DOCSLIB.ORG

Spongiaires Irciniidae De Méditerranée

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spongiaires Irciniidae De Méditerranée UNIVERSITE DE LA MEDITERRANEE AIX-MARSEILLE II ECOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT Thèse de Doctorat en Océanographie Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Charline ABED Le 25 Novembre 2011 Spongiaires Irciniidae de Méditerranée : chimiotaxonomie, métabolites volatils et bio-indicateurs de pollution par les éléments traces métalliques. Jury : Rapporteurs : AL-MOURABIT Ali DR2 CNRS, ICSN, Gif / Yvette CULIOLI Gérald MC, Université du Sud Toulon - Var Examinateurs : VACELET Jean DR1 CNRS, Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille BITAR Ghazi Professeur, Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Liban Directeurs de thèse : FERAL Jean-Pierre DR1 CNRS, Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille MEHIRI Mohamed MC, Université de Nice Sophia - Antipolis REMERCIEMENTS Je remercie le Docteur Jean-Pierre Féral, directeur du laboratoire de DIMAR – UMR 6540, du Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, d’avoir accepté de diriger cette thèse. Mes remerciements vont au laboratoire LCMBA (Laboratoire de Chimie des Molécules Bioactives et des Arômes) - UMR 6001, de l’Université de Nice Sophia - Antipolis et à son directeur le Docteur Pierre Vierling pour m’avoir acceuilli tout au long de ma thèse. Je suis très honorée que le Docteur Ali Almourabit, directeur de recherche à l’Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Gif / Yvette et le Docteur Gérald Culioli, maître de conférences à l’Université du Sud Toulon - Var, aient accepté de juger ce travail. Qu’ils trouvent ici l’expression de ma considération et de mes remerciements. Je remercie également le Docteur Jean Vacelet, directeur de recherche au Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille pour ses conseils précieux concernant la taxonomie des espèces et ses remarques pour le manuscrit. Je tiens à remercier le Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) au Liban de m’avoir attribué une bourse interne pour ma thèse, ainsi que le soutien financier d’EGIDE (Ambassade de France au Liban), de l’Université de Nice Sophia - Antipolis et du CNRS en France qui m’a été accordé par les laboratoires LCMBA et DIMAR. Je remercie également le GDR BioChiMar pour la bourse attribuée à ma participation au « 6th European Conference on Marine Natural Products » à Porto, (Portugal) et qui m’a permis d’exposer une partie de mes résultats. Je remercie tous les membres du programme ECIMAR ANR-Biodiversité, plongeurs et non- plongeurs, qui ont participé à la récolte des échantillons provenant de plusieurs sites de la mer Méditerranée. Mes remerciements au Docteur Philippe Amade, directeur de l’équipe Substances Naturelles Marines au Laboratoire LCMBA de l’Université de Nice Sophia - Antipolis, pour ses précieux conseils et remarques concernant ce travail. J’exprime toute ma gratitude envers les Docteurs Charlotte Hurel, Cécilia Castel et Jean- Jacques Filippi pour leur agréable encadrement au cours de mes expériences au sein de leurs unités de recherche. Je tiens à exprimer toute ma reconnaissance à mon co-directeur de thèse et encadrant, le Docteur Mohamed Mehiri, pour ses conseils et sa disponibilité au quotidien ; son aide et sa confiance m’ont été d’une importance cruciale pour le déroulement de ma thèse. Je lui exprime ma gratitude pour tout le soutien qu’il continue à m’accorder. Je remercie profondément ma sœur pour sa présence, son support moral et ses encouragements me donnaient un énorme élan à chaque fois que j’en avais besoin. Ma plus grande gratitude et mon profond respect à mon père pour son support et ses conseils précieux qui ont été essentiels à ma vie et mes études. Cette thèse a principalement été préparée au sein des trois laboratoires suivants : Laboratoire de Chimie des Molécules Bioactives et des Arômes (LCMBA) UMR 6001 Equipe Substances Naturelles Marines Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences 28 avenue de Valrose, F – 06108 Nice, Cedex 2, France Laboratoire Diversité, Evolution et Ecologie Fonctionnelle Marine (DIMAR) UMR 6540 Centre d’Océanologie de Marseille Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France Centre National des Sciences Marines (CNSM) Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) – Liban P.O. Box 534, Batroun, Liban RESUME Spongiaires Irciniidae de Méditerranée : chimiotaxonomie, métabolites volatils et bio- indicateurs de pollution par les éléments traces métalliques Le projet