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Comparison of Identification and Ranking Methodologies for Speed-Related Crash Locations

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Comparison of Identification and Ranking Methodologies for Speed-Related Crash Locations COMPARISON OF IDENTIFICATION AND RANKING METHODOLOGIES FOR SPEED-RELATED CRASH LOCATIONS Final Report SPR 352 COMPARISON OF IDENTIFICATION AND RANKING METHODOLOGIES FOR SPEED-RELATED CRASH LOCATIONS SPR 352 Final Report by Christopher M. Monsere, Ph.D., P.E., Research Assistant Professor Robert L. Bertini, Ph.D., P.E., Associate Professor Peter G. Bosa, Delia Chi, Casey Nolan, Tarek Abou El-Seoud Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Portland State University for Oregon Department of Transportation Research Unit 200 Hawthorne SE, Suite B-240 Salem OR 97301-5192 and Federal Highway Administration 400 Seventh Street SW Washington, D.C. 20590 June 2006 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-OR-RD-06-14 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Comparison of Identification and Ranking Methodologies for Speed-Related June 2006 Crash Locations 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Christopher M. Monsere, Robert L. Bertini, Peter G. Bosa, Delia Chi, Casey Nolan, and Tarek Abou El-Seoud Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Portland State University -- PO Box 751 -- Portland, OR 97207 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Oregon Department of Transportation Research Unit 11. Contract or Grant No. 200 Hawthorne Ave. SE, Suite B-240 Salem, Oregon 97301-5192 SPR 352 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Oregon Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Final Report Research Unit and 400 Seventh Street SW 200 Hawthorne Ave. SE, Suite B-240 Washington, D.C. 20590 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Salem, Oregon 97301-5192 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract Over 60,000 crashes were reported on the Oregon state highway system from 2000–2002. Of these, speed was a primary causal factor in 27% of total crashes and 36% of all fatal crashes. Excessive speed is a driver behavior that can be influenced by a wide variety of countermeasures. However, different methods for analyzing crash data often result in setting different priorities for safety improvements. The state of Oregon currently does not have a developed methodology for prioritizing locations for review of countermeasure deployment. When making decisions about countermeasure deployment with limited resources, it is important they be allocated to locations that will result in the greatest impact. The objective of this study was to improve the procedures used to select locations for speed-related safety countermeasures. The report includes a literature review focused on the relationship between speed and crashes, as well as past research on speed reduction techniques. An analysis of speed-related crash data indicated that a number of variables such as ice, curves, and others are overrepresented in speed crashes. Based on these findings, the study then developed and compared alternate ranking methods for speed/ice crash locations, including a unique refinement of the rate quality control (RQC) method, using climate data that helps identify road segments that exhibit statistically significant high speed/ice crash patterns. The results of the method were highlighted with a case study of identified highway sections using a new zonal RQC. To demonstrate the feasibility of this analysis technique, the top 20 sites identified by the refined screening technique were reviewed for possible countermeasures. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Speed crashes, ice crashes, ranking method, network screening, Copies available from NTIS, and online at speed countermeasure, GIS crash analysis, rate quality control, http://www.oregon.gov//ODOT/TD/TP_RES/ crash data. 19. Security Classification (of this report) 20. Security Classification (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 108 Technical Report Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized A Printed on recycled paper i SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol LENGTH LENGTH in inches 25.4 millimeters mm mm millimeters 0.039 inches in ft feet 0.305 Meters m m meters 3.28 feet ft yd yards 0.914 Meters m m meters 1.09 yards yd mi miles 1.61 kilometers km km kilometers 0.621 miles mi AREA AREA in2 square inches 645.2 millimeters squared mm2 mm2 millimeters squared 0.0016 square inches in2 ft2 square feet 0.093 meters squared m2 m2 meters squared 10.764 square feet ft2 yd2 square yards 0.836 meters squared m2 ha hectares 2.47 acres ac ac acres 0.405 Hectares ha km2 kilometers squared 0.386 square miles mi2 mi2 square miles 2.59 kilometers squared km2 VOLUME ii VOLUME mL milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz fl oz fluid ounces 29.57 Milliliters mL L liters 0.264 gallons gal gal gallons 3.785 Liters L m3 meters cubed 35.315 cubic feet ft3 ft3 cubic feet 0.028 meters cubed m3 m3 meters cubed 1.308 cubic yards yd3 yd3 cubic yards 0.765 meters cubed m3 MASS NOTE: Volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3. g grams 0.035 ounces oz MASS kg kilograms 2.205 pounds lb oz ounces 28.35 Grams g Mg megagrams 1.102 short tons (2000 lb) T lb pounds 0.454 Kilograms kg TEMPERATURE (exact) T short tons (2000 lb) 0.907 megagrams Mg °C Celsius temperature 1.8 + 32 Fahrenheit °F TEMPERATURE (exact) °F Fahrenheit 5(F-32)/9 Celsius temperature °C temperature * SI is the symbol for the International System of Measurement (4-7-94 jbp) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). The technical advisory committee has provided helpful oversight: Edward Anderson, ODOT, Larry Christianson, ODOT, Rob Edgar, ODOT, Nick Fortey, FHWA, Mark Joerger, ODOT, Galen McGill, ODOT, David McKane, ODOT, and Nathaniel Price, FHWA. Chris Pangilinan was involved in the early stages of the project and Sirisha Kothuri assisted with compilation of the final report. The contents of this report reflect the views and opinions of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented here. DISCLAIMER This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Oregon Department of Transportation and the United States Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The State of Oregon and the United States Government assume no liability of its contents or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the view of the authors who are solely responsible for the facts and accuracy of the material presented. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Oregon Department of Transportation or the United States Department of Transportation. The State of Oregon and the United States Government do not endorse products of manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. iii iv COMPARISON OF IDENTIFICATION AND RANKING METHODOLOGIES FOR SPEED-RELATED CRASH LOCATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1 1.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES................................................................................................2 1.2 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT.........................................................................................2 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .....................................................................................................3 2.1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPEED AND CRASHES...................................................3 2.1.1 Operating characteristics.............................................................................................3 2.1.2 Post-crash investigations.............................................................................................4 2.1.3 Crash severity..............................................................................................................6 2.2 SPEED REDUCTION TECHNIQUES ...............................................................................7 2.2.1 Geometric roadway modifications ..............................................................................7 2.2.1.1 Pavement and lane widths .......................................................................................7 2.2.1.2 Chicanes/chokers .....................................................................................................8 2.2.1.3 Traffic circles/roundabouts......................................................................................8 2.2.1.4 Speed humps.............................................................................................................8 2.2.1.5 Raised pavement markings/rumble strips ................................................................9 2.2.2 Traffic control devices.................................................................................................9 2.2.2.1 Static warning signs.................................................................................................9 2.2.2.2 Pavement markings................................................................................................10 2.2.3 Operations and ITS....................................................................................................12 2.2.3.1 Variable speed limit systems..................................................................................13
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