTERACTIONS 3. The interfacing of users and. the PEP The External Muon Identifier consists of a • machine " set of multiwire proportional chamber particle de 4. The development of support .systems for tectors placed behind; tiieFNAL 15-ft bubble chamber. PEP experiments such as coi-linT'computers, , The identifier is pf prime importance in the study Teal-time'links to the main computer . of neutrino interactions jsing the muon neutrinos center, cryogenic support for supercon produced there, Evidence for the semi-leptonic de ducting magnets, and the design' of systems cay of charmed mesons, and branching ratios for such for access aiid movement of detectors decays relative to the total decay rate was obtain 5. The evaluation,of the effect"of proposals ed this year,. An LBL data-analysis system was de on PEP resources and equipment funding veloped for these studies, ^; A search similar to the,one described above,, In the future, as experiments and facilities, but using anti-neutrinos was in progress during are approved and developed, the'group will provide 1976., Evidence has:'already been obtained showing the coordinating function' necessary for utilizing,.,'; : /that anti-neutrinos are less-effective in producing LBL resources in the PEP experimental program; charmed mesons. > Work is also under way on an inten The conceptual design of the experimental sive search for di-muon events; such events would areas has been "completed. A series of experiments suggest the existence of new mesons containing on radiation shielding was carried.out at SLAG to ,. quarks.heavier than those having charm and exhibit determine the most economical and effectiveshieldr. ing another property similar to strangeness and ing configurations for the experimental halls i:The . charm^" : v V^, present design represents"both a significant depar ture from and a major improvement over the original Staff, in collaboration with University of Hawaii, "- ' University of Wisconsin";'_ ami CERN: design. "•'" . ; '_-''"•:/ Computer programs have been developed to study (W, Kbellner, G. Lynch; and M. L. Stevenson) the effects of magnets on the ring operation. These Graduate Students:;:' .:;, ;^: ~p programs have been used to check all the proposed ••• : magnets. Calculations on synchrotron radiation v (J. Marrin^r and J. Qrthel) i backgrounds and on masking arrangements have been carried out to.help users.design the vacuum chambers STUDIES OF RATEMJON REACTIONS AT FNflL USING THE. for their experiments. Backgrounds due;Jo beam-gas > collisions have also been calculated in order to aid llLiiiti4ium'Srecn«HETER " : '• experimental; design. .;.* ... : :-. ' * An exploration of rare muon-induced reactions Planning work leading' to the choice of the'on- at FNAL has been planned for some time. Construction . line computer systems for PEP Will soon be completed. and testing of the proportional chambers, trigger A preliminary; plan for the construction of a link '• counters, and associated electronics is well under from the.on-line PEP compufer to the CDC 760(5 has .,' way. .Tests on a group of calorimeter counters were been finished. Planning activities leading to the carried out both at SLAC and at Fermilab to verify design of the cryogenic plant for superconducting predicted operating characteristics of the counters. magnets is also under way*/ ;.'•' The steel plates and coil assemblies for the magnet were fabricated and delivered to Fermilab..Access to LBL Staff: ' the muon laboratory &r the installation of this exper- (A. Clark, P. Nemethy, and P. Oddone) msritwas gained in February 1977, and installation of, the magnet has begun. The Fermilab schedule'calls for J4-" LBL senior" saentist Jack Peterson inspecting component mx&mzix&m® ,of prototype PEP accelerator. •H WM~^:~; -.,;. •„-• the magnet to.be completed in April with magnet test The first two reactions are classic from the' ing, magnetic field mapping, and installation of point of view of Regge theory since each is dominat the proportional chambers and counters to follow. ed by the exchange of a 'single Regge trajectory, the Final checkout of the apparatus and test runs to deter p and the A,, respectively. Studies of these same * •' mine trigger rates will be completed during the reactions at iarge transverse momenta^ provide the simmer of 1977. ' first detailed comparison between these reactions at high energies and should yield significant informa Staff, in collaboration'.with Fermilab and Princeton tion about the possible quark or parton.of the par University: . ticles involved in the reactions. . •--.';•. (A. R. Clark, L. T. Kerth, S. C. Loken, M. The triple-Regge formalism has been successful *.. _.-'••, Strovink, and W. A. Wenzel) in fitting the p-p inclusive .cross'sections but since Graduate Students: there are so many'parameters; JMs is not a very con CT. Markiewicz, P. Meyers, and W. Smith) clusive test. The corresponding prediction for the ir'p ,•+ ir°x anything reaction is simple by comparison, •'.;": and measurement of this inclusive cross section ,-,._• j •''. PION SCATTERING FROM POLARISED TARGETS should provide a definitive test* of the theory. A study of polarization effects in elastic scattering on protons at FNAL energies produced Staff, in collaboration with-CIT: "J data at 100 CeV (secondary beam energy). About . equal numbers'of IT , IT", and p were incident on the. (0, Dahl, R. Kenney, R, Johnson, M. Pripstein, and S. Shannon) 7 polarized proton target:' /Preliminary results show polarization is small, as expected, and there seem • Graduate Students: to be no disagreements with Regge theory. That is, (R. Hamilton and A. Ogawa) - the polarization is smaller than.that at lower en- , ergies by about the amount expected according: to . HIGH ENERGY *P INTERACTIONS AT SLAC •:• Regge theory. It is hoped that the 100 GeV ir-p Work is about finished oh the diffractive pro results will be completed. The results on p-p duction and decay of nucleon isobars produced by 14 polarization are currently under suspicion because ' GeV/c pions". Counters and wire spark chambers were the incident beam may have been polarized to an ex used to trigger the SLAG 40-in H bubble chamber on tent as yet unknown. . < 2 f pictures with a fast outgoing; track of more than 8 •GeV/c. The external measurements of the fast for Staff, in collaboration with Harvard: ward track allow both an efficient trigger and.in (W. Brucker, 0. Chamberlain, G. Shapiro, and creased resolution.' • ••-'• H. Steiner) ., .-'..,.: -.. J" _•.;_ '. In addition, an ambitious program to study ~ interference between- tLu.pion exchange amplitudes ^ i INCLUSIVE^^PRODUCTION OF ffeurlW;,ftsoNs,iNT"p and the diffraction amplitude is under way. ... ,f COLLISIONSAT FNAL' .';'.• ThispToje'ct concerns ir'p reactions in'the . Staff, in collaboration with CIT and SLAC at SLAC: momentum range of .20 to 200 GeV/c.,'ThefreWti6nsn:^ (R. Ely) under i'imestigatiori'are'^ (1) .Tr~p+!u0ri;: (2) *"p-t nnV ,C?) V'p-* T° +";anything; and C4) ir'p1 * IT0 + neutralsi: Three different investigations are possible by al- SEARCH FOR BARYON RESONANCES AT BNL * ^ter^ffieconfigiyatibnbf particle detectors. Low energy k"p and pp scattering has been These' are1 (l)^ an" investigation of Regge tfajectories, studied at BNL to search for baryon resonances in '(•2)^studies of models for production mechanisms,-and the k~-nucleon system. A run is*planned in 1977 to' (3) a test of the triple-Regge formalism inclusive measure the momentum dependeice of the 180* differ cross sections. ,. * .. '•" ential cross "section for the reactions k"p + k"p 16 and to EV and fir from SOO to H00 MeV/cvto clar streamer chamber on interactions producing a fast- ify the spectrum of hyperon resonances in this re forward proton or K . gion. • The.final results of this experiment: 1. Production and decay distribution of back Staff; in collaboration with ML. Holyoke and CERN: ward 7T and p* mesons CM. Alston-Ganrjost, R. Keim y, B. Pardoe, 2. Fixing'of 5 ull upper limits on backward S. Shannon, and R. Tripp) f AT,'A!I, and B* production Gtaduate Students' 3. Demonstration of strong interference be (R. Hamilton, R. Johnson.'and D. Pollard) tween if" and ii) °(1670) states in the pit"iP final state and comparison with a Regge '"' HIGH ENERGY P-P INTERACTIONS AT FNAL phase prediction An'exploratory program to study p-p interac 4. A test of time reversal in the reaction tions ai high energies is under way. The 15-ft bub ir'p •* K+E~ ble chamber is being used. The first phase of this 5. A study of backward production of neutral program is to develop' scanning and measuring tech 'mesons, TT°, n°, i"°, P°, f°; their produc niques and to develop reconstruction program*. tion and decay distributions were aiso These are being tested on a 25,000 picture exposure investigated . " of 400 SeV/c protons m hydrogen. 6. A study of the reactions iTp-*A°mi and ' In'oiler to facilitate the measurement of the TT'P + A0 Kim where a fast forward A0 is complicated events in this film, one of the uual also made , magnification scan tables which were developed last year has been interfaced to theTBM 7044 COBWEB sys Staff: tem. Digitized points on each track are recorded CJ. Chapman, R. Ely, G. Gidal, V*. Michael, and and used to drive the measuring machines. This pro- P. Oddone) i* vided an ambiguous track identification on the mea Graduate Student- suring machine and uses the stereo pair track match- (D. Scharre) - -» ing from the scan table. This combined hardware and software development has been christened CICERO. The objective of the present program is to ANALYSIS OF TP ELASTIC AND CHARGE EXCHANGE SCATTER measure all events with one or more neutral strange ING , , particle,decays or gamma-ray conversions to e e" Using all available data up to 2.4 GeV center- '- pairs and four-pronged and six pronged events. To of-mass energy, a Barrelet moment analysis, which i=^_date.about Z500 events have been processed. expresses the results in teims of the location^of '''•'-> Barrelet zeros, was performed.. Systematic exper Staff: imental errors are revealed by the moment analysis, :' (R* P- Ely, G. Gidal, and W. Michael) thus making possible a selection of the most reli - Graduate' Student: , ** able data. A surprising and still not understood result is that best charge-exchange data imply >,,- (P. R. Hanson; , important contributions^ from "substantially higher J than,the best irp elastic scattering data at the same energy. * BVWYON EXCHANGE REACTIONS AT THE'BEVATRON , - i •}*. - .. .-, ' By a combmatior of unitarity and causality ' This experiment was designed to studybaryon consideration, encouraging progress has been made exchange mechanisms ...in backward it'p inelastic scat- toward" resolving the Barrelet-zero discrete ambiguity tenng around 4 Communication at the International Cryogenic Engi Further Evidence Concerning New Resonances in the .Tttl,..- r • neering rinference. System. ' ' M. Green, P. H. Eberhard, and J. Taylor, Confer- . M. Alstpn-Garnjbst, R. Kenney, D. Pollard, R. Ross, -, ence, Grenoble, France, 1976, LBL-4824. • R. Tripp, LBL; H. Nicholson, Mt. Holyoke, M. Ferro-Luzzi, CERN. LBL-6129, submitted to Phys.Rev. Communication at the Thinkshop on Physics. Experimen tal Quantum Mechanics. Hadronic Decays of States Producted in Radiative P. H. Eberhard, Erice, Sicily, April 1976, Tests Decays of ip' of Unitanty, LBL-4885 F. M. Pierre, paper presented at the XVIII International Conference on High Energy Physics, Determination of the G-Parity and Isospm of if(3095) Tbilisi, USSR, July 15-21, 1976, LBL-5324. by Study of Multipion Decays. B. Jean-Mane, G.S. Abr-Jns, A.M. Boyarski, M. Inclusive IT and n Production at Large Transverse Breidenbach, F. Bulos, W. Chinowsky, G.Jr Feldman, Momentum. C.E. Friedberg, D. Fryberger, G. Goldhaber, G. A. Ogawa, 0. Dahl, R. Johnson, R. Keimt , M. Hanson, D.L. Hartill, J.A. Kadyk, R.R. Larsen, Pripstein, S. Shannon, LBL; G. Donaldson, H. A.M. Litke, D. Luke, B.A. Lulu, V. Luth, H.L. Cordon, K-W. Lai, I. Stumer, BNL; A, Barnes, Lynch, C.C.'Morehouse, J.M. Peterson, M.L. Perl, J. Mella, A. Tollestrup, R. Walker, Caltech. F.M. Pierre, T.P. Pun, P. Rapidis, B. Richter, Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Series B. Sadoulet, R.F. Schwitters, W. Tanenbaua, G.H. II, Vol. 21, No. 1 (1976). Presented at the Trilling, F. Vannucci, J.S. Whitaker, F.C. Wirikel- Winter APlTMeeting, Feb. 1976. mann, J.E. Wiss, Phys. Rev. Letters 36,291 (1976). Inclusive IT0 Production at High p from n p. Determination of the KL •* ir~u vu Form Factor 5(q^) A. Tollestrup, A. Barnes, J. Mellema, R. Walter, by Muon Polarization Measurements. Caltech; G. Donaldson, H. Gordon, K-W Lai, I. • A.R. Clar, R.C. Field, W.R. Holley, Rolland P. Strumer, BNL, A. Ogawa, 0. Dahl, R. Johnson, Johnson, L.T. Kerth, R.C. Sail, and G. Shen. M. Prip,tem, S. Shannon, LBL. Presented at the -• LBL-48C2 (Revised), to be published in Phys. Rev. XVIII International Conference on High Energy D. Physics, Tbilisi, USSR, July 1976. 18 The Lead Glass Wall Addition to SPEAR Mark I Mag Schwitters, J. Siegrist, W. Tanenbaum, G.H. Tril netic Detector; A Technical Description. ling, F. Vannucci, J.S. Whitaker, J.E/ Wiss; Phys. . '"•P. •LeComte, A. Barbaro-Galtieri,1 J. Dorfan, R. Rev. Letters 37, 255 (1976). • : Ely, G. Feldman, J. Feller, A. Fang, B. Gobbi, G. "Hanson, F. Heile, J. Jaros, B. Kwan, A. Litke, 9 D. Luke, R. Madaras, J. Martin, T. Mast, D. Observation of a Narrow Charged State at' 1876 MeV/c Miller, B. Pardoe, S. Parker, M. Perl, I. Peruzzi, Decaying to an Exotic Combination of Krrrr. . •. M. Piccolo, T. Pun, P. Rapidis, M. Ronan, R. Ross, I. Peruzzi, M. Piccolo, G.J. Feldman, H.K'.Nguyen,. B. Sadoulet, T. Trippe, V. Vuillemin, D. Yount. J.E. Wiss, G.S. Abrams, M.S. Alam, A.M. Boyarski, . Abstract submitted to American Physical Society •. M. Breidenbach, W.C. Carithers, W. Qiihowskyy R. . Meeting, Washington, D.C., April 25-28, 1977. G. DeVoe, J.M. Lorfan, G.E. Fischer, G.E. Fried berg, D. Fryberger, G. Goldhaber, G.-Hanson, J. A. Jaros, 'A.D. Johnson, J.A. Kadyk, R.R;' Larsen, Measurement of the CP-nonconservmg Decay K,0 •* 2TT°. D. Luke, V. Luth, H.L. Lynch, R.J. Madaras; 'C.C. C.A. Rey, Univ. of Notre Dame; R.J. Cence, B.D. Morehouse, J.M. Paterson, M.L. Perl, F.M. Pierre, Jones, S.I'. Parker, V,X. Peterson, V.J. Stenger, T.P. Pun, P. Rapidis, 3. Richter, R.H. Schindler, Univ. of Hawaii; R.W. Kenney, I.R. Linscott, W. R.F. Schwitters, J. Siegrist, W. Tanenbaum, G.H. P. Oliver, LBL. Phys. Rev. D13, No. 5 'larch 1, Trilling, F. Vannucci, J.S. Whitakerj Phys. Rev. - 1976, LBL-4626. Letters 37, 569 (1976). z • Measurement of the K*p •* Tfti Cross Section. Observation of a Narrow State at 18.65 MeV/c Decay D. Pollard, M. Alston-Ganrjost, R. Kenney, R. ing into Kir and Kmrn Produced in e e"Annihilation. Ross, R. Tripp, LBL; H. Nicholson,. Mt. Holyoke; G. Goldhaber, paper presented at the IPP Inter M. Ferro-Luzzi, CERN. Bulletin 6f the American national Summer School, McGill University, Mon Physical Society, Series II, Vol. 21, No.l (1976). treal, Canada, Junf 21-26, 1976, LBL-4883. Presented at the Winter APS Meeting, February 1976. Observation of a Neutral Narrow State at 1.B6 GeV Decaying to Kir and K3r Produced in e+e" Annihilation. Measurement of the K~p * TPh Total Cross Section Be- Francois M. Pierre, paper submitted to.the'XVIII . low 1 GeV/c. International Conference on High Energy Physics, D. Pollard, (Thesis), LBL-5522. , ' Tbilisi, USSR, July 15-21, 1976, LBL-5307. Measurement of the pp + m Cross Section. Observation of a Resonance at 4.4 GeV and Additional H. Nicholson, Mt. Holyoke; M. Alston-Ganrjost, Structure Near 4.1 GeV in e+e" Annihilation. • R. Kenney, D. Pollard, R. Ross, R. Tripp, LBL; J. Siegrist, G.S. Abrams, A.M. Boyarski, M. Brei M. Fetro-Luzzi, CERN, Bulletin of. the American denbach, F. Bulos, W. Chinowsky, G.J. Feldman, C. Physical Society, Series II, Vol. 21, No.l (1976). ' E. Friedberg, D. Fryberger, G, Goldhaber, G. Han Presented at the Winter APa Meeting, February son, D.L. Hartill, J. Jaros, B. Jean-Marie, J.A. 1976." Kadyk, R.R. Larsen, D. Luke, V. Luth, H.L. Lynch, R. Madaras, C.C. Morehouse, H.K. Nguyen, J.M. Pat Multiplicities Associated with the Production of erson, M.L. Perl, I. Peruzzi, F.M. Pierre, M. Pions, Kaons or Protons of High Transverse Momentum Piccoln, T.P. Pun, P. Rapidis, B. Richter, *B. at the ISR. Sadoulet, R.F. Schwitters, W. Tanenbaum, G.H. Tril B. Alper, 'et al., Nucl. Phys. B114, pp. 1-10 (19761 ling, F. vjnnucci, J.S. Whitaker, F.C. Winkelmarfn, J.E. Wiss, Phys. Rev. Letters 36, 700 '(1976). -New Data on K"p + K°n and a K>1 Partial Wave Analysis Below 1.2 GeV/c. Observation of the Decay i>(3684)-• \K3095)n. R. Tripp, LBL-5502, presented at the Topical Con- W. Tanenbaum, G.S. Abrams, A.M. Boyarski, M. Brei < ference on Baryon Resonances, Oxford, England, denbach, F. Bulos, W. Chinowsky, G.J. Feldman, Julv,4976. C.E. Friedberg, D. Fryberger, G. GoLdhaber, G. Hanson, D.L, Hartill, B. Jean-Marie,-J.A. Kadyl:, .New States in the Decays of iK3095) and I|I(3684). R.R. Larsen, A.M. Litke, D. Luke, B.A. Lulu, V. Luth, H.L. Lynch, C.C. Morehouse, J.M.'.Paterson, J.S. Whitaker, Invited,TaIk for the International M.L. Perl, F.M. Pierre, T.P. Pun, P. Rapidis, B. Meeting on Storage Ring Physics, Flame, France, Richter, B. Sadoulet, R.F. Schwitters, G.H. Tril ' February 22-28, 1976, LBL-4817. . " ling, r. Vannucci, J.S. Whitaker, F,C. Winkelmann, J.E. Wiss, Phys. Rev. Letters T6, 402-(197f). Neutrino Interactions with e u_ and Multiple IT'S. Berkeley, (LBL, CERN, Hawaii, Wisconsin collabora- Obsecvation of u"e K0; Event's Produced by a Neutrino 3eam. , '.' tion, LBL-531? (July 1976). J. von Krogh, et al., Fhys. Rev. Letters 36, 710 * * + . s * . (1976). ^ - :. ""Observation in e e Annihilation of a Narrow State at .1805 MeV/cZ Decaying to Kif and Kmrrr. » „ i Pion Charge Exchange Scattering at High Energy. . G.-Goldhabeuj-F.M.'Pierre, G.S. Abrams, M.S. Alim, A. Barnes, D.J. Mellema, A. Tollestrup; R. Waiker, A.M. ,Boyarski', K. Breidenbach, W.C. Carithers, W. Caltech; 0. Dahl, R. Johnson, R. Kenney, M. Prip- - ~ * Chinowsky, S.C."Cooper, R.G, DeVoe, J.M. Doffan, stem, LBL. Phys. Rev. Lett. 37., No.2, July 1976, G.J. Feldman, C.E.-Friedberg, D.'Sryberger, G. LBL-5331. ...-•"•'' '•*•• Hanson, J." Jaros, A.D. Jolinson, J.A. Kadyk;, R.R. ' Larsen, D„ Luke, V. Luth, H.L. Lynch, R.J. Madaras, Polarization m ir'p Plastic Scattering at 1180,1250, C.C. Storehouse,'H.K. Nguyen, J.M, Paterson, M.L. and 1360 MeV/c. Perl, J. Feruzzi, M. -Piccolo, T.P. Pun, P. Rapidis, E. Barrelet, O. Chamberlain, W. Gorn, S. Shannon, B. Richter, B. Sadoulet, R.H. Schmdler, R.F.-, , G. Shapiro, and H. Sterner. LBL-5386, 1976. Z£* 19 pp Charge Exchange Scattering Below 1.1 GeV/c. with New Quantum Numbers, University of Wisconsin, R. Tripp,.LBL-S361, presented at the 3rd European Madison, WI, April 22-24, 1976, LBL-4884. Symposium on AntiLNucleon'-Nucieon Interactions, Stockholm, Sweden, July 1976. A_Search for Backward Al and A2 Production in 4 GeV/c. up Interactions. Precision Measurement of the K~p •* lTn Cross Section D. Scharre, et al., submitted to the Washington * Below 1.1 GeV/c. Meeting of the American. Physical Society, April r' M. Alston-Gamjost, R. Kenney, D. Pollard, R. 1976. „ ' ',--,'.'. ''..• •'••• ->" '"' Ross, R. Tripp,.LBL; H. Nicholson, Mt. Holyoke; M. Ferro-Luzzi, CERN, LBL-5589, submitted to A Search for Backward Al and A2 Production in1 4 GeV/c Fhys. Rev. Lett. irp Interactions. , J. Chapman," et al., submitted to the XVIII Inter Production of y; ir°,Ti at Large Transverse Momenta in national Conference on High*Energy Physics, ¥p and pp Collisions. ,' Tbilisi, USSR, July 1976. N R. Walker, Caltech. Bulletin of the American •Physical Society Vol. 22, No. 1 (19775. A Search for Narrow Resonances in Proton-Proton Col- „ • lisions at 53 GeV Genter-of-Mass Energy. - - . " * Production of ir° and n Mesons in e e" Annihilation M. G. Albrow, et al., Nucl. Phys. B114, pp. 365- •• • at SPEAR. 379 (1976). ^ .''''• D.H. Miller, A. Barbaro-Galtieri,- J. Dorfan, R. Ely, G. Feldman, J. Feller, A. Fang, B. Gobbi, X Spectroscopy and Newer Particles. G. Hanson, F. Heile, J. Jaros, B. Kwan, P. LeComte, F. Pierre, Invited'Tali at XVIII International A. Litke, D. Luke, R. Madaras, J. Martin, T. Mast, Conference on High Energy Physics, Tbilisi, USSR, S. Parker, M. Perl, .1. .Peruzzi, M. Piccolo, T. Pun, July 15-21, 1976, LBL-5372. P. Rapidis, M. Ronan, R. Ross, B. SadoulSt.M. Trippe, V. Vuillemin, D. Youht. Abstract submit- Study of Anomalous Electron Production in Hadronic tedtto American,Physical Society Meeting, Washing Events Using the Lead-Glass Wall at SPEAR. ton D.C., April 25-28/1977. ' • M. Ronan, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, J. Dorfan, R. Ely, G. Feldman, J. Feller, A. Fong, B. Gobbi, G. Han Properties of Anomalous ep Events Produced in e e" son, F. Heiler, J. Jaro's, B. Kwan, F. LeComte, ' Annihilation. A. Litke, D. Luke, R. Madaras, J. Martin, T. Mast, M.L. Perl, G.J. Feldman, G.S. Abrams, M.S. Alan, D. Miller, S. Parker,' M.'Perl, I. Peruzzi,'M. A.M. Boyarski, M. Breidenbach, F. Bulos, W. Piccolo, T. Pun, P. Rapidis, R. Ross, B. Sadoulet, . . Chinowsky, J. Dorfan, C.E. Friedberg, G. Gold- T. Trippe, V. Vuillemin, D. Yount. Abstract sub Tiaber, G. Hanson, F.B. Heile, J.A. Jaros, J.A. mitted to American Physical Society Meeting, -Wash Kadyk, R.R. Lars'en, AX Litke, D. Luke, B.A. Lulu, ington, D.C.,. April 25-28, 1977. V. Liith, R. J. Madaras, C.C. Morehouse, H.K. Ngu yen; J.M. Paterson, I. Peruzzi, M. Piccolo, F.M. Study of Chasmed Mesons at SPEAR. Pierre, TiP. Pun, P. Rapidis, B. Richter, B. Sad- Gerson Goldhaber, Invited Talk at Summer Institute oulet, R.F. Schwitters, W. Tanenbaum, G.H. Tril on Particle Physics, SLAC, Stanford, CA, August2- ling, F. Vannucci, J.S. Whitaker, J.E. Wiss, 13, 1976, LBL-5534. Physics Letters 63B, 466 (1976). Study of Intermediate States Produced by Radiative Decays of *'. Radiative Decays of Psi(3684). George H. Trilling; Invited Talk at Summer Insti John Scott Whi'tater (Ph.D. Thesis), LBL-5518. tute on Particle Physics, SIAC, Stanford, CA, August 2-13, 1976 ,'LBL-5535. Radiative Decays of i|i(3095) and iK3684). J.S. Whitaker et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 1596 — Study of Proton Diffraction in u p Collisions at 14 ' . (1976). ' GeV/c. ' - - • • • V. Chaloupka. .Submitted to the Topical Conference Reaction pp + un at Momenta from 20 to 200 GeV/c. on Baryon Resonances, Oxford; England (1976). • 0. Dahl, R. Johnson, ft. Kenney, M. 'Pripstein, LBL; A. Barnes, J. Mellema, A. Tollestrup,",,R. Test'of a Lead-Liquid Argon Electromagnetic Shower Walker, Caltech. LBL-5547, CALT 68-569. Detector. , D. Hitlin, J.F. Martin, C.C. Morehouse,'G.S. " Reaction it p . + nn at High Energies. Abrams, D. Briggs, W. Carithers, S. Cooper, R. • f 0; Dahl, R. Johnson, R. Kenney,-fM: Pripstein, DeVoe, C. Friedberg, D. Marsh, S. Shannon, ;E. s LBL; A..Barnes, J. Mellema, A. Tollestrifl), R. Velia, J.S. Whitaker, Nucl.'-Instru. and Methods Walker,*Caltech. Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, No.2, 12 137, 225 (1976)*. • • . • July 1976, LBL-4831.? Vector Meson Production by Baryon Exchange in 4 GeV/c -'- '-o •••'•'•' • -'•""' r Reaction IT p •<• pir it In the-Baryon Exchange; Domain,' n p Interactions. J. Chapman, et al. Submitted to the Washington J. Chapman, etal./_submitted to the XVIII Inter Meeting of the American Physical Society, April national Conference on H* ^e?gy Physics, . 1976. ".'_. ,' Tbilisi, USSR, 3uly 197' "> 1 ' : • •• ' '!.\ / -•.'••' Recent Results on the" New Particle States Below 3.7 Vector Meson Production-by B» . ./Exchange at 4 GeVjfc. . GeV Produced in e+e" Annihilation. -. G. Gidal, et al., submitted"to the Washington' G. Goldhaber, Invited Talk presented at the filter- Meeting of the American Physical Society, April national Conference on Production of Particles 1976. -• t~~ Via Barrelet Zeros of a Classical Partial-Wave Anal fY78. Annual publication of an updated version of ysis. ' the compilation of experiments will continue and D.'M. Chew, et al., submitted to XVIII Inter : national Conference on High Energy Physics, similar reissues of the catalog of published arti Tbilisi, USSR, July 197t>. cles are planned. • • •Voltage Induced in a Superconducting Solenoid. P. H. Eberhard andV. Vuillemin, Physics Note 8Z9, December 1976. HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS DATA compilations assem bled by outside collaborators -Cat the California ,1JEPARnCl£3ATA GROUP Institute of Technology, Durham University, Glasgow University, McGill University, and Rutherford iab^,. - The Particle Data Center is involved m the oratory} are being incorporated into our data base six major activities described below. for experimental reaction data;*" A flexible language for encoding all such data has been completed and is • Compilation of particle properties, and being used by our collaborators. Work on special the issuance of "Review of Particle Properties," processors to standardize the data and make it easily with its associated data booklet. accessible is proceeding. • Compilation of descriptive and bibliograph ic information on current high energy physics exper DATA-BASE MUWGEMENT SYSTEM, the first gen- „ iments and on preprints and published articles; and eration of the Berkeley Data Base Management System issuance of, indexed guides to current experiments became operative in 1976 and was used to produce . and the'current literature. , LBL-91. • Maintenance of a data base of compiled high STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES APPLICABLE TO # SCAT energy physics data. Periodic issuance of reports TERING. Techniques for amalgamation of up scatter and tapes covering these data. ing data have been developed and-applied to exist • Development of a computerized data base ing data for the energy range of 800 to 2000 MeV/c. management system td store, maintain, update, re trieve, and display the compiled information re INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPATION IN OUTSIDE RESEARCH. ferred to above. Several members of the group are active in research ,. • Development of statistical techniques of projects, both with LBL and with outside collabora data analysis with application to up scattering tors. These projects include (1) the lead-glass wall data. experiment at SPEAR to study neutral particle produc tion and anomalous electron production in e e" an • Support of individual participation in out nihilation, (2) the CMJ-LBL partial wave analysis- side research projects, to the extent necessary to collaboration which published, result* on A reson '," maintain the expertise of group members in their te- ance parameters, a Z search, and preliminary re • spective fields. sults of a TTN partial wave analysis in the 1-2 '• , Accomplishments in each of six activity areas GeV/c region m 1976; (3) deuterium bubble chamber are outlined in .the •following paragraphs. experiment to study absorption effects and struc r . "u - ? ture in nN systems produced inrn + irirpat IS .' j PARTICLE PROPERTIES. The "Review of Particle GeV^c; and 00 pion and ahti-neutrinoibeam bubble . ' Properties" was published. ~ "- chamber experiments at StAC andiFNAL. '. Staff: -,/, -HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS,-< M indexed'compilation (R. Crawford, C. Home, S. Kelly, A. Rittenberg, '-of detailed descriptions of all current high*"energy A. Rosenfeld, T. rrippe, C. Wohl, and G, Yost} physics experiments at'major laboratories throughout . the world 'was published. Progress was made in as- 1976 PUBLICAIIONS: PARTICLE.DATA GROUP semblmg the data base for a. similar document for Amalgamation of Tip Scattering Data. . r published articles; publication is scheduled for ' D. H. Hodgkmson et al., in.Proceedings of the Topical Conference en Baryon Resonances, eds. from some elements were unexpectedly inhibited when R. J. Ross and D. H. Saxon, Oxford, 1976. their hydrides were used as targets. Attachment bf Compilation of Current High Energy Physics Exper a neutron to the proton caused a slight diminution . iments. of the x-ray intensities, possible because the deu- R. L. Kelly et al., LBL-91, 1976. trons, being heavier, lingered inside the atomslong- I = 3/2 TIN Resonances in the 1900 MeV Region. R. E. Cutkosky et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 32. 