de recherche qui m’a été confié concerne l’étude des éponges Irciniidae de Méditerranée : Ircinia oros, I. variabilis, I. dendroides, Sarcotragus spinosulus et S. foetidus ; collectées, dans le cadre du programme ECIMAR (ANR Biodiversité 2006), dans huit différents sites : détroit de Gibraltar (Ceuta - Espagne), bassin nord occidental (Costa Blanca et l’Estartit – Espagne et Banyuls, Marseille et l’île de Corse - France) et le bassin oriental (Crète - Grèce et Liban) . La famille Irciniidae est actuellement constituée de trois genres : Ircinia, Sarcotragus et Psammocinia. La systématique de ces éponges est relativement complexe. Ainsi, le statut de Sarcotragus est considéré comme incertain et la distinction entre certaines espèces d’Ircinia fait encore l’objet de nombreuses discussions. Pour tenter de clarifier ce désordre de la classification biologique, nous avons choisi, dans un premier temps, une étude chimiotaxonomique basée sur la RMN 1H et les analyses multivariées. Par cette approche de métabolomique des différentes espèces, nous avons pu démontrer que les genres Ircinia et Sarcotragus sont caractérisés, d’un point de vue chimique, par des marqueurs chimiotaxonomiques appartenant respectivement à la famille des furanoterpènes et des hydroquinones prénylées. Dans un second temps, nous avons mené une étude comparative des composés volatils présents dans les espèces I. oros, I. variabilis, I. dendroides et S. spinosulus, provenant de trois sites : Marseille, Ceuta et Costa blanca. En effet, des composés volatils comme le diméthylsulfure, le méthylisocyanate et le méthylisothiocyanate, sont présents dans Ircinia felix et ils sont responsables de la forte odeur caractéristique et nauséabonde de cette espèce. L’identité et le rôle écologique potentiel de l’ensemble des volatils sont encore peu étudiés. Plusieurs hypothèses concernant leurs origines ont été proposées (éponge et/ou symbiote) sans toutefois parvenir à une conclusion certaine. De plus, les composés volatils présents dans les éponges Sarcotragus n’ont pas été étudiés, bien qu’elles se distinguent également par une forte odeur. Dans ce cadre, nous avons mis au point un protocole d’étude des composés volatils des spongiaires en utilisant la microextraction SPME de l’espace de tête et l’analyse par CG-SM et/ou CG*CG-MS. Les composés identifiés sont des alcanes, des alcènes, des aldéhydes, des dérivés furaniques et soufrés, issus fort probablement de la dégradation de terpénoïdes par les bactéries associées aux éponges. Enfin, nous avons réalisé une étude comparative de la bioaccumulation d’éléments trace métalliques (ETM) par I. oros, I. variabilis et S. spinosulus, afin d’identifier de potentiels bioindicateurs de pollution par les ETM dont la contamination a considérablement augmenté en Méditerranée pendant ces 20 dernières années. Notre étude a révélé que les différentes espèces semblent bioaccumuler l’arsenic, le chrome, le cuivre, le fer et le plomb, alors qu’elles régulent le cadmium. Mots clefs : Irciniidae, mer Méditerranée, marqueurs chimiotaxonomiques, composés volatiles, SPME, bio-indicateurs. ABSTRACT The Irciniidae marine sponges from the Mediterranean Sea: secondary metabolism, volatile compounds and potential bio-indicators of a heavy metal pollution Marine sponges of the Irciniidae family (I. oros, I. variabilis, I. dendroides, S. spinosulus and S. foetidus) collected during the french ANR program ECIMAR from eight different areas over the Mediterranean Sea: Gibraltar Straits (Ceuta - Spain), North Western basin (Costa Blanca and Estartit – Spain and Banyuls, Marseille and Corsica Island - France, and Monaco) and Eastern basin (Crete - Greece and Lebanon) were studied. We used first a chemotaxonomical approach based on 1H NMR chemical fingerprints and multivariate analysis to better characterize the species. Systematic of the Irciniidae family is still unclear, notably the status of Sarcotragus is viewed as uncertain and the distinction of some Ircinia species remains difficult. To clarify this biological classification disorder, we used a chemosystematics strategy. In the present study, we showed that Ircinia and Sarcotragus genera are chemically characterized by chemotaxonomic markers belonging to furanoterpenes and prenylated hydroquinones families respectively. We report also a comparative GC-MS analysis of the volatile components of S. spinolusus, I. oros, I. variabilis and I. dendroides using static headspace solid phase microextraction (HS- SPME). Sponges of the genus Ircinia were described to exude low-molecular-weight volatile compounds (e.g., dimethyl sulfide, methyl isocyanide, methyl isothiocyanate) that give these sponges a characteristic strong and unpleasant odor. To date, the volatile constituents of sponges of the genus Sarcotragus have not been studied, though their odor is no lighter than the associated genus Ircinia from the same family. The impact of different parameters (e.g., sample weight, fiber coating, extraction time and temperature) was evaluated to determine the best conditions of analysis. The types of compounds identified include alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, furans, and sulfides probably produced from bacterial degradation of naturally occurring
