NUBIAN MOSES, ETHIOPIAN EXODUS, ARABIAN SOLOMON RECONSTRUCTING THE OLD TESTAMENT NARRATIVE Bernard Leeman Mekele, Tigray Province, Ethiopia 2 August 2015
[email protected] SUMMARY The Hebrew/Old Testament contains a highly detailed account of the history of the Jews that begins with the arrival of their ancestral Hebrew in the Holy Land under the Patriarch Abraham. After centuries of slave labour in Egypt the Hebrew were freed by the Prophet Moses, who united them under divine law (Torah) and led them in an epic journey to the Promised Land of Canaan, which was eventually subdued by Joshua most probably around 1200 BC. Two ―Israelite‖ kingdoms emerged that enjoyed a zenith of about seventy five years under King David and King Solomon (ca.1000-925 BC). The northern kingdom (Israel) was destroyed by the Assyrians ca.722/721 BC and the southern kingdom (Judah) by the Babylonians ca. 586 BC. According to the Old Testament, the Jews (from the kingdom of Judah) returned to Jerusalem after they had assisted the Persians overthrow the Babylonians in the fifth century BC. It was in this period that the Old Testament was compiled, under the leadership of Ezra the priest-scribe [Coogan; Nicholson; Van der Toorn] Systematic scientific archaeology commenced in the British controlled Holy Land (Palestine) in the 1920‘s, specifically to confirm the Old Testament record [Albright]. This coincided with migration of persecuted Jews from Europe and elsewhere that culminated in the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, whose raison d‘être was partly that the Holy Land was the divinely ordained Jewish Promised Land but mostly because the preceding centuries had proved that it was largely impossible for Jews to find security and equitable treatment elsewhere.1 .