DOCSLIB.ORG

My Father-In-Law

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
My Father-In-Law Cover drawing by Claude Lumen (my father-in-law) and description of the cover by Jacqueline Magis and Eric Thys (my parents): From one shore to another, from one ocean to another, from one discipline to another, My barque of anthropologist, Charged with new experiences between humans, animals and their environment, Docks to join the luminous white house, Meeting place of knowledge and sciences exchanges. Pictures of the page chapters by Séverine Thys taken during fieldworks. Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Veterinary Sciences, 2019 Promoters: Prof. Dr. Sarah Gabriël Prof. Dr. Pierre Dorny Prof. Dr. Marleen Boelaert Laboratory of Foodborne Parasitic Zoonoses Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. 11 ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... 13 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW: NEGLECTED ZOONOTIC DISEASES IN GENERAL, THE EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THREE SELECTED NEGLECTED ZOONOTIC DISEASES AND THE ROLE OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE CONTROL ............................................... 19 1.1 Neglected Zoonotic Diseases ............................................................................... 20 1.1.1 The “Zoonotic” component ...................................................................................... 20 1.1.2. The “Neglected” component .................................................................................... 22 1.1.3. The “One Health” approach ..................................................................................... 24 1.2 Case-studies of three NZDs: Cystic echinococcosis, Taenia solium taeniasis- cysticercosis and rabies ......................................................................................... 26 1.2.1 Cystic echinococcosis ................................................................................................ 27 1.2.2 Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis ....................................................................... 36 1.2.3 Rabies........................................................................................................................ 49 1.3 Role of Anthropology in Neglected Zoonotic Diseases integrated control and in the “One Health” movement....................................................................................... 62 1.3.1 Anthropology and Health, the concept of “culture” applied to livestock owners and zoonotic risks ............................................................................................................ 63 1.3.2 Anthropology and Health, the concept of “culture” applied to human-animal interactions ............................................................................................................... 67 1.3.3 Anthropology and “One Health” as an integrated control approach ....................... 70 1.4 References .......................................................................................................... 75 RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................................. 101 Rationale ....................................................................................................................... 102 Objectives ..................................................................................................................... 103 References ..................................................................................................................... 103 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ........................... 105 2.1 Qualitative research: Definition and Methods .................................................... 106 2.1.1 Qualitative research in Health ................................................................................ 106 2.1.2 Main qualitative methods ...................................................................................... 108 2.1.3 Sampling strategies in QLR ..................................................................................... 110 2.2 Anthropological posture within a disease control driven conceptual framing ...... 112 2.3 Case-studies materials and methods .................................................................. 114 2.3.1 Criteria guiding the selection of the three case-studies ........................................ 114 2.3.2 Methodological approach chosen .......................................................................... 114 2.3.3 Focus Group Discussions method .......................................................................... 116 2.3.4 Common features of the study design and procedure followed for the three case- studies .................................................................................................................... 117 2.3.5 Permanent reflexivity ............................................................................................. 125 2.4 References ........................................................................................................ 128 CHAPTER 3 COMMUNITY PERCEPTION AND KNOWLEDGE OF CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE HIGH ATLAS MOUNTAINS, MOROCCO .......................................................... 131 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 132 3.2 Materials and methods ...................................................................................... 135 3.2.1 Study area .............................................................................................................. 135 3.2.2 Study design ........................................................................................................... 135 3.2.3 Data collection ....................................................................................................... 137 3.2.4 Data processing and analysis ................................................................................. 138 3.2.5 Ethical considerations ............................................................................................ 139 3.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 139 3.3.1 Life cycle of the parasite and knowledge gaps ...................................................... 139 3.3.2 Dogs: perception, role, and status ......................................................................... 143 3.3.3 Sheep management and slaughtering practices .................................................... 147 3.3.4 Control measures: pros and cons ........................................................................... 149 3.3.5 Additional measures suggested by the participants .............................................. 152 3.4 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 154 3.5 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 159 3.6 Supplementary information ............................................................................... 