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS of the 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project
    DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project March 2018 DEEP SEA LEBANON RESULTS OF THE 2016 EXPEDITION EXPLORING SUBMARINE CANYONS Towards Deep-Sea Conservation in Lebanon Project Citation: Aguilar, R., García, S., Perry, A.L., Alvarez, H., Blanco, J., Bitar, G. 2018. 2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons. Oceana, Madrid. 94 p. DOI: 10.31230/osf.io/34cb9 Based on an official request from Lebanon’s Ministry of Environment back in 2013, Oceana has planned and carried out an expedition to survey Lebanese deep-sea canyons and escarpments. Cover: Cerianthus membranaceus © OCEANA All photos are © OCEANA Index 06 Introduction 11 Methods 16 Results 44 Areas 12 Rov surveys 16 Habitat types 44 Tarablus/Batroun 14 Infaunal surveys 16 Coralligenous habitat 44 Jounieh 14 Oceanographic and rhodolith/maërl 45 St. George beds measurements 46 Beirut 19 Sandy bottoms 15 Data analyses 46 Sayniq 15 Collaborations 20 Sandy-muddy bottoms 20 Rocky bottoms 22 Canyon heads 22 Bathyal muds 24 Species 27 Fishes 29 Crustaceans 30 Echinoderms 31 Cnidarians 36 Sponges 38 Molluscs 40 Bryozoans 40 Brachiopods 42 Tunicates 42 Annelids 42 Foraminifera 42 Algae | Deep sea Lebanon OCEANA 47 Human 50 Discussion and 68 Annex 1 85 Annex 2 impacts conclusions 68 Table A1. List of 85 Methodology for 47 Marine litter 51 Main expedition species identified assesing relative 49 Fisheries findings 84 Table A2. List conservation interest of 49 Other observations 52 Key community of threatened types and their species identified survey areas ecological importanc 84 Figure A1.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materials: Patterns of Sponge Biodiversity in the Pilbara, Northwestern Australia
    Diversity 2016, 8, 21; doi:10.3390/d8040021 S1 of S3 9 Supplementary Materials: Patterns of Sponge Biodiversity in the Pilbara, Northwestern Australia Jane Fromont, Muhammad Azmi Abdul Wahab, Oliver Gomez, Merrick Ekins, Monique Grol and John Norman Ashby Hooper 1. Materials and Methods 1.1. Collation of Sponge Occurrence Data Data of sponge occurrences were collated from databases of the Western Australian Museum (WAM) and Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) [1]. Pilbara sponge data on ALA had been captured in a northern Australian sponge report [2], but with the WAM data, provides a far more comprehensive dataset, in both geographic and taxonomic composition of sponges. Quality control procedures were undertaken to remove obvious duplicate records and those with insufficient or ambiguous species data. Due to differing naming conventions of OTUs by institutions contributing to the two databases and the lack of resources for physical comparison of all OTU specimens, a maximum error of ± 13.5% total species counts was determined for the dataset, to account for potentially unique (differently named OTUs are unique) or overlapping OTUs (differently named OTUs are the same) (157 potential instances identified out of 1164 total OTUs). The amalgamation of these two databases produced a complete occurrence dataset (presence/absence) of all currently described sponge species and OTUs from the region (see Table S1). The dataset follows the new taxonomic classification proposed by [3] and implemented by [4]. The latter source was used to confirm present validities and taxon authorities for known species names. The dataset consists of records identified as (1) described (Linnean) species, (2) records with “cf.” in front of species names which indicates the specimens have some characters of a described species but also differences, which require comparisons with type material, and (3) records as “operational taxonomy units” (OTUs) which are considered to be unique species although further assessments are required to establish their taxonomic status.