6*5 er than the protons. • . (1976)r - Staff: Longitudinal Phase Space Analysis of• I T +n- » ir+ I T- p at 15.GeV/c. . . (C. Wiegand) ' -O J. Richey et al., to be published in J%ys. Rev.' Graduate Student: D, 1977. •' Partial Wave Analysis of K p Elastic Scattering. (G.Lum) R. E. Cutkosky et al., Nucl. Phys. B102, 139 (1976). ItsoN AND LIGHT NUCUEI STUDIES Pion Nucleoli Partial Wave Analysis from 0.8 to 2.0 GeV/c. ..-'• Mesons and light nuclei have been used to R. E. Cutkosky.et al., in Proceedings of the study the properties of the fundamental interactions Topical Conference on Baryon Resonances, efli". R. J. Ross and D. H. Saxon,-Oxford, 1976. . and to investigate the details of nuclear structure. The program has shifted from the 184-in cyclotron to TTN. Partial Wave Analysis in the First and Second Resonance Regions. the Bevatron, with f. ture experiments scheduled at^ R. L. Kelly, in Meson-Nuclear Physics-1976, LAMPF and TRIUMF. eds. P.D. Barnes et al., AIP, Neil York, 1976. •Recent studies have included: a test, of time- Review of Particle Properties, Particle Data Group, reversal invariance in the reaction pd-*-Tfe y; a mea Rev. Mod.Phys. 48, No.2, Part II (1976). surement of the axial vector form factor in radiative pion decay; use of the union to probe the fission bar- • IB)IUM,BtRGY PHYSICS s rier in 238u'; and extensive studies of elastic scat The reaction of negative kaons and pions with tering in the p-Tfe, p-d, and /He-Tte systems. The molecules, atoms, and nuclei is being investigated elastic scattering experiments are .being extended to / over a wide range of. chemical compounds and ele the p-Tfe and d-d systems, and a further expansion, ments. Jfeasurements of the energies and intensi of the nuclear wave function studies will include ties of the emitted x-rays are used to determine measurements, rfelasti c polarization in d-p, properties of the kaon-nucleus interaction. A sort and scattering. . of "mesic chemistry" is evolving that may have applications to solid state and atomic physics. PION RADIATIVE DECAY• The branching ratio of , PlONIC X-RAYS the decay ir -*evy has been measured to be (5.6±0.7) xlO , and the'ratio of-axial vector to, vector form *Pipnic x-rays from a target of liquid argon ; factors was determined to be (0.44±-0.12) or were found to be emitted isotropically. I£ the (-2.36±0.i2). .The results, are in disagreement with pions had been captured into atonic states when the results of the naive quark model, which require their kinetic energies W3re high enough to. impart; the ratio to be zero. definite .angular momentum to the pionic atoms;, x-r, rays could h\ave been emitted.in a preferred direc- . • TIME REVERSAL INVARIANCE. A test was made of tion with respect ;to the incoming beam. If'an ISOT tune reversal invariance in the reaction tropy had been observed, it would have led to im pd + riey. Results obtained from comparisons of portant conclusions; concerning the little-understood the angular distributions and the absolute cross formation bime'sonic: atoms. " ' '•>..''" section (not available m earlier tests^ were ion- ' . Piqnic x-ray intensities of two hydrides were sistent with validity of T invariance. The sensi compared to their corresponding deutrides. It had tivity of the parameter-free comparison was about previously been observed'that kaonic x-ray emissions 5 percent in cross section IsOBARJSuPPRESStON IN Pd + Tfe n°. the Staff, in collaboration with, UCLA: differentia:f~cross section for pd -• Tie ir° has (J. Carroll, S. Kaplan, D. Ortendahl, V. Perez- been studied at energies spanning the A(1238} Mendez, A; ;Saglei.and Ri.Talaga) ' resonance. In contrast to the similar reaction Graduate Students: : "•'•'' pp -i- dir , no pronounced effects of the resonance are visible in the cross section. •*'. (B. Director, K. C. Tarn, E. Whipple, and F. . j&rbaksh) •• \. ". ".' . FISSION STUDIED WITH U MESONS, An expen- ; liw.ENERGY PlONS AND MUONS ' mental program to study interact is of muons vath Other studies using low energy pions and fissile actmide nuclides has begun. Of parti u- muons are also concerned with their intrinsic lar interest is the double-humped fission barrier, properties, and with their use as probes for its role in the umon capture process, and tne pos- nuclei and condensed materials. ' sibility of measuring the parameters of the shape- isomer potential. The capture of u m U . RADIATIVE PION CAPTURE. The study, of radir was used to search for back decay gamma rajs fiom ' ative pion capture, that is, the measurement of the shape isomer. Results were consistent with . the high energy gamma ray spectrum, produced when significant excitation of the isomer during the pions are captured in nuclei, has been approached., union cascade. •, from several different point's of view. . ..First,, the understanding of basic quantita NUCLEAR STRUCTURE STUDIES, rorward elastic tive structure of the' photd-pion transition opera cross sections in the p-^He system have been tor has been;accurately fixed by a comparison of measured at (equivalent) proton kinetic energies theory with measurements; on a series of light of 0.4, 1.05, 2.68, and 4.89 GeV. The measure -. nuclei. Second, the results have been compared ments cover the region of the first interference with those from electron scattering and photo-pion minimum and, at the highest energy, also extend production hear threshold and muon capture processes well beyond the second minimum. Analysis of on the same nuclei. Only recently have these com most of the data has been completed. Our results parisons led to a consistent set of constants. show: Third, a new set of reactions has been chosen to use this as a probe to study the excited states 1. A rapid change with energy below 1.0 GeV of nuclei. The new phenomena which have been seen 2. A shallow minimum at 1.05 GeV, in agree are giant dipole states, possible quadrupole exci ment with the recent results from Saclay, tations, and other more complex states. Fourth, but also provide a good absolute normali since radiative pion capture has been shown to zation and an accurate measurement of induce the same Gamow-Teller transitions as the • the locations of the minimum axial-vector part of ordinary muon capture, it is 3. Very little change the cross section m expected that the matrix elements for'the transi "between VJIS'and'2.68 GeV ' ', r tions to bound states (e.g., IT Li •+ %eT, 4. ,A. rapid decrease in the cross section n'He + Ty, TT"1ZC •* By) can be combined with from 2.6.8 GeV to 4.89 GeV information from other weak and electromagnetic f The data should y-ield considerable lnforma- processes dealing with the same state to test pre tion about the nelium wave function and about the dictions from CVC, PCAC, etc.; for example,' the behavior of the nuclem-nucleon amplitudes in this Goldberger-Treiman relation for the'nuciear case. 'energy range. The 1.05 GeV,results have been submitted to Physical.Review* letters, and the 2.68 ' GAttiA RAY SPECTRA. "^e systematic study of r «•* -rf - . •- * ' • >. gamma ray spectra from the capture of. negative - CGaV-results to'Physics Letters. A description of ' pions in nuclei has been an ongoing program.' The the experiments and a compilation of all the.,„ current studies are of the light nuclei hi and results will be prepared for publication xn Physical'Review. 23 Staff: Observed Isotropy in Pionic Argon X-ray Angular Dis tribution. • • (K; M. Crowe, J. Miller, S. Rosehblum, and P.Rowe) G.K. Lum, C.E. Wiegand,.and G.L. Godfrey, Phys'.-'/:. Letts. 65B, 43 (1976). " • P + 4He Elastic Scattering at-2.68 GeV. M.-Nasser, M. 'Gazzaly, J. Geaga, B. Hoistad, G. 1976 PUBLICATIONS: MEDIUM ENERGY'PKYSICS. Igo, J. McClelland, A. Sagle, H.. Spinka, J. • Carroll, V. Perez-Mendez, Ej.Whipple. LBL-6125.V The Application of High Energy Physics Techniques To be published Phys. Letters. in Medical Research. V. Perez-Mendez. ' LBL-3851 - IEEE Trans. Nuc. P-4He Elastic Scattering at 1.05 GeV. Sci. NS-23 (August 1976) 1334-1343. J. Geaga, M. Gazzalyi G. Igo, J. McClelland, M:-r Nasser, A. Sagle, H. Spinka, J.. Carroll, V. Axial Tomography and Three-Dimensional Image Recon Perez-Mendez, and E. Whipple. LBL.6127. To be struction. published in Phys. Rev. Letters. • L.T. Chang, B. Macdonald, and V. Perez-Mendez. LBL-3872. IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. NS-23 (Feb. 1976) P + He Scattering at Tp (Lab) = 0.4, 1.05, 2.68, 568-572. and 4.89 GeV. - M. Gazzaly,, J. Geaga, B. Hoistad, G. Igo, J. Comparisons of Coded* Aperture Imaging Using Various McClelland, M. Nasser, P. QillatagueTTej: A. Sagle, Apertures and Decoding Methods. H. Spinka, M. Strang, J. Carroll, V. Perez-Mendez, L.T. Chang, B.: Macdonald, and V. Perez-Mendez. and E. Whipple. LBL-6126. To be published in Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California. Phys. Rev. LBL-5342 (1976) - Proceedings of Applications of 3 ' Optics in Medicine and Biology, San Diego, Calif Radiative Formation of He and a New. Test of Time ornia, August 1976 - SPIE Vol. 89. Reversal Invariance in the Electromagnetic Inter action. Determination of the Axial-Vector Form Factor in. the C.A. Heusch, R.V. Kline, K.T. Macdonald, J.Carroll, Radiative Decay of the Pion. . D.'Fredrickson, M. Goitein, B. Macdonald; V. Perez- A; Stetz, J. Carroll, D. Ortendahl, V. Perez- Mendez, and J/ Stetz. LBL-4688 (November 1975)'. • Mendez, G. Igo, and M. Nasser. LBL-5393 (Ph.D. . Phys. Rev. Letters 37. (August'1976) 409-412). Thesis; D. Ortendahl). To be published in Phys. Rev. A Scintillator Counter Hodoscope for Low Energy Light Ions. The Elastic Scattering of a Particles from Helium at J. Geaga, G. Igo, J. McClelland, M. Nasser, S. 0.85 and 0.65 GeV. Sander, H. Spinka, J. Carroll, D: Fredrickson, J.C. Fpng, M. Gazzaly, G. Igo, A. Lieberman, R, V. Perez-Mendez, and, E./Whipple. LBL-6124-. to be Ridge, S. Verbeck, Qi. Whitten.V. Perez-Mendez, published in Phys.'Letters. and W.R. Cocker. Nuclear Physics A262 (May 1976) 365-371. ~ Shape Isomer Excitation by u Atomic Capture. . S.N. Kaplan, J.A. Monard, and S. Nagamiya. Experiments on Hadronic Atom X-ray Intensities of LBL-.5334, Physics Letters 64B (1976) 217-220. Hydrides and Deuterides. C.E. Wiegand, G.K. Urn, and G.L. Godfrey, LBL- A Study of the Reaction pd + ^He ir° in the Resonance '" 5389 (scheduled for Phys. Rev. A, April 1977). Region. "n • • • D. Fredrickson, A.W.. Stetz, J. Carroll, V. Perez- High Efficiency Gamma'Converters and Their Applica Mendez, R. Kline, and 'C.A. Heusch. LBL-4877. To tion in a MWPC Positron Camera. be published in Nuc. Phys. D. Chu, K. Tarn, V. Perez-Mendez, S. Kaplan, C. Lim, R. Hattner, L. Kaufman, D. Price, and S. Techniques for Particle Identification and Energy Swann. LBL-5516. To be published in Proc. IAEA Measurement of Helium Ions in the Intermediate Symposium on Medical Radio' Nuclide Enaging (Los . Fjiergy'Range. • Angeles-. Oct.. 1976). N. Chirapatpimol, J.C. Pong, M. Gazzaly, G. Igo,' A. Liebernfan, Ri Ridge, S. Verbeck, C. Whitten, Negative Muon,' Capture in Ionic Compounds and Some . J. Arvieux, and V. Perez-Mendez. LBL-4691. Related Elements. Nucl. Inst, and Methods 133 .(March 1976) 475-483. I/.F. Mausner, R.A. Naumani" "J.A. Monard, andS.'N. •• •Kaplan^ LBL-5544 - To be published in Phys. Rev. Three-Dimensional Imaging wj.th Large-area Positron A (March 1977). . 'Cameras. :'; - V; Perez-Meridez, L.T. Chang, and 3. Macdonald. - New Developments in Nuclear Medicine Imaging.1 '•-, Lawrence- Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, Califor , V. Perez-Mendez. LBL?6114 - Published in. Pro- ;' nia. LBL-5501 (1976). Proceedings-First Asia ceedings,-- :First Asia, and Oceania-Congress of .'/• and Oceania Congress of Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, Nuclear Medicine, Sydney, Australia, September Australia, SeptemberJ1976. ,'1?76. '. • .- . ASTTfflrWSICS AND ASTRONOMY - Observation of Dynamic E2 Mixing Via Kaonic X-ray- Intensities. - • t.' :.< G.L. Godfrey, G'.K. Lum, and C;E. Wiegand. Phys. The properties of compact astronomical ob Letters 61B, 45 (1976). * -.- - jects (white dwarfs, neutr,on stars, black holes) 24 are borng investigated, This work has been pursued ' to accommodate the experiment. The radiometers by studying the short tune scale behavior of were .installed in a 0-2 mpdc-up and tested. After these kinds of objects, both photometrically and )••*'- ..-;=; ->•• - •-•>.••.•.'-'.' ^ --t •(.' i'. ••_••-i. ..- spectrophotometrically. Fast photometry is well this' initial checkout the instrument, was then in , suited to the study of pulsations or flickering stalled in the inodified U-2 upper- hatch and the , equipment was tested in- three • flights. this year from these kinds of objects and is being used to - the first data were gathered^ 'A series of data explore their characteristics. More recently we collection^fUghts spread out over a year has now have been using high speed spectrophotometry to begun. A satellite-borne version of this experi further elucidate the nature of the objects under ment is under study-. .•••_'.-• study. These experimental techniques require ex Work on astronomy is concerned with a project tensive computer analysis, various programs to aimed at reducing greatly the atmospheric distor search for and study weak periodic signals are tion iri ground-based, optical astronomical-tele-. undergoing development and refinement to suit scopes.' Ah optical element, called a "rubber mir the objects under study. One interesting i LBL scientists Richard Muller and Marc Gorenstein placing radiometer aboard U-2 aircraft at Moffett Field, California. 26 A Spectrophotooetric Survey of the A0535+26 Field. be published in mid FY 77. Indeed, the first ' Bruce Margin, Jerry Nelson, Gary Chanan, John Thorstensen, and Stuart Bowyer. To be published units procured did not. perform to specifications in Astrophysical Journal 1977. (probably because other users were not pushing to this limit). Later units, however, show good promise. Studies of Optical Pulsations from HZ Her-Her X-l: A Determination of the Mass of the Neutron Star. J. Middleditch and J. Nelson, LBL-4282. Astro- physical Journal, Sept.. 1976." EXTERNAL MUON IDENTIFIER DIGITIZER *• r * ' Time Resolve Spectrophotometry of D Q Hercules. In collaboration with Fenmlab, we designed Jerry Nelson, Gar/ Cianan, and Bruce Margon,. a tune digitizer module for use with delay line LBL-5556, to be published in the Astrophysical Journal, 1977. " * ' read-out of sailtiwire proportional chambers used as External Muon Identifiers. This digitizer used the latest of high speed emitter-coupled- ., INSTRUOJ1ATI0N L^ELOFHENT v logic memories in order to digitize directly at .»•*• the" 28 mz rate called for "by the resolution re- . LARGE-SCALE DIGITIZER SYSTEM - - quirements of the experiment. Nine inputs allow for t>me measurements from each end of x, y,-. .' The Large-Scale Digitizer (IDS) System, an u, .and V coordinate delay lines, and oE the economical modular system for the simultaneous r reference timing .pulse. Digitization over the digitization of analog data from' hundreds of events " r , complete beam "spill interval of the Fermi lab channels has been a continuing activity since 'taccelerator is accommodated via a tenth identifi l able channel, which records each "wrap around" FY76 when the first 3Z0-channel charge-digitizing of the 12-bit time-scaling binary counter. A pro ~ system was successfully used in the' lead-glass totype instrument has been assembled, and is being wall experiment at SLAC. During'Flf 77, we will extensively tested.' •. install an additional 576 channels of charge digi tizer. Also, the tune converter development was 'completed,.and-384 channels were fabricated and «rtoroMJLTiPLiER TUBE EVALUATIONS installed for use in experiments and in drift Phototube evaluations, including MicroChan chamber studies at LBL. The circuitry for com nel photo versions for ultra-precision timing,are bining groups of 16 wires into four TDC converters' a continuing activity carried on within this pro-,: • ; has been designed and a prototype printed-circuit gram. Similarly, research and development of a •* board has been fabricated for final checkout. solid state detector are supported by the program. , CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES •large coupled device (CCD) analog shift ftrvsics TECHNICAL SUPPORT OPERATION .registers show great promise for use as buffer About one-half of the total physics instru I- ' storage devices for signals from drift chambers. mentation effort is involved in day-to-day support Purportedly, they can retain both analog of pool-type instruments and systems presently information and tune correlation of signals ac valued in excess of »Z.5 million.; These activi quired at high clocking speeds, whi^ later read ties include operation of, the counter equipment ying out at slower clock speeds, or while pausing - pool, test and alignment of pool instruments, on ' for other decision logic to determine the valid- x I* line, support of pool items, commercial equipment ity of a;potentially interesting event. • evaluation, phototube and base.handling, cable Since these devices are new and thus unproved shop activities, and training. in applications such,as these, ifis necessary to evaluate them. He have studied two seemingly useful devices from Fcirchild, the CCD 211 and the CID CONTROLLER CCD 321. The characterization measurements on A clocking and readout controller module, has 'these'devices are Hearing completion and will been developed for use with the charge injection 27 device (CID) video camera which is to be evaluated J. Millaud, M. Nakamura, S. Olson, D. Ortendahl, for use in direct viewing of streamer chamber V. Perez-Mendez, R. Ross, and L. Wagner} tracks. The module receives analog video data, from the camera, converts the video data to digi 1976 PUBLICATIONS! INSTRUMENTATION DEVELOPMENT tal form, selects only "valid" data (i.e., data Characterization of Charge-Coupled Analog Memories over a computer-adjustable digital threshold), for Nuclear Data Acquisition. buffer-stores the selected data in an FIFO (first- F. A. Kirsten and E. Yazgan. To be published in 1977. in fir3t-out) memory, and provides interrupt and handshake protocol for data transfer within the Evaluation of Factor Contributing to Position Ac curacy in Delay Line Readout of MWPC. CAMAC standard digital data busing system.. By V. Perez-Mendez, M.. Greenstein, and D. Ortendahl. means of the preselection capability of this ter LBL-4800, IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. NS-24 (Feb. 1977). • vice, the number of data words per event is re Large-Scale Digitizer System, Analog Converters. duced from every pixel location in the 128 X 128 R. F. Althaus, et al., LBL-5357 and Proceedings camera matrix to nominally 2k words for a five of IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, February 1977, Vol. NS-24, No. 1, pp. 218-220. track event. A Large-Scale Digitizer System (LSD) for Charge and Tine Digitization in High-Energy Physics Experiments. „• DRIFT CHAMBER DEVELOPMENT R. F. Althaus, et.al., LBL-5358 and Proceedings of IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, February 1977, ' A set of »two high-accuracy cylindrical Vol. NS-24, No. ,1, pp. 408-412. drift chambers, one 88 cm in diameter and the other 82 cm in diameter, both 150 cm in length, were de Performance Studies of Prototype Micro-Channel Plate Photomultiplier. •' signed and built. The chambers operate at vol C. C. Lo, et al., LBL-5520 and Proceedings of tages such that the drift velocity of electrons IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, February 1977, Vol. NS-24, No. 1, pp. 302-311. is saturated, as was shown by tests using small chambers. The chambers are currently being used .Preliminary Evaluation of the HR400 Prototype Micro- channel Plate Photomultiplier. • to gather cosniic ray data in order to determine C. C. Lo, et al., EE-WE1454, July 1976. the spatial resolution of these chambers. We expect final results early in FY 77. Selection of the Proper CCD Device and Conditions of Operation.' . J. Millaud, EET-1461, to be published March 1977. Staff: . , Summary of CAMAC: Status and Outlook, U.S. NIM (M. Alston-Gamjost, R. Althaus, R. Kenney, F. Committee CAMAC Tutorial Articles. Rirsten, P. LeComte, K. Lee, B. teskovar, C. Lo, L.J. Wagner, October 1976, TID-26618, pp. 91-98. : - «^t- 1 T 3 ^ 'Va', \' ^j -** 3- -J ^v^" > **4i 2. THEORETICAL PHYSICS Particle theory and accelerator theory and Quinn,' Helen, Harvard University -.- design are the principal research areas of the Parita,.William R.,"Retired, Brooklyn College, N. Y. Theoretical Physics Group. Other areas of impor Rosenweig,- Carl,"University of Pittsburgh tance are nuclear science and atomic physics. - Schmid, Christbph, ETH-Zurich ' An important adjunct of. this research is Senjanovic, Pavao I., University of California, the training of graduate students working for the Berkeley ' doctorate in theoretical physics. These students Tomqvist, Nils, University of Helsinki, Finland make important contributions in the course of Tuan, San Fu, University of Hawaii. fulfilling,the requirements for the degree. • Vasavada, Kashyap V,, University of Indiana, ', Purdue University For the past 26 years the Theoretical Group Wada, Walter ¥.,' Ohio State University ' has maintained a stimulating summer program. The Webber, Bryan, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Berkeley research program and theJ'unusual features Cambridge ' • • ' .• of tie Bay Area have made it relatively easy for Wichmann, Eyvind, University of California . us to attract outstanding scientists. Both the . theoretical and.experimental programs at the labor atory benefit from these visitors who often inter act as much with the experimenters as with the PARTICtE TrEIRY theorists. • ' The influence of the LBL Theoretical' Physics Research in particle thjory encompasses-, ' Group in particle theory is made evident by the out- the strong, electromagnetic, and weak interactions i . standing scientists who participated in the summer Although many different approaches are used, rang and academic year programs. The ^participants are ' ing from field theory to'the phehomenological an- ; alysis of data, the LBL. Theoretical Physics Group r provided with office space and use of computer facil ities. 'Jhose.who participated in 1976 were: is especially noted for and concerned with the scattering matrix (S-matrix) approach to the , Capra, Fritjof. • t ; - > theory of strong interactions.. This method, which Chen, ChiK. Bran, Argone National Laboratory' is based on very general physical requirements' ; Clark, Thomas,' University of California, Berkeley such as causal behavior, unitarity and relativistic Coleman, Sidney, Harvard University invariance, deals more directly;with measurable Dash, Jan. W.. University of Oregon/CNRS, quantities than the older, field-theoretic approach." Marseille, France Over the.years the LBL.Theoretical Physics Group Farrar, Glennys, California Institute of. Technology has made decisive contributions to the development -,-.•.. Firikelstein, Jerome, Columbia University ,:.-.. of the S-matrix approach.. . ,. ' • Frishman, Yitzhak, California Institute of Technology-Weizmann Institute " Harper, Charlie, California State university, TOPOLOGICAL BffANSioN.OF. THE S-Wvmi.x. A Hayward - " ';.'.'"'•'••"-".-'•': •'.'"' '•'',. TThe physical content of the S-matrix topo Jakob, Hans Peter, Max Kade Foundation;FelloW- v >"•.'•'•-• • logical, expansion was studied further. It was Klinkl Km. H., University of Iowa :v ••'•'"':''""': '.'•• shows, that observed hadrdnic total cross sections Kawai, Takahiro, Miller Fellow/Mathematics TJept., 1 University of California, Berkeley ..; at moderate energy are compatible with pomeron-f Koplik, Joel, Columbia University -\ identity. : Extension of the topological approach Meullerj^Alfred, Columbia University to unnatural-parity exchange led to the prediction Nicolescu, Basarab, University of Paris/NATO of a high-lying H trajectory with properties 31 32 similar to those of the pomeron. Certain conver A major problem in dual theory has been the gence factors in the topological expansion were inclusion of baryons into the topological expansion • identified as manifesting the low statistical scheme of Veneziano. Veneziano's formulation weight "of those configurations that can flow along applies only to systems of mesons. It has been' handles; these convergence factors were shown to * shown that the scheme may be naturally generalized depend on the dynamical region being studied. • It to include baryons. (H. P. Stapp) was demonstrated that higher terms, in the topo- A slightly different approach to the above 'logical expansion systematically tend to restore problem of constructing a dual Regge theory of • G parity as a good^quantum number .for the discon- baryons and mesons has also been developed. (F.. -trnuities of the S-matrix, this symmetry not being J. Capra) ,. obeyed at the planar level; a practical method •' • ' ,-. f ~ thereby emerged for calculating exchange-degeneracy FOUNDATIONS OF S-MATRIX THEORY < breaking of nonsmglet trajectories. In a more ' speculative -vein, an attempt was made to predict l new approach to the analysis of the singu properties of baryonium states through an interpre larity structure of the S-matrac has developed out tation or planarity for baryons based on the di- of the work of the Japanese mathematicians work j. quark notion. (G. F. Chew)_ mg with Professor Sato of Kyoto. They have intro The topological structure of duality dia duced the concept of the singularity spectrum of grams was investigated in the framework of the a function that is represented as a sum of boundary - S-matrix topological expansion with the aim of values of analytic functions. It has been proved *• defining' the amplitudes appearing in the expansion (by the mathematician Boner) that the equivalence in pure S-matrix language without reference to between the macrocausality postulate and the normal underlying field-thedretical models. A fi^-st step analytic structure proved in 1969 by Iagolnitzer in this direction was to determine how the duality and Stapp implies that the singularity spectrum of * diagrams representing the amplitudes have to be the S-matrix is confined t surface determined cut according to the Cutkosky rules to generate Dy the Landau equations. . .J.S surface lies in a ,• che discontinuities through which the amplitudes space of higher dimension * ian the Landau sur can be defined (see LBL-S338). In order to write face, and fixes both the positions of the singu- . . down the precise jjutarity equations, the boundary lanties in p space and also the directions from structures^of the-diagrams will have to be mcor- which the boundary value is to be approached (i.e., . porated into this approach. Work along these lines the IE prescription). Mathematical considera is in progress. (F. J. Capra) tions have led Sato to conjecture that the S- .