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World Bank Document E-334 Public Disclosure Authorized RIGA DISTRICT HEATING REHABILITATION PROJECT FINAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized SECTION SIX ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REVIEW Public Disclosure Authorized RiGAS SILTUMS Public Disclosure Authorized December21, 1998 A , FVB j j&t&rfafebyr&no& Riga District Heating RehabilitationProject Final Report, Section 6 EnvironmentalImpact Review TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............. 1 6.1 Introduction ........................................... 1 6.2 Present situation........................................... 1 6.2.1 Location............................................... 1 6.2.2 Fuels ................................................ 3 6.2.3 Emissions............................................... 4 6.2.4 Air quality in the city ............................................... 6 6.2.5 European standards regarding air ernissions ....................................... 7 6.2.6 Environment and Economy .................... ........................... 8 6.3 Situation after suggested conversion.................................... 10 6.3.1 Location ............................................... I 0 6.3.2 Fuels ............................................... I1 6.3.3 Emissions ............................................... I1 6.3.4 Air quality in Riga ............................................... 15 6.3.5 Environment and economy ..................... .......................... 15 6.4 Summary........................................... 17 December 21, 1998 - FVB - g:lidal97360draftfitnal,rpoflrig,ams.do Riga District Heating RehabilitationProject Final Report, Section 6 Environmental Impact Review 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6.1 Introduction The goal for this environmental impact review is to investigate the environmental effects of rehabilitation project. The environmental situation regarding air emissions, before and after the planned rehabilitation, is compared. Handling of rest products and other kinds of waste such as asbestos is also being described. 6.2 Present situation 6.2.1 Location The district heating system in Riga is mainly supplied with heat from eight large plants: TEC-l, TEC-2, Andrejsala, Imanta, Zasulauks, Daugavgriva, Ziepniekkalns and Vecmilgravis. TEC 1, TEC2 and Andrejsala are owned by Latvenergo and the other district heating plants belong to Rigas Siltums. The plants in Riga had the following capacity/production in 1997: Table 6.2.1.1 Fuel, ca pacity and produc ion of the district heating plants in Riga. Heating plant Fuel at present Capacity Production 1997 (Gcal /h) (Tcal) TEC-1 gas/heavy fuel 530 634 oil/milled peat _ TEC-2 gas/heavy fuel oil 1100 2241 Andrejsala gas/heavy fuel oil 250 494 Imanta gas/heavy fuel oil 300 424 Zasulauks gas/heavy fuel oil 200 286 Daugavgriva heavy fuel oil/wood 48 53,3 Ziepniekkalns gas/heavy fuel oil 104 186 Vecmilgravis gas 140 159 small boiler houses gas/coal/wood _ 229 Total 2672 4706,3 Source: Riga Siltums Annual report of 1996, Andris Boze facsimile dated 1998 02 02 The district heating system also consists of a large number of small boiler houses. Altogether the small plants produced 228828 Gcal in 1997. December 21., 1998 - FVB - gwsidai97360drdaffi.dreponrisgsee6dod Riga District Heating Rehabilitation Project 2 Final Report, Section 6 Environmental Impact Review Fi ure 6.2.1.1 Map over the district heating plants in Riga Mos he lag disbtrict eti pls ar la o t r r=.~~~~~~~~~~~~. ' . /ran.l t X \4 Most of the larger district heating plants are located outside the city center, except for the Latvenergo owned Andrejsala, which is located quite close to the city, right on the riverbank of the Daugava. No private houses seem however to be situated in the direct neighborhood of the plant. TEC 2 is situated outside the city, south- east of Riga, in an industrial area. TEC I is located north of the city center, on the outskirts of the city, in a small industrial area. Ziepniekkalns is situated outside the city, to the south of Riga. Daugavgriva is situated in a small suburb north of Riga, on the left bank of the Daugava, quite close to the Baltic Sea. Vecmilgravis is located in another suburb north of Riga and right of the river Daugava. Several of the small boiler houses - and also the larger district heating plants Imanta and Zasulauks - are located quite close to the city centre, on the west side of the Daugava. Most of these small plants are however fired with gas, which means that not many vehicles have to pass through the central areas in order to provide the plants with fuel. December 21., 1998 - FVB- g.id&973601drqfi-I -p-1 rg dod Riga District Heating RehabilitationProject 3 Final Report, Section 