    [Show full text]
  • Olympia Oyster (Ostrea Lurida)
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Olympia Oyster Ostrea lurida in Canada SPECIAL CONCERN 2011 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2011. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Olympia Oyster Ostrea lurida in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xi + 56 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous report(s): COSEWIC. 2000. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Olympia Oyster Ostrea conchaphila in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 30 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm) Gillespie, G.E. 2000. COSEWIC status report on the Olympia Oyster Ostrea conchaphila in Canada in COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Olympia Oyster Ostrea conchaphila in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-30 pp. Production note: COSEWIC acknowledges Graham E. Gillespie for writing the provisional status report on the Olympia Oyster, Ostrea lurida, prepared under contract with Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The contractor’s involvement with the writing of the status report ended with the acceptance of the provisional report. Any modifications to the status report during the subsequent preparation of the 6-month interim and 2-month interim status reports were overseen by Robert Forsyth and Dr. Gerald Mackie, COSEWIC Molluscs Specialist Subcommittee Co-Chair. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur l’huître plate du Pacifique (Ostrea lurida) au Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Heat Processing of Shellfish
    CHAPTER 8A Heat Processing of Shellfish EIICHI TANIKAWA Laboratory of Marine Food Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan AND SHAMSUD DOHA1 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan I. Introduction 305 II. Crustacean Shellfish 306 A. Crabs 306 B. Lobsters 318 C. Shrimps and Prawns 321 III. Molluscan Shellfish 324 A. Oysters 324 B. Scallops 326 C. Abalones 327 D. Clams 328 E. Sea Mussels 331 F. Other Molluscs 333 References 334 I. Introduction Shellfish include crustaceans and molluscs and sometimes other marine invertebrates. As individual categories are not always separated in production statistics, their relative importance is difficult to ascertain. However, a commonly accepted figure is that crustaceans comprise 2% of the total fish catch and molluscs 6%. For crustaceans, the leading producers are the United States, Japan, India, Mexico, and the U.S.S.R. with 5-year averages of 196,300; 120,300; 104,200; 51,000; and 33,700 metric tons production, respectively. Most of these are consumed fresh or frozen. Probably the oldest method of preserving shellfish is by drying. This is still practiced in a few countries. With the advent of canning, this gradually replaced drying. However, canning has in turn become super­ seded by freezing in many areas. The notable exception is in the U.S.S.R., 1 Present Address: Department of Fisheries, East Pakistan Agricultural University, Mymensingh, East Pakistan. 305 306 EIICHI TANIKAWA AND SHAMSUD DOHA where the major portion of the crustacean catch is the Pacific king crab. Most of these are processed at sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Psammocinian Sponges(Demospongiae
    Journal340 of Species Research 7(4):340­347, 2018JOURNAL OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 7, No. 4 Psammocinian sponges (Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida: Irciniidae) from Korea Young A Kim1,*, Kyung Jin Lee2 and Chung Ja Sim1 1Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea 2National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] Four psammocinian species (Demospongiae: Dictyoceratida: Irciniidae) are described from Gageodo and Je­ judo Islands, Korea. Among them, three are new species, Psammocinia rana, P. massa and P. vermins, which are very different from other recorded species. Secondary fibres ofPsammocinia rana are mostly wide plate­ like shape with large perforation. Primary and secondary fibres of Psammocinia massa are lumped together in a thick mass through numerous areas. Psammocinia vemis is similar to P. mosulpia in skeletal structure, but differs