ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY RESOURCE CATALOG Educational Resources for Neurodiagnostic Professionals New from Rhythmlink!

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY RESOURCE CATALOG Educational Resources for Neurodiagnostic Professionals New from Rhythmlink! 2018 ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY RESOURCE CATALOG Educational Resources for Neurodiagnostic Professionals New from Rhythmlink! Our NEW Twisted Corkscrew Needles help with efficiency and accuracy. FREE Samples? Contact our sales team today! ONLINE: rhythmlink.com E-MAIL: [email protected] CALL: 866.633.3754 www.aset.org 2 KEY: ONLINE COURSES = Number of ASET Continuing All courses, from the time that you first log in, grant you 12-month access. Education Credits (CEUs) EEG courses were developed by recognized subject matter experts (SME) who are outstanding in the field of electroencephalography. University professors were also recruited in the development of these courses. With the ASET EEG national competencies serving as the foundation, SMEs and university professors collaborated on the outline of module topics, and course faculty collaborated on the design, development, and presentation of course offerings. All courses have been peer reviewed for content, content clarity, instructions, and time for completion. EEG 200 FUNDAMENTALS OF NEUROANATOMY 20 EEG 202 ELECTRODES, ELECTRODE PLACEMENT 20 & APPLICATION METHODS This course is an introduction to the structures and functions This course provides information on how to accurately of the nervous system. Course content includes basic terms measure and apply electrodes according to the nternational related to anatomical position, direction, body region, and 10-20 System of Electrode Placement. It introduces learners to body plane. The bony structures of the skull are presented as electrode nomenclature, electrode types and their composition well as specific structures and functions of the nervous system, as well as appropriate electrode disinfection methods. Steps such as the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and are described and illustrated with consideration to skin prep, blood supply. An introduction to the neurological exam is also impedances, skin safety and placement modification needs. included. Topics are meant to provide basic knowledge needed Proven techniques to achieve secure and accurate electrode to carry out EEG procedures and will create a solid foundation placement are presented, using collodion and paste application for advancing to more in-depth neuroanatomy courses. methods. Pointers on how to avoid common errors are Required Text: Learners will have access to a free e-book addressed along with steps to achieve success with pediatric anatomy text. Experience Level: Beginner Schedule: 12 lessons, and neonatal populations. Required Reading: No text required 12 quizzes, and a final exam. Format: Self-paced. QuickTime Experience level(s): Beginner Schedule: 12 lessons, 12 quizzes, video or MP3 audio file player; Adobe Reader. Faculty: Maureen and a final exam. Format: Self-paced. QuickTime video or MP3 Carroll, BS, R. EEG/EP T., RPSGT, CNIM audio file player; Adobe Reader. Faculty: Maureen Carroll, BS, Item No: O-EEG200 Member Price: $199.00 R. EEG/EP T., RPSGT, CNIM Non-Member Price: $299.00 Item No: O-EEG202 Member Price: $199.00 Non-Member Price: $299.00 EEG 201 TESTING PROCEDURES & TERMINOLOGY 20 EEG 203 FUNDAMENTALS OF EEG & PATIENT CARE This course introduces learners to the field of Neurodiagnostic 20 Technology by providing descriptions of Neurodiagnostic This course explores the important discoveries and historical testing procedures and describing the profession’s Scope contributions that led to the development and use of EEG as an of Practice. The Scope of Practice specifies the role of ND important diagnostic tool. Other topics relate to fundamental technologists as members of the health care team and outlines patient care for the purpose of promoting patient safety core responsibilities. The terminology presented in this and professional competence. Professional competence is course is meant to provide a solid foundation for building a addressed using the ASET National Competency Skill Standards medical vocabulary and includes assignments and handouts for Performing an Electroencephalogram. Learners are also for general terms plus those related to patient charting, presented with ways to establish professional rapport, maintain signs, symptoms, accepted abbreviations, infection control, patient privacy standards, and use appropriate steps to identify neurological diseases, and other types of diagnostic testing. and address the physical needs of the patient. This patient- Specific terms used to describe EEG waveforms and patterns centered focus includes understanding the Neurodiagnostic will also be a major focus. Required Reading: Willis, M.C. (2006) professional’s role in the healthcare delivery system, as well Medical Terminology: The Language of Health Care, 2nd Ed.: as responsibilities relating to patient safety practices, such as Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. ISBN-13: like infection prevention, seizure precautions, first aid, and 978-1451176766; ISBN10: 1451176767 Experience Level: emergency preparedness. Vital signs are discussed in order to Beginner Schedule: 12 lessons, 12 quizzes, and a final exam. aid the learner in identifying a patient in distress or in need Format: Self-paced. QuickTime video or MP3 audio file player; of medical attention. Required Reading: Literature provided. Adobe Reader. Faculty: Maureen Carroll, BS, R. EEG/EP T., RPSGT, Experience level: Beginner Schedule: 10 lessons, 10 quizzes, and a final exam. Format: Self-paced. QuickTime video or MP3 CNIM audio file player; Adobe Reader. Faculty: Maureen Carroll, BS, Item No: O-EEG201 Member Price: $199.00 R. EEG/EP T., RPSGT, CNIM Non-Member Price: $299.00 Item No: O-EEG203 Member Price: $199.00 Non-Member Price: $299.00 3 www.aset.org EEG 204 DIGITAL EEG CONCEPTS & ELECTRICAL 20 EEG 207 INSTRUMENTATION PART 2 WAVEFORM 20 SAFETY ANALYSIS & POLARITY The primary purpose of this course is to familiarize This course will familiarize the technologist with technical skills Neurodiagnostic professionals with the basic principles of related to waveform analysis and polarity. Instrumentation electricity and electrical safety. Information is presented with topics will be further explored to include techniques related an emphasis on profession-specific risks related to current to improving recording quality, such as recording annotations, flow, grounding, and factors contributing to electrical injury. considerations for performing activation procedures This course will also introduce the learner to key concepts of (hyperventilation & photic stimulation), as well as challenges digital technology and how digital EEG instruments record and to bedside and Electrocerebral inactivity (ECI) recordings. display EEG and other physiological signals. The learner will Required reading: Libenson, M.H. (2010) Practical Approach to become familiar with common computer terminology, as well Electroencephalography. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, Inc. ISBN-13: as features and settings specific to Neurodiagnostic equipment. 978-0750674782; ISBN-10: 0750674784. *This text is also used Required reading: Literature is provided. No additional books in other ASET EEG online courses. Experience level(s): Beginner. or materials required. Experience level(s): Beginner Schedule: Schedule: 10 lessons, 10 quizzes, and a final exam. Format: Self- 10 lessons, 10 quizzes, and a final exam. Format: Self-paced. paced. QuickTime video or MP3 audio file player; Adobe Reader. QuickTime video or MP3 audio file player; Adobe Reader. Faculty: Maureen Carroll, BS, R. EEG/EP T., RPSGT, CNIM. Faculty: Maureen Carroll, BS, R. EEG/EP T., RPSGT, CNIM. Item No: O-EEG207 Member Price: $199.00 Item No: O-EEG204 Member Price: $199.00 Non-Member Price: $299.00 Non-Member Price: $299.00 EEG 208 ARTIFACTS IDENTIFICATION AND 20 EEG 205 NORMAL ADULT EEG & NORMAL 20 TROUBLESHOOTING & DRUG EFFECTS VARIANTS This course is designed to provide skills in recognizing This course explores the neurophysiological basis of the EEG. physiological and non-physiological artifacts. Samples of both Learners are presented with information about neurons and common and unusual artifacts seen in EEG recordings are how these specialized cells generate brain waves. Normal EEG provided. There is a focus on troubleshooting ways to eliminate patterns found in the waking and sleep states are identified. the source artifact or place monitors to help decipher artifacts Assignments focus on descriptive EEG terms, waveform from cerebral activity. A brief review on impedance and descriptions, and features that promote the visual analysis common mode rejection (CMR) is provided, as well as on the of EEG. Information related to medication effects on the EEG role of these factors in the presence and elimination of artifacts is also provided. Normal EEG variants are a key component is included. Required reading: Libenson, M.H. (2010) Practical to this course, such as POSTS, Mu, Lambda, Phantom Spike & Approach to Electroencephalography. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, Wave, etc. Required reading: Libenson, M.H. (2010) Practical Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0750674782; ISBN-10: 0750674784. *This Approach to Electroencephalography. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, text is also used in other ASET EEG online courses. Experience Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0750674782; ISBN-10: 0750674784. *This level(s): Beginner Schedule: 10 lessons, 10 quizzes, and a final text is also used in other ASET EEG online courses. Experience exam. Format: Self-paced. QuickTime video or MP3 audio file level(s): Beginner Schedule: 10 lessons, 10 quizzes, and a final player; Adobe Reader. Faculty:
Recommended publications
  • Clinical Cysticercosis: Diagnosis and Treatment 11 2
    WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis Editor: K.D. Murrell Associate Editors: P. Dorny A. Flisser S. Geerts N.C. Kyvsgaard D.P. McManus T.E. Nash Z.S. Pawlowski • Etiology • Taeniosis in humans • Cysticercosis in animals and humans • Biology and systematics • Epidemiology and geographical distribution • Diagnosis and treatment in humans • Detection in cattle and swine • Surveillance • Prevention • Control • Methods All OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) publications are protected by international copyright law. Extracts may be copied, reproduced, translated, adapted or published in journals, documents, books, electronic media and any other medium destined for the public, for information, educational or commercial purposes, provided prior written permission has been granted by the OIE. The designations and denominations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the OIE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in signed articles are solely the responsibility of the authors. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the OIE in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. –––––––––– The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Health Organization or the World Organisation for Animal Health concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Imaging Findings in Neurocysticercosis
    Document downloaded from http://www.elsevier.es, day 09/07/2015. This copy is for personal use. Any transmission of this document by any media or format is strictly prohibited. Radiología. 2013;55(2):130---141 www.elsevier.es/rx UPDATE IN RADIOLOGY ଝ Imaging findings in neurocysticercosis ∗ S. Sarria Estrada , L. Frascheri Verzelli, S. Siurana Montilva, C. Auger Acosta, A. Rovira Canellas˜ Unitat de Ressonància Magnètica (IDI), Servei de Radiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain Received 2 September 2011; accepted 23 November 2011 KEYWORDS Abstract Neurocysticercosis, caused by the larvae of Taenia solium, is the parasitic infec- Taenia solium; tion that most commonly involves the central nervous system in humans. Neurocysticercosis is Cysticercosis; endemic in practically all developing countries, and owing to globalization and immigration it Neurocysticercosis; is becoming more common in developed countries like those in western Europe. Computed The most common clinical manifestations are epilepsy, focal neurologic signs, and intracranial tomography; hypertension. Magnetic resonance The imaging findings depend on the larval stage of Taenia solium, on the number and loca- imaging tion of the parasites (parenchymal, subarachnoid, or intraventricular), as well as on the host’s immune response (edema, gliosis, and arachnoiditis) and on the development of secondary lesions (arteritis, infarcts, or hydrocephalus). The diagnosis of this parasitosis must be established on the basis of the clinical and radiologi- cal findings, especially in the appropriate epidemiological context, with the help of serological tests. © 2011 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved. PALABRAS CLAVE Neurocisticercosis. Hallazgos radiológicos Taenia solium; Cisticercosis; Resumen La neurocisticercosis es una parasitosis humana causada por las larvas de la Taenia Neurocisticercosis; solium, que es la que con mayor frecuencia afecta el sistema nervioso central.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychiatric Manifestations Ofneurocysticercosis: a Study of 38
    61261ournal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1997;62:612-616 Psychiatric manifestations of neurocysticercosis: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.62.6.612 on 1 June 1997. Downloaded from a study of 38 patients from a neurology clinic in Brazil Orestes Vicente Forlenza, Antonio Helio Guerra Vieira Filho, Jose Paulo Smith Nobrega, Luis dos Ramos Machado, Nelio Garcia de Barros, Candida Helena Pires de Camargo, Maria Fernanda Gouveia da Silva Abstract developing countries of Asia, Africa, Latin Objective-To determine the frequency America, and central Europe, where prevalence and features of psychiatric morbidity in a rates vary from 0-1 to 4-0%.2 8 It may also be cross section of 38 outpatients with neuro- found in urban areas of developed countries cysticercosis. among ethnic subgroups.9 12 Methods-Diagnosis of neurocysticerco- The two host life cycle of the cestode sis was established by CT, MRI, and CSF involves humans as definitive hosts and swine analysis. Psychiatric diagnoses were as intermediate hosts. The adult intestinal form made by using the present state examina- of the parasite is acquired by eating under- tion and the schedule for affective disor- cooked pork contaminated with cysticerci,13 14 ders and schizophrenia-lifetime version; whereas cysticercosis is usually acquired by a cognitive state was assessed by mini men- fecal-oral mechanism-that is, by the ingestion tal state examination and Strub and of Taenia solium eggs shed in the faeces of a Black's mental status examination. human carrier. Contaminated water and food Results-Signs of psychiatric disease and (especially raw vegetables) are the most com- cognitive decline were found in 65-8 and mon sources of infection.19 16 The digested eggs 87-5% of the cases respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Control of Neurocysticercosis
    WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION FIFTY-SIXTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A56/10 Provisional agenda item 14.2 6 March 2003 Control of neurocysticercosis Report by the Secretariat BACKGROUND 1. Cysticercosis of the central nervous system (neurocysticercosis) is caused by the larval stage (cysticerci) of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. The two-host life cycle of this tapeworm comprises human beings as definitive hosts and swine as intermediate hosts. Pigs become infected when they ingest human faeces containing T. solium eggs, which develop in the muscle and brain into cysticerci. When people eat undercooked pork containing viable cysticerci, they develop an intestinal tapeworm infection, but not cysticercosis of the central nervous system. Human beings can also become intermediate hosts, however, by directly ingesting T. solium eggs shed in the faeces of human carriers of the parasite. These eggs then develop into cysticerci which migrate mostly into muscle (causing cysticercosis) and into the central nervous system where the cysticerci can cause seizures and many other neurological symptoms (cysticercosis of the central nervous system). Both these forms of human cysticercosis are therefore human-to-human infections acquired by the faeco-oral route in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation. Such a route of transmission is strongly supported by the concentration of cases of cysticercosis of the central nervous system in communities with human carriers of Taenia, which clustering also supports the argument that carriers of Taenia are potent sources of contagion. 2. Cysticercosis of the central nervous system is the most important neurological disease of parasitic origin in humans. It causes serious morbidity and in areas where T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Main Neglected Tropical Diseases
    The main neglected tropical diseases Dengue is a mosquito‐borne viral infection that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The flavivirus is transmitted mainly by female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and, to a lesser extent, by female A. albopictus mosquitoes. Infection causes flu‐like illness, and occasionally develops into a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue (previously known as dengue haemorrhagic fever). Severe dengue is a leading cause of serious illness and death among children in some Asian and Latin American countries. Rabies is a preventable viral disease that is mainly transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected dog. Once symptoms develop, the disease is invariably fatal in humans unless they promptly receive post‐exposure prophylaxis. Human rabies has been successfully prevented and controlled in North America and in a number of Asian and Latin American countries by implementing sustained dog vaccination campaigns, managing dog populations humanely and providing post‐exposure prophylaxis. Trachoma is a bacterial infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which is transmitted through contact with eye discharge from infected people, particularly young children. It is also spread by flies that have been in contact with the eyes and nose of infected people. Untreated, this condition leads to the formation of irreversible corneal opacities and blindness. Buruli ulcer is a chronic debilitating skin infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans, which can lead to permanent disfigurement and disability. Patients who are not treated early suffer severe destruction of the skin, bone and soft tissue. Endemic treponematoses – yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel) and pinta – are a group of chronic bacterial infections caused by infection with treponemes that mainly affect the skin and bone.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurocysticercosis—More Than a Neglected Disease
    Editorial Neurocysticercosis—More Than a Neglected Disease Theodore E. Nash1*, Siddhartha Mahanty1, Hector H. Garcia2,3 1 Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, and Center for Global Health - Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru´, 3 Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru´ Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most penetrate the intestinal mucosa and are es most basic research cannot be performed common cause of adult-acquired epilepsy carried to the muscles, brain, and other in developed, non-endemic countries. The worldwide and one the most frequent tissues of the pig and establish as cysts high cost of the logistics to establish and parasitic infections associated with chronic which, when ingested by humans in poorly maintain the stages of the life cycle required morbidity in the United States. Despite its cooked pork, develop into tapeworms for basic experiments is compounded by importance [1–4], worldwide morbidity (taeniasis). Humans become infected with the difficult challenge of obtaining financial due to NCC is underappreciated and cysts (cysticercosis) following the accidental support for a neglected disease. Research- research is underfunded, and therefore ingestion of ova-contaminated hands, ers have naturally turned to imperfect researchers are unable to capitalize on food, or water. Because the life cycle of models of cestode infections that are recent advances that hold great promise to the parasite is complex and exacting, it is employed to understand immune host prevent millions of cases of epilepsy and to particularly susceptible to interruption, response and host–parasite interactions, to effectively treat viable brain infections.
