The French Revolution and the Origins of Human Rights
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Diary of Anastasiia Iakushkina
Ego-writing in French: the diary of Anastasiia Iakushkina Introduction The Decembrist Revolt Anastasiia Vasilevna Iakushkina (1806-46), née Sheremeteva, was the daughter of Vasilii Petrovich Sheremetev (1765-1808) and Nadezhda Nikolaevna Sheremeteva (1775-1850), née Tiutcheva. She married Ivan Dmitrievich Iakushkin (1793-57), a friend of her mother, at the end of 1822. They had two sons, Viacheslav (1823-61) and Evgenii (1826-1905), who was born just after Iakushkin had been arrested for his role in the Decembrist Revolt. The Decembrists, as they came to be known,1 were idealistic army and naval officers who over a long period after the end of the Napoleonic Wars had become disillusioned with the suffocating institution of autocracy. This disillusionment was fed by experience of life in western countries in which they had fought or been stationed during the wars and by familiarity with contemporary western literature, ideas and political movements. In many cases their idealism was also fuelled by discussion of humanitarian ideas in secret societies, such as the so-called Union of Salvation (Союз спасения) and the Union of Welfare (Союз благоденствия) and in Masonic lodges to which they belonged, both in Russia and abroad. On 14 December 1825, hoping to take advantage of the constitutional crisis that followed the sudden death of the Russian Emperor Alexander I on 19 November that year, they refused to swear an oath of allegiance to Alexander’s younger brother, Nicholas (subsequently Nicholas I). The officers and the troops they commanded, numbering some 3,000 men, assembled in Senate Square in St Petersburg, where Etienne Falconet’s famous statue to Peter the Great stands.2 As night fell, the rebellion was put down by a much larger number of troops loyal to Nicholas, who had been forewarned of the conspiracy. -
UNIVERSITY of BELGRADE FACULTY of POLITICAL SCIENCE Regional Master's Program in Peace Studies MASTER's THESIS Revisiting T
UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Regional Master’s Program in Peace Studies MASTER’S THESIS Revisiting the Orange Revolution and Euromaidan: Pro-Democracy Civil Disobedience in Ukraine Academic supervisor: Student: Associate Professor Marko Simendić Olga Vasilevich 9/18 Belgrade, 2020 1 Content Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………3 1. Theoretical section……………………………………………………………………………..9 1.1 Civil disobedience…………………………………………………………………………9 1.2 Civil society……………………………………………………………………………... 19 1.3 Nonviolence……………………………………………………………………………... 24 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 31 2. Analytical section……………………………………………………………………………..33 2.1 The framework for disobedience………………………………………………….…….. 33 2.2 Orange Revolution………………………………………………………………………. 40 2.3 Euromaidan……………………………………………………………………………… 47 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 59 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 62 References……………………………………………………………………………………….67 2 INTRODUCTION The Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity have precipitated the ongoing Ukraine crisis. According to the United Nations Rights Office, the latter has claimed the lives of 13,000 people, including those of unarmed civilian population, and entailed 30,000 wounded (Miller 2019). The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees adds to that 1.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs), 100,000 refugees and asylum-seekers (UNHCR 2014). The armed conflict is of continued relevance to Russia, Europe, as well as the United States. During the first 10 months, -
The Rise of Bulgarian Nationalism and Russia's Influence Upon It
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2014 The rise of Bulgarian nationalism and Russia's influence upon it. Lin Wenshuang University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Wenshuang, Lin, "The rise of Bulgarian nationalism and Russia's influence upon it." (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1548. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1548 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE RISE OF BULGARIAN NATIONALISM AND RUSSIA‘S INFLUENCE UPON IT by Lin Wenshuang B. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 1997 M. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 2002 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Humanities University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Lin Wenshuang All Rights Reserved THE RISE OF BULGARIAN NATIONALISM AND RUSSIA‘S INFLUENCE UPON IT by Lin Wenshuang B. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 1997 M. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 2002 A Dissertation Approved on April 1, 2014 By the following Dissertation Committee __________________________________ Prof. -
The Serbian Paradox: the Cost of Integration Into the European Union
