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POHJOIS-LAPIN MAAKUNTAKAAVA 2040 Inari – Sodankylä – Utsjoki Kaavaselostus

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POHJOIS-LAPIN MAAKUNTAKAAVA 2040 Inari – Sodankylä – Utsjoki Kaavaselostus 1 1.3.2021 POHJOIS-LAPIN MAAKUNTAKAAVA 2040 Inari – Sodankylä – Utsjoki Kaavaselostus LAPIN LIITTO ROVANIEMI 2021 2 3 Esipuhe Lapin liiton valtuusto on 21.11.2016 toimintasuunnitelman yhteydessä päättänyt Pohjois-Lapin maakunta- kaavan 2040 laatimisesta. Lapin liiton hallitus päätti 24.4.2017 kuuluttaa kaavan vireille ja asettaa osallistu- mis- ja arviointisuunnitelman nähtäville. Pohjois-Lapin maakuntakaava-alueeseen kuuluvat Sodankylän, Inarin ja Utsjoen kunnat. Vaikutusaluetta on Pohjois-Lapin lisäksi koko Lapin maakunta sekä naapurimaiden Venäjän ja Norjan lähialueet. Pohjois-Lapin maakuntakaava-alueesta saamelaisten kotiseutualueeseen kuuluvat Inarin ja Utsjoen kuntien alueet sekä So- dankylän kunnassa sijaitseva Lapin paliskunnan alue. Koltta-alue sijoittuu Inarin kunnan itäosaan. Osallisten rooli kaavaprosessissa on keskeinen. Heidän avullaan kaavan laatijat saavat tiedon alueen asuk- kaille ja toimijoille tärkeistä asioista. Maakuntakaavan aikatähtäys on 10–30 vuotta ja sen hyväksyy Lapin liiton valtuusto. Maakuntakaavassa esi- tetään alueiden käytön ja yhdyskuntarakenteen periaatteet sekä osoitetaan maakunnan kehittämisen kan- nalta tarpeellisia alueita. Pohjois-Lapin maakuntakaava 2040 laaditaan kokonaismaakuntakaavana. Voimaan tullessaan maakunta- kaava kumoaa aiemman Pohjois-Lapin maakuntakaavan, joka sai lainvoiman 28.1.2008. Tavoiteaikatauluna on, että maakuntakaava olisi keväällä vuonna 2021 Lapin liiton valtuustossa hyväksyttä- vänä. Kaavoitustyötä varten on perustettu ohjausryhmä, jossa on Inarin, Sodankylän ja Utsjoen kuntien edustajia sekä edustajat Pohjois-Lapin alueyhteistyön kuntayhtymästä ja saamelaiskäräjiltä. Lisäksi ohjausryhmässä on Lapin ELY-keskuksesta elinkeinojen, työvoiman, osaamisen ja kulttuurin vastuualueen, liikenne- ja infrastruk- tuuri vastuualueen sekä ympäristö- ja luonnonvarat vastuualueen edustus. Ohjausryhmässä ovat edustajat myös Suomen Metsäkeskus Lapista, Metsähallituksesta, Paliskuntain yhdistyksestä, Maa- ja metsätaloustuot- tajain Keskusliitto MTK:sta, Lapin kauppakamarista, Lapin yrittäjät ry:stä, Väylävirastosta sekä alueen mat- kailuyrittäjien yhteinen edustaja. Lapin liitossa työstä vastaavat suunnittelujohtaja Riitta Lönnström, maakuntainsinööri Juha Piisilä, ympäris- töasiantuntija Tiina Elo sekä aluesuunnittelijat Olli Rönkä ja Kaisa Kinnunen. 4 Sisällys 1. JOHDANTO ....................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 POHJOIS-LAPIN MAAKUNTAKAAVAN 2040 TARKOITUS JA KESKEISET ASIAT ................................. 13 1.2 LAATIMISORGANISAATIO ............................................................................................................ 14 1.3 POHJOIS-LAPIN MAAKUNTAKAAVA-ALUE .................................................................................... 15 1.4 SAAMELAISET ALKUPERÄISKANSANA .......................................................................................... 16 1.5 TYÖN KULKU, VUOROVAIKUTUS JA HALLINNOLLINEN KÄSITTELY ................................................. 18 2. POHJOIS-LAPIN NYKYTILA ................................................................................................................. 22 2.1 VÄESTÖ ...................................................................................................................................... 22 2.2 ELINKEINORAKENNE ................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.1 Työpaikkarakenne ja muutokset .................................................................................................... 30 2.2.2 Teollisuus ........................................................................................................................................ 32 2.2.3 Energiatuotanto ja energiavarat .................................................................................................... 33 2.2.4 Kaivostoiminta, maa-ainestenotto ja geologiset luonnonvarat ..................................................... 36 2.2.5 Maa- ja metsätalous ....................................................................................................................... 37 2.2.6 Luontaistalous ................................................................................................................................ 40 2.2.7 Matkailu .......................................................................................................................................... 43 2.2.8 Kaupan palvelut .............................................................................................................................. 