- An explanation has been given of why the matrix should be the solution of a holonomic system of micfodifferential equations whose characteris cylinder correction to the le?ding unnatural tic variety is the above-described surface. This parity plana'r Regge trajectories ir - B, n - H conjecture, if true, would impose very severe' has opposite sign'relative to the cylinder correc- local and global constraints on the singularities f s' tion to the natural-parity planar reggeons p --f, of the 3-matrix. It has been shown that the gen u - A-. The°'axgument is based on a model proposed r eral S-matrrx discontinuity formula derived earlier -_ j by Chew and. Rosenzweig according to wivch the main by Stapp and Coster ensures that Sato's, conjecture contribution to the unnatural-parity cylinder in is satisfied locally at points corresponding to a -. >- the vicinityr about t = 0 is given'by an unsym- large number of special cases. This work involves. • 'f , vmetrical ir - p twisted loop. The sign of this exhibiting the nature of the singularity of the S- - V unsynmetrical^twisted Joop turns out to be opposite " matrix at points where several Landau surfaces inter j V to thatof/the.symmstricalv p - p twisted loop sect. The proofs require an analyticity assumption i for fhe-natural parity_sector because the leading ; that goes slightly, beyond what can be derived from ," Ky unnatural-parity, J/ole in the ir-link has "J = 0 ij * while the leading natural-pari'-y pole in the „ r \ p-liik has „ J'^ r. (Jaime.Mill.an) ^" , momentun space _ / - . i macrocausality. This assumption, called local max one of which can actually be performed. This simul imal ahalyticity, is that' the singularities in a taneous consideration of alternative possible exper complex neighborhood of a physical point are con iments might appear contrary to the precepts of fined to the local complexifications of the positive- quantum theory. However, Sfapp has argued that the a Landau surfaces that pass through that point. theoretical'framework used in Ms formulation of (H. P. Stapp .with T. Kawai of Kyoto University) Bell's theorem is in accordance with the philosoph ' • * ical precepts of quantum theory as promulgated by Proofs of the S-matrix discontinuity formulas Bohr. The logical alternatives to the existence of . rely on a basic theorem, called the structure theo superluminal connections are described. (H.P. Stapp) rem, that specifies the singularity spectrum of products of connected parts of the S-matrix. How ever, this theorem fails to give information at cer PHYSICS OF THE NEW PARTICLES ' . tain exceptional points called u = 0 points. A con- In the phenomenology of the new particles an ' jecture about the singularity spectrum of these prod analysis was made of how tb decide, by the study of ucts at u = 0 points has been formulated. This con possible angular correlations in the sequential de- jecture is based on detailed studies of (1) the char cays of D and D mesons, whether the lighter, state acteristic variety of the holonomic system of micro- could be the vector particle. The'experimenters differential equations that Feynman integrals sat have performed the analysis and conclude that the isfy; (2) the singularity spectrum of the phase conventional assignment of spins (lighter state J=0, space integrals that arise in S-matrix theory; and heavier state J=l) is favored by the data. 13. D. (3) the semiclassical model that is the basis of the Jackson) ,.'•"••'"' macrocasuality postulate. All these considerations An application of two sum rules from atomic lead to the same generalization of the Landau equa physics was made to be the radiative transitions tions at u = 0 points. (H. P. Stapp with T; Kawai among the Psi(3684), to intermediate Xi states, and , and H.- Kashiwara of Kyoto .University) to the Psi(309S) in order to set upper and lower The failure of the usual structure theorem to estimates on some of the rates and so determine ap give information about u =0 points has been circum proximate values for the total widths of the Xi vented in proofs of the S-matriic discontinuity for states. (J. D. Jackson) P - mulas by introducing the assumption that positive-o, Production of charmed meson pairs of J = 0 and negative-o singularities in the various terms and 1 is examined near the threshold^ Production of equations derived from unitarity cancel among cross sections are parametrized by a quark model of themselves, rather than with the so-called mixed a a broken SU(8) symmetry. The charmed hadron produc singularities'. It has been shown that the simplest tion cross section is dominated by (0 ,1 ) pairs, of the Srmatrix discontinuity formulas, namely, the and D*D* production comes out to be much too small pole-factorization theorem below the four-particle to reproduce the higher peak in the recoil mass spec threshold in the equal-mass case, can be derived trum obtained from D D production by reflection. without using the mixed-o. cancellation assumption We point out a few experimental measurements that if one admits instead the. conjecture of Kashiwara- will clarify the origin' of the higher peak of the .Kawai-Stapp about ,u = 0 points,-and the local maximal recoil mass spectrum.' «,(R. Simard and M; Suzuki) . : analyticity postulate of KawairStapp.- ' : An argument has beenpresented to support the - •, (H. P.. Stapp with D. Xagolnitzer of Saciay) i : p +."-'". \ : ; conclusion.that the charmed meson of J =1 is .pror, '•• -,.:" Bell-'s theorem, as formulatedby Stapp^ appar-; "duced copiously at the'center-of-mass: energy 4.028 ' , ently requires the .existence of superluminal^connec GeV in electronrpositron annihilation. The energy :- tions.' On the other hand this formulation Tequires dependence of the recoil mass peak has been deteri" ••- the simultaneous theoretical consideration of the mined and methods to test the 1 production exper results of alternative possible experiments, .only imentally have, been found. (M. Suzuki) " On the basjs of current algebras and duality SPEAR has been calculated. Using longitudinally.-.. , a general rule was proposed to relate' large higher polarised e e" incident beams > it should be possible " symmetry breaking to meson,decay,rates. The rule to distinguish between a'V-A and a V+A;current for ' was applied to charmed meson decays. An upper the heavy lepton. (R. Simard and H.Suzuki)."' bound on the D° -*-D° +ir decay rate was also found The inclusive pion spectra in. e e~ anhihila- -. which is xised to set a lower bound on its Q value. tion have been analyzed- in; a partem fragmentation This lsmit is particularly useful in view of the model with ndnvanishing transverse momenta and with fact that the Q, value determined experimentally is heavy partons. The nonhealing phenomena in the very close to the upper bound. (M. Suzuki) small x region are explained quite.satisfactorily- The spectrum of the even charge conjugation in this model. (M. Susuki and'W. W. Wada) states between iji and ipr was investigated. A prob Parity mixing in the weak current of charged able quantum number assignment for these states was heavy leptons causes a conspicuous forward-backward 'deduced. This assignment is consistent with quark asymmetry in the cose distribution of inclusive had model expectations and seems to be supported by sub ron spectra near the high energy end when one of "the sequent experimental results. Tins assignment was initial electron-positron beams is longitudinally then used to assess the validity <. f nonrelativistic polarized. The asymmetry.is estimated for-vector potential models and of short distance arguments and axial vector currents ,at PEP/PETRA energies. It about quark-gluon dynamics. (Michael Chanowitz with is quite easy to distinguish experimentally between F. Gliman of SLAC) * V-A and V+A provided that the decay branching ratio With" a broader perspective than the above, the of L~ into L •* vL+ir.is not too far from the value _ success of theoretical models of the radiative tran; predicted by the universality (~10 percent). sftions of i|> and i|>' was evaluated. The uncertain CM. Suzuki) ties inherent in applying vector meson dominance to the new particles was also analyzed. The principal DUAL RESONANCE MODELS '" conclusion was that the angular momentum, L=l, even, The presence of a new type, of high energy be - charge conjugation triplet seems to behave very much havior ib demonstrated in the six-point function of as expected in quark model approaches, but that the the Veneziino model. This behavior reveals the ex candidates for n and n' display unexpected features. istence of a previously unknown family B of Regge This could be due to unexpectedly large spin-spin trajectories. The parent S trajectoty°is related forces or to more basic misconceptions in the conven to the leading ordinary trajectory aby B = -j a - -j. tional approach. This work was presented" as an in- Thus B gives the leading contribution when a < -1. , Sated talk at the 18th International Conference on It factorizes and has positive charge conjugation -High Energy Physics, Tbilisi, USSR. (M. Chanawitz) parity. Since it decouples from two particles, it therefore contributes only to amplitudes with at SPEAR-PEP EV PHYSICS least six external legs. (Paul HoyeVj N. Tomqvist, Assuming the existence of a weak neutral elec andJB. R. Webber) tron current- a possible right-left asymmetry of 111- The previous calculation has been generalized' "elusive hadron production with highly transversely to the eight-point Veneziano model. It. is shown polarized besms of electrons and positrons has been that in addition to the ordinary a and 8 trajec calculated. Measurement of this asymmetry would pro tories there is in higti energy limits a contribution vide unambiguous evidence for parity violation in from a third trajectory 'Y = i..<* -• 1; Based on this e -e annihilation aid would confirm the existence it is conjectured that -there exists in the Veneziano of a weak neutral current'for electrons. (R. Sunard model an infinite set of "sister" trajectories ~ v. * t Ojj (k = 1, 2, 3, • • •), the first three members of. and M.n Suzuki) which are a, B, andy. The.kth-trajectory is given A-forward-backward asymmetry in the angular byou =^o-,y (k-1),'and is expected'tb couple distributioi.1 of inclusive hadron production result only to k + 1 or moie particles. (Paul Hbyer) ing from the weak dei-ay of the heavy lepton at The analytic structure of reggeon-reggeon am EQUIVALENT THEORIES, GAUGE MODELS AND STRINGS, plitudes are investigated using the Veneziano model. QUARK CONFH©ENT The existence of the B trajectory is shown to follow The equivalence of field theories has been from general factorization constraints. This indi ^investigated. Bosonic equivalent theories for the cates the' existence of B-like contributions also in Schwinger model 'and«'£or two-dimensional quantum more realistic amplitudes. The phenomenological chromodyriamics• (QCD) have, been constructed. It was consequences of this are explored. It is shown that shown that the latter theory does not seize;, that ordinary finite energy sum rules do not hold for is, there is a Goldstone boson in the spectrum. reggeon-reggeon amplitudes. However, such sum rules (Martin B. Halpern) do exist for certain discontinuities of the full New functional integral methods have been amplitude. This has a natural interpretation in developed which allow the restatement of certain terms of resonance production and cascade decay. gauge theories in two dimensions in terms of the The theoretical discussion is supplemented by numer Bars-Bardeen-Hanson-Peccei string. (Martin B. ical examples of the Veneziano amplitude. (Paul Halpern and Paul Senjanovic) ' Hoyer, N. A. Tdrnqvist, and B. R.' Webber) The difficulties of a canonical Hamiltonian. Finite energy sum rule constraints have been • formulation when surface terms, cannot be neglected used to show that the nNN coupling is weak and the have been studied. As an example of these problems • (reggeized) fNN, uiNN couplings conserve helicity. the Schwinger model with nonzero Coleman angle has This work completes a previous investigation of the been explicitly discussed. All difficultios may be RNN, RNA and R4A couplings, where R is an isovector removed by the introduction of dynamical surface reggeon. It- is also shown that the striking produc variables for the theory. Extensions to four dimen tion properties of the enhancement at low missing sions have also been proposed. (Martin B. Halpern) mass in the diffractive reaction pp ->-pX can be 't Hooft's two-dimensional SU(N) gauge theory quantitatively understood .using finite mass sum model for mesons has been.studied in two different rules. (Paul Hoyer with H. B. Thacker at Stony ' axial gauges. Using numerical techniques employed Brook) in aerodynamical wing theory, the bound state spec- • tra are compared in the P =0 and Aj = 0 gauges. .DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN QUARK MODELS Agreement is found in the weak coupling limit. This work is part of a program to identify ex Furthermore, Lorentz covariance of the weak-coupling perimental tests that distinguish between fractional A,=0 theory is numerically confirmed. Also inves and integral charge quark models below the color tigated is the massive-end string model, which is threshold, where in most instances the models give equivalent to 't Hooft's A =0 model when the x =T identical predictions. The basic observation is gauge is chosen. It is found that the numerical ' that certain "two-photon amplitudes can distinguish spectrum of the string model in the x =T gauge dif the two models below the color threshold. This was fers from the x = x gauge string spectrum as well as the basis of an .analysis of n and n' decays which from the A, = 0 gauge theory spectrum. A Bethe- seemed'to favor functional charges. In this work Salpeter equation approach to the spectrum of the an "effort is being made to show that inelastic gauge theory in tho A, = 0 gauge is developed for any Compton scattering, yd * yX, may be another such coupling. While the strong coupling-theory in this process. It is argued that the ratio of the fourth gauge presents severe difficulties, the weak-coup ; power to the square of the parton charges must equal ling limit is shown to be completely consistent. /' 1 in the integral charge model below or above the (Andrew J. Hanson with R. D. Peccei and M. K. color threshold while ltf'is between 1/9 and 4/9 for Prasad of SLAC) fractional charges. The ratio will be extracted '• There are three useful gauges in which experimentally from a comparison of yd •+ yX and 't Hooft's two-dimensional model for mesons may be ! eN -*• eX. (Michael Chanowitz) studied. (1) The Minkowski-space A =0 gauge,which 36 has consistent, solvable self-energy equation"! the whole problem can be reduced to phase transition in vanishing bare fermion mass, m = 0. (2) The Min- one-dimensional field thsory. In deriving this Te- lowski space A, = 0 gauge, which.has inconsistent sult, use is made of the string.formalism and Man-, Dyson self-energy equations for m = 0. The Dyson delstam's vertex coupling. (K. Bardakci) - equations become consistent, however, upon changing the coupling g->-ig. (3) The Euclidean space Ag = 0 gauge, which had not been previously examined,, and 1976 PUBLICATIONS: PARTICLE THEORY;; is the subject of this research. The constant- "Are Superluminal Connectors Necessary?". , radius Euclidean quantization methods of Fubini, H. P. Stapp. Submitted to Niiovo Cimento; Hanson and Jackiw have been employed to show that LBL-S5S9, November 1976...=, • 't Fooft's SIT(N) quark-gluon gauge theory is con Asymptotic-Planafity Prediction of a Pomeron-like sistent in two Euclidean spacetime dimensions for Unnatural-Parity Trajectory. . G. F. Chew and C. Rosenzweig. Fhys. Lett. B 63, m = 0. Using the axial gauge, Ae = 0, the 1/N expan 429 (1976); D. Ph.-T/76-70; October 1976. ' ~ sion and the analog of a principal value infrared Is the Axial Vector Charmed'Meson Found? cutoff, the Dyson self-dimension equation has been H.Suzuki. Fhys. Rev. Lett. 37_, 164 (1976). • solved exactly for a quark with zero bare mass. Thus Charge-Conjugation, Signature and Twists. the mconsistency'present in the title-like gauge Yoav Eylon. YE/77-1, January 1977. (Internal report) Mmkowski-space approach to the theory is avoided. Continuing to Euclidean space, in effect, replaces A Conjectured PlanaT Pattern for the Leading States of Baryoniunt. g 'by lg and makes the Dyson equations consistent. G. F. Chew. Phys. Istt. 63B, 429 (1976); (Andrew J. Hanson with M. K. Prasad of SLAC) LBL-5391, October 1976. It Has been shown how the boundary condition Consistency of SU(N) Gauge Theory in Two of the ^elativistic string model of strong interac Euclidean Dimensions. A. J. Hanson and M. K. Prasad, Submitted for tions may be changed in such a way as to lower the publication; LBL-6117, January 1977. intercept of the leading Regge trajectory. By using Correlation Experiments and the ftonvalidity of the relativistic string formalism, factorization and Ordinary Ideas about the Physical World. absence of ghosts are manifest. In the modified or H. P. Stapp. LBL-5333, July 1976. bital model, the intercept a(0) was lowered to Use of Dipole Sum Rules to ^Estimate Upper and Lower Bounds for Radiative and Total Widths of 1 - TZ- (26 - D ), where DQ is the dimensionality of the x(3414), x(3508), and x(3552). Pomcare-invariant subspace of spacetime (4 tercept became j - w(10 -D0), while the femuon inter Discontinuity Formula and Sato's Conjecture. T. Kawai and H. P. Stapp.' To be published in cept was unchanged. The formeriy-massless vector the Proceedings of the Oji Seminar in Algebraic particle in these models was seen, to be given a mass Analysis, Kyoto, Japan (1976); LBL-5383, October 1976. by a^iggs-like mechanism. Interacting strings were treated in the modified orbital model, and, unfor Discontinuity Formulas for Multiparticle Amplitudes. H. P. •StapD. Lectures delivered at Les Houches tunately, it was found that some of the scattering Sunnier School, Les Houches, France, June 3-28, amplitudes vvere not dual. (Warren Siegel) 1975; LBL-4812, March 1976'. Gauge- invariant methods of perturbation expan Duality and High Energy Behavior of a Reggeon- sion for the nonrelativistic monopole—particularly, Reggeon Amplitude in the Dual Resonance Model. . P. Hoyer, N. A. Tomqvist, aiid-B. R. Webber. semidassical expansions of the Feynman path-inte Nucl. Phys. B 115, 429 (1976); LBL-4854, -, gral—have been investigated. In addition, the r,el- May 1976. /.,._• ativistic'monopole has, been investigated using a Duality Determination of Isoscalar Meson-Nucleon covariant set of two-particle *BVB equations, to de Couplings. P. Hoyer and H. B. Thacker. Nucl. Fhys.:B 116; scribe a system of monopolies interacting with a 261 (1976); LBL-5323, June 1976. ': : charge. (Warren" Sie'gel) * G. Parity and the Breaking^of Exchange Degeneracy.' Work on spontaneous symmetry breakdown in dual G. F. Chew and C. Rosenzweig. To be published models has continued. It has been shown that the in Fhys. Rev.; LBL-5538; October 1976. Hunting for Beauty at PEP: Some Very Crude Pionic and Radiative Decay Widths,of Charmed Estimates. Hadrons in a Badly Broken SU(4)' Symmetry. ' M. Chanowitz. MG-1-77, January 1977. M. Suzuki. Phys. Lett, 66B, (1977)'. (Internal report) The Poie Factorization .Theorem S-Matrix Theory; •.*'•• ' Incorporation of Baryons into Topological D. Iagolnitzer and H. P. Stapp; Submitted1to • "••" Expansion. Communication of Math. Phys^; LBL-5379, '••-•••'• F.. J. Capra. Submitted to Physics Letters, December 1976. , LBL-6119, January 1977. The Pomeron-f Identity and Hadronic Total Cross-"-'-'-; . Inelastic Compton Scattering and Quark Charges. Sections at Moderate Energy. M. S. Chanowitz. Submitted for publication; P. R. Stevens, G.'F. Chew and C. Rosenzweig. LBL-531Z, June 1976. . ' ' • Nucl.. Phys. B 110, 355 (1976); LBL-4825, March 1976. "— ' "";' .-.'.V J. Dependence of the Twist Parameter in Dual Unitarity. "•• . . Production and Decay Correlations and Spin • Y. Eylon and J. Finkelstein. Submitted'to Assignments for Charmed States-in e*e" Annihilation. Phys. Lett'.'•; November 1976.' J. D. Jackson. Internal Physics Report JDJ/76-1, • June 18, 1976. . ..„.-- Lectures on the New Particle's. J. D. Jackson. To be published in the" 'A Review of Radiation Transitions and Decays of ip . Proceedings of the Sumner Institute on Particle and Related Functions. • ; M. Kashiwara,. T. Kawai, and H. P. Stapp. The Sign of the Unnatural-Parity Cylinder. , .Kyoto university, Kyoto; Japan preprint RIMS-Z13; "J. Millan. To be published in Phys. Rev. D; ' to be published in the Proceedings of the Oji <•• LBL-S374,' August 1976. - Seminar in Algebraic Analysis, Kyoto, Japan (1976). • Sister Trajectories.in the Dual Resonance Model." P. Hoyer. Phys. Lett. 63B, 50 (1976); Mixing of Pseudoscalar Mesons and Ml Radiative LBL-4855, April.1976. Decays. H. Fritzsch and J. D. Jackson. CERN preprint Some .Comments on the States Between the ipand ifi1. TH-2264, December 21, 1976. Michael S. Chanowitz and Fredrick J. Gilman. Phys. Letters 63B, 178 (1976); LBL-4864 and ye .Events in Electron-Positron Annihilation with SLAC PUB-1746,T% 1976. Longitudinally Polarized Beams.' R. Simard and M. Suzuki. Phys. Rev. D 14., 2230 State of Baryonium Within the Hadron Famiiy. (1976); LBL-5356, July 1976. G. F. Chew. Third European Symposium on Antinucleori-Nucleon Interactions, Stockholm, •Multiple Discontinuities for 2-to-4 Processes. July 1976; LBL-5397, July 1976. ;K. Cahill'andH. Stapp. university of Paris XI, 2 . . Orsay, France preprint. IPMO/TH 76-2, to be A Statistical-Weight Interpretation for the 1/N published in J.: Inst. Henri PoiftcarS, - Convergence factors of the Topological Expansion. January 1976. -.-•.'• /.. G. F. Chew and C. Rosenzweifi. Accepted for publication in .Aim. Fhys.; LBL-4877, June 1976. * A New Regge Trajectory in the Dual Resonance Model. . P. Hoyer, N. A. Tornqyist-," "and*B.. R. Webber. Strings with Dimension-Dependent Intercept. Phys; Lett. 6JJ, 191 (1976); LBL-4643, - W. Siegel. Nuci. PJiys. B109. Z44 (1976); • '.-. • •••• January. 1976*.-' -.•••! ;. •:-.;••-,: "•..• <,-'•:& -.-:.•.. ••-,• LBL-4661, January 1976.' : : The Okubo-Zvieig-Iizuka Rule Near'New Thresholds. . Surface •Medication for Gauge Theories'in Two • N.'A. Tomqvist.. Phys. Lett. 64B,.548 (1976);; . Dimensions. LBL-5304, June 1976. , ' v M. B. Halpenv and P. Senjanovic. Submitted to Phys. Rev".; LBL-5588, December 1976. Pian Condensation and! Abnormal Nuclear Matter. . .''••" . Michael's. Chanowitz-'and P. Siemens. To be "; •'• SU(-3) Breaking in rid,Two-Body Decays of the , published; LBL-S597, December 1976.-..,--•. ;,,.,-.. ip(3100). . «• 38 W. J. Wilson. Submitted to Jftj^l. Phys. B; With respect to electron cooling, -formulas .LBL-4891, June 1976. • • - developed by Mauer, of the Karlsruhe Laboratory, Test for Chirality of Heavy Lepton Current in were used in the creation, of a computational pro Inclusive Pion Production of Electron-Positron Annihilation. gram designaJ'tq-indicate the manner an which the R. Sunar-and H. Suzuki. Phys. Rev. D 14, 2965 — -electron-cooling process' may be expected to proceed. 3976}; LBL-5347, July 1976. . ; Numerical"computations and independent analysis Topological Expansion and Cutkosky Rules. indicated that in "two important limiting cases the F. J. Capra. LBL-5^38, July 1976. Mauer fijimulation leads to resultsgiven by corre sponding simple formulas cited in early reports ACCELERATOR THEORY AND DESIGN from Mjvosibirsk.... (L.: J., Laslett and Lloyd Smith) ' With- respect to stochastic .coaling,, computa 'PEP BEAM LOADING AND THE ROBINSON INSTABILITY tional programs were designed and employed to illus 1 The PEP rf system is subject to heavy beam trate Jiow this process ideally might be expected to loading when operating at design conditions and the perform. An analytic theory, based on the same ini- parameters of the system, some of which cannot be ,tial model, also was developed. It led to a par adjusted rapidly, must be set to take the loading tial differential equation for the evolution in. time into account. As a Tesult, the system can be badly of the distribution function characterizing the mismatched, before and during the tine required to damped: particles. An explicit solution to this fill the -ring with electrons and positrons, to the differential equation then was obtained in terms of detriment of the klystrons supplying' the power. An Laguerre polynomials whose coefficients are readily - analysis was 'made of the possibility of separating obtained from parameters characterizing the initial the accelerating cavities into two classes which distribution function. The computational and an could be tuned independently and phased with respect alytic results appeared to be in agreement,and could to each other to meet the various requirements while be employed to illustrate, for example, the manner filling the ring. An extension of the theory of the ; in which an initial, multi-group distribution would • Robinson instability .was required for this investi '•„ evolve. Thus one finds that an initially complex gation^ This scheme still had undesirable aspects distribution tends in the course of time (if no ad j and it was necessary to extend the analysis of the ditional particles are added) to a single character -' circuitry to include other elements and to general istic form with a mean-square width that decreases ize the" concept of the Robinson instability further. in the' manner suggested by van der Meer's original "" .The formalism has been incorporated into a computer work. -The results of this'work have not been pub ' program by M. Lee of SLAC. (Lloyd Smith) lished but they were circulated to several interested ^individuals prior to. the 1976 Brookhaven Sumner Study. . ESCAR BEAM DYNAMICS "(L. J. Laslett and Lloyd Smith) Further studies have been made ,of basic beam .dynamics in ESCAR to explore the range of flexibil Los ALAMOS PROTON STORAGE RINGS ity "in operating parameters both with the full sys "It is,proposed.to increase the capabilities of tem and with constraints which nught simplify ini the pulsed neutron time-Of-flight facility now com tial operation. 'The ring does Indeed prove to be ing into-operation at-LAMPF by adding a storage ring ' , capable of .running in a wide range of configurations. • to accumulate'800'MeV protons accelerated in LAMPF. (L. J._ Laslett aid Lloyd StoitbJ^ • At the.request of Los Alamos, assistance in'develop- '"ing the parameters of the ring has been given to the group.designing the .storage ring. (Lloyd Smith) , ELECTRON AND STOCHASTIC COOLING ' - agL *.