The Serbian Paradox: The Cost of Integration into the European Union Preston Huennekens Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Political Science Yannis A. Stivachtis, Chair Besnik Pula Glenn R. Bugh April 17, 2018 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Serbia, European Union, historical memory, nationalism, Balkan politics The Serbian Paradox: The Cost of Integration into the European Union Preston Huennekens Abstract This project addresses the Republic of Serbia’s current accession negotiations with the European Union, and asks how the country’s long and often turbulent history affects that dialogue. Using Filip Ejdus’ concept of historical memory and Benedict Anderson’s “imagined community” theory of nationalism, this paper discusses how Serbia has reached a critical moment in its history by pursuing European integration. This contradicts their historical pull towards their longtime ally Russia. What role does historical memory play in these negotiations, and is integration truly possible? Additionally, how is Serbia’s powerful president, Aleksandar Vucic, using the Europeanization process to strengthen his hand domestically? Abstract (General Audience) This thesis addresses the Republic of Serbia’s current accession negotiations with the European Union, and asks how the country’s long and often turbulent history affects that dialogue. I argue that Serbia is at a crossroads in its history: on one hand, it wishes to join the European Union, but on the other is continually pulled to the east with their historical ally, Russia. I argue that President Aleksandar Vucic is using the EU negotiations to enhance his own power and that if the EU admits Serbia into the body they will be trading regional stability for Serbian democracy. -
Understanding Revolution
EXCERPTED FROM Understanding Revolution Patrick Van Inwegen Copyright © 2011 ISBNs: 978-1-58826-748-1 hc 978-1-58826-775-7 pb 1800 30th Street, Ste. 314 Boulder, CO 80301 USA telephone 303.444.6684 fax 303.444.0824 This excerpt was downloaded from the Lynne Rienner Publishers website www.rienner.com Contents List of Tables and Figures vii Acknowledgments ix 1 Understanding Revolution 1 2 The “Life Course” of a Revolution 21 3 The Structural Causes of Revolution 35 4 The Role of Ideology, Part 1: Liberalism and Nationalism 57 5 The Role of Ideology, Part 2: Marxism and Religious Thought 77 6 The Sources of Revolutionary Leadership 103 7 Mobilizing the Masses 127 8 The Outcomes of Revolution 147 9 The Study of Revolution 175 Appendix: Case Studies 183 American Revolution (1776–1788) 184 French Revolution (1789–1799) 190 Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) 196 Russian Revolution (1917) 201 Chinese Revolution (1949) 207 Cuban Revolution (1959) 213 Nicaraguan Revolution (1979) 217 Iranian Revolution (1979) 222 v vi Contents Philippine Revolution (1986) 228 Tiananmen Square Prodemocracy Movement (1989) 233 South African Revolution (1994) 239 Rwandan Revolution (1994) 245 Serbian Revolution (2001) 249 East Timorese Independence (1974–2002) 253 Nepalese Revolution (1996–2008) 259 Bibliography 263 Index 273 About the Book 289 1 Understanding Revolution Revolution is the sex of politics. —H. L. Mencken H. L. Mencken’s famous statement on revolutions is illuminating in two re- spects. First, revolutions can be viewed as the sex of politics in the sense that they give birth to nations. Out of revolutionary periods are born the coun- tries that populate the modern international system. -
The Decembrist Revolt and Its Aftermath: Values in Conflict by Robert F
The Decembrist Revolt and its Aftermath: Values in Conflict by Robert F. Baumann Editor’s Note: Look for Shushanna Baumann’s companion piece to this article in the upcoming Special Report featuring papers presented at the 2019 Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium. n December 1825, a group of Russian conspirators attempted to seize power by carrying out an uprising against the tsarist regime. Known as the Decembrist Revolt, Soviet historians embraced the episode as a precursor to the Bolshevik Revolution, which followed a century Ilater. Less well known is that fact that the Decembrist Revolt drew inspiration from the American Revolution and U.S. Constitution. Made up primarily of nobles, officers and professionals, the Decembrists—as they came to be known later—offer a fascinating example of the complexity of ethical decision making. Moved by moral and political convictions to undertake an astonishingly brash and dangerous takeover, they gave meticulous thought to the justification, methods and end state of this extraordinary endeavor. Not only did they leave behind extensive documents and correspondence, but many survivors were extensively interviewed in the aftermath. This record faithfully reflects a process of principled ethical reasoning as well as the phenomenal complexity in taking the drastic step from discussion and debate to action.1 This essay explores the implications of Decembrist actions and their aftermath, as well as the resonance of the entire episode in Russian politics today. Since the period of the Decembrists, there has been a more or less continuous struggle by a significant fraction of Russia’s intellectual class to introduce liberal, Western ideas of legality and governance. -
The Spectator and Dialogues of Power in Early Soviet Theater By