161 3.6.1 Focus Group Discussion guides (Men, Women and Butchers) in English. ............. 161 3.6.2 Illustrative quotes from the Focus Groups Discussions (“a” to “n”) ...................... 165 3.7 References ........................................................................................................ 167 CHAPTER 4 COMMUNITIES’ PERCEPTIONS, KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES IN A TAENIA SOLIUM ENDEMIC RURAL AREA IN EASTERN ZAMBIA PART 1: WHY LATRINES ARE NOT USED ....................................................................................................................... 171 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 172 4.2 Materials and methods...................................................................................... 173 4.2.1 Study area ............................................................................................................... 173 4.2.2 Study design ............................................................................................................ 175 4.2.3 Data collection ........................................................................................................ 177 4.2.4 Data processing and analysis .................................................................................. 178 4.2.5 Ethical considerations ............................................................................................. 178 4.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 178 4.3.1 Latrine availability ................................................................................................... 182 4.3.2 Latrine use .............................................................................................................. 185 4.4 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 191 4.5 Conclusions ......................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Clinical Cysticercosis: Diagnosis and Treatment 11 2
    WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis Editor: K.D. Murrell Associate Editors: P. Dorny A. Flisser S. Geerts N.C. Kyvsgaard D.P. McManus T.E. Nash Z.S. Pawlowski • Etiology • Taeniosis in humans • Cysticercosis in animals and humans • Biology and systematics • Epidemiology and geographical distribution • Diagnosis and treatment in humans • Detection in cattle and swine • Surveillance • Prevention • Control • Methods All OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) publications are protected by international copyright law. Extracts may be copied, reproduced, translated, adapted or published in journals, documents, books, electronic media and any other medium destined for the public, for information, educational or commercial purposes, provided prior written permission has been granted by the OIE. The designations and denominations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the OIE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in signed articles are solely the responsibility of the authors. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the OIE in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. –––––––––– The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Health Organization or the World Organisation for Animal Health concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • People Can Catch Diseases from Their Pets
    People Can Catch Diseases from Their Pets [Announcer] This program is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Tracey Hodges] Hello, I’m Tracey Hodges and today I’m talking with Dr. Carol Rubin, Associate Director for Zoonoses and One Health at CDC. Our conversation is based on her article about zoonotic diseases in our pets, which appears in CDC's journal, Emerging Infectious Diseases. Welcome, Dr. Rubin. [Carol Rubin] Thanks, Tracey. I’m pleased to be here. [Tracey Hodges] Dr. Rubin, tell us about One Health. [Carol Rubin] Well, One Health is a concept that takes into account the relationship among human health and animal health and the environment. One Health recognizes that the three sectors, that is, people, animals, and the environment, are closely connected to each other, and that movement of diseases from animals to humans can be influenced by changes in the environment they share. However, because there’s no strict definition for One Health, the phrase ‘One Health’ can mean different things to different people. Some people think of One Health as a return to simpler times when most physicians were generalists rather than specialists, and physicians and veterinarians communicated regularly. However, other people think that the One Health is especially important now because we live in a time when there is an increase in the number of new diseases that affect human health. Diseases that pass between people and animals are called zoonoses. And recently, researchers have determined that more than 70 percent of emerging infectious diseases in people actually come from animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Imaging Findings in Neurocysticercosis
    Document downloaded from http://www.elsevier.es, day 09/07/2015. This copy is for personal use. Any transmission of this document by any media or format is strictly prohibited. Radiología. 2013;55(2):130---141 www.elsevier.es/rx UPDATE IN RADIOLOGY ଝ Imaging findings in neurocysticercosis ∗ S. Sarria Estrada , L. Frascheri Verzelli, S. Siurana Montilva, C. Auger Acosta, A. Rovira Canellas˜ Unitat de Ressonància Magnètica (IDI), Servei de Radiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain Received 2 September 2011; accepted 23 November 2011 KEYWORDS Abstract Neurocysticercosis, caused by the larvae of Taenia solium, is the parasitic infec- Taenia solium; tion that most commonly involves the central nervous system in humans. Neurocysticercosis is Cysticercosis; endemic in practically all developing countries, and owing to globalization and immigration it Neurocysticercosis; is becoming more common in developed countries like those in western Europe. Computed The most common clinical manifestations are epilepsy, focal neurologic signs, and intracranial tomography; hypertension. Magnetic resonance The imaging findings depend on the larval stage of Taenia solium, on the number and loca- imaging tion of the parasites (parenchymal, subarachnoid, or intraventricular), as well as on the host’s immune response (edema, gliosis, and arachnoiditis) and on the development of secondary lesions (arteritis, infarcts, or hydrocephalus). The diagnosis of this parasitosis must be established on the basis of the clinical and radiologi- cal findings, especially in the appropriate epidemiological context, with the help of serological tests. © 2011 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved. PALABRAS CLAVE Neurocisticercosis. Hallazgos radiológicos Taenia solium; Cisticercosis; Resumen La neurocisticercosis es una parasitosis humana causada por las larvas de la Taenia Neurocisticercosis; solium, que es la que con mayor frecuencia afecta el sistema nervioso central.