-. i These'techniques Have recently attracted in SYNCHROTRONPLIGHTFROM SPEAR :'• creased interest in this' country; and in the future A detailed study was made of the possibilities 5i=*?£hey may be the subject of experimental study with of improving future performance of the SPEAR Storage -„ r"th.e ESCAR facility. • • Ring as a source/of synchrotron light. • Present light quality is not optimum because the focusing is cho under the combined influence of an applied alter sen for colliding-beam physics. Focusing patterns nating gradient focusing field and the defocusing were devised that suggest a potential fourfold in space-charge forces). Such work has to some extent - crease in brightness, provided'that magnet misalign paralleled that of theERpA 1976 Sumner Study on Heavy • ments can be sufficiently suppressed or compensated. Ion Fusion, but has served to clarify the problem ;. The study revealed the importance of proper wiggler and has raised some questions that warrant- further • magnet placement. These magnets, intended to inten consideration... As an .outgrowth of this work, various" sify and harden the photons, will either degrade or stationary distributions (other than just that of ^he improve the light quality according to whether they Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij formalism) have been devel are placed at lattice locations where the dispersion oped for beams, in a, nonalternating-'gradient focusing;•.; function is large or small. (A. A. Gairen) channel (e.g., in a solenoid) and they- characteris tics examined. Stability questions concerning such' distributions, and for beams subjected to alternar-' J- STORAGE RING OPERATION WHEN THE NORMAL PERIODICITY IS DISTURBED ,. ting-gradient focusing, are how being examined; and , will be the subject of simulation computations-now Previous work on running the ISABELLE storage being initiated. (L. J. Laslett.and Lloyd Smith -•• ring, when the insertions are tuned differently, was with Glen R. Lanbertsori) extended by comparing cases where one or two inser tions had high or low B-values compared to the nor The focusing of an intense beam of high-energy mal ones. With only two sextupole jfamilies' to con heavy ions onto the target in a pellet-fusion reac trol the chrqmaticity, the variation of betatron tor was studied analytically." The problem is diffi- tunes over the momentum window was modest, as was cull because,among other things, of the large distance, ' that ofthe B-functions, with the exception that the between the last focusing lenses and the-target, high B-values in the normal insertions varied up to 50 rigidity, and space charge defocusing. Subject to percent of their unperturbed values. Hence more simplifying assumptions, a way was found to express- complex correction schemes; in which the sextupole all the dimensions of a c,uadrupole doublet lens sys periodicity is also broken, may be indicated. tem as functions of a single parameter that depends (A. A. Garren) on quadrupole pole-tip field, distance to target, , target spot size, and beam properties (energy, 'emit- tance, current, charge state, and atomic weight). As HEAVY ION FUSION. a result of this parametrizatio'n it is possible to ... In light of the growing interest in the use of find useful results such.as the charge state and heavy ions as the igniter for an inertially confined number of beams that will best reduce the size; of .' fusion reactor! work Was begun to develop general the lens system. (A', A. Garren) ' * . parameters and to investigate the relative, merits of various* accelerator schemes which might be used to • •' An ERDA Summer Study of Heavy Ionr for Tnertial Fusion was held in Oakland during July 19.to August • produce beams of heavy ions in thp range of several 1, 1976. The study was organized and conducted hundred terawatts for a few-nanoseconds.' Efforts to jointly by LLL and LBL and included some 60 partic- date have been mostly in the areas of .acceleration ' ipants from 15 institutions. David L. Judd acted as ., at -very low velocities, the use of ah induction linac co-chairman of the study and afterwards served as as principal accelerator, .high intensity beam trans the principal editor of its report. port, arid final bunching; (LLdyd Smith) " Problems relating to heavy-ion fusion, espe RADIATION DAMAGE FACILITY, cially those associated with the transport of in-' There is- urgent need in the CTR program for .tense beams of heavy ions have been 'investigated. an intense source of 14-HeV neutrons for use in / -A largs portion of this investigation had been studying radiation damage to possible reactor mate ' based on the envelope equations of Kapchinskij and rials. It is possible to achieve substantially Vladimirskij (and on the associated linear single-..' greater fluxes, than are either, presently available particle equations, of motion for particles noying ' or under development, by use of a deuteron linear i 40 accelerator operating in a continuous mode at about nuclei will not form and, vice versa, pion condensa , 30 MeV. ' the basic parameters for such an acceler tion was excluded by assumption in the study of ab ator and the associated facility were developed normal nuclei. The model has now t>een solved with jointly by LLL and LBL and included in a proposal to out making either assumption. For the case of'neu ' ERDA. (Lloyd Smith) tron matter with nonrelativistic kinematics it is found that there is a substantial reduction in the effective nucleon mass as expected, for abnormal mat 1976 PUBLICATIONS: ACCELERATOR THEORY AND DESIGN ter but that whether pion condensation also occurs depends on the value of the renormalized. axial charge Comparison of Insertion Configurations. in the neutron matter. For g, > 1.11 there is a-'pion A.A. Garren and David Johnson, Proceedings of the 1976 Isabelle Workshop,, BNL-50611. (Internal,, condensate but for g, < 1.11 there is not. Teport) * (M. Chanowitz with P. Siemens of -the Niels Bohr Institute) ERDA Summer Study of Heavy Ions for Inertial Fusion. Roger 0. Bangerter, William B. Henmannsfeldt, David L. Judd, and Lloyd'Smith (Editors), NUCLEAR CLUSTER MODEL Claremont Hotel, Oakland/Berkeley, California, A model of the C nucleus based on the cius- * ' ' July 19.-30, 1976; LBL-5543, UC-21, TID-4S00-R65. ter model of Wildemtuth and co-workers has been developed. This model is based on three clusters Estimate of Longitudinal Space-Charge Effects in rf and Drift Branching. and so represents an extension of the three-alpha L. Smith, Paper A6-4. model for1Z C. The wave functions of particles in a cluster are of the simple-haimonic-oscillator type Final Focusing of the Ion Beams of a Pellet Fusion with two free parameters. Both aritisymmetrization •Reactor by Quadrupolp Doublets. A. A. Garren. In ERDA Summer Study of Heavy Ions for all particles and momentum conservation are for Inertial Fusion, Berkeley, July 19-30, 1976, • pp. 102-109; LBL-5543. treated exactly. The combination of these features introduces great complexity into calculations using Operating Modes for ESCAR. the model, but when realistic parameters are used, L. Smith and L. J. Laslett, ESCAR NOTE 32. it is found that simplifying assumptions that ignore either effect do not produce a satisfactory approx Operating Modes for ESCAR Leading to Lower Transi imation to the complete model. The parameters in tion Energy, ' L. J. Laslett, ESCAR Note 35. the model have been deduced by comparison with elec tron scattering data, and it is found that reason SPEAR Lattice Modifications to Increase Synchrotron able agreement with the data can be achieved. One Light Brightness. ' of the parameters obtained in this way is approx A. A. Garren, M. Lee and P. Morton, SPEAK-193, April 7, 1976. (Internal report) imately the same as that which would be obtained for. a three-alpha particle model. (J. v". Lepore and • R. J.( Riddell, Jr.) ;, . . .' * NUCLEAR SCIENCE . MISCELLANEOUS TMOICAL PHYSICS been given by explicitly calculating certain SU(1,1) "Have We Seen a Heavy Anti-Nucleus?" R. Hagstrom, submitted to Fhys. Rev. Lett.; group matrix elements. It has been shown how these ' LBL-5593, December 1976. -formulas provide the imwdiate partial diagonaliza- tion of integral equations containing the invariant Identifying Particles by de/dx, a Few Practical group or coset measure of SU(1,1) in any basis. Comments. • . •R. Hagstrom, Internal Physics Report Theo-RH-1,, *(Philip Lucht) , October 1976. (Internal Report)- . ' 1976 PUBLICATIONS! MISCELLANEOUS THEORETICAL FWSICS Inclusion of the Exact Form of Close Encounters in Heavy Ion Stopping Powers. ... Boundary-Distribution Solution of the Helmholtz . R. riagstrom, Internal Physics Report Theo-RH-5, Equation for a Region with Corners. December 1976.' '•••.-•.. " J.^V. Lepore and R. J. Riddell, Jr., LBJ.-4673, , February 1976* A Little Brown Jug to Measure Nuclear Interaction Cross Sections. Electromagnetic Experiments with the Iron Beam. R. Hagstroul, Internal Physics Theo-RH-3, R. Hagstrom, Internal Physics Report Theo-HH-2, November 1976. (Internal Report) October 1976. (Internal Report) Numerical Solution of the Helmhbltz Equation for Two An Elementary Scheme to Measure Anti-Nucleus Inter Dimensional Polygonal Regions. action ISrtial Cross-Sections. J. V. Lepore and R. J. Riddell, Jr., LBL-4814, R. Hagstrom, Internal Physics Report Theo-RH-8, March 1976.• December 1976. Revision of Steignan's Flux Limit Table. Further Studies of the Monopole .Candidate. R. Hagstrom, Internal Physics Report Theo-RH-6, P. B. Price, E. K. Shirk, Internal Physics Report December 1976. (Internal'Report) Theo-RH-4, July 15, 1976. (Internal Report) What is Needed to Identify Anti-Nuclei by This The Generalized-Legendre Addition Theorems, SU(1,1), Knock-On Spectra Alone? .-•. • ' and the Diagonalization of Convolution Equations. R. Hagstrom, Internal Physics Report Theo-RH-7,. P. Lucht, LBL-S527, October 1976. December 1976. (Internal Report) • ii1 3. COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS The Computer Science and Applied Mathematics . economic, and environmental data bases require Department (CSAM) engages in research in a variety advanced techniques in data management. In of computer science and mathematics disciplines. vestigations of specialized hardware and soft- A balanced mix of 70 percent project-oriented work ware techniques of hierarchical and distri and 30 percent discipline-oriented research is buted data bases are under way. A general, maintained by funding from the U. S. Energy Research transportable system, the Berkeley Data Manage and Development Administration (ERDA) and from other ment System,.is under development for several federal and state agencies. • projects and as a research system for investi Currently, the Department permanent staff in gating distributed data management techniques.' cludes 67 computer scientists, mathematicians, engineers,' physicists, computer technicians, and • Socio-Economic Environmental Demographic Infor administrative personnel. This year there are six mation System (SEEDIS). The SEEDIS project postdoctoral and predoctoral temporary positions in includes, a very large integrated data base computer science and mathematics and two joint (over 10 billion characters) used for energy UCB/LBL'faculty appointments. The Department works policy analysis and environmental impact stud close with rthe Computer center staff which rims and ies by agencies all over the United States. ' maintains the Lairaratory's !CDC07600/6600/6400 tri The system provides- interactive retrieval, plex, LBL's center is one of the largest unclassi-, analysis, and display of a wide variety of fied scientific computer centers, serving federally- characteristics and statistics gathered from funded users nationwide over a sophisticated remote .' many government agencies. Current research job entry tike sharing* system and the worldwide AREA activities include techniques for integrating network. information, collected by several sources, syn This- year several major new long-term programs ' thesizing data for specific modeling studies, were begun which are expected to lead CSAM into and updating: base "data from auxiliary sources. state-of-the-art research and development oyer the The CSAM Department is acting as scientific next 5 to 10 years. . liaison between ERDA and the Bureau of the CSAM was selected to build a nationwide net Census, in activities relating to the 1980 work of large minicomputers for distributed data Decennial Census, and energy-related data, management and general time-sharing facilities. The gathered by the Census Bureau. In addition', network will eventually grow to 12 nodes and provide LBL is participating- in the ERDA^wide Inter- access to large-scale centers at LBL and elsewhere. iaboratory Working'Group for Data'Exchange This project is funded through a Memorandum of Under (IWGDE), a group which ^s developing a computer- standing between ERDA and the Department of Labor. independent DATA Exchange Standard. , LBL received approval for three major programs in which CSAM staff will participate: the Time Pro jection Chamber for the PEP facility; the National • Computer Graphics. The static and dynamic dis Resource for Computational Chemistry; and the Mag play of the results of information retrieval netic Fusion Energy program. and analysis provide the user with a compre Research and development activities undertaken hensible representation of results not possi "span the following disciplines: ble with printed formats. Computer-generated • Data Management Systems. The special problems maps, charts, graphs, and movies, usually involved in managing large scientific, socio- created interactively, have proven the most 46 effective,way to connunicate complex results. mirror machines, design and analysis of par- Current projects include a national geographic ' • tide accelerators (e.g., PEP and ESCAR) , information system, a graphical analysis sys-., . ;-.' through beam .tracing, space charge.,. anu magnet tern for decision making, a device-independent r : ' design programs, ,and to" the analysis of exper- graphics system, and a graphics modeling sys imental high energy physics data. • tem: „ • Mathematical Madeline. , This effort includes • Computer Networks. Resource sharing over com the development; of a linear programsring sys puter networks has been proven to be a valu tem used iri econometric models, a..critical able and challenging research area. Unique path"analysis,p,rogram:for;project scheduling, resources, including hardware, software, and ' a biomedical modeling system for; campartmental data-bases, can be accessed over a distributed models, and extension of.a'l'arge projpram to network, providing full capability at all solve magneto-hydjrodynaraic problems.. • sites. Interlaboratory commracation is greatly "facilitated through the use of compu • Programming Languages,. This research centers : ter network mail and computer teleconferencing. on the development of structured FGETRAN- The development of high-level protocols, com- ..* derived. languages and proposed extensions to • man language interfaces, and distributed data FORTRAN standards. Related irk in systems management techniques will enhance the compu implementation languages is also under way. tational power available for every site on the network and provide a cannon resources pool • Applied Mathematics. The group conducts re for the solution of regional and .national prob? search in numerical analysis and applied math lems. Currently, JJJL's staff is chairing the ematics provides consulting services to USL ERDA Network Experimentation Project Investi staff members, and supervises the' Computer gator's Panel, whose mission is to provide a Center'mathematical software library, in its resource sharing environment for EHDA-spon- •.:•'•• research,. the group places increased emphasis sored laboratories and universities over the on the development of mathematical, numerical, ARFA NetworK A project to build a distrib- , and statistical methods related 'to the study uted data management network based on minicom of energy processes, typically in cases re puters was begun this year. The pilot network quiring the. solution of partial differential 'will consist of four nodes (UBL, San Francisco, equations. One of the topics under active in Denver, and Washington, D.C.) andwil1 grow to , vestigation is the numerical solution of ellip 12 nodes in the next.few years. tic partial differential equations. Combina tions of fast-direct conjugate-gradient, and • Management Information Systems. The retrieval, other methods are being developed for the iter 1 analysis, and display'of information from a ative solution of nonlinear equations and of -'variety of data sources requires an integra problems on irregular domains in two and three _;_ tion of Sophisticated techniques MJI data manage dimensions. Another is the development of ment., human-machine interface, and automated, numerical and statistical techniques, such as v the random choice, vortex, f jjie-grained, and * report generation. Current projects include a coarse-grained ^methods for application to the, , local"HIS for LBL managers in scientific re- study of turbulent combustion phenomena. We _t. search, divisions, technical support groups, and ( are extending our earlier .studies of capillary_ in personnel1.1 _ • t free surfaces to include questions of stabil ity and applications to the flow of petroleum T- • Computational Physics and Data Analysis. Pro gram development and research support is given in underground reservoirs. In connection with , . . tb the design and' analysis'of controlled ther- its consulting and software activities, the */ mqnuclear reactors (e.g., TOKAMAK, TORMACj and group maintains broad interests that coyer . 47 most areas of contemporary numerical analysis 5. Addition of "hooks" for user-supplied and selected areas of applied mathematics. storing and fetching processors, and DDL • Educational Programs. The Department supports specification of the form of data" to be a post-doctoral visitor's program in several passed to and from the user-supplied ,, •,; of the above disciplines and, in,conjunction processors ' with the University of California, Beikeley 6. Elimination of relational qualifiers for • Campus, a program for training graduate stu data element values '. , » dents in their doctoral research. It also • 7. Re-indexing only of "modified data element , sponsors regular Computer Science colloquia, values during update operations '• "• . Applied Mathematics colloquia, and the annual 8. Addition of ah audit trail facility Berkeley Workshop on Distributed Data Manage 9. Addition of data-base load and dump ment and Computer Networks. • facilities ' ' ". 10. Improvements to the efficiency of the I/O routines ' ' ii\TAHiw(BersTSTffis. BDMS was installed on the IBM-360/195^ at the • Rutherford High Energy Laboratory (RHEL) in England .- • BERKELEY DATA-BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM to support the .operation of the UK contingent of the The Berkeley Data-Base Management System (BDMS) International Particle Data Group. Little difff- ' is a. hierarchical data-base management system specif culty was encountered, demonstrating successful ad ically designed to efficiently handle numerical as herence to the design goal of transportability. The well as character and bit string data. It has'a system also was installed on. Brookhaven's CDC-7600, data-base definition language that is easy to learn, which is run under the SCOPE .operating system. • a powerful free-format data input language, and a (S. Cassinelli, P. Chan, T. Clements, T. Coffeeh, ...•' sophisticated data-base editor. Its .query language D. Richards, and S. Sorell) includes Boolean and relational operators, range searching, and the ability to use intermediate INTERACTIVE ACCESS TO FILES search results in later queries. All system capa Work continued on Interactive Access to Files bilities are available as user-callable subroutines, (INTERAC), a system, designed to allow LBL" INTERAC- - so that specialized data retrieval, systems may be TIVE programmers a standard and high level method built upon BDMS. At LBL it operates in both inter of reliable access to their files on the CDC-6600B active and batch modes on the CDC-6400 and 6600, - (where "access" implies storage as well as retrieve and in batch mode on the' 7600. It is easily' trans al). TNTERAC is independent of the type and content portable to other operating systems and to non-CDC of files. It is designed to provide access to files computers. . that are not routinely updated. When used in its A second version of the system has been = most general sense,"INTERAC stores copies of a file implemented. Its new features include.: ••.-,•.•. on all LBL storage devices (disk, PSSJ MSS, and tape) • 1. A Boolean query language for record re-" - and Will retrieve the file, from the fastest device trieval that can.be'used.interactively that is currently operational. This relieves users or by ah application program _ .'•; of any need of specific knowledge of LBL storage ••"-'• 2. •-Simplification of the data-base defini devices % (is MSS up?). They, may be assured that tion language (DDL} •- -'•'•'•: '-V>. t'"~- ':'••* th e "LBL"access system" will "fetch the stored data" -•••;.!'3. Addition of double precision and bit through a taxation of all available resources. • :-:' ••"" string^ type data elements' '•'' :": : '''"..'•": '' : INTERAC allows interactive programmers complete free -*,4. " Replacement of EXTERNAL data elements dom in the use of LBL storage devices. It also pro •'••'.'-: and user-constructed (KGEN ed)' keys hy vides automatic elimination of infrequently used the single concept at VIRTUAL data files from fast storage devices (while maintaining : elements • "'-' archival copies on slower devices). 48 INTERAC I4>dates the index to the files each on the logical model level. As a result, a project time they are accessed [stored or retrieved!. This is being initiated whose goal is to build a human- allows interactive programmers to know file retriev engineered interface to data management. This type al patterns' as well as where the files are located. of interface will be designed to serve users having INTERAC can provide a standard index report, jjl de no corputer experience. Other projects now in the tailed and/or summary form. The index itself may be planning stage will involve study and design, of ac randomly read to satisfy a programmer's specific cess methods and" languages for performance specifi- needs (an example would be the need to provide in cation. teractive users an cn-iine list of files available Several experimental systems were investi which satisfy some user-specific criteria). gated for future research, including a comparative INTERAC addresses the problem of elimination experiment on the INGRES Relational Data Management of data from a continually growing data base which System, which runs on the lO PDP-il/70. A data must eventually be limited. It does this by first base (PARAP) containing air-quality and mortality allowing the programmer to associate subsets of the data, which runs on the Berkeley Data-Base Manage files in the data base with particular tapes and ment System (BDMS) on the CK-6600, was also loaded MSS "special sets'" [particular MSS boxes). fecondly, on INGRES. A fairly complex query, which requires the index may be purged of all files associated with a FORTRAN program interface in'BUG, was described these tapes and MSS special sets when they are phys by the INGRES query language and executed interac ically removed. Thirdly, a particular file may be tively. This comparative experiment provided use purged from the index and PSS cache even though the ful insights into the power necessary 'in query entire set of tapes and MSS boxes associated with languages and iniu the performance variables in it are not eliminated. volved in data management query processing. The . (R. Allan, W. S. Gee, P. Healey, B. Heckman, and installation of BDMS on the RHEL IBM-360/195 and ' ' J. Miller; the BNL CDC-7600 provided another research tool for distributed data management investigations. TRAINING FACILITY MANAGEMENT RMJECTS [W. Greiman, P. Kreps, D. Richards, and Shoshani) Maintenance continued on the Training Facility Management System, which maintains inventory, equip NlLAND GEOTHERMAL LOOP EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY ment characteristics and configuration, and documen The Niland Geothermal Loop Experimental Facil- . tation data bases for the civil service arm of the lty (GLEF) in the Imperial'Valley of California is U. S. Naval Combat Systems Maintenance Training jointly funded by the San Diego Gas and Electric , Facility. Company (SDGSE) and the Energy Research and Develop The fully operational system is based on the ment Administration (ERDA). In addition to provid STDFI Data Management System and allows users to up ing technical support and funds for construction date, monitor, and generate reports via a remote and operation, ERDA is sponsoring a program (at LLL) •» terminal. ^ - to assess the potential environmental effect of (S. Cassinelli and D. Scherrer) . future geothermal power plants. A detailed test. program for the 10-MW Niland test facility has been . • FLEXIBLE DATA MANAGEKENT SYSTEM FACILITY .* recommended by the BecAtet^rppration, and is being ' Work began this yeaT 'on the investigation of * implemented with funding obtained from ERDA's Divi distributed data management systems. A study group sion of Geqtheimal Energy; '.''/'• \ .-*as initiated for avflexible data management system TheT processing and analysis of the operating ' ' •-facility ,[EDMF) to-.speciry>!and design^structured data are the responsibility, of the: Lawrence Berkeley modules ,to perform four levels of data management Laboratory. LBL's Computer Science and Applied Math functions:,) logical data models, performance speci ematics Department has developed a specialized data fication, access methods, and operating system in management and retrieval system, under which the terface. Most of the work to^date has concentrated data describing the operating,characteristics of the Niland facility can be readily retrieved for inspec it will become an important vehicle for the inter- tion or futher analysis. Technicians at Bechtel, at' laboratory exchange of data. SDG5E, and at .LLL are routinely accessing the on (D.Merrill) line data for diagnostic purposes. ' • Through the IWGDE (Interlaboratory Working - ••;*" SKKHaWMIC EFIROWENTAL DODGRARilC Group for Data Exchange), CSAM has contacted the irrawioN SYSTEM .r persons at LLL who are processing the environmental data related to the Niland project.