Directed Culture: The Spectator and Dialogues of Power in Early Soviet Theater By Howard Douglas Allen A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Victoria E. Bonnell, Chair Professor Ann Swidler Professor Yuri Slezkine Fall 2013 Abstract Directed Culture: The Spectator and Dialogues of Power in Early Soviet Theater by Howard Douglas Allen Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology University of California, Berkeley Professor Victoria E. Bonnell, Chair The theater played an essential role in the making of the Soviet system. Its sociological interest not only lies in how it reflected contemporary society and politics: the theater was an integral part of society and politics. As a preeminent institution in the social and cultural life of Moscow, the theater was central to transforming public consciousness from the time of 1905 Revolution. The analysis of a selected set of theatrical premieres from the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 to the end of Cultural Revolution in 1932 examines the values, beliefs, and attitudes that defined Soviet culture and the revolutionary ethos. The stage contributed to creating, reproducing, and transforming the institutions of Soviet power by bearing on contemporary experience. The power of the dramatic theater issued from artistic conventions, the emotional impact of theatrical productions, and the extensive intertextuality between theatrical performances, the press, propaganda, politics, and social life. Reception studies of the theatrical premieres address the complex issue of the spectator’s experience of meaning—and his role in the construction of meaning. -
The Political and Popular Reception of Victor Hugo’S Les Misérables in Civil War America
Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Senior Theses and Projects Student Scholarship Spring 2018 “Books Like This Cannot Be Useless”: The Political and Popular Reception of Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables in Civil War America Emily S. Turner Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses Part of the French and Francophone Literature Commons, and the Literature in English, North America Commons Recommended Citation Turner, Emily S., "“Books Like This Cannot Be Useless”: The Political and Popular Reception of Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables in Civil War America". Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2018. Trinity College Digital Repository, https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/711 TRINITY COLLEGE Senior Thesis “Books Like This Cannot Be Useless”: The Political and Popular Reception of Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables in Civil War America submitted by EMILY TURNER ‘18 In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts 2018 Director: Christopher Hager Reader: Diana Paulin Reader: Dan Mrozowski Turner ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..…………iii Note About Translations……………………………………………………………………......iv Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………...v Chapter 1: “The Brutalities of Progress Are Called Revolutions”: Hugo’s Philosophy of Revolution……………………………………………………………………………….1 Chapter 2: “John Brown is Greater than Washington”: Hugo’s Philosophy and the American Political Divide……………………..……………………………………….………….32 Chapter 3: “Lee’s Miserables”: Critical Expectations and Popular Responses to Les Misérables ……………………………………………………………………………..59 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………...82 Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………...….91 Turner iii Acknowledgements There are many people who have made this thesis possible to whom I owe a word of thanks. Firstly, I would like to thank the Trinity College English Department, especially Professor Sarah Bilston for advising our thesis colloquium. -
“I Should Like to Say a Word Or Two About Your Empire”: Victor Hugo Le Grand, Napoléon III Le Petit, and the Historiographi
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2019 May 1st, 9:00 AM - 10:15 AM “I Should Like to Say a Word or Two About Your Empire”: Victor Hugo le Grand, Napoléon III le Petit, and the Historiographical Battlefield of the rF ench Second Empire Madeleine Adriance St. Mary's Academy Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the European History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Adriance, Madeleine, "“I Should Like to Say a Word or Two About Your Empire”: Victor Hugo le Grand, Napoléon III le Petit, and the Historiographical Battlefield of the rF ench Second Empire" (2019). Young Historians Conference. 22. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2019/oralpres/22 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. 1 “I Should Like to Say a Word or Two About Your Empire”1: Victor Hugo le Grand, Napoléon III le Petit, and the Historiographical Battlefield of the French Second Empire Madeleine Adriance Mr. Vannelli PSU Honors History of Modern Europe, Block 2 17 March, 2019 1 Said by Victor Hugo at the National Assembly in 1851. Quoted in D’Ambès, Baron, Intimate Memoirs of Napoleon III: Personal Reminiscences of the Man and the Emperor, ed. and trans. A. R. Allinson (London: Stanley Paul & Co., 1912), 259. 2 The lapping of waves, the soft calls of seabirds, and the cool breeze buffeting patches of wildflowers are sounds typically uncommon to the battlefield. -
THE RISE and FALL of the BLACK HUNDRED by Jacob Langer Department of History Duke Univers
