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Seasonal Fluctuations in the Leaf-Footed Cactus Bug and Promoting Science Communication in the Undergraduate Classroom

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Seasonal Fluctuations in the Leaf-Footed Cactus Bug and Promoting Science Communication in the Undergraduate Classroom BIG CHANGES AND BUG TALK: SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE LEAF-FOOTED CACTUS BUG AND PROMOTING SCIENCE COMMUNICATION IN THE UNDERGRADUATE CLASSROOM By LAUREN ANNE CIRINO A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 © 2016 Lauren Anne Cirino To my parents who always told me that you can do anything that you put your mind to ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my family and friends for their constant support throughout the entirety of this degree. Without their love and encouragement, this degree would have been much more arduous. I would especially like to thank my best friend, Deanna Colton, for her comments on my work, moral support, and going through graduate school first, so I could learn from her. I would also like to thank Dr. Christine Miller for taking a chance on a high school teacher, who just wanted to get back into science. If it were not for Christine’s dedication to my progress as a scientist and the remarkable mentorship that she provided, this degree would not have happened. I would like to thank all of the members of the Miller lab including Paul Joseph, Pablo Allen, Zachary Emberts, Ummat Somjee, Michael Forthman, Paige Carlson, Jasmine Johnson, and Grayson McWhorter for their help and support with both with the execution of these two studies and the writing process. Lastly, I thank Brian Cobble for helping me locate a new field site where the cactus and cactus bugs were plentiful and Travis Tuten for allowing me to use this site for my projects. I am truly grateful for all of your help. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................8 ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................11 Plant-Insect Seasonality ..........................................................................................................11 Science Communication Education ........................................................................................13 2 SEASONAL EFFECTS ON THE POPULATION, MORPHOLOGY, AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF NARNIA FEMORATA (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE) ...........................................................................................................................16 Background .............................................................................................................................16 Methods ..................................................................................................................................19 Study Species Behavior ...................................................................................................19 Study Sites .......................................................................................................................19 Cactus Patch Sampling Study ..........................................................................................20 Insect Sampling Study .....................................................................................................20 Female Readiness to Mate ...............................................................................................21 Beak Plasticity .................................................................................................................22 General Statistical Analyses ............................................................................................23 Results.....................................................................................................................................24 How Does O. mesacantha lata Phenology Fluctuate Seasonally and Spatially? ............24 How Does the Number of N. femorata Change throughout the Seasons and Over Space? ..........................................................................................................................24 How Does Seasonality and Spatiality Affect Sexual Dimorphism of N. femorata? .......25 Does Seasonality and Spatiality Affect Female Readiness to Mate in N. femorata? ......25 Does Seasonality and Spatiality Affect Beak Length of N. femorata? ...........................25 Discussion ...............................................................................................................................26 3 BROADENING THE VOICE OF SCIENCE: PROMOTING SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION IN THE UNDERGRADUATE CLASSROOM .................................39 Background .............................................................................................................................39 Course Design and Student Recruitment ................................................................................41 The Research Talk for Peers ............................................................................................42 The One-Minute Research Monologue for the Public ....................................................42 The Research Poster for the Scientific Community ........................................................42 Methods for the Assessment of Learning Gains .....................................................................43 5 Benefits of Science Communication Education .....................................................................44 Benefits to Undergraduates .............................................................................................44 Benefits to Graduate Students .........................................................................................45 Discussion ...............................................................................................................................45 4 CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................51 Plant-Insect Seasonality ..........................................................................................................51 Science Communication Education ........................................................................................53 LIST OF REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................54 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .........................................................................................................61 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 3-1 Course Elements for the CURE course ..............................................................................48 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 2-1 Aerial and understory photos of both Protected and Agricultural Sites ............................33 2-2 Fruit abundance from the cactus patch study in the Protected Site throughout one full year and in the Agricultural Site for the last four months of the study ..............................34 2-3 N. femorata abundance from the insect sampling study for both Protected and Agricultural Sites ...............................................................................................................35 2-4 Population level sexual dimorphism index (SDI) of two traits, pronotum width (PW) and hind femora width (HFW), at both the Protected and Agricultural Sites ....................36 2-5 Pronotum width (PW) and hind femora width (HFW) averages (±SE) used in the calculations of SDI (Figure 2-4) compared temporally and spatially ................................37 2-6 Scaling relationship of beak length of adult N. femorata for both A) females and B) males across four months in 2015 ......................................................................................38 3-1 Applying science communication curriculum to an undergraduate classroom .................47 3-2 Self-rated post course gains to skills and abilities reported by students............................49 3-3 Self-rated benefits to development reported by students after the course was completed ...........................................................................................................................50 8 Abstract of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science BIG CHANGES AND BUG TALK: SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE LEAF-FOOTED CACTUS BUG AND PROMOTING SCIENCE COMMUNICATION IN THE UNDERGRADUATE CLASSROOM By Lauren Anne Cirino August 2016 Chair: Christine Miller Major: Entomology and Nematology Many insects are influenced by the phenology of their host plants. My first objective here was to conduct an observational field study to examine seasonal changes in prickly pear cactus (Opuntia mesacantha lata) and simultaneously track population and phenotypic changes in the leaf-footed cactus bug, Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae). In north central Florida, O. mesacantha lata (formerly referred to as O. humifusa) begins producing flower buds in April that turn into green fruit and ripen into red fruit through December. I estimated changes in N. femorata abundance, morphology, and female readiness to mate for two field sites over time. I found that these insects were more abundant in the summer and fall as compared to other seasons.
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