    [Show full text]
  • My Father-In-Law
    Cover drawing by Claude Lumen (my father-in-law) and description of the cover by Jacqueline Magis and Eric Thys (my parents): From one shore to another, from one ocean to another, from one discipline to another, My barque of anthropologist, Charged with new experiences between humans, animals and their environment, Docks to join the luminous white house, Meeting place of knowledge and sciences exchanges. Pictures of the page chapters by Séverine Thys taken during fieldworks. Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Veterinary Sciences, 2019 Promoters: Prof. Dr. Sarah Gabriël Prof. Dr. Pierre Dorny Prof. Dr. Marleen Boelaert Laboratory of Foodborne Parasitic Zoonoses Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. 11 ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... 13 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW: NEGLECTED ZOONOTIC DISEASES IN GENERAL, THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THREE SELECTED NEGLECTED ZOONOTIC DISEASES AND THE ROLE OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE CONTROL ............................................... 19 1.1 Neglected Zoonotic Diseases ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study
    Wandra et al., Primary Health Care 2016, 6:3 ealth y H Ca ar re : DOI: 10.4172/2167-1079.1000231 im O r p P e f n o A l c a c n e r s u s o J Primary Health Care: Open Access ISSN: 2167-1079 Review Article Open Access Neurocysticercosis Diagnosed in a Patient with Taenia saginata Taeniasis after Administration of Praziquantel: A Case Study and Review of the Literature Toni Wandra1, Raka Sudewi2, Ni Made Susilawati2, Kadek Swastika3, I Made Sudarmaja3, Luh Putu Eka Diarthini3, Ivan Elisabeth Purba1, Munehiro Okamoto4, Christine M. Budke5 and Akira Ito6* 1Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, North Sumatra, Indonesia 2Department of Neurology, Sanglah Hospital, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia 3Department of Parasitology, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia 4Section of Wildlife Diversity, Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan 5Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA 6Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan Abstract Taeniasis, caused by infection with Taenia saginata or Taenia solium, occurs on Bali due to the consumption of undercooked beef and pork, respectively. Fieldwork conducted on Bali from 2002-2007, identified 69 taeniasis cases due to T. saginata. In August 2007, three T. saginata tapeworm carriers in the Gianyar district of Bali were treated with a single dose of praziquantel. Within a few hours of treatment, a 47 year old man had a seizure and was admitted to a hospital in the city of Denpasar. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed two cystic lesions in the man’s brain.
    [Show full text]
  • Acute Psychosis with Recurrent Neurocysticercosis: a Case Presentation Author Affiliations Are Listed at the End of This Article
    Siddique et al. HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine (2021) 2:3 https://doi.org/10.36518/2689-0216.1217 Case Report Acute Psychosis with Recurrent Neurocysticercosis: A Case Presentation Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article. Nasir F. Siddique, BSPH,1 Kristy A. Fisher, MD, MS, MBA,2 Joshua Chang, MD,2 Clara L. Alvarez Villalba, MD2 Correspondence to: Kristy A. Fisher, MD Abstract Aventura Hospital and Description Medical Center Neurocysticercosis, a parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by 21101 NE 28th Ave the Taenia solium cestode, presents clinically with a large and diverse spectrum of symp- Aventura, FL 33180 tomatology, dependent upon lesion number, locale and ensuing inflammatory response. To this date, there are only two documented cases of psychosis presenting in patients with (Kristy.fisher2@ neurocysticercosis, both of which were published in India. This case presentation depicts the hcahealthcare.com) first documented case of Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition: Neurocys- ticercosis in the United States. The authors postulate that the atypical presentation of the neuropsychiatric instability with the aberrant recurrence of neurocysticercosis is predom- inantly attributable to the parasitic infection itself, along with its resultant cyst formation and inflammatory response. Further research is necessary to expand upon our knowledge and understanding of the neuropsychiatric effects and optimal management of neurocys- ticercosis, as well as its possible recurrent nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Helminth Infections & Their Cutaneous Manifestations
    HELMINTH INFECTIONS & THEIR CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS Brittany Grady, DO DISCLOSURES I have no conflicts of interest to declare LEARNING OBJECTIVES: • Describe the cutaneous manifestations of helminth infections • Recognize recent developments and incidence of helminth infections within the United States of America • Evaluate, diagnose, and treat affected patients more knowledgeably and effectively WHAT IS A HELMINTH? • Helminths (worms) are large, multicellular organisms • Often visible to the naked eye • Free-living or parasitic • Belong to 2 different phyla: • Roundworms (Nematodes) • Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) ROUNDWORMS (NEMATODES) • Unsegmented • Each species has 2 different sexes • Contain a body cavity and digestive tract FLATWORMS (PLATYHELMINTHES) • Segmented or unsegmented • Primarily hermaphroditic • Do not have a body cavity • Further subdivided into 2 different classes: • Flukes (Trematodes) • Tapeworms (Cestodes) ROUNDWORM (NEMATODE) INFECTIONS • Cutaneous Larva Migrans • Onchocerciasis • Filariasis • Strongyloidiasis • Trichinosis • Toxocariasis CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS (CLM) • AKA Creeping Eruption • CLM primarily affects people in tropical and subtropical climates, including the SE United States • Caused by animal hookworms, most commonly Ancylostoma braziliense and A. caninum • Eggs are eliminated via animal (cat or dog) feces and larvae mature in the sand/soil • Larvae infiltrate exposed skin surfaces of humans (end hosts) • Confined to the epidermis (lack collagenase) CLM X X X CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS (CLM) • Larval migration through the epidermis (1-2 cm/day) • Clinical features: • Localized, intense pruritus • Linear or serpiginous raised erythematous “tracts” • +/- vesiculation • Most frequent location is distal lower extremities or buttocks • Diagnosis usually made clinically (biopsy rarely helpful) W. Infectious Diseases of the Skin. In: McKee’s Pathology of the Skin 4th ed. Edinburgh: ElsevierGrayson/Saunders; 2012: 761-895 Nelson SA, Warschaw KE.