in size of cored sands in primary fibres. The fourth species, we reclassify from Ircinia chupoensis to Psammocinia chupoensis based on more detailed observation of the skeletal structure. Ircinia only has sand cored primary fibres, while the observed species, has sand cored primary and secondary fibres. Keywords: ‌Dictyoceratida, Korea, new species, Psammocinia Ⓒ 2018 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2018.7.4.340 INTRODUCTION do Islands, Korea. Individuals were collected from depths of 15­20 m using SCUBA diving during 2002-2009. Col­ The genus Psammocinia in family Irciniidae is charac­ lected specimens were preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol, terized by sand armored surface and skeletal morpholo­ and identified based on their morphological characteris­ gy, comprising of a regular and reticulate fibre skeleton.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiology Handbook: Fish and Seafood
    Copy of Master copy of fish micro handbook 17 April:FishOils.qxd 29/04/2009 16:20 Page i Leatherhead Food International Leatherhead Food International MICROBIOLOGY HANDBOOK FISH AND SEAFOOD Edited by Rhea Fernandes Copy of Master copy of fish micro handbook 17 April:FishOils.qxd 29/04/2009 16:20 Page ii This edition first published 2009 by Leatherhead Publishing, a division of Leatherhead Food International Ltd Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7RY, UK URL: http://www.leatherheadfood.com and Royal Society of Chemistry Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WF, UK URL: http://www.rsc.org Regstered Charity No. 207890 ISBN: 978-1-905224-76-0 A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library © 2009 Leatherhead Food International Ltd The contents of this publication are copyright and reproduction in whole, or in part, is not permitted without the written consent of the Chief Executive of Leatherhead International Limited. Leatherhead International Limited uses every possible care in compiling, preparing and issuing the information herein given but accepts no liability whatsoever in connection with it. All rights reserved Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review as permitted under the terms of the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the Chief Executive of Leatherhead International Ltd, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licencing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Recipes for Sea Food : How to Prepare and Serve Fish, Oysters, Clams, Scallops, Lobsters, Crabs, and Shrimp
    Boston Public Library (Boston (Pu6Cic LiSrary gift of (Benjamin andJane Thompson RECIPES FOR SEA FOOD HOW TO PREPARE AND SERVE FISH, OYSTERS, CLAMS, SCALLOPS, LOBSTERS, CRABS, AND SHRIMP Containing in Addition AN EXPERT TREATISE ON FISH AS A FOOD — ADVICE TO THE COOK— TIME TABLES FOR COOKING—TABLES OF MEASURES AND PROPORTIONS—RULES FOR THE KITCHEN—TERMS USED IN COOKING-PRAC- TICAL POINTS — HOUSEHOLD HINTS- EXTRACTS FROM THE GAME LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS PRESENTED BY FREEMAN & COBB CO. BOSTON, MASS. 7 Copyrighted, 1913, By J. H. Griffin. BOSTON FISH MARKET CORPORATION TESSEES of New Commonwealth Wharf in South J—' Boston, a cut of which will be found on cover, built especially and to be used exclusively for the fresh fish business. Made entirely of cement, brick and glazed tile, thoroughly hygienic, in keeping with require- ments of Board of Health, and fireproof. Provides dock berths for forty vessels and can unload from eighty Vessels at same time. Contains an Adminis- tration Building and Cold Storage and Power Plant, and two long buildings containing forty-four fish stores. The entire property comprises 537,100 square feet. Spur tracks on our property will make railroad facilities ample to all parts of the country. Governor Draper, realizing the value of the industry to his State, was principal factor in getting the lease. The property is the best appointed, and second in size only to Grimsby, England, of any fish market in the world. (iii) NEW ENGLAND FISH EXCHANGE FORMED September, 1908, to maintain a room for the purchase and sale of fish, guaranteeing the consum- mation of all sales and purchases registered with it, serving both dealers and captains of vessels.
