DOCSLIB.ORG

Dairy and Food Sanitation 1987-02

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dairy and Food Sanitation 1987-02 ISSN:0273-2866 February 1987 80x701 Vol. 7. No. 2 Ames, Iowa 50010 , , Pages 53-t 12 / UNIV MICROFILMS SERIALS DEPT $6.00 300 N ZEEB RD ANN ARBOR, MI m 48106 Energy-Storage System For Electrical Water Heaters Cheese Research and Technology Conference “Seeds of the Future” at Univ. of Wl-Madison Conference at Cornell March 25-26 Univ. on Apri[^29 74th lAMFES Annual Meeting August 2-6, 1987 Anaheim, California Reglstr^ion Forms in this issue SURE AND PdOiEpim©' ODD AtitcAiotic ^e^^/due Scncen SllUntP ^ seconds, Sure. your technician In studies screening thousands of can complete the three steps described unknown samples, PENZYME®consis¬ on the Penzyme III procedure sheet. tently detected positive loads, deter¬ Then, a short 15 minutes later, mined later by the B. stearothermophi- the enzymatic colorimetric results are lis disc assay. easily read. Penzyme III is specifically de- Not only does it detect Penicillin, Amox- signed to be used at milk plants or re- icillin, Ampicillin, Cloxacillin, Cephapirin ceiving stations to screen incoming and a host of other beta-lactam anti¬ milk for beta-lactam antibiotic residue. biotics, in less time than a coffee Penzyme III is the sure and simple break, it costs less than $1.65 per test, antibiotic residue screen test for milk. Phone or write us for more of the fMre and simple truth about Penzyme III. The antibic^ residue screen test for milk. A SMITHKUNE BECKMAN COMPANY P.O. Box 2650, bjcdt Chester, PA 19360 (800) 523-4835 Ext. 281-7506 Please circle No. 218 on your Reader Service Card Products in the categones below— that bear an NSF Mark—have been ■'\NrrvrK)N verified to comply with the NSF Listing or Certification requirements. Products without the Mark should not be regarded as Listed or Certified by NSF. IF IT’S NOT MARKED- IT’S NOT LISTED OR CERTIFIED. This is true even if the product is in the current Listing Book or Certification Registry. For more information concerning NSF’s programs, contact the National Sanitation Founda FREE! WRITE FOR: tion, P.O. Box 14^, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. * Facts about Listing Services Telephone (313) 769-8010; Telex: 753215. Facts about Certification Services FAX: 313-769-0109. Lode fir the maik! CERTIFIED® Foodservice Pool, Spa, Water & Plastics Pipe Certification • Dishwashing Madiines Hot Tub Wastewater & Fittings Programs • Raiwes, Ovens and Broffeis Equipment Treatment • H(rt & Cdd PotaWe • Drinking Witer lifter Labcr^ry • Ice Makers • Filters • Point-of-Use Drinking • Drain, Wa^ & Vent Accreditatiem • Meat Chqjpers, Saws Water Treatment Units • Pumps • Casings • Bottled Water • Food Cutters, Slicers • Flexible Membrane • Skimmers • Continuous Wiste • PlumKng System Liners • Refrigerators, Freezers • Chemical Filtos Components • Onsite Wastewater • Qxrosi’re Waste • Food, Beverage and • Multiport Valves S(^ Ice Cream Treatment Systems • Sewers Dispensers • Extended Aeration • Wk Tables, Cabinets, Package Plants and Shelving lAMFES Sustaining Members Accurals Mstoring Systams, Inc., 1705 Car¬ Dean Forxis, 1126 Kilbum Ave., Rockford, IL Milk Marketing, Inc., P.O. Box 36050. men Dr., Elk Grove VIg, IL 60007 61101 Strongsville, OH 44136 Alex C. Fergusson Co., Spring Mill Drive, DHco Laboratories, P.O. Box 1058, Detroit, Ml Minnesota Valley Testing Laboratories, 326 Frazer, PA 19355 