    [Show full text]
  • Classic Diseases Revisited Neurocysticercosis
    Postgrad MedJ3 1998;74:321-326 C) The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 1998 Classic diseases revisited Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.74.872.321 on 1 June 1998. Downloaded from Neurocysticercosis Ravindra Kumar Garg Summary Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease of the central nervous Neurocysticercosis is the most system. The disease in humans is caused by the larval form of the tapeworm common parasitic disease of the Taenia solium. Neurocysticercosis has a world-wide distribution and is endemic central nervous system. Varied in most of the developing world, especially in Latin-America, the Indian clinical manifestations occur, due subcontinent, China, and most ofAsia and Africa. It also occurs in industrialised to deposition of larvae of the nations, largely as a result of the immigration of infected persons from the parasite Taenia solium in cerebral endemic areas. In countries where the disease is endemic, cysticercosis may parenchyma, meninges, spinal affect 2-4% of general population.' Sero-epidemiological studies in India have cord, muscles, eyes and skin. The demonstrated that approximately 2-3% of the general population have anticyst- diagnosis of neurocysticercosis icercal antigen antibodies in their serum.2 The highest prevalence of cysticerco- can be made with a fairly high sis is in communities where there is a close contact between humans and pigs, degree of accuracy with the help and where hygiene standards are low. It is a disease produced by poor sanitation, of computed tomography and lack of a proper water supply and sewage system, and poor personal hygiene. magnetic resonance imaging. Se- rological tests and histopathologi- The parasitic life-cycle and pathogenesis cal examination of subcutaneous nodules provide additional sup- In the normal life-cycle of T solium, the adult tapeworm, which is 2-8 m in port in establishing the diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Neurocysticercosis
    Neurosurg Focus 12 (6):Article 1, 2002, Click here to return to Table of Contents Review of neurocysticercosis JULIO SOTELO, M.D., AND OSCAR H. DEL BRUTTO, M.D. National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico; and Department of Neurological Sciences, Hospital-Clínica Kennedy, Guayaquil, Ecuador In the neurosurgical services in many developing countries, treatment of neurocysticercosis (NCC) accounts for greater than 10% of brain surgical procedures and approximately 15% of neurological consultations. In these areas brain cysticercosis is the leading cause of hydrocephalus in adults and the first cause of late-onset epilepsy. During the last two decades, successful medical treatment has been established. Additionally, neuroimaging and immunological studies have clearly defined the topography, pathophysiological mechanisms, and biological status of these lesions. Thus, selection of cases for medical or surgical treatment has improved; in a significant number of cases, both inter- ventions are required. New therapies with either albendazole or praziquantel have respectively reduced to 8 days and to 1 day the course of anticysticidal therapy, which now is fast, effective, inexpensive, atoxic, and convenient, particu- larly in endemic areas where most patients belong to the lower socioeconomic groups. Additionally, the rational use of steroid agents facilitates the treatment of inflammation, a conspicuous accompaniment in cases of NCC. A major effort, however, is still required to eradicate this disease. KEY WORD • neurocysticercosis • hydrocephalus • epilepsy Neurocysticercosis is caused by the larvae of the tape- tode, whereas both pigs and humans may act as interme- worm Taenia solium in the nervous system, a disease suf- diate hosts for the larval form or cysticercus.30 The adult fered by millions of people living in the developing coun- T.
    [Show full text]