    [Show full text]
  • Download and Streaming), and Products (Analytics and Indexes)
    BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 53RD EUROPEAN MARINE BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM OOSTENDE, BELGIUM 17-21 SEPTEMBER 2018 This publication should be quoted as follows: Mees, J.; Seys, J. (Eds.) (2018). Book of abstracts – 53rd European Marine Biology Symposium. Oostende, Belgium, 17-21 September 2018. VLIZ Special Publication, 82. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee - Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ): Oostende. 199 pp. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ) – Flanders Marine Institute InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Oostende, Belgium Tel. +32-(0)59-34 21 30 – Fax +32-(0)59-34 21 31 E-mail: [email protected] – Website: http://www.vliz.be The abstracts in this book are published on the basis of the information submitted by the respective authors. The publisher and editors cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this book of abstracts. Reproduction is authorized, provided that appropriate mention is made of the source. ISSN 1377-0950 Table of Contents Keynote presentations Engelhard Georg - Science from a historical perspective: 175 years of change in the North Sea ............ 11 Pirlet Ruth - The history of marine science in Belgium ............................................................................... 12 Lindeboom Han - Title of the keynote presentation ................................................................................... 13 Obst Matthias - Title of the keynote presentation ...................................................................................... 14 Delaney Jane - Title
    [Show full text]
  • “Diversity and Specificity of the Marine Sponge Microbiome As Inspected by Next Generation Sequencing”
    “DIVERSITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE MARINE SPONGE MICROBIOME AS INSPECTED BY NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING” André Rodrigues Soares Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Microbiana Trabalho efetuado sob a orientação de: Dr. Rodrigo da Silva Costa Prof.ª Dr.ª Maria Margarida dos Prazeres Reis 2015 Acknowledgements For the completion of the present work, the support of the Microbial Ecology and Evolution (MicroEcoEvo) research group at the CCMAR was crucial. Firstly, I thank Rodrigo Costa, my supervisor, who drew me into the field of microbial ecology of marine sponges and posed me the great challenge of tackling the EMP dataset. Furthermore, I am thankful for all the enthusiasm and opportunities provided and for the immense patience! Gianmaria Califano, now in Jena, Austria, and Asunción Lago- Lestón dispensed precious time and patience in the starting phase of this thesis. I further thank Elham Karimi for the help in the laboratory and for our relaxing coffee talks! Tina Keller-Costa, Telma Franco and more recently Miguel Ramos, along with the abovementioned, are all part of the MicroEcoEvo team, to whom I thank for a wonderful first medium-term experience in a laboratory! I admittedly started my Biology Bsc. at the University of Algarve not being fond of any biological entity smaller than 2cm. It was Prof. Margarida Reis (Microbial and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, CIMA, UAlg) who showed me that ‘microbes can do anything’ and went on to accepting the challenge of supervising my Bsc. Technical and Scientific Project. I therefore thank her for introducing me to Microbiology in the best way possible. For the completeness of this work, Lucas Moitinho-Silva (currently at the University of South Wales, Australia), was essential in introducing me to R scripting whilst finishing his PhD at Wüezburg University, Germany.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetically and Spatially Close Marine Sponges Harbour Divergent Bacterial Communities
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC Phylogenetically and Spatially Close Marine Sponges Harbour Divergent Bacterial Communities Cristiane C. P. Hardoim1, Ana I. S. Esteves1, Francisco R. Pires2, Jorge M. S. Gonc¸alves3, Cymon J. Cox4, Joana R. Xavier2,5, Rodrigo Costa1* 1 Microbial Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, Portugal, 2 Centro de Investigac¸a˜o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gene´ticos, Laborato´rio Associado, Po´lo dos Ac¸ores, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Ac¸ores, Ponta Delgada, Ac¸ores, Portugal, 3 Fisheries, Biodiversity and Conservation Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, Portugal, 4 Plant Systematics and Bioinformatics, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, Portugal, 5 Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes, Girona, Spain Abstract Recent studies have unravelled the diversity of sponge-associated bacteria that may play essential roles in sponge health and metabolism. Nevertheless, our understanding of this microbiota remains limited to a few host species found in restricted geographical localities, and the extent to which the sponge host determines the composition of its own microbiome remains a matter of debate. We address bacterial abundance and diversity of two temperate marine sponges belonging to the Irciniidae family - Sarcotragus spinosulus and Ircinia variabilis – in the Northeast Atlantic. Epifluorescence microscopy revealed that S. spinosulus hosted significantly more prokaryotic cells than I. variabilis and that prokaryotic abundance in both species was about 4 orders of magnitude higher than in seawater.