6 EnvironmentalImpact Review In general the location of the heating plants is good from transportation point of view. 6.2.2 Fuels The two mostly used fuels are natural gas (6800 Tcal in 1997) and heavy fuel oil (900 Tcal in 1997). In TEC 1, 470 Tcal of peat was combusted in 1997. Only small amounts of wood and coal are used in the system. Table 6.2.2.1 Fuel analysis o heav fuel oil water (wt %) 3,00 sulfuir(wt %) |2,10 SNetheat value of combustion (kJ/kg) |39000 Source:Ainars Ozols,Riga Siltums Table 6.2.2.2 Fuel analysis of natural gas CH4 (vol %) 97,70 C2 H6 (vol %) 0,80 N 0 0,90 Net heat value of combustion (kJ/Nm3 ) 33500 Source: Ainars Ozols, Riga Siltums The heavy fuel oil is transported by train. Upon arrival the mazut is heated by steam and poured into a receiving reservoir. During this process HC is emitted to the air. The estimated amount of emitted hydrocarbon is presented in the table below. The storage of mazut in oil containers also causes emissions of HC. This too is presented in the table below. Table 6.2.2.3 Emissions from storing and unloading heavy fuel oil 1997.. Actual emissions Actual emissions HC emission limit from storing in from unloading values (ton) containers (ton) mazut (ton) TEC-1 1,7*) 1,7 TEC-2 4,0 *) 4,0 Andrejsala 5,4 *) 5,4 Imanta 3,0 0,6 4,2 Zasulauks 1,0 0,2 3,4 Daugavgriva 0,06 0,01 0,088 Ziepniekkalns 0 0 2,078**) Vecmilgravis 0 0 0 Small boilers 0,07 0,01 0,137 Total 15,23 0,82 21 Source: Andris Boze,facsimile dated Feb 2, 1998 *) Total emissions **) The norm was given in 1997 10 09. Since that time mazut was not burnt. The system for unloading and storing mazut is sometimes (like in Daugavgriva) in a bad condition, which creates undesirable working conditions. Therefore, an investigation should be undertaken to see if it is possible from an economnicalpoint of view to carry out the unloading of mazut in a more environmentally friendly way. December21., 1998 - FVB- g:LWidai97360/dnflflmreponiigo.-6.doc Riga District Heating Rehabilitation Project 4 Final Report, Section 6 Environmental Impact Review 6.2.3 Emissions Emnissionsto air In 1997 the average emissions from the different district heating plants were as follows: Table 6.2.3.1 Emissions in mg/MJproduced ener from the district h atingsystem Heating plant dust S02 NOx V205 CO HC C02 *) (mglMJ) (mg/MJ) (mg/MJ) (mgfMJ) (mg/MJ) (mg/MJ) (g/MJ) TEC-1 99 414 181 0,23 0 0,64 37 TEC-2 3,0 182 238 1,3 0 0,43 64 Andrejsala 0,38 14 55 0,19 0 2,6 64 Imanta . 7,8 687 39 2,7 0 2,0 73 Zasulauks 4,0 313 17 1,4 0 I,I 72 Daugavgriva 11,5 562 75 2,2 823 0,3 93**) Ziepniekkalns 3,2 337 103 1,4 91 0 69 Vecrnilgravis 0 0 24 0 0 0 70 Small boilers 203 211 83 0,7 159 0,08 74 These data are calculatedfrom the values of production (given in table 6.2.1.1) and the values of emissions in ton/year (given in table 6.2.3.2). *) The emissions of C02 are calculatedfrom: Oil: 80 weight% C content, LHV (lower net heat of combustion)= 39 MJ/kg Gas: 75 weight% C content, LHV =33,5 MJ/Nm3 Peat: regarded as a biofuel with no net emissions of CO2 **) These emissions should be somewhat lower, because the production with wood is not included The emissions, reported from Rigas Siltums plants (Andrejsala, Imanta and Zasulauks), especially those of Nox, are remarkably low - the same level or lower than NOx emissions from modem plants. During 1997 the plants emitted the following amount of pollutants, given in tons. Table 6.2.3.2 Emissions in tons from the district heating system (power production is not included) Heating plant dust S02 NOx V205 CO HC" C02**) (ton) (ton) (ton) (ton) (ton) (ton) (ton) TEC-1 263 1100 480 0,6 1,7 97000 TEC-2 28 1711 2228 12,3 4,0 600000 Andrejsala 0,78 29 113 0,4 5,4 133000 Imanta 14 1220 70 4,8 3,6 130000 Zasulauks 4,8 377 21 1,7 1,3 86000 Daugavgriva 2,6 127 17 0,5 186 0,07 21000"" Ziepniekkalns 2,5 264 81 1,1 71 0 54000 Vecmilgravis 0 0 16 0 0 0 46000 Small boiler houses 195 203 80 0,7 152 0,08 71000 Total 510,68 5031 3106 22,1 409 16,15 1240000 *) Emissions from storing mazut in containers. Source: A. Boze, Riga Siltums, facsimile dated 1998 02 02 **) The emissions of C02 are calculatedfrom table 6.2.3.1. ***) These emissions should be somewhat lower, because the production with wood is not included December 21.. 1998 - FVB - sid.19736O1d,oftfi.delponligo6.dg. Riga District HeatingRehabilitation Project 5 Final Report,Section 6 EnvironmentalImpact Review Emissions to water The drainage water from the oil storage tanks goes to a water settling reservoir. The oil on top of the reservoir is separated from the water. The water in the reservoir is discharged to the municipal waste water network. The table below shows the average content of oil products in the water that is discharged from the plant to the waste water network.
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