48232 Center St., New Ulm, MN 56073 Alfe-Laval, Inc., Agri-Group, 11100 North Con¬ DIversey/Wyandotts, 1532 Biddle Ave., Wyan¬ Nalge Co., P.O. Box 365, Rochester, NY 14602 gress Avenue, Kansas City, MO 64153 dotte, Ml 48192 Nasco International, 901 Janesville Ave., Fort Alpha Chemical Services, Inc., P.O. Box 431, Domlrto’s Pizza, Inc., 30 Frank Lloyd Wright, Atkinson, Wl 53538 Stoughton, MA 02072 Ann Arbor, Ml 48198 National Mastitis Council, 1840 Wilson Blvd., Anderson Chemical Co., Box 1041, Litchfield, Eastern Crown, Inc., P.O. Box 216, Vernon, NY Arlington, VA 22201 MN 55355 13476 Nattorul Milk Producers Federation, 1840 Wil¬ Anderson litstrument Co., Inc., RD 1, Fulton- Foss Food TechtKilogy Corporation, 10355 son Blvd., Arlington, VA 22201 vile. NY 12072 West 70th St., Eden Prairie, MN 55344 National Sanitation Foundation, P.O. Box Anganics, Inc., 100 Inman St., Cambridge, MA FRM Chem, Inc., P.O. Box 207, Washington, 1468, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 02139 MO 63090 Norton Co., P.O. Box 350. Akron, OH 44309 Aquafine, 25230 W. Ave. Stanford, Valencia, CA GAF, 1361 Alps Road, Wayne, NJ 07470 9017 Red Branch Rd., Colum¬ 91355 Oxold USA, Inc., QIbco Laboratories, Irm., 231 Sutton St., No. bia, MD 21045 Assodaled Milk Producers, bK., 830 N. Andover, MA 01845 Meacham Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60195 Penicillin Assays, Inc., 36 Franklin St., Malden, Gerber Products Co., 445 State St., Fremont, MA 02148 Babaon Bros. Co., 2100 S. York Road, Oak Ml 49412 Brook, IL 60521 Petrolane, 607 S. Blvd., Baraboo, Wl 53913 Gist-Brocades USA, P.O. Box 241068, Char¬ Second St., S.E., Bactomatic, Inc., 719 Alexander Rd., P.O. Box lotte, NC 28224 The Plllsbury Company, 311 3103, Princeton, NJ 08540 Minneapolis, MN 55414 Henkel Corp., 300 Brookside Ave., Ambler, PA Wash¬ BBL Microbiology Systems, P.O. Box 243, 19002 Rexham Machinery Group, 5501 N. ington Blvd., Sarasota, FL 34243 CockeysviNe, MD 21030 H. B. Fuller Co., Monarch Chemicals Div., 3900 Bio-Lab, Inc., P.O. Box 1489, Decatur, GA Jackson St. NE, Minneapolis, MN 55421 Ross Laboratories, 625 Cleveland Ave., Colum¬ bus. OH 43216 30031 Hurricorp/Alco, 1800 Industrial Blvd., Norman, Borden, Iik., Dairy A Services Div., 16855 OK 73070 Seiberfing Associates, Inc., 11415 Main St., Northchase, Houston, TX 77060 Roscoe, IL 61073 IBA ItK., 27 Providence Rd., Millbury, MA 01527 Capital Vial Corp., P.O. Box 611, Fonda, NY Sllllker Labs, 1304 Halsted St., Chicago, IL Integrated GeneUca, 31 New York Ave., Fram¬ 60411 12066 ingham, MA 01701 93 LItility Court, Rohnert SmIthKIlrw Animal Health Products, P.O. Box Cesco/Q-Controle, Intersysteme, Inc., 13330 “r St., Omaha, NE Park. CA 94928 2650, West Chester, PA 19380 68137 Chem Bio, 5723 West Fullerton Ave., Chicago, Tekmar Co., 10 Knollcrest Dr., Cincinnati, OH Kendall Co., One Federal St., Boston, MA IL 60639 45222 02101 ChamlatKl, ItK., Turlock, CA, Memphis, TN The Steams Tech. Textile Co., 100 Williams Klenzade Division, Economics Laboratory, Inc., St., Cincinnati, OH 45215 Cherry Burrell Corp., 2400 6th St., SW, Cedar 3050 Metro Drive, Suite 208, Bloomington, MN Rapids. lA 52406 55420 3M/Medlcal-Surglcal Div., 225-5S-01, 3M Cen¬ ter, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000 CLN Industrlee, Inc., 700 Billings, Suite F, Maryland & Virginia Milk Prod. Assn., Inc., Denver, CO 80011 P.O. Box 9154 Rosslyn Station, Arlington, VA Universal Milking Machine Div., Universal 22209 Coops, Inc., Dairy