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A STUDY of HANDICRAFT..Pdf University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh A STUDY ON HANDICRAFTS AS A PRO-POOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN FOUR CRAFT VILLAGES IN ASHANTI REGION, GHANA BY ALEXANDER YAO SEGBEFIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) DEGREE IN GEOGRAPHY AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA LEGON AUGUST, 2009 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh STUDY ON HANDICRAFTS AS A PRO-POOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN FOUR CRAFT VILLAGES IN ASHANTI REGION, GHANA BY ALEXANDER YAO SEGBEFIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA. LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph D) DEGREE IN GEOGRAPHY AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, UNIVERSITY OF GI IANA LEGON AUGUST, 2009 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh U f c University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION 1, Alexander Yao Segbefia, do hereby declare that this piece of work is, to a great extent, the result of my own field investigations and analyses undertaken under supervision. 1 lowever, other people’s works have been consulted and have been duly acknowledged. This piece of work is in no way a reproduction, in part or in whole, of any work ever presented for the award of a degree. b<z Date: Segbefia Thesis Supervisory Committee: Signed: frTT...................... Date: Principal Supervisor: Professor Alex Boakye Asiedu Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon Signed: Date: Supervisor: Dr. Samuel Charles K. Buame Business Schopl, University of Ghana, Legon Signed:.. \p.. a * _ 3 3 L - M : . ? ? . ! 0 Supervisor: Professor Paul W.fC. Yankson Department ofGeography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Legon University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION To Dela. Afealetey, Dzidzienyo, Aku, Sladen, Christine and to the loving memory ol my grandmother I dedicate this thesis. At the same time, and no less sincerely, 1 dedicate this thesis to my siblings and all the hardworking artisans and crafts merchants of Ghana. Alexander Yao Segbefia December 2008 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am deeply grateful to the directors of the collaborative research on “The Changing Faces of Poverty*' undertaken by the Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway: Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana. Logon; and Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Cape Coast funded by Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Higher Education (NUFU). I am indebted to all the senior members both in Norway and in Ghana for giving me the opportunity to be part of this project, and for their constructive criticisms and contributions during presentation of the proposal of the study and preliminary findings at graduate seminars and project workshops. Nevertheless, it is appropriate to acknowledge that putting the original draft into its present shape drew heavily on the invaluable directions from my supervisors: Professor Alex B. Asiedu, Professor Paul W.K Yankson and Dr. Charles K. Buame. I also owe a great debt of gratitude to Professor Michael Hitchcock, who accepted me in the International Institute for Culture, Tourism and Development (I1CTD), London Metropolitan University as a Visiting PhD Student. I appreciate the long discussions and constructive criticisms that have helped to upgrade the present draft. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my colleagues, especially. Charlotte Wrigley Asante, Kissah Korsah, James Eshun, Felix Asante and K wad wo Afriyie for their support and motivation. I am grateful for the encouragement and interest that Prof. Stig Jorgensen, Prof. Awusabo Asare, Prof. Ranghild Lund, Prof. Dei, Bjornar Sylvestad, Berit and Shahid Aktah showed in my work. The inestimable support and encouragement of senior colleagues at the Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology n(KN£3^T^, is very much appreciated. Professor Dr. Dr. Daniel Buor. Professor S. K. Okleme, Dr. P^fe^Shene Kyei'^nd Dr. Eva Tagoe-Darko deserve special mention. I am grateful for financial assistance the K.NIJST including the Teaching and Learning Innovation Fund (TALIF) award. The completion stud-v \Votild have been further delayed without your generous support. I have had much assistance from so many people and institutions in the preparation of this thesis that it would be impossible to mention them all by name and give them due credit and to thank them adequately. However, special gratitude goes to Mr. Ben Nsiah of Ghana Tourist Board, Miss Juliet King Malik of the IICTD. London Metropolitan University, Mr. and Mrs. Anarfi, Mr. and Mrs. Atta Panin, and Mr. and Mrs. Tweneboa Kodua of London. To Monica, Victor. Seth, Dzifa and Angelo, 1 say a big thank you for your friendship and support during my studies in London. To all those who gave advise and help in any form, but who are not mentioned specifically, I say a sincere thank you. 1 wish to make it clear that I am solely responsible for any errors of fact, omission and misinterpretations that may appear in the thesis. University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ABSTRACT This study examines handicraft production and the effects of local and global spatio-temporal changes on craft production and craft-based livelihoods in the Ashanti region of Ghana. It also investigates the coping and survival mechanisms craftspeople have adopted to overcome production difficulties and poverty. The study is philosophically grounded in cultural geography (cultural globalisation). Using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, Value Chain analysis. Participatory Wealth Ranking and CASHPOR House Index (CHI) in combination with some descriptive and inferential statistics, the study identified some of the spatial and temporal changes that have occurred within craft villages, and their effects on the livelihoods and coping capacities of different categories of craftsmen and women. Focus group discussions and interviews were the main research instruments; however, these were supplemented with questionnaires administered to a hundred and thirty-eight craftspeople. Highlights of key findings, cross tabulations and chi-square were employed in the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data respectively. The ‘pro-poor* focus of the cultural, tourism and poverty reduction policy frameworks were found to be inadequate, and effective implementation was lacking in many cases. The production, survival, sustainability and authenticity of cultural goods and associated livelihoods in the crafts villages were found to be susceptible to local and global ‘threats' and ‘opportunities’. Coping and survival capacities, however, varied from place to place, at different times and by gender. Few skilled artisans and many craft merchants were found in some of the crafts villages. Merchants resorted to the use of cheaper child labour and migrant artisans. Truancy, low academic achievement and a high school drop­ out rate among the youth in craft villages; Inequalities and illiteracy prevented some artisans from deriving enhanced benefits, and were not able to participate in decision making in their communities and within the craft industry. Cultural goods were directed at tourists and the export market, with implications for authenticity, whilst factory produced imitations and issues of intellectual property rights emerged. To secure craft-based livelihoods, reduce poverty and deal with local and global threa^&^^(Tpp8rf&ei^es, the iff 'j'v A study recommends that Ghanaian cultural goods should be re-directed at the l^paV market. VMwrable craftspeople need to be provided with financial, marketing and technical suppom m capacity R id in g . / A---- Clustering, public-private linkages development, reorganization of the production process^s.and education is seen as possible solutions to streamline the crafts sector, reduce poverty and to secure livelihoods. The study also proposes the adoption of ‘community copyrights' as a way of protecting intellectual property rights of craftspeople in the craft villages. Finally, the study concludes that pro-poor craft development approaches hold the keys to successful development of cultural goods and pro-poor tourism for poverty reduction. IV University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page................................................................................................................................................................Page Declaration....................................................................................................................................................................i Dedication....................................................................................................................................................................ii Acknowledgement.....................................................................................................................................................iii Abstract....................................................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................................v
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