CORRUPTION AND THE COUNTERREVOLUTION: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BLACK HUNDRED by Jacob Langer Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Marty Miller, Supervisor ___________________________ Donald Raleigh ___________________________ Warren Lerner ___________________________ Alex Roland Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2007 ABSTRACT CORRUPTION AND THE COUNTERREVOLUTION: THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BLACK HUNDRED by Jacob Langer Department of History Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Marty Miller, Supervisor ___________________________ Donald Raleigh ___________________________ Warren Lerner ___________________________ Alex Roland An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the Graduate School of Duke University 2007 Copyright by Jacob Langer 2007 Abstract This dissertation analyzes the ideology and activities of the Black Hundred movement at the end of the Imperial period in Russia (1905-1917). It seeks to explain the reasons for the sudden, rapid expansion of Black Hundred organizations in 1905, as well as the causes of their decline, which began just two years after their appearance. It further attempts to elucidate the complex relationship between the Black Hundred and Russian authorities, including the central government and local officials. The problem is approached by offering two distinct perspectives on the Black Hundred. First, a broad overview of the movement is presented. The focus here is on the headquarter branches of Black Hundred organizations in St. Petersburg, but these chapters also look at the activities of many different provincial branches, relating trends in the provinces to events in the center in order to draw conclusions about the nature of the overall movement. -
Do You Hear the People Sing?: Musical Aesthetics and French Nationalism in Alain Boubil and Claude-Michel Schonberg’S Adaptation of Victor Hugo’S Les Misérables
Do You Hear the People Sing?: Musical Aesthetics and French Nationalism in Alain Boubil and Claude-Michel Schonberg’s Adaptation of Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables Suvarna Variyar Introduction In 1936, Walter Benjamin argued that the processes of copying, reproduction, and adaptation strip authenticity from any original work.1 I seek here to apply this principle to the reformation of French author Victor Hugo’s 1862 literary opus Les Misérables, as it transforms from novel to Alain Boubil and Claude-Michel Schonberg’s 1980 French rock opera adaptation, and again to the highly successful 1985 English production by Cameron Mackintosh. Hugo’s original work was in effect a thesis novel,2 with its key premise being that post-revolutionary France was intrinsically sacred, thereby elevating the State as a formless ideal towards godhead. I will argue in this article that the extremely popular Anglophone musical adaptation of Les Misérables illustrates a number of translation and adaptation choices which minimise and sideline the sacral-national core of Hugo’s novel. These changes in turn highlight how the French state is conceived of as a sacral force in the original work - one framed by the unique European French linguistic and socio-historical context that defies transposition to a popular Anglophone discourse such as that of the Broadway musical - by examining the ways in which the contrasting aesthetics of language and narrative form serve to shape and alter meaning. This article addresses the following key questions: how does this theme fare when processed into a different form - the French rock opera of 1980 - Suvarna Variyar is a postgraduate student in the Studies in Religion department at The University of Sydney. -
Les Misérables As a Spiritual Practice the Rev
Listening to Les Misérables as a Spiritual Practice The Rev. Dr. J. Carl Gregg 13 March 2016 frederickuu.org Les Misérables premiered on Broadway in 1987, after earlier versions in France and London. I first encountered Les Mis in the early ‘90s. My church youth group took at trip to New York City that included seeing Les Mis. I had never paid attention to the musical before—other than seeing the ubiquitous t-shirts with the image of Cosette on the front. But after seeing the musical live in New York City, suddenly all of my peers were listening not only to the 1987 Original Broadway Cast recording, but also — if you were really cool — the 1989 3-CD Complete Symphonic Recording, featuring the entire score. The musical is based on the Victor Hugo’s massive 1862 novel of the same name, that weighs in at around 1,500 pages. Perhaps the biggest misconception about the musical is that it is set during the French Revolution. La grande revolution started in 1789 and includes all those famous moments such as attacking the Bastille and Marie-Antoinette facing the guillotine. But the insurrection featured in the musical is the 1832 June Rebellion in Paris, more than three decades after the end of the French Revolution. Victor Hugo witnessed that 1832 insurrection personally: “He walked the streets of Paris, saw the barricades blocking his way at points, and had to take shelter from gunfire” (Robb 173-4). So, !1 of !8 in the world of our play, it is the eve of the Paris Uprising.