    [Show full text]
  • A Literature Review on the Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve
    A literature review on the Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve Carina Sim-Smith Michelle Kelly 2009 Report prepared by the National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd for: Department of Conservation Northland Conservancy PO Box 842 149-151 Bank Street Whangarei 0140 New Zealand Cover photo: Schooling pink maomao at Northern Arch Photo: Kent Ericksen Sim-Smith, Carina A literature review on the Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve / Carina Sim-Smith, Michelle Kelly. Whangarei, N.Z: Dept. of Conservation, Northland Conservancy, 2009. 112 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 30 cm. Print ISBN: 978-0-478-14686-8 Web ISBN: 978-0-478-14687-5 Report prepared by the National Institue of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd for: Department of Conservation, Northland Conservancy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67 -74). 1. Marine parks and reserves -- New Zealand -- Poor Knights Islands. 2. Poor Knights Islands Marine Reserve (N.Z.) -- Bibliography. I. Kelly, Michelle. II. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (N.Z.) III. New Zealand. Dept. of Conservation. Northland Conservancy. IV. Title. C o n t e n t s Executive summary 1 Introduction 3 2. The physical environment 5 2.1 Seabed geology and bathymetry 5 2.2 Hydrology of the area 7 3. The biological marine environment 10 3.1 Intertidal zonation 10 3.2 Subtidal zonation 10 3.2.1 Subtidal habitats 10 3.2.2 Subtidal habitat mapping (by Jarrod Walker) 15 3.2.3 New habitat types 17 4. Marine flora 19 4.1 Intertidal macroalgae 19 4.2 Subtidal macroalgae 20 5. The Invertebrates 23 5.1 Protozoa 23 5.2 Zooplankton 23 5.3 Porifera 23 5.4 Cnidaria 24 5.5 Ectoprocta (Bryozoa) 25 5.6 Brachiopoda 26 5.7 Annelida 27 5.8.
    [Show full text]
  • Sponge Mortality at Marathon and Long Key, Florida: Patterns of Species Response and Population Recovery
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aquatic Commons Sponge Mortality at Marathon and Long Key, Florida: Patterns of Species Response and Population Recovery JOHN M. STEVELY1*, DONALD E. SWEAT2, THERESA M. BERT3, CARINA SIM-SMITH4, and MICHELLE KELLY4 1Florida Sea Grant College Program, Marine Extension Program, 1303 Seventeenth Street West, Palmetto, Florida 34221 USA. *[email protected]. 2Florida Sea Grant College Program, Marine Extension Program, 830 First Street South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 USA. 3Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 USA. 4National Centre for Aquatic Biodiversity and Biosecurity, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited, Private Bag 109 695, New Market, Auckland, New Zealand. ABSTRACT In the early 1990s, widespread sponge mortality events occurred in the Florida Keys, USA. These mortality events were coincidental with successive blooms of the picoplanktonic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Although the specific cause of sponge death remains unknown, we conclude that bloom conditions caused the death of these sponges. We documented the effects of the mortality events on sponge community biomass and followed the sponge population response of 23 species for up to 15 years (1991 - 2006). In doing so, we provide an unprecedented, long-term, and detailed view of sponge population dynamics in the Florida Keys, following a set of environmental conditions that caused widespread mortality. Abundance of many sponge species following the mortality events was dynamic and contrasts with work done on deep-water sponge communities that have shown such communities to be stable over long periods of time.
    [Show full text]