44 2.2.9. Julkiset palvelut ............................................................................................................................. 45 2.3 KULTTUURIPERINTÖ JA MAISEMA ............................................................................................... 47 2.3.1 Kulttuurimaisema ........................................................................................................................... 48 2.3.2 Rakennettu kulttuuriympäristö ...................................................................................................... 48 2.3.3 Muinaisjäännökset ......................................................................................................................... 49 2.4 LUONNONSUOJELU JA POHJAVESI ............................................................................................... 50 2.4.1 Luonnonsuojelualueet .................................................................................................................... 50 2.4.2 METSO-alueet ................................................................................................................................. 51 2.4.3 Pohjavedet ...................................................................................................................................... 52 2.4.4 Arvokkaat harjualueet ja muut geologiset muodostumat ............................................................. 53 2.5 ILMASTONMUUTOS .................................................................................................................... 54 2.5.1 Ilmastonmuutos ja sen vaikutukset ................................................................................................ 54 2.5.2 Valtakunnalliset ja alueelliset ilmastonmuutosstrategiat .............................................................. 57 2.6 ALUERAKENNE ............................................................................................................................ 59 2.6.1 Pohjois-Lapin erityispiirteitä ........................................................................................................... 60 2.6.2 Rakennettu ympäristö .................................................................................................................... 60 2.6.3 Matkailupalvelut ............................................................................................................................. 60 5 2.6.4 Liikenne ........................................................................................................................................... 62 2.6.5 Yhdyskuntatekniikka ....................................................................................................................... 63 2.6.6 Rajanylityspaikat ............................................................................................................................. 63 2.6.7 Suunnittelutilanne .......................................................................................................................... 64 2.7 LIITTYMINEN ALUEEN ULKOPUOLELLE ......................................................................................... 64 2.7.1 Pohjois-Lapin lähialueet ................................................................................................................. 64 2.7.2 Barentsin alue ................................................................................................................................. 65 3. POHJOIS-LAPIN MAAKUNTAKAAVAN 2040 TAVOITTEET .................................................................... 71 3.1 VALTAKUNNALLISET ALUEIDEN KEHITTÄMISTAVOITTEET ............................................................. 71 3.2 VALTAKUNNALLISET ALUEIDENKÄYTTÖTAVOITTEET .................................................................... 72 3.3 MAAKUNNALLISET TAVOITTEET .................................................................................................. 74 3.4 KUNTIEN TAVOITTEET POHJOIS-LAPIN MAAKUNTAKAAVALLE 2040 .............................................. 78 3.5 MUUT TAVOITTEET ..................................................................................................................... 80 3.5.1 Sidosryhmien tavoitteet ................................................................................................................. 80 3.5.2 Strategiat ........................................................................................................................................ 89 3.5.3 Vesienhoitosuunnitelmat ............................................................................................................... 93 3.5.4 Kriisitilanteiden tavoitteet .............................................................................................................. 95 3.6 POHJOIS-LAPIN TULEVAISUUSKUVA JA KEHITTÄMISSTRATEGIA ..................................................
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