    [Show full text]
  • Spillback in the Anthropocene: the Risk of Human-To-Wildlife Pathogen Transmission for Conservation and Public Health
    Spillback in the Anthropocene: the risk of human-to-wildlife pathogen transmission for conservation and public health Anna C. Fagre*1, Lily E. Cohen2, Evan A. Eskew3, Max Farrell4, Emma Glennon5, Maxwell B. Joseph6, Hannah K. Frank7, Sadie Ryan8, 9,10, Colin J Carlson11,12, Gregory F Albery*13 *Corresponding authors: [email protected]; [email protected] 1: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 2: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 3: Department of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA, 98447 USA 4: Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto 5: Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK 6: Earth Lab, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 7: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118 USA 8: Quantitative Disease Ecology and Conservation (QDEC) Lab Group, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA 9: Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA 10: School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa 11: Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057 USA 12: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057 USA 13: Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057 USA 1 Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to increased concern over transmission of pathogens from humans to animals (“spillback”) and its potential to threaten conservation and public health.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychiatric Manifestations Ofneurocysticercosis: a Study of 38
    61261ournal ofNeurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1997;62:612-616 Psychiatric manifestations of neurocysticercosis: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.62.6.612 on 1 June 1997. Downloaded from a study of 38 patients from a neurology clinic in Brazil Orestes Vicente Forlenza, Antonio Helio Guerra Vieira Filho, Jose Paulo Smith Nobrega, Luis dos Ramos Machado, Nelio Garcia de Barros, Candida Helena Pires de Camargo, Maria Fernanda Gouveia da Silva Abstract developing countries of Asia, Africa, Latin Objective-To determine the frequency America, and central Europe, where prevalence and features of psychiatric morbidity in a rates vary from 0-1 to 4-0%.2 8 It may also be cross section of 38 outpatients with neuro- found in urban areas of developed countries cysticercosis. among ethnic subgroups.9 12 Methods-Diagnosis of neurocysticerco- The two host life cycle of the cestode sis was established by CT, MRI, and CSF involves humans as definitive hosts and swine analysis. Psychiatric diagnoses were as intermediate hosts. The adult intestinal form made by using the present state examina- of the parasite is acquired by eating under- tion and the schedule for affective disor- cooked pork contaminated with cysticerci,13 14 ders and schizophrenia-lifetime version; whereas cysticercosis is usually acquired by a cognitive state was assessed by mini men- fecal-oral mechanism-that is, by the ingestion tal state examination and Strub and of Taenia solium eggs shed in the faeces of a Black's mental status examination. human carrier. Contaminated water and food Results-Signs of psychiatric disease and (especially raw vegetables) are the most com- cognitive decline were found in 65-8 and mon sources of infection.19 16 The digested eggs 87-5% of the cases respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Control of Neurocysticercosis
    WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION FIFTY-SIXTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A56/10 Provisional agenda item 14.2 6 March 2003 Control of neurocysticercosis Report by the Secretariat BACKGROUND 1. Cysticercosis of the central nervous system (neurocysticercosis) is caused by the larval stage (cysticerci) of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. The two-host life cycle of this tapeworm comprises human beings as definitive hosts and swine as intermediate hosts. Pigs become infected when they ingest human faeces containing T. solium eggs, which develop in the muscle and brain into cysticerci. When people eat undercooked pork containing viable cysticerci, they develop an intestinal tapeworm infection, but not cysticercosis of the central nervous system. Human beings can also become intermediate hosts, however, by directly ingesting T. solium eggs shed in the faeces of human carriers of the parasite. These eggs then develop into cysticerci which migrate mostly into muscle (causing cysticercosis) and into the central nervous system where the cysticerci can cause seizures and many other neurological symptoms (cysticercosis of the central nervous system). Both these forms of human cysticercosis are therefore human-to-human infections acquired by the faeco-oral route in areas with poor hygiene and sanitation. Such a route of transmission is strongly supported by the concentration of cases of cysticercosis of the central nervous system in communities with human carriers of Taenia, which clustering also supports the argument that carriers of Taenia are potent sources of contagion. 2. Cysticercosis of the central nervous system is the most important neurological disease of parasitic origin in humans. It causes serious morbidity and in areas where T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Main Neglected Tropical Diseases
    The main neglected tropical diseases Dengue is a mosquito‐borne viral infection that occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The flavivirus is transmitted mainly by female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and, to a lesser extent, by female A. albopictus mosquitoes. Infection causes flu‐like illness, and occasionally develops into a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue (previously known as dengue haemorrhagic fever). Severe dengue is a leading cause of serious illness and death among children in some Asian and Latin American countries. Rabies is a preventable viral disease that is mainly transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected dog. Once symptoms develop, the disease is invariably fatal in humans unless they promptly receive post‐exposure prophylaxis. Human rabies has been successfully prevented and controlled in North America and in a number of Asian and Latin American countries by implementing sustained dog vaccination campaigns, managing dog populations humanely and providing post‐exposure prophylaxis. Trachoma is a bacterial infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which is transmitted through contact with eye discharge from infected people, particularly young children. It is also spread by flies that have been in contact with the eyes and nose of infected people. Untreated, this condition leads to the formation of irreversible corneal opacities and blindness. Buruli ulcer is a chronic debilitating skin infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans, which can lead to permanent disfigurement and disability. Patients who are not treated early suffer severe destruction of the skin, bone and soft tissue. Endemic treponematoses – yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel) and pinta – are a group of chronic bacterial infections caused by infection with treponemes that mainly affect the skin and bone.
