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People and things

events have been found. project will be decelerated in Momentum measurements and the PS before being passed to the identification of secondary particles LEAR ring to produce high quality would require the addition of a beams in the 0.1- 2 GeV range. downstream spectrometer. As well The possibilities of such a as being a tailor-made tool for charm new source include low energy parti- physics, LEBC could also go on to cle-antiparticle annihilation — as yet discover evidence for the production a relatively unexplored , the and decay of additional flavours. search for proton-antiproton reso­ nances, and studies on exotic atoms. One immediate objective for LEAR Low energy experiments will be the search for antiproton baryonium states, as the present experimental situation seems to be source confused and contradictory (see page 248). Following the recent workshop on Subsequent LEAR developments low energy antiproton physics at could include a gas jet target, forma­ Karlsruhe (see June issue, tion of antiprotonic atoms in flight, page 148), approval has now been and low energy colliding be,ams of given in principle for the construc­ and antiprotons. However tion at CERN of the first phase of a these must await further technical Low Energy Antiproton Ring improvements. (LEAR). Originating from a paper submit­ Detailed proposals are now to be ted to the 1 977 Serpukhov acceler­ prepared for a stretcher ring as the ator conference, LEAR has been first phase of the project. A second nurtured by many enthusiastic and Lew Kowarski stage using colliding beams could devoted proponents, including Ugo follow later. Gastaldi, Kurt Kilian, Dieter Môhl On 27 July Lew Kowarski a founder LEAR is another outcome of the and Gunther Plass. The hope is that member of CERN and one of its beam cooling technique pioneered the small LEAR ring, with its modest greatest personalities, died at the at CERN. While the success of needs, will go on to produce a rich age of 72. Lew Kowarski became stochastic cooling has enabled the crop of physics results. involved in the first informal discus­ high energy proton-antiproton col­ sions about CERN as a leading liding beam project at the SPS to get scientist in who had already under way in record time, it also an established reputation in the offers the prospect of low energy field of nuclear power. In 1939 he antiproton beams over a thousand had participated with F. Joliot and times more intense than existing H. von Halban in the first experi­ sources, and with momentum reso­ ments to demonstrate fis­ lution and beam stability compara­ sion and nuclear chain reactions. ble to the levels attainable with a With von Halban he took the world's Van der Graaff machine. entire stock of heavy water into The first phase of LEAR will be a England at the beginning of the war stretcher ring to be built in the South to continue research at Cambridge Hall of the CERN 28 GeV Proton where he obtained the first strong Synchrotron (PS). Cooled antiproton evidence for the feasibility of a con­ beams of 3.5 GeV from the Antipro­ trolled . A few years ton Accumulator now under con­ later Kowarski led the construction struction for the SPS proton-anti- of reactors in Canada and in France.