- It is envis DATA-BASE ACQUISITION, AND DEVEUDPHENT, , ' > aged that the ARPANET will provide the means of in The objective of the SEEDIS project is to es-r ' tegrating the operating data (at LBL) with the en tablish a coherent, comprehensive, computer-based vironmental data Cat LLL), thus permitting a coher information system for energy policy analysis, en ent integrated assessment of the Niland facility. vironmental impact studies, and other socio-economic (B. Levihe and D. Merrill) analysis applications. Many LBL projects, contribute significantly to the SEEDIS system by supporting re search and development of retrieval, analysis., and SYSTEM 2000 PROJECTS . display programs; others utilize existing software A commercial data-base management system, but contribute new data resources. The system conJ SYSTEM 2000 (S2K) f has been purchased by the LBL' tains a variety of large data bases, such as the Computer Center from MRI Systems Inc., and will be 1970 Census, air quality- data, geographic base files, installed in the LBL CDC-6600 in'October 1977. Op and land use data, that, are, accessible through on tional features purchased include a flexible report line retrieval systems over the ARPA network, dial- generator and a fully documented program language up terminals, and remote batch stations. A compre interface, features heretofore not available with hensive set of, user-oriented retrieval, analysis', LBL's in-house system BDMS. and graphical display modules provides tables, charts, - f and maps, both on interactive terminals and on high- " To increase user awareness of SYSTEM 2000, a quality hardcopy output. . ' computer teleconference has, for almost a year, been SEEDIS activities, include acquisition and in used as a forum for questions related to SYSTEM stallation of data bases required for specific pro 2000.- Manuals' are now available for potential LBL jects, the documenting and cataloging of those data, users. ' and the implementation and investigation of data re Software for'conversion to'and from other trieval, analysis, and display techniques. The new data-base formats (including BDMS' and the IWGDE data bases acquired, upgraded, or developed this . standard) is ..being written and/or obtained from year by CSAM included: other ERDA installations,-especially from BNL and LASL. , S2K data-bases at BNL, ANL,^ LASL, andEPA • General - ' , have already been explored, and experience gained PARAP (Populations-at-Risk. to Air Pollution) with S2K's powerful immediate access language. .. databases, containing geographic, demographic, to'early-benchmark: test will be performed by air quality, and mortality data for California convertihg'the PARAP (Populations'at' Risk to Air Selected portions of APPAR, a populations-at- • " _' ' Pollution) from BDMS to S2K formats This wili' be ; risk data base developed by Systems Sciences, the first opportunity fora-directcomparison of " Inc.,in lie EPA Univac'llOb' - costs and. efficiences between, the two systems, oper ating ori the same'd§ta base ,in the samelcomputer. .'•. Socio-Economic Data Bases The PABAP datajjase will be extended to cover the Quarterly data on employment and wages by estab- entire: Dnited States;^ knd'lhstalled in S2Riii'the . lishment, for eight western states, for 1974, . •".„ EPAUnivac in Research Triangle Sarki N*,)C^' Because 1975, and first' quarter. 1976 (similar in content' ;, • S2K is now.being usedby five ERDA installations to County Business Patterns, but more current, '• comprehensive, and finely disaggregated) -. . (ANL, BNLj'LASL, LLL, PNL) and by ERDA:headquarters, ; 50 Total population estimates as of 1 April 1970, • and county, for 35 types of cancer, for 1950-69 1 July 1973, and Uuly 1975,and per capita ^income combined (used recently by the National Cancer for 1969, 1972, and 1974, for all.U.'Sy counties Institute to produce Atlas of Cancer Mortality, and minor civil divisions (1975 Revenue Snaring 1950-69 "'• . file fToraU. S. Bureau of'the Census .; :'' Ageradjusted annual mortality rates by sex, race, Population, labor force, and unemployment pro- '.. and coun.ty for 53 causes of death, for 1968-72 jections, by county, to 1978 • - - combined : ES20Z employment and earnings datoi* 1967-74, '':/ ;. third'National Cancer'Survey, containing com U.S.,' by county and two-digit Standard: Indus- '' plete, cancer incidence data, 1969-71, for seven trial Classification (SIC) code, ;-•.-.:•.-•. :.;' -• SHSA's by census tract and two states by county • Demographic Data Bases • ' Extract from Third National Cancer Survey, con Population by county for 1 July 1973,1 July'"1974,' taining additional detailed information obtained and 1 July 1975, and net migration and number of by interview of 20 percent of all cancer patients births and deaths by county for the period Complete 1972 mortality statistics (extracts 1 April 1970 to 1 July 1975 from individual death certificates), from Nation Net Migration by county, 1960-70 , al Center for Health Statistics (NOB) . 1970 U.S. Census, Fifth Count by Block Group and 1960 mortality data from Buffalo, New York. Enumeration District (EG/ED) and Minor. Civil . ,• Cartographic Data Bases .,.'..,. Division and Census County Division (MCD/CCD). - •', MED-X (Master Enumeration District list, extended), • Environmental Data Bases containing iatitude-longitude coordinates and as Air quality data for many pollutants, western . sociated FIPS geocodes (tract, county, SMSA etc.) U.S. through 1974, from the National Aerometric of all 230,000 B/3/ED's in the U.S. Surveillence Network (NASN) , •". . World Data Bank II, containing latitude-longitude Sulfur dioxide and sulfate air quality data from coordinates of all coasts, islands, lakes, rivers, the Sulfate Regional Experiment (SURE) and international,boundaries of the world; U.S., state, and Canadian province boundaries for North 1975 EPA SAROAD (Storage and Retrieval of Aero- America. metric Data) yearly sumniary data for seven pollu Geographic boundaries of EPA Federal Regions, and tants . BEA (Bureau of Economic Analysis) areas Endangered species bv county Boundaries.of EPA AQDR's for California , 1960 air quality data from Buffalo, New York. ERA SAROAD SITE Directory, containing latitude- • Energy-related Data Bases ' longitude coordinates' and other information for Energy technology coefficients (requirements .and all U. S. Air Quality Monitoring Stations residual;.) from the BNL Energy Model Data Bases County geographic centroids (calculated from ^Operating characteristics and emissions data for polygon boundaries) and population centroids California power'plants (calculated from MED-X) for California. Technology coefficients for advanced energy tech- • Geocode Conversion Files: -. " nologies . . ., Geocode conversion dictionary, EPA (SAROAD) . Operating data from the Niland Geothermal Loop county Codes to FIPS county codes Experimental Facility in Imperial'County, Geocode conversion dictionary, NCHS county codes .California.' ' to FIPS county codes • Mortality and Health Statistics Geocbde conversion dictionary, Tekrekron county • Age-adjusted annual mortality rates by =ex, race, codes to FIPS county code. • 51 INTERLABORATORY WORKING GROUP FOR DATA EXCHANGE From ORNL: Routines for conversion of UTH coordi UHGDD " nates to latitude-longitude - , To PNL: County and state boundaries in NICKEL ... The. Thterlaboratory Working Group for Data format. Exchange (IWGDE), consisting of members from Argonne CD. Austin, H. Holmes, and D. Merrill) National Laboratory (ANL), Brookhaven National Lab oratory (BNL), Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL), Oak Ridge PROJECTS USING SEEDIS DATA EASES National Laboratory (ORHL), Pacific Northwest Lab LABOR MARKET PROJECTIONS MODEL, , The af f iiiat oratory (PNL), and Savannah River Laboratory (SRL), r met in Washington in August 1976 and in Oak Ridge in ed State Employment Security Agencies.^SESAs) of the November 1976. The group plans to meet in'Berkeley Department of Labor Employment and Training Adminis in May 1977, at Argorine in June 1977, and in Washing tration (DOL-ETA) supply local planners in CETA pro ton in September 1977. jects with estimates of.persons in need, of "manpower The implementation of software packages to services. To be of maximum use, these estimates '•• read and write tapes in the IWGDE exchange standard should reflect "current" local needs. In collabora was completed at most of the installations, and tapes tion with DOL-ETA, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) • were exchanged for testing purposes. Users' Guides has developed an estimation procedure through its for the CDC'and IUi software implementations were Labor Market Projections Model (IMPM). The goal of circulated to the. various laboratories. A revised the LMPM project is to provide a comprehensive model version of the standard specifications was submitted ing system to be'used by local SESA analysts. to the ANSI'X3L5'Standards Committee, as a proposed Since IMPM started at LBL in the sunnier of extension of the existing ANSI standards; 1975, two methods of estimating "current" local needs ' World Data Bank II, a worldwide cartographic' haije been developed. The first method updates cer data base produced by the Central Intelligence Agency, tain tabulations of the 1970 Fourth Count Census by was received at LBL, and the North America portion was using the 1970 Current Population Survey (CPS) tapes implemented for retrieval and plotting in MAPEDIT. and the latest CPS tapes. Updated census tabulations Copies of the full data base are being distributed were computed by multiplying the 1970.census data by by LBL to other ERDA installations. the ratio of the latest CPS data to 1970 CPS data During the past year; the IWGDE facilitated the and normalizing the results. following data exchanges between LBL and other EBDA The second method of estimating current local installations: needs uses a refined cohort-component method to de^- teimine population projections. This involves the From ANL: MED-X file (centroids of Census BG/ED's) separate projection of mortality, fertility, and net migration for 5-year-age cohorts to give population To BNL: 1972 employment data for Input-Output in by age, by'sex, and by race for a particular area. dustry sectors 1960; air quality and mor- Labor force and unemployment projections are based ' tality data from Buffalo, New York; census on the population projections and on national changes tract boundaries for SMSA'.s in eastern . in the structure/of the labor force and unemployment. states;EPA-to-FIPS,County Geocode Conver In order to implement this model, data from several sion file; dictionary of FIPS, counties by diverse sources had to be collected and integrated EPA Air'Quality Control Region into a comprehensive data base, GISFILE: •''_'. ..• From BNL: EPA SARQAD Monitoring Station Site Direc ' 1. 1970 Fourth .Count Census, tabulations 17, tory' .54, and 55 '- 2. 1970 Sixth Count,Census, tabulation 1150 . To 1ASL: ~ World- Data '.Bank II ' 3. 1960-1970 County Migration by race,.by:; - To ORNL: EPA-to-EIPS County Geocode Conversion sex, by age, from G. K. Bowles, U. S. file;World Data Bank II Department of Agriculture, Economic '•'. 52 ., .- Research Service; University of Georgia, '2.' 1969, .1970, and 1971 County Business Pat Institute for Behavioral Research; and terns National Science Foundation . 3. •' Quality of life- data, from Quality of Life 4. Total population control estimates for ' ' in U. S:'Metropolitan Areas: A Statistical January 1978 by county, from the Bureau of ' ..'• - Analysis yby Liu,h Beii C. * • ^ the Census. '.- T,4. -Change in the .consumer, price index from the 5.' labor foree participation rates for January CPI Detailed Report for 197ft, 1971, 1972, 1978, from the.states 5." 1970 and;1972 unemployment rates from 1974. . 6'. Unemployment-rates for January 1978, from „ .'. Manpower-Report of the President, Tables the States ' - ,--:..;u-D-8;.-;tf-4:.-.. ;-•;.,., ••••:-•'•'•< .^ •' * .*• 7. National Fertility Rates by age and by race from Vital Statistics of the United " .t The coefficients for the four simultaneous . . States 1971, Vol.'l equations'that define in-migratiqn, out-migration, "8. National Survival Rates by age and by sex, changes in-wages, and. changes in employment were es * :•' from Current Population Reports, Population timated using two-stage leasts squares. Using these Estimates and Projections Series, p. 25, estimates; forecasts for in-migration and out-migra- .' . Vol. 493', December 1972 .tion w-5re made using data from the Office of Research t « Statistics of the Social Security Administration. ' After .2. years of effort, LBL in cooperation with '(E. Schroeder) . DOL-ETA has developed two computerized models to help supply analysts in CETA projects with estimates of ENERGETICS OF THE UNITED STATES MAPPING PROJECT. parsons in need-of manpower services. At the end of During 1976, BNL's Biomedical and Environmental As each calendar year, both models are run for all sessment Division developed the COENDA data base. states, SHSAs, and prime sponsors. The results are C0ENDAT contains 1970 county-level data on U. S., mailed to the State Employment Security Agencies in energy production.and use. With the use of LBL's each of the SO states. interactive graphics system CARTE, BNL and LBL per (W. Benson, S. Cassinelli, F. Gey, H. Holmes, sonnel made a series of 40 color maps of the U. S., E. Schroeder, E. Williams, P. Wood} bv county, which have been included in the recently published United States Energetics Atlas: Recently, URBAN MIGRATION STUDY. The purpose of the urban LBL personnel incorporated the same data-base into Migration Study is to develop and test a model for REAP, a flexible interactive query system in SEEDIS. 'analyzing and forecasting THjinigration and out-migra (B. Burkhart and P.'Wood) tion, employment change, and wage change for metro politan areas at the two-digit level of industrial - ''-' SIRAP/REMPi. • Implementation of the SIRAP (Sys . details. With the change in labor market decisions tem of Information Retrieval and Analysis for Plan1 from-the national to the local level, there has been ners) Data Display and Mapping Facility was the main an increased demand for labor market .information for emphasis of the -ongoing STRAP project. An interface metropolitan areas. The model was developed for was constructed between the QwickOwery retrieval and ? those SBA's with 250,000"people or more, as this is report generation system, the MAPEDIT map extraction about,the smallest geographic unit with the desired system, and the CARTE and SWAP data mapping pack amount,of socio-economic data.' ages. Thus, SiRAP data can now be retrieved and , Several different data sources were combined in mapped in a single computer job. .building this model: The REAP system for rapid retrieval of socio- ' 1/ 181" sample from the ContinuousWork History economic and demographic data became a production - ';' Sample (CWHS) that is maintained by the system this year, serving the needs of the U. S. effects of their civil works projects.- Numerous: level data structure' was completed. Because the de- % enhancements to REAP were implemented this year in sign is not tied to a particular output format, it ' '.;• cluding multi-user access to a single data base, a has become known as the Employment Security Table,' facility to permit specification of ranges of geo- .. Independent Cell Structure" (ESTICS). A prototype. graphic areas for data retrieval, indexing of files based on BDMS and INTERAC and incorporating a high stored on computer tapes, uniform indexing of all level interactive interface language was, designed files by FIPS codes, and a help command to assist and implementation begun. , •>•> ,-. .v new users accessing the system interactively. In (R. Allen, W. Benson, T. Coffeen, W. S. Gee, R.r addition, preliminary specifications were developed Healey, B. Heckman, P. Kreps, J.' Miller, andV. --"' Sventek) for providing accesss via REAP to 5th count 1970 census data. (S. Cassinelli, F. Gey, H. Hogan, J. Miller, and ERDA PARTICIPATION ON THE FEDERAL AGENCY COIN-- E. Williams) • CIL ON THE 1980 CENSUS, Initial contacts were made with the chairman of the Federal Agency Council on - : REGIONAL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM. the 1980 Census with regard to ERDA participation in ,- Research and development continued on the Regional defining the scope and use of this important data ""'' Management Information System (RMIS) project. Ini source. LBL, because of its extensive experience tially funded in 1974, the project seeks to investi with the 1970.census', is serving as staff support in gate and test the feasibility of installing DOrETA coordinating ERDA input to the Federal Agency Council' Employment Security Automated Reporting System on the 1980 census, its working committees, andother (ESARS) data bases and available SEEDIS data into a pertinent census organizations. 4Composed of approx coherent, readily accessible information structure imately 90 Federal agencies, the" Council provides an useful for meeting current and projected demands for organizational channel through which federal agen data. Activity has included developing computer cies making extensive use of decennial census mate tools (interactive retrieval, computer graphics, fe- rials can transmit advice to the Office of Management port generation,~and computer mapping systems) which and Budget and the Census Bureau.: The Council's ef will erable managers to access data quickly and forts focus on broad aspects of the 1980 census, in ' easily. cluding proposals for new questions, major changes During the past year, the interactive retrieval in procedures or samples, and tabulation and publi tool has been further developed and linked to cation plans. • Contacts have also been established with other • Newly developed file access software designed . appropriate organizations. Interactions with the especially for interactive tools Bureau of the Census have focused on determining' • The graphical analysis and,output formatting relative priorities in the proposed summary tabula tool '• ; : "'•'•- .'.'. , - . '.-., ; tions and the methods and timetables by which data • The SEEDIS executive program and report gen will be released. LBLwas off icially registered as eration module. ' a Census Summary Tape Processing Center. As such,' " In addition, significant field development, took .LBL is'kept informed of Census Bureau activities place, including seminars, demonstrations, and the through the monthly Data-Use-JJews. As in the past, development of users' guides, work-books, films, '' - LBL continues to respond to a considerable number of video tapes, and monthly status reports. Field de- requests for information about census and census-. '{, ;' • velopment activities also included making nbnprogram- related data; ^ :' ! : . per, LBL personnel available to answer questions con- ' At the local level, LBL has made contact with . ceming any SEEMS tool. Friendly and reliable con the persons (in the Association of Bay Area Govern-^-;- > tact with the user community-has been the key to • ments and the Metropolitan Transportation Commission) 54 who are. responsible for the GBF-DIME files which will These data are required for mapping' applications in be used-in defining the enumeration districts of the the Energy Analysis Group.bf.the LBL Energy and En "1980 census. These/boundaries, for the whole nation, vironment Division.: •;;?...'-. •vail be "frozen" durerig FY 1977, at which time con Point locations of the- 6000 Air Quality Man- . • struction of geographic files for the 1980 census ltoring Stations in the EPASARQA: D Site Directory can begin. » • were received from Brookhaven National Laboratory ' (B. Burkhart, S. Kranz, D. Merrill, and C. Quong) in the IWGDE standard exchange format. These data ', r are being used in the PARAP project. i Discussions are under way-to obtain digitized ,, GEOGRAPHIC DATA-RASE. "Hie Geocodmg subcom files of transportation networks,' including rail- > mittee of the IWGDE begm investigating the stand roads, major roads, oil pipelines, aid electric ards for geocoding geographical and political areas, transmission lines. >• :.H coordinate systems in use, and exchange of geograph (W Benson, B. Burkhart, H. Holmes, D. Merrill, and. ic base files among EHDA sites. The Harvard Univer- P. Wood) i sity packgpge JULYVRT was installed at LBL and an --. ''' -* interface module between LBL's MAPEDIT and POLYVRT WATER RESOURCES PROJECT, A series of tables, was designed and implemented. A test file was sent generated for the California State Department of to ORNL 'for processing since POLXVRT is running on Water Resources, shows water use by manufacturing 'IBM equipment there. Based on'our experiences with industries in California in 1970. The tables are POLYVRT; we" are proposing a chain, file structure patterned on a previous study for the years 1957- . which will be transmitted using the IWGDE exchange 1959. The tables present, for each major Standard standard. \ Industrial Classification and/or county, the water * World Data Bank II, produced by the Central intake, use, source, recirculation, discharge, and Intelligence Agency, was obtained by LBL and is pitential acceptance of reclaimed water of approx being distributed to other ERDA laboratories. This imately 6000 reporting.manufacturers, and an esti cartographic data base contains digitized coastlines, mate of the total fresh water use by all 27,000' islands, lakes, rivers, and political boundaries for manufacturing industries in California. the entire world, to an accuracy of about 100. The (C. Lederer) data base is an untagged "spaghetti" file, which will have to be appropriately geocoded for mapping and NATIONAL TECHNICAL IWORMATION SERVICE (NTIS), land use applications, lne North America portion of An interagency agreement between ERDA and the WD83 has been implemented in an interactive retrieval National Technical Information Service (OTIS) pro .system using MAPEDIT, allowing for selective plot vides government agencies, affiliates and grantees ting and editing at a graphics terminal. of those agencies, and the public with access . r MED-X, the extended Census Master Enumeration through NTIS to SEEDIS data bases, data, and re "- District list produced by EUALAOS Inc., was acquired trieval and display programs. Currently, a series from Argonne National Laboratory through the IWGDE. of manpower reports developed under the sponsorship This file, which, contains populations and latitude- of the Department of Labor are available through longitude ojntroids for -the 230,000 Census Block NTIS for user-specified geographic areas.. Users Groups and Enumeration Districts (BG/ED),ns being may also request special analyses which might re „ used to calculate population centroids for counties quire unique structuring of, data within SEEDIS or ' ' and census tracts; these ul turn are* being used in data not available in a'standard format. k ' the'PARAP project, in Department of Labor projects, (R. Allen, B. Burkhart, R. Healey, S. Kranz, and E. Schroeder) '."•'••' and elsewhere. v '< i-' , - * » ' . With the use of the map editing program ZING, CALIFORNIA SOLAR RADIATION. Programing has , digitized boundaries have been produced for the air been completed for the collection, analysis, and . quality control regions and nydrolORic study areas formatting of the California daily'solar radiation of California (which,do not follow county boundaries]. _ m preparation.for a California Solar Data Manual sponsored by ERBA and the.California Energy Re and hidden surface routines, and point-to-point vis sources Conservation and Development Commission. ibility calculations. ' (C. Lederer) (Hi Holmes, W. Johnston, F. MontalvOi P. Wood) LAND USE AND REMOTE SENSING, A new aspect of PARAP (POPULATIONS-AT-RISK TO AlR POLLUTION). SEEDIS is' the increasing use of .remote sensing data The Populations-at-Risk project, funded by and associated data analysis techniques. The Land EPA, spans a 27-month period from 1 July 1976 to Use Project utilizes LANDSAT.data, the best-known 30 September 1978. The project has-as its goal the source of remotely sensed information. LANDSAT data creation and analysis of an integrated county level - tapes corresponding to more than 10 scenes have been data base containing data on socio-economic-and - acquired, and several software systems have been in demographic characteristics, air quality, and mor-, stalled to process these data.' Available systems tality. ' '_'• '• • '•"' include: During the first year, a prototype California data base was created with the use of BDMS, .the 1. Training set selection routines for Berkeley Data-Base Management System. The data -"" establishing land use classes . elements include: ' " .•' ' '-- 2. Unsupervised classification routines • For each air quality monitoring station: (automatic clustering) EPA station code,- UTM and. latitude-,, /- 3. Supervised classification routine (inter longitude coordinates, place name, pollu active clustering tants measured, analysis and collection': • 4. Coordinate transformation and re-gijiddiflg methods,-number of observations; number of ' software National Ambient Air Quality Standard(s), 5. Polygonal masking routines, for compar arithmetic and geometric means of measured ison of grid and polygon data values, arithmetic and geometric standard 6. Grid overlay routines for combining data • deviations • , according to a user specified' constraint function • For each county: 7. Statistical analysis routines for eval FIPS and EPA county codes, county name, uating classifications population in i970, 1973, and 1975; area, 8. Versatile color display routines for latitude-longitude coordinates of boundary interpreting gray scale, false color, points, latitude-longitude coordinates, of etc. geographic and population centroids,. medi 9. Contour, isopleth, hidden surface, and an family income, per capita income in •'. ' • 1969, 1972, and 1974 point-to-point-visibility routines. • For each county, by sex: In the past, gridded data have been processed » ' Median years of education, labor force only for particular geographic areas under study. status, distribution of employment by oc A goal of the Land Use Project is to incorporate cupational and industrial categories: these data into the; SEEDIS data base and make them ' .. • For each county, by sex and race: available for all geographic areas. In this way, Age distribution. (21 groups); age distrir processed LANDSAT data will be conveniently avail bution of married, and unmarried persons able for input to other projects. .-''',- .' , . ^ separately (7 groups); ageTadjusted death - An image processing system and large disk stor . rates (a) 1950^69, for 35 types of cancer age units have been added to an existing mini . •' (b) 1968-72, for 53 causes of death • computer for land use display arid analysis^ Routines • For each county arid each pollutant: •" . - are also available which-are useful, for more general County estimates of the arithmetic and applications. These include polygon-to-'grid and • geometric means,-and arithmetic and geo grid-to-polygon transformations, contour plotting, metric standard deviations of pollutant 56 concentrations, for seven pollutants m and experimentation with the SEEDIS systems. The * ,1975. The estimates are'weigh^ed aver learning process has been simplified dramatically ages of measurements from all stations with the added benefit that the user'.s projects can • ' within 50 km of the county^centroid. now be completed within more realistic time frames. (P. Kreps, and V. Svefitek) "..'