    [Show full text]
  • Elephant Tuberculosis As a Reverse Zoonosis Postcolonial Scenes of Compassion, Conservation, and Public Health in Laos and France
    ARTICLES Elephant tuberculosis as a reverse zoonosis Postcolonial scenes of compassion, conservation, and public health in Laos and France Nicolas Lainé Abstract In the last twenty years, a growing number of captive elephants have tested positive for tuberculosis (TB) in various institutions worldwide, causing public health concerns. This article discusses two localities where this concern has produced significant mobilizations to ask about the postcolonial resonances of this global response. The first case focuses on epidemiological studies of elephant TB in Laos launched by international organizations involved in conservation, and on the role of traditional elephant workers (mahouts) in the daily care for elephants. The second describes the finding by veterinarians of two elephants suspected of TB infection in a French zoo and the mobilization of animal rights activists against the euthanasia of the pachyderms. The article shows that while, in the recent past, in France elephants were considered markers of exoticism and in Laos as coworkers in the timber industry, they are now considered to be endangered subjects in need of care, compassion, and conservation. This analysis contributes to the anthropology of relations between humans and elephants through the study of a rare but fascinating zoonosis. Keywords tuberculosis, reverse zoonosis, Laos, France, elephant Medicine Anthropology Theory 5 (3): 157–176; http://doi.org/10.17157/mat.5.3.379. © Nicolas Lainé, 2018. Published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. 158 Elephant tuberculosis as a reverse zoonosis The re-emergence of a reverse zoonosis During the last twenty years, the growing number of captive elephants that have tested positive for tuberculosis (TB) in various institutions worldwide has caused public health concerns.
    [Show full text]
  • Horses As a Crucial Part of One Health
    veterinary sciences Review Horses as a Crucial Part of One Health Nelly Sophie Lönker, Kim Fechner and Ahmed Abd El Wahed * Virology Lab, Division of Microbiology and Animal Hygiene, University of Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; [email protected] (N.S.L.); [email protected] (K.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-551-391-3958; Fax: +49-551-393-3912 Received: 3 February 2020; Accepted: 28 February 2020; Published: 29 February 2020 Abstract: One Health (OH) is a crucial concept, where the interference between humans, animals and the environment matters. This review article focusses on the role of horses in maintaining the health of humans and the environment. Horses’ impact on environmental health includes their influence on soil and the biodiversity of animal and plant species. Nevertheless, the effect of horses is not usually linear and several factors like plant–animal coevolutionary history, climate and animal density play significant roles. The long history of the relationship between horses and humans is shaped by the service of horses in wars or even in mines. Moreover, horses were essential in developing the first antidote to cure diphtheria. Nowadays, horses do have an influential role in animal assisted therapy, in supporting livelihoods in low income countries and as a leisure partner. Horses are of relevance in the spillover of zoonotic and emerging diseases from wildlife to human (e.g., Hendra Virus), and in non-communicable diseases (e.g., post-traumatic osteoarthritis in horses and back pain in horse riders). Furthermore, many risk factors—such as climate change and antimicrobial resistance—threaten the health of both horses and humans.
