Thought Catalog Transphobia Is Perfectly Natural
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Transgender Representation on American Narrative Television from 2004-2014
TRANSJACKING TELEVISION: TRANSGENDER REPRESENTATION ON AMERICAN NARRATIVE TELEVISION FROM 2004-2014 A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Kelly K. Ryan May 2021 Examining Committee Members: Jan Fernback, Advisory Chair, Media and Communication Nancy Morris, Media and Communication Fabienne Darling-Wolf, Media and Communication Ron Becker, External Member, Miami University ABSTRACT This study considers the case of representation of transgender people and issues on American fictional television from 2004 to 2014, a period which represents a steady surge in transgender television characters relative to what came before, and prefigures a more recent burgeoning of transgender characters since 2014. The study thus positions the period of analysis as an historical period in the changing representation of transgender characters. A discourse analysis is employed that not only assesses the way that transgender characters have been represented, but contextualizes American fictional television depictions of transgender people within the broader sociopolitical landscape in which those depictions have emerged and which they likely inform. Television representations and the social milieu in which they are situated are considered as parallel, mutually informing discourses, including the ways in which those representations have been engaged discursively through reviews, news coverage and, in some cases, blogs. ii To Desmond, Oonagh and Eamonn For everything. And to my mother, Elaine Keisling, Who would have read the whole thing. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Throughout the research and writing of this dissertation, I have received a great deal of support and assistance, and therefore offer many thanks. To my Dissertation Chair, Jan Fernback, whose feedback on my writing and continued support and encouragement were invaluable to the completion of this project. -
List of Terms Related to Queer People, Queer Cultures, Or the LGBT Movement in Myanmar
List of Terms Related to Queer People, Queer Cultures, or the LGBT Movement in Myanmar When using particular English words to refer to queer people, queer cultures, or the LGBT movement in Myanmar, queer Burmese often have meanings spe- cific to their context that diverge from the English words’ original meanings in places such as the United States. I use italics when the English loan words refer to distinctive meanings that Burmese queer people have in mind. For example, where the text refers to “gay” with and without italics, there are differences in the meanings. achauk Regarded by Burmese LGBT activists as a derogatory reference to apwint, the word literally refers to something dry and is commonly thought to connote the physical quality of having anal sex with somebody identified as such. apone “Hider,” somebody who was assigned male at birth, identifies to some degree as feminine, and is attracted to men but appears and acts masculine. apwint “Open,” somebody who was assigned male at birth, identifies to some degree as feminine, is attracted to men, and appears and acts feminine.1 baw pyar Literally “flat balls,” a derogatory reference to tomboys. gandu Regarded as a derogatory word for apwint.2 gay Somebody who identifies as male and is attracted to men, most likely those who identify as homo or gay. Some apwint and apone, however, also refer to themselves alternatively as gay. homo Somebody who identifies as male and is attracted to men, most likely those who identify as homo or gay; the word, however, is often used to refer to apone as well. -
Crossdressing Cinema: an Analysis of Transgender
CROSSDRESSING CINEMA: AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSGENDER REPRESENTATION IN FILM A Dissertation by JEREMY RUSSELL MILLER Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2012 Major Subject: Communication CROSSDRESSING CINEMA: AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSGENDER REPRESENTATION IN FILM A Dissertation by JEREMY RUSSELL MILLER Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Co-Chairs of Committee, Josh Heuman Aisha Durham Committee Members, Kristan Poirot Terence Hoagwood Head of Department, James A. Aune August 2012 Major Subject: Communication iii ABSTRACT Crossdressing Cinema: An Analysis of Transgender Representation in Film. (August 2012) Jeremy Russell Miller, B.A., University of Arkansas; M.A., University of Arkansas Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Joshua Heuman Dr. Aisha Durham Transgender representations generally distance the transgender characters from the audience as objects of ridicule, fear, and sympathy. This distancing is accomplished through the use of specific narrative conventions and visual codes. In this dissertation, I analyze representations of transgender individuals in popular film comedies, thrillers, and independent dramas. Through a textual analysis of 24 films, I argue that the narrative conventions and visual codes of the films work to prevent identification or connection between the transgender characters and the audience. The purpose of this distancing is to privilege the heteronormative identities of the characters over their transgender identities. This dissertation is grounded in a cultural studies approach to representation as constitutive and constraining and a positional approach to gender that views gender identity as a position taken in a specific social context. -