._', . ' '• , -. During the second year, the data base will be ' '" expanded 'to cover the entire United States. It will TRAINING IN THE USE OF SEEDIS INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS ' be implemented in BDMS in •the' LBL computers, and in With the development of the.SEEDIS interac- ' ' SYSTEM 2000 m the EPA Umvac 11001 tive data retrieval and analysis systems, the need An important by-oroduct of this project was _for an educational_program arose. This„ program (has the experience gained with the EPA Univac 1100 com progressed along five fronts. The first is a set of puter in "Research Triangle Park, N. C. The EPA users' guides for each SEEDIS system created by the •', SARQAD (air quality) and NEDS (emissions) data bases, individual system designer. These users' guides de which, are maintained m this computer, will be valu-^ scribe in detail the capabilities and, to a varying , able resources in future projects. degree, the usage to which each system can be put. •' (S. Khif, C. Lederer, B. Levme", D. Merrill, and Second, a set of workbooks is being prepared to take - - E. Schroederj i up where the users' guides leave off and provide step-by-step examples of the system. These work SEEDIS MoriiTOR books are' directed toward the non-computer user who •The SEEDIS Monitor was developed as an exec wishes to apply the system to his particular appli utive system to ease the problems of job control for cation but feels the need for cookbook-like instruc interactive users of SEEDIS subsystems and to pro tions at the onset. Three systems now have work vide a user-friendly interface to system resources. books' SEEDIS Monitor, CHART, and CARTE. Through the SEEDIS Monitor, users may access several Third, a full-time consultant is available at data management, analvsis,and display modules, as LBL, either by telephone or through computer terminal- ', well as file management, mail, on-line help, and user- to-terminal communication,to help the user from the feedback facilities. Users issue simple one-line beginning, starting with equipment familiarization commands with a few options. Prompting is used to and log-m procedure, to data storage and, access. . facilitate interactive control and reduce the burden Fourth, copies of each users' interaction of remembering long sequences of parameters. Using with the SEEDiS system via the SEEDIS Monitor are made and routed to the system designers and to the thet Monitor, users may now access more than one '; ' SEEDIS module within a single job or computer ses consultant on a daily basis. In this way a user sion. having difficulties is spotted and help,is offered, j. The present implementation, which is to be often befcre the user realizes what his problem is; considered, an experimental vehicle, was developed The" SEEDIS Monitor also provides a method for the r * * user to enter comments into the session record to be using a general command language interpreter called seen by the system designers. . . ' DOIT, which has been developed by another group at Fifth, week-long training sessions are held . c- i it ' at the Laboratory. At this tune, the'user is given , LBL. Ue consider our experience to be a strong val comprehensive training in those systems for which idation of the utility of-such.an interpreter system. he has applications and interests as well as a cur , Equally important, /the Monitor has demonstrated the sory look at those for which he may not have-a pres *". • value'of a user-oriented executive in providing easy ent need. As the systems continue to evolve, follow- jaacess "to a camplex'computer^system and an environ up .training sessions may be available. ment 'which facilitates resource sharing and encour- (R. Allen, N. Burkhart, and V. Sventek) "' „ ages! standardization. ", t '' The nature'bf the Monitor, with its avoidance LBL INTERACTIVE RESOURCE INDEX'CLBLIRI). .- . of a complex job control language, allows the non- tark progressed on LBLIRI, the LBL Interactive computer user to devote-'time and effort to learning Resources Index. LBLIRI,.as a BDMS data base, was Index of Energy and Environmentally-Related Data1- incorporated as a retrieval package in the SEEDIS Bases and'Models (which is now available through Monitor; At present,." the difficulties with LBLIRI ERDA/RECON). are: (1) it is about 1 year,-6ut of data; (2) it '(b. Merrill) contains' miscellaneous entries not directly related to LBL" data bases; (3) it is still in version I r' CENSUS ENERGY INDEX, -"The Office of Environ . BDMS, which does not have a Boolean search capabil- mental Information Systems 1(EIS) within ERDA's - ity; (4) there is no HELP package to aid the inex Administration for Environment, and Safety. (AES), has perienced user;-.(5) it is tape-stored; so that a recognized the need for a detailed 'and comprehensive "5-10 minute delay may be experienced if the data guide to all of the energy-related data collected by base has not been recently accessed and stored as la . the U'. S. Bureau of the Census. The data of inter- . common file; and (6) it is in upper case only, which est tcrERDA come !rom. a great number of primary is aesthetically unpleasant for a bibliographic data sources, including the decennial Censuses of Pqpula ' - base like LBLIRI. tiori and Housing, the Current Population Survey and • (D. Merrill) • ": -; Annual Housing Survey," the quinquennial Censuses of Manufactures^ Mineral Industries, Agriculture, Trans; LIST'OF LBL COUNTY-LEVEL DATA BASES, in view ' portation, Construction, and Wholesale and Retail j ' Trade; the Annual Survey of Manufactures, Retail of .the LBLIRI shortcomings mentioned above and" the., Trade Surveys, Current Industrial Reports, Construc amount of work required to overcome them, it was de- tion Surveys, and Foreign Trade Reports. . cided to concentrate on a, smaller data base in a sim Under' an- BRDA-Census Interagency-Agreement, pler format; the simpler format would contain informa ERDA's EIS will fund, during Fy77 and FY78, a cen-.. tion on LBL data bases only. Using the ASCII version sus Energy Index. The Index will be produced by of BDMS (Version II) recently developed by CSAM, a Census Bureau Staff, with LBL-acting'as technical tiial data base was constructed; it contains informa liaison for the project. tion of only the 30-odd county-level- data bases at LBL ha? specified that- the data guide to be LBL. As closely as possible, the format matches produced by the Bureau of the Census should be.sup that of similar lists which have been constructed at plied in machine readable form, with individual data ' ORNL,in printed and machine-readable form. The LBL items tagged for selective retrieval. In such a form, county data base list, in print format, has been the. Census Energy Index will be easily integrated. transmitted to the BBN POP-10 and widely publicized with existing machine-readable data, directories, arid in ERDA computer teleconferences. Thus, all poten can serve as a tool in future automatic data retriev tial users of LBL data bases will have ready access al systems to be incorporated in SEEDIS. (A similar to a constantly updated list. index, produced by the Census Bureau for data from In the future, the list will be expanded to the' 1970 Census of Population and Housing, has al cover all SEEDIS data bases. The list will be kept ready been incorporated in SEEDIS to provide user- current and distributed in printed form. Conversion specified selective retrieval of Fourth' Count Pop of the list to more aesthetic formats awaits further • ulation data.*) development of BBMS-linked report generators. (S. Rranz, D. Merrill, and C. Quong) " 'l A'machine-readable version of the ORNL list,, in similar format, has-been received at LBL. A - COHPLTER GRAPHICS f. small effort will be required to merge tie-two lists" in a common format. It is expected that the merged " list will form the nucleusof, and be an incentive for, COMPUTE!? GRAPHICS AND INTERACTIVE PROGRAMMING TECH- V similar lists from ail of the ERDA laboratories..' NIOUES '..; ' .v .. ..,.-.-}••.'. , ' The LBL data-base list will be provided to . Research in computer graphics is directed Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, in printed and machine- toward the goal of enhancing human-machine communica readable form, to permit updating of the National tion in the areas of data analysis, manipulation, .» - and display. Graphical displays provide immediate nun.computer, and several new features were imple * 'comprehension of trends, clusters, and relationships mented. People generally have trouble, assimilating N' in complex.datal By expressing'data transformations even small amounts of data m tabular, format. Hence, in graphical terms, the non mathematical user can familiar graphic representations such as those-found gain insight into the underlying structures of data, in newspapers, magazines, and technical journals are i Research in natural language interfaces to frequently helpful. CHART uses, a vocabularyof basic,, information systems is aimed at employing artificial forms—lines, bars, pies, shading-which may be suc intelligence techniques to build "intelligent" user cessively modified until a satisfactory picture is interfaces to existing or planned facilities, such obtained. Manipulations that may be performed in- ' as data management systems, network operating sys "elude table reorganization-forexample, ranking on -,. tems, and geographical and management information the basis of a particular TOW or column, datacalr systems. Work has begun on the design of a top-level ibration and selection, scaling, and billing, select^ controller and query process on interface to SEEMS ing graphic variables, and display annotation and v (which currently contains' a variety of independent embellishment. ', data retrieval, analysis, and display modules), ard Limited data analysis capability is also to the ERDA Network Virtual Operating System concept. provided. Raw data may be systematically transform OJ. Benson, H. Holmes, W. Johnston, P. Kreps, I. Kuo, ed into profiles by comparing rows or 'columns with F. (fantalvo, V. Sventek, and P. Wood) a standard reference. Change, or percent l v change,from the reference allows objects to be com "MAPPING SYSTEM pared across attributes hhen raw data values cannot Ths LBL thematic mapping system, CARTE, pro be compared directly. vides several types of displays based on geographic MATBOARD, developed in parallel with'CHART, base files and geographically-coded data. CARTE in is a prototype program which has been designed in . corporates a variety of data integration and manip order to study the feasibility of integrating data ulation facilities to allow the interactive analysis analysis technique's with graphic formats to aid de 'of geographic data by real-time displays of thematic cision makers. One particular class of. graphic dis maps. Enhancements completed this year provide the plays (matrix display) and one type of data, analysis • user with several 'w or improved interactive design (dimensional scaling) are integrated within MA.TBQARD capabilities mcluduv revising map orientation and to offer an aid for two different cognitive tasks- titling, specifying the design of Crosshatch pat ordering and clustering rows and/or columns of a data terns, identifying binning intervals, performing matrix. ' ' arithmetic computations on variables, and utilizing In addition, a bridge between ESARS and / point and line disolu/ techniques. CHART has been built as a first step toward supply t __ In addition polygon mapping capabilities ing a data retrieval facility for CHART. Given a were extended to incli i'e data in gridded form. Uhder- user-designed report„template where tabular data . • .' taken in collaboration vidi the Space Sciences Lab- values are designated by data descriptors, the two -oratery' at UCB, the Association of Bay Area Govem- programs are used in tandem to retrieve.and display " t , mjnts.^and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, this ef- the desired data. This pro'totype report generator " forf focused on general data handling, particularly can* now use multiple files and-multiple data sources. in LANDSAT '(formerly ERTS) data analysis. The Video Frame Buffer will be utilized for image display of DIAGRAMMATIC LANGUAGE PROCESSORS . ' ," , LANDSAT data, and its use in the actual analysis of The PICASSO graphics modeling system anal LANDSAT data ls'also being explored. __ yzes user-drawn diagrams m' terms of user-specified primitives and serves as a translator between two- , GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF TABULAR DATA dimensional diagrammatic problem specifications and i "• CHART, an interactive analysis and display the linear languages of most analysis programs. This -, program for tabular data, was converted to run on a system was used as a basis for the development of. .'. . . 1 59 } the CUPID graphics language processor for the rela several special fonts. tional data management system INGRES. The graphics editor.'module of PICASSO was implemented on the HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT INGRES PDP-11•••at 1KB, leaving the complicated .topo A Video Frame Buffer (VFB) will be installed logical analysis andjnacro processor modules res and interfaced to a PDP-11, which in turn is inter ident on the CDC-6600. This provides a distributed faced to the CDC-6600. In addition, a cross assem computing environment with fast response to the in bler (for the PDP-li), a loader, and a'debugger for teractive, diagramming phase on an intelligent ter- , the microprogrammable processor attached to the VFB minal and transfers the complex operations to the were provided. Software is. available to display con large machine. A hardwired link was-established be- . ventional vector and alphanumeric displays as well as tween the INGRES machine and the LBL complex, afford gridded (raster) data. This software allows color ing network access to all these systems. pictures to be interactively created and displayed. : GENERALIZED DISPLAY ROUTINES A real-time video digitizer has.been added to the system. , Current applications include: (1) cell The Integrated Data Display System (IDDS) is colony counting for evaluation of radiation therapy a general,purpose scientific system with emphasis on for cancers; (2) contrast enhancement., density level complex transformation and display- (e.g.,contour identification, and multiple-image correlation for plots,- gray-level plots; streamline plots, general radiography; (3), analysis of land-use-data from LAND- ized hidden surface display, and 3D vector field dis- SAT satellites for siting studies; and (4) three- ' play). It will'display one-, twor, and three-dimen dimensional image' reconstruction for tomographic stud sional scalar fields in a large variety of ways-X-Y ies at the Bevalac. plots, histograms, polar coordinate plots, scatter diagrams,.contour fields, gray1level plots, perspec OFF-LINE PHOTOCOMPOSITION OF TEXT FROM THE IRATE tive-viewed surfaces, 2D'vector fields, ZD stream KEY-BOARD (OPTIK) ' - .. •• line plots, 3D vector fields,. 3D streamline plots ' r (under development), 3D scalar fields (as isosurface The*equation processor in OPTIK (Off-line plots), and generalized 3D hidden surface plots. IDDS Photocomposition of Text from the IRATE keyboard) was • also includes a suite or routines to do least squares, reprogrammed. OPTIK is the -program used by the Part cubic spline fitting in one to four spatial dimen icle Data Group (PDG) to prepare publishable output sions. These routines are frequently used to Tecon- on film using the IRATE terminal for editing. The . struct sparsely represented scalar fields (for exam- equation, processor removes from the user the respon . pie, geopotential fields). The system is capable of sibility for correct placement of numerators and de - producing thematic maps using gridded data and may nominators on the page. It now correctly, takes into be used in conjunction'with LBL's polygonal mapping account different character sizes, subscripts, system,: CARTE. superscripts, and other special spacing when deter ;. ;,«A general system that can bemused whenever mining where portions'of the equation should be placed. •";• . . - • .~ . .-••;• , -•.'•-'• .<.""*, -,,-', '^graphical display of data is desired, IDDS has been -. : . used'for display.of scalar and vector fields in one, Several report-generator programs were writ two,'and three dimensions and thematic,and gridded ten' to prepare LBL-9L a published report consisting map data (LIRAQj MASOON, METDATA, SOURCES)/, The Si indices for and detailed listings of information system is undergoing continual development, and its , in PDG's particleTphysics-experiment proposals data documentation is continually upgraded.•:.• Onej'of'its base. Other report generators have been begim for several "spin offs",. is the'ASTOG text comppsition- LBL-90, a report to be published containing indices - - ' • •, * • • system, a general purpose' photo, compositi™ system and listings from the PDG data-base containing all used to.produce camerarready output of scientific •• documents in experimental particle physics (pre- • prints, published articles, theses, etc). ' reports.with illustrations suitable for publication. v Qi. Kitchinson) - :'.- ' ' Features include several alphabetic fonts and' c 60 COffUIK NEIVIORIS • It has; been demonstrated that general pur pose computer networks can be used in the ARPANET IMPLEMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTATION ^" ERBA: canSmity to achieve better utiliza LBL an4 six other ERDA research centers (MS,, tion of.resources and improved quality of BNL,-'LLL, MIT-LNS, NYU, and UCLA) now have direct, research:"-'7" ." _• . ^ . •'•;•; • • on-site access to the full range of ARPANET facil • Th& ARPANET is a snoothly functioning, - ities, including access to remote time-sharing sys general purpose computer communications . tems, file transfer, and remote^batch capabilities. network which supports the.most versatile. Moreover, network access to these major, ERDA centers, • capability for heterogeneous, independent as well as .nearly. 100 non-ERDA sites, is available computer centers in existence. In partic , at most other ERDA sites via dial-up facilities ular, the large scale computational facil- ' (local or FTS). rties available at ERDA centers can be During the past 2 years, more than 60 network- adapted to support practical resource abased applications involving ongoing research pro; sharing on an operational basis. jects have been initiated and analyzed. In these • Unique or special computational .resources >. • cases, the network was used to achieve: will be effectively utilized in energy research and development programs if the • Scientific collaboration on a national and resources are easily' available to research •- international scale, involving scientists ers. and managers from nearly every major ERDA • Electronic mail and computer teleconf er- '• • site "" . i encing significantly increase scientific • Access to unique hardware, software, and collaboration and management coordination. , data bases in ERDA and other agencies . '• Reduction of duplicate development of spe • Duplication of effort in software develop cialized software and data bases . / ment can be reduced by providing network • Off-loading large computational tasks frar Facilities for accessing special programs v smaller centers to large centers at remote sites and for transporting soft • Research and development of computer net ware between cooperating sites. working techniques • Large scale computations can be off-loaded • Interaction with researchers from the to large .centers, providing extra.resources University and private sectors. to a wider range of researchers in the 1 Some technical barriers were discovered which ERDA community. .-..'•.. ' make attempts to use the network'difficult. These • Interaction with non-ERDA research activ include the lack of adequate documentation and con ities' in the university and active private sulting services, differences in command and pro sectors is greatly enhanced by computer gramming languages, and saturation'of host machines. network facilities.. None of-these barriers is fundamental in restricting • ThV:initiaVcasts for network connection _ .network'use except, perhaps, the lack of sufficient are/minimal 'compared to the,long-teim computing capacity .to support resource sharing. Noi>- j. benefits obtained. .••' ' technical barriers to network-based resource sharing (D. Austin," S.Furst. D.- Hall, R. Healey, B. Heckman) t were also encountered. These include the difficulty -' of dealing with network communication and mainte- DISTRIBUTED C6ra^;[teTri0RK- „ move 'costs on an equitable .basis and potential loss Thiougll a Memorandum'of Understanding between ' of funding-arising from excessive 'use of remote ERDA/AES and7 the'-Department of Labor, LBL is' begin - facilities-. ning work ori the design arid implementation of a Dis ..* The following conclusions'can be drawn from » tributed Computer Network (DCND for distributed data * network,implementation ard experimentation to date: management and other general purpose tasks. A study 61 .-, was made of available minicomputer hardware .aid soft- more than 100 participants from more than 30 research . ware,and specifications for an experimental distrib installations, including all ERDA laboratories, gov uted computer system were prepared. An- RFP (request ernment agencies (Dept. of Labor, Bureau of' the Cen- . for proposal), based on this study, was sent to mini sus, Department of Agriculture, etc.) and many uni computer vendors. Responses to the RFP were eval versities. Contacts were developed which haveCieen uated and'benchmarks were run on several systems; fruitfully maintained since the teleconference ended. The Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-11/70 Other active teleconferences have been main- CPU was selected as' the" most suitable machine for tained by the IWGDE- (Interlaboratory Working Group this network. Several operating systems run on the for Data Exchange), in connection with, datariase ex-. -11/70, RSX, IAS, and UNIX were evaluated and IAS changes, implementation of data exchange standards, was selected as the best system for this applica and development of geocoding standards for carto tion. Network communications will be based on graphic data bases, Conferences on BDMS and SYSTEM DECNET. The initial configuration will be a four- 2000 are being used to keep participants informed of node minicomputer network, with nodes in Berkeley-, new developments in data-base management systems. San Francisco, Denver, and Washington', D.C. The (D. Austin, D. Hall, S. Furst, and D, Merrill) "current schedule calls for the addition of eight nodes by 1979, to include each of the IP Federal • DOCUMENT PREPARATION, A serious deficiency Regional Headquarters and the National Office in • at LBL is the lack of flexible and powerful document Washington, D. C. ' The Berkeley node will provide a preparation program. The system in common use at gateway to the LBL SEEDIS facilities on the main LBL, BARB, is extremely difficult to use for mixed' computer center, which in turn will serve as access upper and lower case applications. . Rather than cope to the ARPANET. It is expected that research on a with these difficulties, most LBL users (including homogeneous minicomputer network will point the way the Computer Center, for all systems documentation) for future evolution of the ERDA Network. have preferred- the standard upper case version of (R. Allen, H. Gin, A. Greiman, RHolmes, and D. BARB. The LBL Real Time Systems Group has under • Richards). taken the writing of an improved document prepara tion program for.LBE applications. ._ • -. CSAM is utilizing the program MRUNOFF, which • NETWORKING APPLICATIONS ' was written at Bell Laboratories .in 1969 and has' COMR/IER TELECONFEREICINS, • Computer telecon been extensively improved over- the years. Unfor ferencing was heavily used as a mode of communica tunately MRUNOFF is written in BCPL, which, cannot tion'between ERDA laboratories, and other installa- be compiled on the LBL 6000.computers; As an alter ,iP tions during the past year. At least 30 separate / native, ARPANET interface packages have been written conferences were active in the PDP-10 of Bolt, which allow the user to run MRUNOFF at BBN as easily .. Beranek, and Newman (BBN) in Cambridge, Mass.,.using as he might run-BARB at-LBL. The issuance of a few the •PLANET teleconference system developed by the termiiial commands causes an MRUNOFF input file, . ••' Institute for the Future of Menlo Park, California. . stored, at LBL, to be automatically shipped to thev '- . By far the most active conference was that Of the :' BBN computer, processed through MRUNOFF, converted ERDA Investigators panel, which was used by-workers to LBL print format, shipped back to LBL, and. . at seven different installations to prepare a com printed on.LBL's'ASCil line printers. _ t prehensive paper on ERDA networking activities. In >•• Extensive use of computer networks has been this conference more than 1000 messages were ex limited until now to relatively experienced users changed.in the jperiod of a few weeks. who must understand the detailed differences between Another' very-active conference on county- dissimilar computers. The advent of automatic file level data bases, was initiated by Sam Harris of transfer, capabilities will permit widespread use of Brookhaven'National Laboratory, and is scheduled to network capabilities by a larger number of users. •' be published-as a BNL report. This conference, who need not be aware 'of the complicated data manip which was publicized in advance by mail, attracted ulations takuig place. 