260 CERN Courier September 1979 N. N. Bogolyubov

In 1952 he was chosen as Direc­ Sin-itiro Tomonaga died of esopha­ tor of the Laboratory Group plan­ geal cancer on 8 July. Professor ning the CERN site, administrative Tomonaga was awarded the Nobel methods, finance, workshops, etc. Prize in 1965 together with R. Feyn- and when CERN moved to Geneva man and J. Schwinger for his funda­ in 1954 he became Director of the mental work on quantum Scientific and Technical Services and the theory of the interaction of Division. He decribed these early charged particles with the electro­ years in a CERN report 'An Account magnetic field. He had a distin­ of the Origins and Beginnings of guished career in physics mainly CERNf which remains the most based at Tokyo University. He was complete account of CERNfs early a member of the Japanese Acad­ history. He later led the Data Han­ emy and was awarded the Japanese dling Division, promoting the use Order of Culture. He played an im­ of computers. portant role in establishing the Insti­ Lew Kowarski was an impressive tute for Nuclear Study at Tokyo and character — big in physical stature, the KEK Laboratory where he was gifted with a prodigious memory, a Member of the Board of Council­ clear in thought and articulate in lors. expression. It was very moving that, despite several months of severe illness, he was able to attend the Seventieth birthday ceremony on 23 June to mark the of Bogolyubov 25th Anniversary of the Organiza­ tion he helped to create. Nikolaj Nikolaevitch Bogolyubov, Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and an outstanding theo­ nerstones of current nuclear theory. retical , celebrated his At the beginning of the fifties, 70th birthday on 21 August. he turned his attention to axiomatic Non-linear mechanics, problems formulations of quantum field theo­ of statistical physics, the theory of ry. This work subsequently exerted , quantum field a strong influence on thinking in theory, interac­ physics and it became clear that tion , are but a few of new standards of mathematical the topics linked with the name of support and more convincing Bogolyubov. models would be required to de­ In the theory of imperfect quan­ velop further. tum macrosystems, he introduced N.N. Bogolyubov is also a talented a mathematical scheme (the Bogo­ teacher and organizer. Many well- lyubov transformation) which was known acknowledge him subsequently used to describe the as their mentor with pride and res­ energy spectrum of superf/uid and pect. He established Schools of superconducting systems. A deeper and Non-linear knowledge of superconductivity and Mechanics in Kiev, and Schools of of Fermi systems led Theoretical and Mathematical him to discover a fundamental Physics in Moscow and Dubna. effect — the superfluidity of nuclear He has been presented with many matter — which is one of the cor- awards, including the Lenin Prize and State Prizes in the USSR, the Sin-itiro Tomonaga M. V. Lomonosov Prize and various (Photo S. Kikuchi) international prizes. He is also an

CERN Courier September 1979 261 Some of the Nobel Laureates at this year's Lindau reunion. Left to right, front row: L Esaki, J.S. Schwinger, P. Kapitza, I.M. Frank, behind: W.E. Lamb Jnr, E.P. Wigner, I.I. Rabi, S.C.C. Ting, P.A.M. Dirac, L.V. Kantorovich (Economics, 1975), N.G. Basov, W.H. Brattain.

(Photo W.S. Newman) honorary member of many foreign academies. His creative power con­ tinues to flourish as he enters his seventieth year, and for his many friends, 21 August was a day for celebration.

On people

USA Laboratory Directors: Leon Lederman took over from Phil Livdahl as Director of the Fermi Laboratory on 1 June. He set the pace of his reign of office on the first day with an early morning run around the accelerator ring. Don Kerr has been appointed Director of Los Alamos in succession to . He worked for ten years at Los Alamos on various positions of responsibility until join­ ing the Department of Energy in 1976. His appointment took effect on 1 August. Walter Massey has been appointed Director ofArgon ne in succession tô Bob Sachs and took up his appointment on 9 July. Walter Massey worked at the Labo­ ratory from 1966 to 1968 and was consultant until 1975. He moved to the Laboratory from the position of Dean at Brown University.

Ron Martin has asked to concen­ trate on the heavy ion fusion pro­ gramme at Argon ne, becoming Research Program Manager for Heavy Ion Fusion. Bob Kustom will succeed him as Director of the Accelerator Research Facilities. Another Argonne appointment we missed earlier in the year was that of Bob Diebold as Associate Labo­ ratory Director for High Energy Physics. He succeeded Gerry Smith who has returned to Michigan State University.

1. Rich Muller and daughter.

2. Sir Geoffrey Allen.

262 CERN Courier September 1979 On 9 July, Piotr Kapitza visited CERN on the occasion of his 85th birthday. Seen here raising their glasses to the future are (left to right) CERN Directorate Members Robert Lévy-Mandel and Italo Manne/li, Kapitza and Donald Glaser, who invented the bubble Research Director General Leon Van Hove. chamber technique with work on centimetre Paying tribute to someone whose spans scale models, photographed while visiting the entire history of , CERN the CERN Technology Exhibition in front of Executive Director General John Adams a large picture of the 3.7 m European bubble described Kapitza as a man who combines chamber, BEBC the talents of a scientist with the ingenuity of an engineer. (Photo CERN 36.7.79) (Photo CERN 98.7.79)