Equipment Dept., P.O. Box Dakytiwn, Inc., 10140 Linn Station Road, Louis¬ 460, Minneapolis, MN 55440 ville, KY 40223 Metz Sales, ItK., 522 West First St., Wil¬ liamsburg, PA 16693 Walker Stainless Equipment Co., 601 State St., Dairy Quality Control Inst, 2353 No. Rice St., New Lisbon. Wl 53950 SL Paul, MN 55113 MIchelson Labs, 4555 Produce Plaza, Los Congress Ave., Kan¬ Angeles, CA 90058 West Agro Iik., 11100 N. Darigold, 635 Elliott Ave. W., Seattle. WA 98109 sas City, MO 64153 Mid America Dairymen, ItK., P.O. Box 1837 SSS, 800 W. Tampa, Springfield, MO 65805 Dairy and Food Sanitation (ISSN:0273-2866) is 0701. Note: Single copies of reprints are not 0701, 515-232-6699. published rrwnlhly by the International Associa¬ available from this address; address reprint re¬ Membership Dues: Membership in the Associa¬ tion of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, quests to principal author. tion is available to individuals only. Direct dues Inc., executive offices at PO Box 701, 502 E. Lin¬ Business Matters: Correspondence regarding are $28.00 per year and include a subscription coln Way, Ames, lA 50010. Printed by Heuss buswKss matters should be addressed to Kathy to Dairy and Food Sanitation. Direct dues and Printing, Inc., 911 Second St, Ames, lA 50010. R. Hathaway, lAMFES, PO Box 701, Ames, lA the Journal of Food Protection are $50.00. Af¬ Sacond-dass postage paid at Ames, lA. Poat- 50010-0701. filiate and International Membership include both maatar: Send address changes to lAMFES, Subscription Rates: $60.00 per votunw, orte journals for $50, plus affiliate dues. Student 502 E. Lincoln Way, Amss, lA 5001041701. volume per year, January through December. membership is $14.00 per year, with verification Manuecrtpte: Correspondertce regarding manu- Single copies $6.00 each. No cancellations ac¬ of student status, and includes Dairy and Food scnpts and other reading material should be ad¬ cepted. Sanitation. No cancellation accepted. dressed to Kathy Hathaway, PO Box 701, Ames, Sustaining Mambership: A sustaining member¬ Claims: Notice of failure to receive copies must lA 500104)701. 515-232-6699. ship in lAMFES is available to companies at a be reported within 30 days domestic, 90 days “biattuctlone to Contributors’' can be obtained rate of $300 per year, which includes $100 credit foreign. All corresporKlence regarding changes of from the editor. toward an ad in the "annual meeting issue" of address and dues must be sent to lAMFES, Inc., Ordsra for Reprints: All orders should be sent the Journal, the July issue. For more information, PO Box 701, Ames, lA 50010-0701, 515-232- to lAMFES, Inc., PO Box 701, Ames, lA 50010- contact lAMFES, PO Box 701, Ames, lA 50010- 6699. 54 DAIRY AND FOOD SANITATIONIFEWMASM 1987 lAMFES Dairy and Food Sanitation OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE BOARD CONTENTS Vol. 7 No. 2 February, 1987 President, ROY GINN, Dairy Quality Con¬ trol Inst., 2353 No. Rice St., Room 110, St. Paul, MN 55113. President-Elect, LEON TOWNSEND, Milk Control Branch, Dept, of Health Services, 275 East Main St., Frankfort, KY 40601. Vice-President, ROBERT GRAVANI, 8A ARTICLES: Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, • Can Refrigeration Keep Our Foods Safe?.56 NY 14853.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mycotoxins: a Review of Dairy Concerns
    Mycotoxins: A Review of Dairy Concerns L. W. Whitlow, Department of Animal Science and W. M. Hagler, Jr., