People and things events have been found. proton project will be decelerated in Momentum measurements and the PS before being passed to the identification of secondary particles LEAR ring to produce high quality would require the addition of a beams in the 0.1- 2 GeV range. downstream spectrometer. As well The physics possibilities of such a as being a tailor-made tool for charm new source include low energy parti- physics, LEBC could also go on to cle-antiparticle annihilation — as yet discover evidence for the production a relatively unexplored field, the and decay of additional flavours. search for proton-antiproton reso­ nances, and studies on exotic atoms. One immediate objective for LEAR Low energy experiments will be the search for antiproton baryonium states, as the present experimental situation seems to be source confused and contradictory (see page 248). Following the recent workshop on Subsequent LEAR developments low energy antiproton physics at could include a gas jet target, forma­ Karlsruhe (see June issue, tion of antiprotonic atoms in flight, page 148), approval has now been and low energy colliding be,ams of given in principle for the construc­ protons and antiprotons. However tion at CERN of the first phase of a these must await further technical Low Energy Antiproton Ring improvements. (LEAR). Originating from a paper submit­ Detailed proposals are now to be ted to the 1 977 Serpukhov acceler­ prepared for a stretcher ring as the ator conference, LEAR has been first phase of the project. A second nurtured by many enthusiastic and Lew Kowarski stage using colliding beams could devoted proponents, including Ugo follow later. Gastaldi, Kurt Kilian, Dieter Môhl On 27 July Lew Kowarski a founder LEAR is another outcome of the and Gunther Plass. The hope is that member of CERN and one of its beam cooling technique pioneered the small LEAR ring, with its modest greatest personalities, died at the at CERN. While the success of needs, will go on to produce a rich age of 72. Lew Kowarski became stochastic cooling has enabled the crop of physics results. involved in the first informal discus­ high energy proton-antiproton col­ sions about CERN as a leading liding beam project at the SPS to get scientist in France who had already under way in record time, it also an established reputation in the offers the prospect of low energy field of nuclear power. In 1939 he antiproton beams over a thousand had participated with F. Joliot and times more intense than existing H. von Halban in the first experi­ sources, and with momentum reso­ ments to demonstrate uranium fis­ lution and beam stability compara­ sion and nuclear chain reactions. ble to the levels attainable with a With von Halban he took the world's Van der Graaff machine. entire stock of heavy water into The first phase of LEAR will be a England at the beginning of the war stretcher ring to be built in the South to continue research at Cambridge Hall of the CERN 28 GeV Proton where he obtained the first strong Synchrotron (PS). Cooled antiproton evidence for the feasibility of a con­ beams of 3.5 GeV from the Antipro­ trolled nuclear reactor. A few years ton Accumulator now under con­ later Kowarski led the construction struction for the SPS proton-anti- of reactors in Canada and in France. 260 CERN Courier September 1979 N. N. Bogolyubov In 1952 he was chosen as Direc­ Sin-itiro Tomonaga died of esopha­ tor of the Laboratory Group plan­ geal cancer on 8 July. Professor ning the CERN site, administrative Tomonaga was awarded the Nobel methods, finance, workshops, etc. Prize in 1965 together with R. Feyn- and when CERN moved to Geneva man and J. Schwinger for his funda­ in 1954 he became Director of the mental work on quantum mechanics Scientific and Technical Services and the theory of the interaction of Division. He decribed these early charged particles with the electro­ years in a CERN report 'An Account magnetic field. He had a distin­ of the Origins and Beginnings of guished career in physics mainly CERNf which remains the most based at Tokyo University. He was complete account of CERNfs early a member of the Japanese Acad­ history. He later led the Data Han­ emy and was awarded the Japanese dling Division, promoting the use Order of Culture. He played an im­ of computers. portant role in establishing the Insti­ Lew Kowarski was an impressive tute for Nuclear Study at Tokyo and character — big in physical stature, the KEK Laboratory where he was gifted with a prodigious memory, a Member of the Board of Council­ clear in thought and articulate in lors. expression. It was very moving that, despite several months of severe illness, he was able to attend the Seventieth birthday ceremony on 23 June to mark the of Bogolyubov 25th Anniversary of the Organiza­ tion he helped to create. Nikolaj Nikolaevitch Bogolyubov, Member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences and an outstanding theo­ nerstones of current nuclear theory. retical physicist, celebrated his At the beginning of the fifties, 70th birthday on 21 August. he turned his attention to axiomatic Non-linear mechanics, problems formulations of quantum field theo­ of statistical physics, the theory of ry. This work subsequently exerted superconductivity, quantum field a strong influence on thinking in theory, elementary particle interac­ physics and it became clear that tion symmetries, are but a few of new standards of mathematical the topics linked with the name of support and more convincing Bogolyubov. models would be required to de­ In the theory of imperfect quan­ velop quantum field theory further. tum macrosystems, he introduced N.N. Bogolyubov is also a talented a mathematical scheme (the Bogo­ teacher and organizer. Many well- lyubov transformation) which was known physicists acknowledge him subsequently used to describe the as their mentor with pride and res­ energy spectrum of superf/uid and pect. He established Schools of superconducting systems. A deeper Theoretical Physics and Non-linear knowledge of superconductivity and Mechanics in Kiev, and Schools of superfluidity of Fermi systems led Theoretical and Mathematical him to discover a fundamental Physics in Moscow and Dubna. effect — the superfluidity of nuclear He has been presented with many matter — which is one of the cor- awards, including the Lenin Prize and State Prizes in the USSR, the Sin-itiro Tomonaga M. V. Lomonosov Prize and various (Photo S. Kikuchi) international prizes. He is also an CERN Courier September 1979 261 Some of the Nobel Laureates at this year's Lindau reunion. Left to right, front row: L Esaki, J.S. Schwinger, P. Kapitza, I.M. Frank, behind: W.E. Lamb Jnr, E.P. Wigner, I.I. Rabi, S.C.C. Ting, P.A.M. Dirac, L.V. Kantorovich (Economics, 1975), N.G. Basov, W.H. Brattain. (Photo W.S. Newman) honorary member of many foreign academies. His creative power con­ tinues to flourish as he enters his seventieth year, and for his many friends, 21 August was a day for celebration. On people USA Laboratory Directors: Leon Lederman took over from Phil Livdahl as Director of the Fermi Laboratory on 1 June. He set the pace of his reign of office on the first day with an early morning run around the accelerator ring. Don Kerr has been appointed Director of Los Alamos in succession to Harold Agnew. He worked for ten years at Los Alamos on various positions of responsibility until join­ ing the Department of Energy in 1976. His appointment took effect on 1 August. Walter Massey has been appointed Director ofArgon ne in succession tô Bob Sachs and took up his appointment on 9 July. Walter Massey worked at the Labo­ ratory from 1966 to 1968 and was consultant until 1975. He moved to the Laboratory from the position of Dean at Brown University. Ron Martin has asked to concen­ trate on the heavy ion fusion pro­ gramme at Argon ne, becoming Research Program Manager for Heavy Ion Fusion. Bob Kustom will succeed him as Director of the Accelerator Research Facilities. Another Argonne appointment we missed earlier in the year was that of Bob Diebold as Associate Labo­ ratory Director for High Energy Physics. He succeeded Gerry Smith who has returned to Michigan State University. 1. Rich Muller and daughter. 2. Sir Geoffrey Allen. 262 CERN Courier September 1979 On 9 July, Piotr Kapitza visited CERN on the occasion of his 85th birthday. Seen here raising their glasses to the future are (left to right) CERN Directorate Members Robert Lévy-Mandel and Italo Manne/li, Kapitza and Donald Glaser, who invented the bubble Research Director General Leon Van Hove. chamber technique with work on centimetre Paying tribute to someone whose life spans scale models, photographed while visiting the entire history of particle physics, CERN the CERN Technology Exhibition in front of Executive Director General John Adams a large picture of the 3.7 m European bubble described Kapitza as a man who combines chamber, BEBC the talents of a scientist with the ingenuity of an engineer. (Photo CERN 36.7.79) (Photo CERN 98.7.79) the Queen. Sir Geoffrey succeeded their reunions have now grown to Sir Sam Edwards in 1977 and has attract over 20 laureates and 500 been a regular UK delegate at the students and staff from German meetings of the CERN Council. and other European universities. This year's Nobel lecturers in­ Hermann Grunder has received a cluded such 'old-timers' as Paul Humboldt US Scientist Award from Dirac (1933 prize) speaking on the the West German government to variation of the gravitational con­ work at the GSI Laboratory, Darm­ stant, Eugene Wigner (1963) on stadt, home of the Unilac heavy ion causality, Hannes Alfvén (1970) on linac, for a year.