the Queen. Sir Geoffrey succeeded their reunions have now grown to Sir Sam Edwards in 1977 and has attract over 20 laureates and 500 been a regular UK delegate at the students and staff from German meetings of the CERN Council. and other European universities. This year's Nobel lecturers in­ Hermann Grunder has received a cluded such 'old-timers' as Paul Humboldt US Scientist Award from Dirac (1933 prize) speaking on the the West German government to variation of the gravitational con­ work at the GSI Laboratory, Darm­ stant, (1963) on stadt, home of the Unilac heavy ion causality, Hannes Alfvén (1970) on linac, for a year. Grunder is asso­ cosmology. Rudolf Môssbauer ciate director of the Accelerator (1961) spoke on stability, and Fusion Research Division at Sam Ting (1976) on and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory new particles, and the 'new boy' of Richard Muller from Berkeley has where he has played a major role the Nobel clan, 85 year-old Piotr received the 1978 Alan I. Waterman in the development of LBL's heavy Kapitza (1978) lectured on high- Award of the National Science ion accelerators. temperature plasmas. Foundation. It carries a grant of Peter Koehler from the Tevatron The trend of physicists towards $50 000 to finance research of his Department at is another other fields was exemplified by choosing over the next three years. recipient of a Humboldt Award. He (1972) talking on the It followed closely another award has moved for a year to the DESY visual cortex, Donald G laser (1960) of $35 000 — the Founder's Prize Laboratory to work on experiments on a physicist's view of biology and of the Texas Instruments Founda­ at the PETRA -positron (1973) on biology and tion. Richard Muller has led a very storage ring. surfaces. inventive and original life in science But even more interesting than following in the footsteps of his Nobel physicists meet these formal lectures were the so­ mentor Luis Alvarez. His contribu­ cial occasions. One evening, in a tions include the new accelerator At the end of June in Linda u, the large hall at long tables each hosted technique of radioactive dating, the island town on Lake Constance, by a laureate, young students met measurement of the earth's Nobel prizewinners met for their the physics élite to chat over Bavar­ through the background annual reunion. This year it was the ian food and drink until some hours radiation and the invention of a turn of the physicists, the three-year later the band and dancing stopped rubber telescope to minimize distor­ cycle covering also medicine and all verbal communications. One tions in astronomical observations. chemistry. The reunions started afternoon was devoted to an ex­ modestly in 1951, when six Nobel tended scientific discussion, and Geoffrey Allen, Chairman of the Prize winners in medicine met aspir­ on the last day there was a steamer Science Research Council in the ing students and researchers. Under trip to Bernadotte's garden island UK, has received a Knighthood from the presidency of Count Bernadotte, of Mainau.

CERN Courier September 1979 263 On 1 June, his first day as Fermilab Director, Leon Lederman set the pace by inviting everyone to join him in a jog around the main ring. More than fifty people took up his invitation.

(Photo Fermilab)