1 r(R. Allen, D. Austin, D. Hall, S. Furst, D. Jferrill, management by research divisions, resource manage . andV. Sventek)" ment, by the support departments and overall coqrdi- Vnation by; the BudgetOffice. -Both project and re- ! MANAGEMENT INFORNATION SYSTEMS ^Z ' .. source managers, may enter and store plan data about • allocation, and scheduling.of resources to projects. • REGIONAL AUTOIOTION SYSTEM _ The. accounting data,, obtained from Data Processing The^, Regional Automation System (RAS}- study, is Services at Livermore,.are entered into the system a comprehensive evaluation of the management infor for monitoring against the managers' plan data, as mation system .utilized by regional and national .... well, as for providing interactive access, and there- . • offices of the Department of Labor for tracking em-. by minimizing the need for printed reports. „ ployment and training programs, primarily under GETA ••• TheBudget Management System is used by pro (the'Comprehensive Bnployment and Training Act)..The ject and division managers to plan and monitor pro LBl/study focused on operational and managerial de- jects. Duringthis year, the number of users expanded ficiencies, within the-existing RAS procedures. The/ from.about 8 to about 22. Various enhancements were study, which was completed in September 1976, pro,-:';; made to accommodate new needs and the file manage vided a set of detailed alternative plans for the ment procedures were completely revised to handle improvement of RAS, ranging from minor modification the larger numbers. A new interactive facility was of existing operations to replacement of the exist developed- to allow managers to control their own file ing centralized system with a distributed data, base structure, including specification of the budgeted minicomputer network operated from regional offices. groups, account assignments, and report orderings. (P. Chan, F. Gey; D. Kane, and D. Richards) • • In addition, managers are now able to define' their .own.resource line items in terms .of generalized types of expense, and liens are indicated in the expense re BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM ports. The Users' Manual (UCID-3670) was extensively • ' Bibliographic Information System [BJSJ pro Tevised and a Learners'. Guide added. jects are carried out in support of LBL's Informa- The Support Management System was brought in • , tion Research Group (IRG), Library, and Technical to &"".. production use for resource management by the Information Division. The IRG's selective dissem- support departments of the Engineering and Technical • ination of information system was maintained, im- - / Services Division. •> The data aggregation and report proved, and generalized to conform with changing in- generation programs were developed,' and a' backup tape was added to the file .management procedures. The _ put, programmatic requirements, and operating sys- : < stems. Support of the ISC effort also involved re- managers can restructure the file's groups, account "search in the 'area of data-base evaluation, compar assignments, and report selection and ordering. ison,' and mapping. The Budget Office uses the SKED9Z system for , •!' ^'' overall coordination of the Laboratory's fiscal re The needs of the library and Technical Iafo- quirements. This was modified to accommodate budget T • -nation Division are being served by the Reports 1s- ary changes, methods of reporting, and reorganiza , sued Systems _(RIS) projects. When ready, RIS will tion of accounts by code, division, or program: An ". replace the current system for handling LBL reports. interactive system was developed to greatly facil itate the editing of the coordination datai ' T ' RIS will "use the IRATE, system as well as standard terminals for input, a lZ-bit version of -BDMS for In addition to these three continuing systems, data^management, and interactive terminals, standard a major effort was undertaken to interface the ac " *'j COM, 'and OFTIK for output. counting data to CPMG, a critical path method sched '" ". 'CS. SoreLJ}' " . * uling system. This involved not only monthly data at the sub-account level, but also weekly data at the " '- FISCAL-I%UWGEMENT SYSTEMS '• job-order level. Procedures, programs, and access 1 ', , Work continued on three separate systems modules were developed to select,, store, and supply serving the three management orientations—project these data as well as aggregation specifications. Routines -were developed to prepare data for the for analysis, and an in-house updating capability. Qwick Orrery general purpose report generator and for (S. Buckman, P. Chan, D;' Kane, D. Richards, and - the CHART general purpose plotting program. C. Ward) .'.'•-," There was a variety of developments in the area of general operations.,.'.BROWSE, a general pur SYSTEMS FOR TOE DIRECTOR'S OFFICE pose interactive information retrieval system was An interactive system was developed for man completed and documented CLBL-6104). A wide variety aging data pertaining to foreign travel. Features, of accounting data bases was implemented for BROWSE-- of this system include template-type prompting for the detail ledger, time cards and other-effort ac update and input, formatted data display, control counting, computer usage, purchase order commitments, lists for input validation, and a facility to permit . stores issues, and job orders. Programs were devel truncated searches. A system was also developed for oped to accumulate individual employee effort re use in interactively maintaining a data base from charges from month to month. All report generation which several differentlists of mailing labels can •was transferred to the CDC-7600 machine to tree the be produced. Its main features parallel those of •- CDC-6000's for interactive use. And a small data the foreign travel system; but it will eventually base facility-was set up for the Protective Services also generate .upper and lower case output. department to keep track of card keys.•'••• CD. Kane arid S. Sorell) , ; ." Design was begun for an integrated fiscal management system. (N. Brown, D. Kare, A.'Kenney, and D. Scherrer) ERWSAN MIS STUDY. A study was conducted of management, informa- •"'• tion requirements for the San Francisco Operations SPACE UTILIZATION SYSTEM Office of ERDA. the study derived quantitative es The programs that aid in the analysis of timates of data-base size arid transaction'processing space lrtilization were enhanced to accommodate the load for future management information development .. increase in the Laboratory's workforce,and to pro at SAN. In addition, the study surveyed,strengths vide interactive information retrieval using the and weaknesses of significant data-base management BROWSE, program. Data gathering and data entry tech systems and minicomputer hardware capable of satis niques are being reviewed to provide the dynamic, up- fying SAN management information requirements. to-date, information necessary to manage the space (S. Cassinelli, F. Gey, and B. Tevine) •• . assignments for the' growing laboratory. ' (S. Buckman' and D. Kane) CCWPUTATIONAL PHYSICS AND DATA ANALYSIS...- PERSONNEL SYSTEM -".The .first phase of an IBL-Personnel System CqmRMXEp THERMONUCLEAR REACTOR (CTR) ;'* was developed utilizing the Personnel Payroll Master - ATOMIC BfeAM SIMULATIONS. /Computer taicuia- Tape which: -is; prepared at Livermore; ,v This ;",tape is - tions were performed-with the EGUN code to simulate received twice a month:at;.Berkeley,: encrypted, and . the operation of an atomic and molecular beam device "stored on the:data cell.. • Information" retrieval is for experimental determination of the factors in- made available, through access, codes", to the Person^ flueiitial in the,production of negative ions in,'.-, nel Department, the Affirmative:Action Department;,';;. atonic collisions. . The eleGtrode structure and po and to the Division. Two retrieval methods: are sup^ tentials were- determined for the propagation and'. . ported: batch process report generation through' ,' focusing of"the H(-) ions. The acceptance of the QWICK'QWERY and interactive information selection mass-spectrometer and its dependence on the geometry . through BROWSE. The second phase of the system;' ,and potentials of the system were.determined. - ,:. which is presently, under way, will provide both a Application, of the WOLF program was made to • '- database structure, to accommodate historical data determine the' low energy ion-beam acceptance "in.a. -. :, .•'•'•'',..••'•• « device of known geometry which serves as a spectrom ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTIVITY ACCELERATOR RING eter of the electrostatic.type. The, potentials of sev (ESCAR) • "ork continues an designing the magnetic eral electrodes were found such that ions-of a:given components of ESCAR (Electron Superconductivity Ac energy were collected oh a detector. The collection celerator Ring) using computer programs such as efficiency was also calculated. TRIM. Modifications made to HUM included a new CA. Pail and L. Soroka) algorithm for handling problems of boundaries at infinity, for the special case of dipole symmetry. NEUTRAL BEAMS SIMULATIONS, The injection of Similar algorithms to incorporate boundaries with high power neutral, beams into fusion devices re general symmetries are in the process of being for quires knowledge of locations of beam loss. A com mulated. , . - plete program was undertaken to evaluate the power (K.-.-Brady) ' density contours for an array of elliptical or rec tangular sources of neutral particles located on a 3D HAGN&nc FIELDS bicylindrical surface. The power loss on elliptical A three-dimensional computer "program for the or reccangular slits,placed symmetrically or asym calculation of magnetic fields has been implemented metrically along the beam line, is determined as are at LBL. This program, railed GFUN30, was written at the transmitted power and power density profiles. the Rutherford High Energy Physics laboratory. (A. Paul) (J. Colonias) . ' , PLASMA SOURCE COMPUTATIONS, A computer model ' HEAVY ION FUSION AND ELECTRON TEST ACCELERATOR of the plasma ion source in neutral beam systems has been developed. The objectives of this effort are Numerical simulation of high current beams (1) to provide certain calculated plasma parameters, continues in support of the LBL Heavy Ion Fusion very difficult to measure experimentally, as input (HIF) program and the I1L Electron Test Acclerator for the WOLF program (used for optimization of the (STA). Application of EOT and TRANSPORT has been ion accelerating structure); and *(Z) to provide a made to the study of high current beam propagation solid theoretical basis for optimization of the per down a round pipe surrounded by a solenoidal mag- *~ formance of the plasma ion source. The model is an netic field whose profile is chosen to prevent beam extension of work by Self, and includes recycling breakup. The electron beam is very relativistic of ions and neutrals at the walls. The problem is and space charge must be included. Acceleration assumed to be one-dimensional. After simultaneous cavities are placed along, the device to increase the solution of the equations of motion fjr ions, Pois- beam energy. This problem possesses axial symmetry son' s equation, and the local ionization rate and has been modeled with both TRANSPORT and the equation with particle conservation, the model pro EGUN code. The simulation has also been done with vides a calculated potential distribution through the TRANSPORT program for both solenoidal. and quad- v the plasma, the self-consistent electron temperature, rupole focusing structures for a uranium beam with and the available ion current density at the wall of out axial symmetry. Development continues on a gen ' the discharge chamber. Useful predictions from the eral 3D orbit code for use in static magnetic fields. i model are already available-.-for instance, the gas This work is an extension of the TRAJ and GOC 3D •• efficiency^ should be improved by making the plasma , programs-which find application in simulation of source deeper, Power balance will be included in particle spectrometers and accelerator magnets of large bore where median plan field expansions are in the model at'a future7 stage m its development to reduce the number of input parameters that has to adequate to represent the field. • be specified from experimental observations and to (A. Paul)' -. -..-*•- ,try to'use the.model to predict the ion temperature . (which presently limits our beam divergence) and the "tm ."ionic composition. Two computer codes were developed to simulate '(C-F. Chan) " a model of the methane formation which occurs-in 65 hydrogen-graphite reaction in the presence of plat storage ring. Having determined the effect of this inum as the catalyst. The model is taking into ac simulation, the beam-beam program PEP was modified count surface diffusion of hydrogen atoms from plat to include this dynamic effect. inum to the graphite surface. One-dimensional and A program, ALIGN, is being developed to simur two-dimensional cases were considered. In one-dimen late misalignment errors and to correct displaced sional cases, an iterative algorithm was designed equilibrium orbits in the PEP storage ring. This is and implemented using the Newton-Raphson method for a modi-lar program that presently contains modules to: solution of one-dimensional ordinary differential • Simulate a misaligned equilibrium orbit equations; of the second order. The Runge-Kutta meth arising from magnet survey error ,_ od was used for integration. To describe the phys • Simulate a measurement of the closed orbit ical situation in two-dimensional cases, one had to • Perform a harmonic analysis of the orbit - solve a system of the two coupled ordinary differen • Correct the displaced orbit by calculating • tial equations of the second order. correction magnetic strengths necessary to (L. Sorokaj eliminate the unwanted harmonics or exces sive closed orbit displacements. ISOTOPE SEPARATION Design of an accel-decel extraction for use in The program SYNCH is a .large multi-purpose an atomic-yapor, laser isotope-separation, system was system for design of synchrotrons and analysis of completed on the basis of the computer simulations orbit properties, which was written originally in • using the WOLF code. the' 1960s and has been expanded from time to time A suitable electrode geometry, set of poten for different applications. Because of the PEP pro tials, as well as proper plasma location within the ject, additions relevant to electron storage rings electrode system were determined for necessary dis.- have been made in collaboration with A., Garren. crimination between thermally-generated ions from Facilities added recently include: the uranium oven and the laser-produced plasma. (A. Paul and L. Soroka) • Computation of closed orbits, emittances, and damping rates in a ring with misaligned PEP/SPEAR magnets • Computation of efi'ects of wiggler magnets The LBL/SLAC design for the PEP storage ring and certain nonlinear elements on the beam is reaching" its final design stage. The use of • Improvements in the description of the mag magneto-static computer programs such as. POISS0N net lattice in the input language have contributed to the design of the optimum shape • Introduction of a general fitting facility of the pole face for the quadrupole magnets of this machine. Program SUPERFISH, applied to find the Since the program is used at other laborato-; resonant frequencies of cavities, contributed to the ries, considerable effort has been made to provide • design of the cavities. them with up-to-date versions. For example, large Several modifications to the matrix type, ion changes were required for SLAC's IBM computer be optic program TRANSPORT were made to directly calcu cause the input language of SYNCH is character-, late surveyor coordinates for all magnets on the POP oriented; the previous IBM version is about 9 years injection line, Additionally, CALCCMP plotting was * old. For CERN, and for future use at LBL, the pro- made available, perturbation analysis is now performed g^am was adapted from the RUN76 to the- FIN4 compiler. . automatically, and long linacs can bo simulatei! di CV. Brady, E. Close, A. Kenney, and A. Paul]. \ rectly. The number of data elements has been in creased to 900. TOKAMAK FUSION TEST REACTOR (TFTR)'•'•'" ' - Studies to simulate beam-beam interactions were TFTR studies were carried out for the design carried out, particularly to investigate the dynamic ed the extracting accelerating-focusing grid struc beam envelope of two colliding beams in the SPEAR ture of the plasma ion source. The code WOLF was used for the minimization of the outgoing beam angu Work was done for the Bevatron Backward Inelas lar divergence by arranging (automatically) the op tic Scattering experiment, and the TST (Track Sensi timal shape of the grids, the potential'loads, and tive Targetl eAponment in the1 Rutherford Laboratory' the ion current density. In particular, a major Hydrogen Bubble Chamber. Maintenance arid develop effort was made in the design study of the 120-l.V ment were also continued on*TVGP (Three View Geometry source for the Princeton TOKAMAK Fusion Test Reactor. Program for reconstructing bubble chamber tracks), . {C-F. Chan) SQUAW (Kinematic Fitting program'for testing bubbie . - #* chamber reaction hypothesis), and APACHE. (Streamer Chamber Vertex Finding rSrogram)." Small programs and TORODIAL MAGNETIC CUSP CTORMftG) subroutines were written (1) to modify the format of Computational support for TORMAC (LBL's Toro- data; (2) for physicists in™the group or at other . dial Magnetic Cusp Plasma Containment device) con laboratories; (3) to dear with new blocks of data tinues with the implementation'of a series of codes through the system of programs; and (4) to be used for computer reconstruction of the light intensity by physicists in conjunction with their ERGON anal and spectral line width as spatial functions using ysis programs. atomic spectral Tadiation data from TORMACOIV plasma. (H. Albrecht, W. Michael, and V. Morgan) 3D-plots of time series of the reconstructed spatial functions of the light intensity of the He SPEAR HARK II DRIFT CHAMBER II 4686 A line i>ere used to produce the computer movie "Plasma Containment in TORMAC." This movie Programs under development take drift-chamber was shown at the Annual APS Plasma Division Meeting ionization signals corresponding to e(-)e(+) annihi during, the presentation of the invited paper by the lation events and reconstruct these events in three- "principal investigator of the 2DIWC proipct, M. dimensional space. The detector consists of concen Levine. tric cylindncallayers of.drift chamber cells. (L. Soroka) Each charged particle from'an event triggers a se- . quence of these cells, and the distance from the i • r particle orbit to a sense wire in each excited cell COBWEB AND OTHER ELY GROUP SUPPORT is measured by recording the ion drift time. Data A new scanning and measuring system was added for one event are a set of numbers, each containing to the COBWEB system. Tils system,_CICERO(l), is a chamber layer, wiie number, and drift time. designed to facilitate the scanning and measuring of The programs ORBIT, ARCS, and VTX first organ film from the large volume bubble chambers now in ize these data into tracks by exploiting correla operation. To accomplish this,anSP58 digitizing tions m curvature and position, then resolve the scan table was put on-line to the IBM-70-4. This inherent left-right ambiguities which result from scan table has dual magnification and provides the drift-time measurements, fit these tracks indi precision digitizations to serve as guidance points vidually fio orbits in three-dimensional space, to the,measurer at the Franfckenstein. At the < allowing for variations in magnetic field and other Franckenstein, the cross hair is driven to within perturbations, and finally fit these tracks.collec 5 ym of the tracks to be measured,, thereby reliev tively to a vertex constrained; to lie in the beam- ing the measurer of*scanning responsibilities. beam interaction region. Development has been done • -This system is now in production and further refine primarily on the LBL computers, but the programs ments are being implemented. < > also operate on the SLAG triplex and on a variety of Effort was spent on the maintenance and devel on-line computers. Target data for completion is , opment of ERGON, a'data t summary and display system November'1977. for high-energy physics/da^a analysis. ERGON per In addition to this effort, the'usual support forms many statistical and summary operations, and has been maintained for the Goldhaber-Trilling provides a varietyof display options. physics groups, and improvements have been made to 67 the display program KIOWA which make this program MftTHEMCTICAL MIDEUNG faster and more versatile. (P. Cook and A. Johnson) OPTIMIZATION LINEAR PROGRAMMING. During the year, testing COMPUTATIONAL ASSISTANCE TO NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY and modification continued' on the GIMPS linear pro A program to plot statistical quantities, for gramming package, which is used'both by local users example, moment of inertia, magnetic, moment, energy and those at remote sites (PNL, BNL, ANL) to solve versus angular momentum from; theory for three paired a variety of problems'. The files were reorganized nuclei, was finished. All quantities were displayed for better access in report writing and interfacing, as functions of neutrons alone, protons alone, and to other programs: Improvements havevbeen made in neutrons and protons together. In .addition, a pro post-optimal processing,: and same problems" of scal gram to allow a user to make lin-lin, log-lin, lin- ing and tolerances have been investigated. Causes log, and log-log Cartesian plots was finished. Con of reduction in speed have been determined and ap sulting and general programming assistance, was pro propriate fixes are under way. vided to the Nuclear Theory Group. . The GUMPS code has been used in numerous pro- (T. Clements) jects. For example,' output from GUMPS was used to provide input to the CARTE program for graphical • HB program was.revised with a new slide-line algorithm COMPUTER ASSISTED PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGE which, models the interaction between materials and MENT- WITH GRAPHICS. The CFMG program is intended to siide line^imich more accurately and broadens the be used as an aid to management .and project, coordi class of problems for which the program is suited. nators. From the detailed information about the The first draft 'of a program manual has also been many activities-that comprise a project, the CPMG prepared and is being readied for publication. code can provide the project planner with summarized Future plans include implementation of: tables and graphs that make the project as a whole 1. A set of options for boundary conditions comprehensible. Thus, areas of potential difficulty, for UPRIGHT and INVERTED slide line prob such as schedules that cannot be met or over- lems allocation of resources (staff or capital), can be • Z. "Void opening" and "void-closing" algo identified early in the planning stage. The pro- - rithms that will enhance further the grams provide easy update capabilities to facilitate capabilities of the program , the incorporation of better data as the project pro gresses and give the manager many options to inter 3. "REZONTNG" and DEZONDJG", algorithms that actively explore-facets of the "what if ..." ques- . wili allow the use of different mesh size tidhs that occur during planning. at different parts of a slide tine 4. Graphic capabilities to prepare 16-mm Efforts to date have emphasized developing a movies or CALCOMP plots. system capable of efficiently handling large pro (J. Colonias; P. Iqbal, and D. Soroka) jects and of providing interactive facilities. Data 68 organisation and critical path identification fea parameters have default values reflecting tures have been developed, and information can be state-of-the-art design so the user may design a requested, sorted, and„displayed in many forms and plant with a minimum amount of input data. with various levels of detail. The user selection (R. Healey) * of output has been greatly enhanced by tile addition of three sort keys for plots and lists. Specifica PHHWNNG WNGflW^RESEftKH tion of hourly, weekly, or monthly salary rates for each craft code has been used to provide manpower In response to growing interest in the effect costs which may nnw be combined in various ways with of programming language characteristics oh the costs thet two types of capital expenditures. Input for of software development and maintenance, more active both the interactive and batch versions has been participation in national and international language simplified. Some restructuring of the code has been standardization was undertaken. This included for- done in experiments on the Mad Comp. Ihe unfinished ral membership on the American National Standards programs have already been used in planning several Fortran Committee (X3J3) and election as a member of multimillion dollar projects-PEP, HILAC Improvements, the United States delegation to the International *and TFTR Prototype Beam Line—as well as somewhat Standards Organization. Results of this participa smaller, projects such as the'lSO WNeutral Beam Test tion included adoption of modern control structures Facility and Biomed Cave 1. ' (IF-THEN-ELSE) lii Fortran, development of file con- • (R. Hinkins, P. Iqbal, and S. Khif) cepts, and completion of a revised Fortran standard proposal for further processing as an American INTERACTIVE THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHICS FOR National Standard and as a basis for international SAP IV, The three-dimensional display of solutions standardization. tb structural analysis problems has been made avail Publication of the Fortran Development News able on the LBL system by converting three LLL pack letter, For-Word, was continued. Four issues total ages: SAMPP, HIDDEN, and PREPOST. SAMPP is a gen ing about 30 pages were distributed to an average of eral routine'for display of three-dimensional, finite 1600 addresses. element models and the results of both static and The LBL Fortran dialect B4TRAN was revised to dynamic analysis. HIDDEN is Michael Archuleta's en incorporate the IF-THEN-ELSE structures of the new hanced implementation of Watkin's,visible surface Fortran. algorithm. PREP(ST converts SAPIV output to SAMPP (L. Meissner) input form. The SAPIV program is already available at LBL for static and dynamic analysis of structural systems. APPLIED mTHEMATICS-RESEARCH - (R. Kinkins and P. Iqbal) Research is carried out in numerical and ap INTERACTIVE INPUT TO GEOTHM. plied mathematics, with special emphasis on elliptic Program GEOTHM is a thermodynamic process pro partial differential equations,, fluid flow and com gram for modeling geothermal.power plants. Previous- bustion, capillary phenomena, and. biomathematics. ** 'ly> input design was strictly batch mode and rather (N. Albright, P. Bernard, N^ Chen, "A/Chorin, P. cumbersome. It is.now possible to input the design Concus, S. Doss, C. Femmbre,''R.Finn, H. Glaz, 0. Hald, I. Karasalo, S.Khif,. R. ;Kung, G. Nooney, 0" using program GEOIY in '.an interactive mode. GEOTY V. Pereyra, W. Proskurowski, C. Risk, A,. Shien, and G. Sod} - checks user input for syntax, validity of data, and completeness of design. The user* than has the option of saving the input data and/or submitting the input J to the 7600 program GEOTHM; GEOTr'-.sets up the control NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS \, •-•-, cards "and disposes the job to the* 7600 input queue. The study of the generalized conjugate gradi-' r At..pr£sent, the program is l'imited to 30 plant el- • ent method in combination with fast direct and other ements and 6 working fluids. All plant element splitting techniques continued. Extensions were 69 made to nonlinear problems,, such as the minimal sur CAPILLARY PHENOMENA face equation, and the method was found to compare Work continued on the capillary free surface- / favorably with other numerical methods for such prob problem and improved analytic estimates for the "- lems, thereby increasing further its area of success- shape of pendent liquid drops weis obtained.. • . ful application. , The stability of capillary surfaces in inver ' Studies continued of the efficient use of fast ted containers was studied for rotationally symmet direct methods for the numerical solution of separa ric cases in which the surface does not include the ble elliptic equationsi on irregular domains. A axis of symmetry. New results were obtained on the,- : - method utilizing the capacitance matrix technique limiting form of the suitable boundary conditions was developed to obtain the first several eigen for neutral stability for perfectly wetting liquids. •. values of the discrete Laplace equation. A method A comparative study of numerical techniques ' for obtaining highly accurate solutions for the for solving the capillary free surface problem, in- Dirichlet problem was developed by combining the cluding*the possibility of corner singularities, usual second order finite difference • scheme with the continued. As part of this study, capillary sur method of deferred corrections, a capacitance matrix faces on elliptical domains were investigated numer technique again being used for solving the resulting ically, and the results were compared with analyt «' -terns of algebraic equations. Implicit variants ical estimates derived previously. of the capacitance matrix technique were used to develop a method, having only minimal computer stor age requirements, that permits efficient solution of BlOHATHEMATICS Helmholtz's equation (in a general plane-bounded re Work was completed on developing and studying gion containing a.ve7y,large number of interior mesh a model of skeletal dynamics. This model, describes points. •• • and simulates the movement of material between blood A dynamic alternating-direction, implicit f and bone, and within bone, under various conditions method has been developed for solving general second- including osseous growth and aging. The'model, order elliptic equations. The method, which relies which uses the density of apatite crystals as an ";_ on aheuristic, automatic choice of accelerationpara- independent variable, enables the study of the re . meters, has been found to be effective for solving tention of ingested radioactive elements, such as. linear equations in two and three dimensions .and has strontium, and allows evaluation of mineral replace been extended to strongly nonlinear equations for ment therapy including the effects of dietary fluo . the two-dimensional case. rine. '. FLUID FLOWAND COMBUSTION MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE AND CONSULTING - Work continued on the development of numerical Improvements and new additions were made to and'statistical techniques for studying compressible, the mathematical software library in the areas of . turbulent flow and turbulent combustion phenomena. the numerical solution of, ordinary and partial dif A coarse graining, method, which represents a sub ferential equations, linear algebra, and optimiza11 , stantial advance over previously"available methods, • , tion. Consulting services.in the above and other, , has been developed:-A new version of the vortex areas of numerical analysis, and in applied maths- method, more accurate any computationally more ef; matics, were provided to LBt staff members-and other • ficient than previous versions, has also been devel- computer center users. The project <*•" naring brief ' oped. These two methods are'being incorporated into tutorial reports covering major are.. jnputa- a computer program that, should provide a reasonable tional. techniques' continued. J '/ model of turbulent? flow'in a cylinder-piston con- ' '.. - .'*•' „-. .'-.'• ..' \.' - - figuration. A random^choice method for handlingthe '•':• BWCATIONAL PROGRAMS AND VISITING STAFF , ' dynamical effects of exothermic.reactions has been .. . . •:•;;• i^_ . developed^.and a compter program based on it his The Computer Science and Applied Mathematics—'- !T^ ,:•'•.- been testedjsuccessfully. '.. .<.•' Department provides supervision of graduate students in the master's and doctoral programs in applied CICERO or The On-Line Scanner and the Guided mathematics and computer science at UCB. Three doc Franckenstein. & Michael, W., Albrecht, H.L., Belknap, L^W., and toral candidates (P. Bernard, S. Doss, and H. Glaz) Low, W. UCID-3B80, December 1976. . Completed their theses in mathematics, and five com Complex Cubic Solids Approximation of Conjugate pleted the master's requirements in computer science Harmonic Functions on Simple Polygonal Domains.,' and engineering CD. Brown, P. Chan, Si Chan, D. Young, Jonathan. Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. 12, No. L LBL-46Z5,~January 1976. Chow, and K.'Halvey). 'IVro professors (A. Chornn, and M. Stonebraker) 'share joint UCB/LBL appointments, Computation of a Flow Matrix for 1972.. Schroeder, E. and Rudennan, H.', UCID-3844, providing a rich exchange of ideas and experience. April 1976. i / Computer Networking in the Physical Sciences. Austin, Donald H. Presented at the EDUCOM, Fall This yeaT our staff includes several post 1976 Conference, November 10, 1976, LBL-5594, doctoral appointees and visitors who are contrib 1976. uting extensively to computer science and applied Computer Science Research in Resource Sharing Over mathematics research projects. They are N. Chen, Networks. Austin, Donald and Hall, Dennis. Selected Exam R. Finn, 0. Hald, 1. Karasalo, F. Mar chat, F. ples of ERDA Research in the Mathematical and ' Montalvo, vV'Pereyes, W. Proskurowski, and C. Risk. Computer Sciences, edited by M.E. Rose, ERBA-76- 118, August 1976. LBL's unique facilities and expertise pro-vide an ex cellent training milieu, and this program is expect Data Exchanges Between ERDA National Laboratories. Merrill, Deane. UCID-3828, August 1976. . ed to grow in the,future. The Department sponsors a weekly Computer The Design and Implementation of INGRES. * Stonebraker, Michael, Wong, Eugene, Kreps,Peter, Science colloquium, a monthly Applied Mathematics and Held, Gerald. ACM Transactions on Database seminar, and the annual Berkeley Workshop on Dis Systems, Vol. 1, No. 3, 189-2??. September 1976. tributed Data Management and Computer Networks. The Economic Impacts of Watei ^. .iiments in .the Central Lahonton Region of Nevada. Schroeder, E., UCID-3852, April 1976. 1976 PUBLICATIONS: COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLIED ITATHEMATICS. Employment Information System Research Project: Report of First Year Activities. Gey, Frederic, et al. LBL-4664, 1976. -Access to the Army Corps -of Engineers Endangered Species Data Base. ERDA Inter-Laboratory Working Group for Data Miller, J., UCID-3841, 1976. Exchange. Merrill, D. and Austin, D. (IW3DE) Annual Report Architecture of Data Base Oriented Systems. ~~ for FY76, LBL-53Z9, July 1976. ' Baskin, H., Holmes, H., Freitas, R., Stoffel, P., in Proceedings of the Berkeley Workshop on Dis ESARS Retrieval Technical Documentation-Version 4. tributed Data Management and Computer Networks. Heckman, Bradford and Gee, Wen-Sue,- Online . LBL-5315, "June 1976. documentation at LBL, UCID-3814, July 1976. , , - - "i. ESTICS: Employment Security Table Independent Cell -The Ardie Computer Typesetting System. System. Miller, J., UGID-3H40, 1976. Heckman, Bradford. Online documentation at LBL, Automated Counting of Cell Clones: A Progress UCID-3876, November 1976. Report. * > White, Howard, LBL-4674, June 1976. Evaluation of High Power Neutral Beam Energy Deposition. The. Berkeley Data Base Management^System-User's Paul, A.C., UCID-3827, May 1976;• . Manual. , « > ', .Ricterds,'David R., LBL-4683, 1976. Evidence for Parity Nonconservation in the Decays r. of the Narrow States Near 1.87 GeV/cC2j. "_ Calculation of Magnetic Fields for Engineering Johnson, A.D. et al., LBL-S5J1, 1976. Devices. -. •. Colonias, John', IEEE International Conference, An Example Concerning the Numerical' Solution of a 1 June 15-18, 1976, LBL-4805, 1976V , Linear System. "' ", i »* ' '' Close, Elon. UCID-3875, October 1976_. 'CHART User's Guide • ' 'Benson,,Williams, Online Documentation at LBL FOR-WORD FORTRAN Development Newsletter. .- • UCEO-3903, November 1976. Meissner, Loren 0. Pub. 91, Vol. 1, • 1976. ••'...- 71 A Generalized Conjugate Gradient Method for Non- Observation in e plus e minus Annihilation of a symmetric Systems of Linear Equations. Narrow State at 1865 MeV/c(2) Decaying to'K Pi and Concus, P. and Golub, G. H. Lecture Notes in K Pi Pi. . . Economics and. Mathematical Systems, Vol. 134, Johnson, A.D. et al. LBL-5309, 1976. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 56-65, 1976. A One-Dimensional Theoretical Model for. the LBL l A Generalized Conjugate Gradient Method for the Neutral Beam Plasma Source.'- : s's* .:•'.'• > Chan, C.F., Burrell, C.F., and Cooper, W.Si 'Numerical Solution of Elliptic Partial Differential : Equations. - - Presented at the 18th Annual Meeting 'of' the Concus, Paul, Golub, Gene, and O'Leary, Diane. Division of Plasma Physics, American. Physical J. Bunch and D. Rose, eds., Sparse Matrix' Society, November 15-18, 1976,-Bull. Am. "Phys. • Computation,' Academic Press, N.Y., pp.' 309-332. Soc. 21, 1031, 1976, LBL-5Z47", 1976. > >•«•••' Orbit Studies for an Isotope Separator.. Soroka, Ludmilla and Paul-, A.C. On -The Height of a Capillary Free Surface. UCIDT3826, 1976. -:,:- ' Concus, P. and Finn, R. Math.. Zeitschrift 147, •pp. 93-95, 1976. ' Proceedings of the Tirst-'Berkeley Workshop oh Distributed Data Management and Computer Netonrks. An Improved Shift Strategy for the. OR-Algorithra Austin, Donald M., Hall, Dennis E., and Richards, for Real Hessenberg Matrices. DavidR. LBL-5315, Jime-1976.. • Karasola, Iikka, LBL-4648, 1976. Professional Levels of Computer Program Interactive "Matrix Displays and Management Infor Documentation. mation Reporting': A 'Feasibility Assessment. . Gey, Frederic. Proceedings of Northwest 76 Kitous', Bernard (Ph.Di Thesis, Graduate School ACM/CIPs Pacific Regional Symposium, Seattle, • of Bus. Admin., UCB,:LBL-5310,> 1976. Wa. LBL-4876, June 24-25, 1976. Interactive Thematic Mapping: A Report. Proposal for a Network INGRES. Wood, Peter. LBL-5362, August 1976. Stohebraker, Michael;' In Proceedings of the Berkeley Workshop on Distributed Data Management ' . . ' / . / and Computer Networks, LBL-5315, June 1976. INTERAC: Interactive Access to Files. Heckman, Bradford and Healey, Robert. Online Proposed Control Structures for Extended FORTRAN. .. documentation at LBL, UCID-3819, November 1976. •• Meissner, Lor'en P. SIGPLAN Notices., Vol. II, An Introduction to the ARPA Network -Abstract. No. 1, p..-16, January 1976. ' Hall, Dennis^ LBL-5360,"August 1976. PUB: A LBL SEEDIS Interactive Sub-System. LBL Interactive Resource Index (LBLIRI). Heckman, Bradford and Kreps, Peter. Merrill, Deane and Burkhart, Bruce R. UCID-3833, Online documentation at LBL, UCID-3870, Revised June 4, 1976. October 1976. A List of Inferences for LBL SEEDIS. Random Choice Methods with Applications to Merrill, Deane. On-line documentation at LBL, Reacting Gas Flow. UCID-3616- Chorin, Alexandre, LBL-5557, 1976. A Reference.Guide to Input-Output Models and Mathematical and Computational Studies of Related Data at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Equilibrium Capillary Free Surfaces. Schroeder, E. UCID-3836, April 1976. 'Chen, N.F., Concus, P., and Finn, R. Interim report, UCID-3832, 1976. Regional Automation System Summary Report. Gey, Fred and Chan, Paul. Special report.to the More on the Pendent Water Drop". Comptroller, U.S. Department of Labor, LBL-6i59 Concus, P. and Film, R. LBL-4649 Suppl., 1976. September 1976. Numerical and Analytical Study of Anomalous RELAP4 = An Overview. .'.. •- Propagation of Electrical Impulses in Damaged Colonias, John S. UCID-3881, December 1976. '. Heart Fibers. "... .•_•' Miller, R., LBL-4657, 1976. ••'--' •' Representation of Hiefarchically Structured Data in The Proposed EEDA Exchange Standard. Richards, David R. In Proceedings- of the- On Numerical Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem Berkeley, Workshop on Distributed Data Manage of the Laplace Operator by a Capacitance Matrix ment and Computer Networks, LBL-S315, June 1976. ' Method. ' ,-'. ' ..•;'•. ProsKuhowski, W., LBt-5396; September 1976. .,. The Shape of a' Pendent Water Drop. Concus, Paul and Finn,' Robert. LBL-4649, January 1976- ' ' ODservatioh'bf a Narrow Charged State at 1876 •* MeV/c(2) Decaying to an "Exotic Combination of A Simple Implementation Strategy for the ARPA KPi Pi.''.-..",. ... Network Graphics Protocol. •Johnson, A.D. et al. LBL-5340, 1976. Holmes, Harvard. In Proceedings of the Berkeley Workshop on Distributed Data Management and August 17-20, 1976,' L3L-5364, August 1976. Computer Networks, LBL-5315, June 1976. Theory of the Ion Source of the Neutral Beam SIRAP Data Display and Mapping Facilities. Injection for. CTR Programs. Miller, J., UCID-3842, 1976. Chan', Chun Fai, LBL-5314, 1976. Status Report on ERDA Networking Experiments. Trajectoty and Acceptance Calculations for Atomic Austin, Donald M. and Hall, Dennis E. Beam Apparatus.- • ,. .. UCID-3817, 1976. . . _ " Soroka,'Ludmilla and Paul, A.C. ( ' UCID-3860, August 1976. Sufficient Conditions for Stability of Axisymmetric, Annular Liquid Interfaces. User's Guide for LBL Interactive Resource' Index Karasalo, I. LBL-4898, 1976, J. Rat. Mech. Anaj. CLBLIRI]. (to appear). Merrill, Deane and Burkhart, Bruce R. . ' A Summary of Findings of the ERDA Network Investi Online documentation at LBL, LBL-5330, June 22, . r gators Panel. 1976, revised December 1976. ' Hall, Dennis E. anfl Austin, Donald M. LBL-53Z2, June 1976. A User's Guide to Input-Output Tables and Related Data at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Tests on Large Diameter Supei conducting Solenoids Schroeder, E. UCIDT3845, April 1976. Designed for Colliding Beam Accelerators. ; Michael, W.B. et al. Presented at the Applied WOLF, A Computer ion Beam-Simulation Package. , Superconductivity Conference, Stanford Univ., Paul, A.C. LBL-5373, August 1976. < CSAM ABBREVIATIONS ABAG Association of Bay Area Govern- CETA Comprehensive Employment.and • ' ' ments Training Act AES . ; Administration for Environment CHART • An interactive analysis -and dis ' and Safety play program for tabular data,. ALIGN Modular simulation and correc CICERO A scanning and measuring system tion program : ., for the COBWEB system ANL Argbnne National Laboratory COBWEB A computer-controlled, bubble chamber measuring system ANSI. American National Standards Institute COENDA County Energy Data-Base APACHE Streamer,chamber vertex finding COM Computer Output Microfilm program . CPI Consumer Price, Index .APPAR Data base developed by Systems Sciences, Inc. CPMG Computer Assisted Project Plan ning and Management with Graphics AQCR Air Quality Control Regions CPS Current Population Survey ARCS SPEAR MARK II drift chamber ; program CPU Central processing unit ARPANET Advanced Research Project:! CSAM Computer Science and Applied / Agency Computer Network Mathematics (international) CTR . Controlled Thermonuclear Reaction. -ASCII American Standard Code for Information' Interchange CUPID A high-level graphics query language for INGRES A5T0G General purpose photo composi- • tiori system CWHS Continuous Work Histroy Sample BARB.i Document preparation program Data Base A collection of any computer- .. accessible information BBN Bolt, Berenek,and Newman DCN Distributed Computer Network BCPL Basic Command Programming project Language DDL Data-Base Definition Language BDMS Berkeley Data-Base Management System DEC Digital Equipment Corporation "* BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis • DECNET DEC Network subsystem " BG/ED Census Block Group/Enumeration DOIT General command language inter District preter ' BIS Bibliographic Information System DOL-ETA • Department of Labor-Employment and Training Administration . BNL. Brobkhaven National Laboratory EGUN Electron trajectory program .' =BROWSE Interactive'Information ''. retrieval system • EIS Environmental Information Systems B4TRN LBL Fortran dialect program ERDA -. EnergV Research, and Development Administration" r, CARTE .-.'• LBL Thematic Mapping System ', ERGON A data .summary :and-display sys- CCD Census'County Division .; " . tern:.;. ""/ : -. .' • ' ..': •" CDC ,.-.•.. Control,Data Corppratipii ESARS . Employment Security, Automated ;" -.'-. ^Reporting System> CERCDC California Energy, Resources Conservation and Development • ESCAR Experimental Superconducting ••;.'•:•.'••'..• Commission .• IT .•>•••"-v.*'.-'• '• Accelerator Ring.: ;_ '-?\i 73 74 CSAM Abbreviations (continued) ESTICS. Employment Security Table' t^ MAPEDIT • System for automatic map digiti Independent Cell Structure zation ' ETA Electron Test Accelerator .• > ."MATBOARD; An interactive analysis program designed for managers Flexible Data Management-System, FDMF Facility K-l'.;. ; MCD" "•"'- Minor Civil'Division' Federal Information Processing. MED-X Master Enumeration District list, FIPS Standard "' .extended A FORTRAN comoiler, the primary MIS ;; Management Information System- FTfH one at the Computer Center i^ -1 MIT-LNS Massachusetts Institute of Tech File Transfer Protocol nology-Laboratory for Nuclear , FTP Science GBF-DIME Geographic Base File-Dual Independent Map Encoding MONITOR Executive"'system GEOTHM Thermodynamic process program MRUNGFF Document preparation program for modeling geothermal power plants MSS. Mass Storage System _ '' GEOTY Interactive program for input to MTC Metropolitan Transportation GEOTHM • Commission GFUN3D Three-dimensional magnetic field ' NASN National Aerometric Surveillance calculation program / Network , GISFILE Integrated comprehensive data NBTF '•' Neutral Beam Test Facility base NCHS National Center for Health. GLEF Geothermal Loop Experimental Statistics Facility *:.;, NEDS National Emmissions Data Source GUMPS A linear programming system with parametric capability NTIS •'• National Technical Information •Service HEMP Hydro Elastic Magnetic Plastic j program NYU " .NewYork University. ; «=-• . - HIF Heavy Ion Tusion program. -'" OETIK Off-line Photocomposition of Text •. . HILAC Heavy Ion Linear -Accelerator. from the IRATE Keyboard ,ORBIT . SPEAR MARK II Drift Chamber pro , IDDS • Integrated Data Display Systems : gram . " . '• '' . INGRES A relational data-base management ORNL' •'>' Oak Ridge.National Laboratory sjys tern PARAP Population-at-Risk to Air .INTERAC Hierarchical File Management '•'•'.- Pollution data base - , System PDG Particle Data Group _ IRATB _«A-special text editing system PEP Positron-Electron Project ; IRG J • LBL's Information Research Group PICASSO A general, interactive, graphics IWGDE **' Interlaboratory Working Group modeling program for "Data" Exchange <* . PLANET2 Teleconferencing system by the ' _ KIOVTA Physics display'program Institute for the Future„-: LANDSAT Data utilized by the Land Use . PNL . Pacific Northwest Laboratory J Project' '' - , POISSON Magneto-static program j ..- i ' - - LBLIKI f LBL Interactive Resource Index POLYVRT A conversation program between LMPM ' " i» * ' •'' different cartographic data Labor Jlarket Projection Model structures 75 CSAM Abbreviations (continued) PSS Program Storage system SQUAW A kinematic fitting program for SPEAR QWICK QWERY A generalized retrieval and report generating system SRL Savannah River Laboratory RAS Regional Automation System STOFI Data management system REAP Interactive retrieval system SUPERFISH A program for calculating*the for SEEDIS data radio frequency of a cavity RFP Request for proposal SURE Sulfate Regional Experiment RHEL Rutherford High Energy SYMAP . Printer-plot mapping program Laboratory SYNCH Synchrotron and orbit properties system RIS •' Reports Issued System SYSTEM 2000 (S2K} A commercial data manage RJE Remote Job Entry system ment system RMIS Regional Management Information TELNET Virtual terminal protocol for SAP IV SysteStructurm e Analysi- s Program ARPANET SAROAD Storeage and Retrieval of Aero- TFTR TOKAMAK Fusion Test Reactor study metric Data TOKAMAK The Princeton TOKAMAK Fusion Test SCOPE A standard CDC operating system Reactor for 6600 and 7600 computers TORMAC LBL fusion project SEEDIS Socio-Economic-Environmental7- Demographic Information System TRANSPORT Space-charge code SESA State Employment Security Agen TRIM Two-dimensional magnetostatic . computer program cies TST Track Sensitive Target SIC • Standard Industry Code TVGP Three-view 'Geometry Physics SIRAP System of Information Retrieval Program . and Analysis for Planners UCLA University of California at Los Angeles SKED92 System for budget coordination VFB . Video Frame Buffer SLAC Stanford Linear Accelerator Center VTX SPEAR MARK II Drift Chamber SMSA Standard Metropolitan Statis program tical Area WDB2 ' World Data Bank II S.NOBOL A programming language WOLF Ion source program SP5B Bubble chamber film scan table .'ZING Map editing program "SPEAR Colliding beam machine '•• fw* " .J- rUb* «*& , fc A i;C/f" '*-j "JI^ \ \ '.visualisation 'of Computer Center work flow , , »-•-, ; i££kC&r. •' * "" ' 'III hMMiiiiMitiimMni itf r11 i 4. COMPUTER CENTER The principal responsibility of the Computer much less cost than its IBM counterpart, until quite Center is to provide^large-scale computational sup recently the benefits of this development have been port to LBL's scientific programs. This includes denied to users-of Control Data computers. (IBM- providing access to an extremely powerful computer compatible peripherals are not CDC-compatible.) In (a CDC 76005, to a very large mass storage system" 1976 LBL.completed the development of a CDC/IBM (an IBM Photodigital Store, containing 3X10 bits Channel Adapter/which allows IBM-compatible devices of on-line storage], and to a complete-selection of to be used with CDC computers. It is now beiiigused peripheral devices. Large numbers of jobs are pro to simplify collaboration with SLAC by allowing the cessed (more than a million in 1976) with excellent - exchange of IBM-cdmpatibie, 6250 bpi tapes. (More turnaround (about 70 percent completed within 20 than 300 tapes were transferred in 1976 with'no un min). recoverable errors.) The adapter is expected to see A comprehensive set of interactive facilities wider use in the future on disk systems and mass;- is offered, including text editing, document prep storage systems. aration, program preparation andsubmission, several interactive graphics subsystems, and the ability to . PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT interact with any job running on the "front-end" (CDC 6600 and 6400) computers. LBL is also a node The major 7600-improvement program begun in on the .ARPANET, which links more than 100 computer 1974 was completed in-late 1976, bringing an in centers (some of them overseas), together. The net crease of 20 percent in throughput capacity to the work carries both interactive and batch traffic be system. The major visible element'was an increase tween LBL and other centers. Ancillary services in multiprogramming capability (the ability of the provided include a professional consultants' service, system to work on different aspects of several jobs on-line user documentation of the entire system, and simultaneously) from two to six jobs. Performance a wide range of standard products and libraries. measurement instrumentation, which allows dynamic In accordance with the Federal Economy Act, monitoring of the system, was provided for the 7600. LBL makes its excess computing capacity available to A program of improvement in peripheral hardware, other ERDA laboratories and contractors. The most- partially based on the newly accessible IBM-plug- significant single outside user at year-end was the compatible equipment, was begun.. Computer Center National Magnetic Fusion Energy program, which re staff participated energetically in several forums ceived 22 hr/wk of block-time during November and devoted to this subject, including the annual con December. In addition, many university physics ferences of CPEUG (Computer Performance Evaluation groups found remote use of LBL's Computer Center to Users Group) and CMG (Computer Measurement Group). be convenient and economical. In addition to the normal support tasks, the PEPNCT Computer Center maintains a number of development A new project, PEPNET, which will strengthen efforts in both hardware and software.• the ties between LBL and SLAC, was begun. Two links will be provided: one between LBL and the PEP ex 'CDC/IBM CHANNEL ADAPTER perimental areas, the other between LBL and SLAC's One of the major trends in the world of com computer complex. (The existing microwave iink wilj. puting in the past few years has been the emergence be used as the transmission'medium.) Between the of the "plug-compatible peripheral device," a device two, together with the communications facilities at which is designed to operate with an IBM computer at . SLAC, a scientist at either site will have access to 80 Channel adapter that allows use of IBM equipment with a Control Data computer. ^ 7 I • * J*> «• I ^ all the capabilities and amenities of both sites. THE INFLATION FIGHTERS The amount of program conversion which would other A new charging algorithm, providing an effec wise have to be done should be at least halved. tive rate ^lecrease of about 17 percent was adopted PEPNBT is now being designed, in consultation with at year-end. ' the experimental physics comnunity, and will be oper ational in FY79. 1976 PUBLICATIONS: COMPUTER CENTER MASS STORAGE A Comparison of FTN and Fortran H Extended. The Computer Center learned in 1976 that the . Stevens, D. F., June 1976, CERN/DD/US/3. backbone of its mass storage system,- the IBM 1360 Photodigital Store, will not be supported by the The Computer User's Guide, DATAMATION. manufacturer beyond the end of FY79. Consequently, Stevens, D.F., June 1976. design has begun on a system that will not only re- ,place the current system but will also remove some The Computing Unit: A Measure of Total Computer Utilization. of its limitations. In particular, it will provide Stevens, D.F. and White, H.S., December 1976, simultaneous access for both reading and writing of LBL-5561. the store for several jobs, and will be accessible from all of the Centers major computers. (The A Functional Specification for the BKY IBM Adaptor. Fink, R. L. and Tumey, A.D. March 1976, UCID- present system allows only a single access, and it 3830. must be through one specific computer, the 6600.) An IBM 360/370 Channel for CDC Computers. A USERS INTRODUCTION TO BKY Fink, R. L., September 1976, LBL-5514. A new training course on use of BKY, the ge Introduction to BLIMP: A System Programming Language neric name applied to the systems supported by the ' - for the CDC 6000/7000 CPUs. Computer Center, was completed and given at several Vardas, L., April 1976, LBL-4828. remote user sites. It is the culmination of. a col laboration between the User Services Group and the MICROBUS--A Multiple Microprocessor I/O System. Fink, R. L., Wood, J. D., and Tumey, A.D., U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Davis, California. April 1976, UCID-3843. .MODERN FORTRAN Page CRT- -A Microprocessor-based Full-print Page CRT System. As predicted in last year's Annual Report Fink, R. L., June 1976, UCID-3849. (LBL-5363), FTN4 CCDC's standard FORTRAN compiler) became LBL's principal compiler in fact (i.e.,usage] Post-Mortem Dumps. as^well as intent; by year-end, FTN4 was the most Friedman, R.S., April 1976, LBL-4837. frequently used compiler. (Its predecessor as LBL's most popular compiler, HUN, has not been supported On the Role and Function of a User Support Group. Stevens, D.F., January 1976, CEBN/W/76/1. by the-manufacturer for several years. It still attracts about 30 percent of the usage, however, and A Study of Interactive Terminal Activity. will likely remain in service-for some time to come.)) White, H. S., December 1976, UCID-3879.