    [Show full text]
  • Neurocysticercosis—More Than a Neglected Disease
    Editorial Neurocysticercosis—More Than a Neglected Disease Theodore E. Nash1*, Siddhartha Mahanty1, Hector H. Garcia2,3 1 Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, and Center for Global Health - Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru´, 3 Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Peru´ Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most penetrate the intestinal mucosa and are es most basic research cannot be performed common cause of adult-acquired epilepsy carried to the muscles, brain, and other in developed, non-endemic countries. The worldwide and one the most frequent tissues of the pig and establish as cysts high cost of the logistics to establish and parasitic infections associated with chronic which, when ingested by humans in poorly maintain the stages of the life cycle required morbidity in the United States. Despite its cooked pork, develop into tapeworms for basic experiments is compounded by importance [1–4], worldwide morbidity (taeniasis). Humans become infected with the difficult challenge of obtaining financial due to NCC is underappreciated and cysts (cysticercosis) following the accidental support for a neglected disease. Research- research is underfunded, and therefore ingestion of ova-contaminated hands, ers have naturally turned to imperfect researchers are unable to capitalize on food, or water. Because the life cycle of models of cestode infections that are recent advances that hold great promise to the parasite is complex and exacting, it is employed to understand immune host prevent millions of cases of epilepsy and to particularly susceptible to interruption, response and host–parasite interactions, to effectively treat viable brain infections.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Zoonotic Origins of SARS-Cov-2 and Insights for Preventing Future Pandemics Through One Health Approach
    Open Access Review Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8932 Potential Zoonotic Origins of SARS-CoV-2 and Insights for Preventing Future Pandemics Through One Health Approach Muralikrishna Konda 1 , Balasunder Dodda 2 , Venu Madhav Konala 3, 4 , Srikanth Naramala 5 , Sreedhar Adapa 6 1. Veterinary Sciences, Banfield Pet Hospital, Flower Mound, USA 2. Veterinary Medicine, Holiday Park Animal Hospital, Pittsburgh, USA 3. Hematology and Oncology, Ashland Bellefonte Cancer Center, Ashland, USA 4. Hematology and Oncology, King's Daughters Medical Center, Ashland, USA 5. Rheumatology, Adventist Medical Center, Hanford, USA 6. Nephrology, Kaweah Delta Medical Center, Visalia, USA Corresponding author: Sreedhar Adapa, [email protected] Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that has resulted in a global pandemic and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV- 2). Zoonotic diseases are infections that are transmitted from animals to humans. COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 most likely originated in bats and transmitted to humans through a possible intermediate host. Based on published research so far, pangolins are considered the most likely intermediate hosts. Further studies are needed on different wild animal species, including pangolins that are sold at the same wet market or similar wet markets before concluding pangolins as definitive intermediate hosts. SARS-CoV-2 is capable of reverse zoonosis as well. Additional research is needed to understand the pathogenicity of the virus, especially in companion animals, modes of transmission, incubation period, contagious period, and zoonotic potential. Interdisciplinary one health approach handles these mosaic issues of emerging threats by integrating professionals from multiple disciplines like human medicine, veterinary medicine, environmental health, and social sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Question List for COVID-19 (Caused by SARS-Cov-2) Weekly Report 06 October 2020
    DHS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Master Question List for COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) Weekly Report 06 October 2020 For comments or questions related to the contents of this document, please contact the DHS S&T Hazard Awareness & Characterization Technology Center at [email protected]. DHS Science and Technology Directorate | MOBILIZING INNOVATION FOR A SECURE WORLD CLEARED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE REQUIRED INFORMATION FOR EFFECTIVE INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK RESPONSE SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Updated 10/06/2020 FOREWORD The Department o f Homeland Security (DHS) is payin g close attention tho t e evolvin g Coronavirus Infectious Disease (COVID-19) situation in order to protect ou r nation. DHS is working very closely with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), other federal agencies, and public health officials to implement publi c health control measures related t o travelers and materials crossinu g o r borders from tht e affec ed regions. Based on the response to a similar product generated in 2014 inn respo se to the Ebolavirus outbreak in West Africa, the DHS Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T) developed the followin g “master question list” that quickly summarizes what is known, what additional information is needed, and who may be working to address such fundamental questions as, “What is th e infectious dose?” and “How long hdoes t e virus persih st in t e environment?” The Master Question List (MQL) is intended t o quickly present the current state o f available information to government decision makers in the operational response to COVID-19 and allow structured and scientifically guided discussions across the federal government without burdening them with the need to review scientific reports, and to prevent duplication of efforts by highlighting and coordinating research.
    [Show full text]