rate will be scaled up to five a /CFA Workshop week. Installation will take place in specially scheduled shutdowns over A second Workshop organized by the next several years. the International Committee for Future Accelerators will be held at PEP progress Les Diablerets in Switzerland from 4 to 10 October. The subject will Our latest news on the construction be 'Accelerator and Detector Possi­ of the Berkeley/Stanford electron- bilities and Limitations'. Sub-groups positron storage ring PEP is that have been set up on Electron-posi­ considerably progress has been tron colliders (convener A.N. Skrin- made on the crucially important r.f. sky). Proton accelerators and pro­ system. All eleven klystrons and ton-antiproton colliders (Lee teng), the twenty-two cavities have been Extraction and external beams (Bas completed, tested and cleared for de Raad), Electron-proton interaction installation. Construction of the regions and experiments (Gus We­ quadrupoles and sextupoles is com­ ber), Experiments at electron-posi­ plete ahead of schedule but various tron and proton-antiproton colliders Acts of God are interfering with (), Deep inelastic exper­ the production of the bending mag­ iments with lepton beams (G Bar- nets. There are no basic problems biellini), Hadron and exper­ but bringing things together on iments at fixed target machines schedule is a struggle. It is still ex­ (Yu.D. Prokoshkin), Detectors and pected that particles will be brought data handling (). On into PEP when the linac comes back 10 October the conveners will pre­ on the air in October. sent the results of their work at an Fermilab Energy Saver open meeting in CERN. Workshop on Neutrino The start of construction of the Bubble Chamber Physics Healthy beams for fusion Fermilab Energy Saver project has at Tevatron Energies now been authorized by the US An important step towards demon­ Department of Energy. The con­ Physicists interested in doing Teva- strating the feasibility of nuclear struction phase is authorized for tron-energy neutrino bubble cham­ fusion using heavy ion beams has $46.6 million of which $12 million ber physics are invited to attend a been taken at the Argon ne Labora­ will be available before 1 October. pair of Workshops to be held this tory with tests on a pre-accelerator The balance of the funding will Fall/Winter. The first Workshop will to produce beams of xenon ions. come over the next two years. be held 29/30 October near Fermi­ Beams of 50 mA of singly Approval for the project had been lab. It is planned to form 'working charged ions at 1.1 MeV have been granted by the US Congress last parties" at this first Workshop who achieved. These early results are December. Since that time the pro­ will report back at a second meeting regarded as showing that the pre- ject has been under intensive tech­ to be held in early January 1980. accelerator is a convincing proto­ nical review both by panels A goal is to prepare a coherent plan type of what will be needed in a appointed from within Fermilab and for upgrading the 15 foot bubble heavy ion fusion reactor. (For more by the Department of Energy. chamber hybrid system which could details on the reactor requirements, Authorization of the construction facilitate proposals to do significant see November 1978 issue, phase signals the successful com­ neutrino physics when Tevatron page 384.) pletion of the reviews. neutrino beams are available. A The preferred concept of such a The construction timetable calls preliminary agenda is being pre­ reactor at Argon ne goes under the for the completion of 21 /i super­ pared by Professor V. Peterson name of Hearthfire. The Laboratory conducting magnets every week (University of Hawaii), Workshop has recently learned that its re­ until October. Then the production organizer. search programme in this field will

264 CERN Courier September 1979 receive additional support next year with funding from the Department of Energy, probably in the region of $6 million. The work is being led by Ron Martin, Bob Burke, Jerry Watson and Rick Arnold.

ZGS Symposium

On 1 October the 12.5 GeV Zero Gradient Synchrotron at the Ar­ gonne National Laboratory will close down after sixteen years of opera­ tion for high energy physics exper­ iments. To mark the occasion a Symposium on the History of the ZGS is being organized at Argonne on 13-14 September. It will cover the conception, construction and operation of the accelerator and the physics programme it has sup­ ported, conveying the crucial role the machine has played in develop­ ing high energy physics in the mid- West USA. Further information on the Symposium may be obtained from Beverly Mar zee at Argonne. The ZGS is the largest high energy physics facility ever to be closed down and the American Institute of Physics Center for the History of Physics will follow the Sympo­ sium. CERN COURIER hopes to pay tribute to the machine and its achievements in a forthcoming issue.

A good time was had by all at the CERN Division's Summer fete. 1500 physicists, family and friends turned up to enjoy the fun. Seen here is leading the WA1 experiment team to victory in the obstacle race. Another feature of the afternoon was the release of 500 helium-filled balloons. The map above shows where some of the balloons were subsequently picked up, one having travelled some 300 km.

(Map copyright 1979, Hal/wag)

CERN Courier September 1979 265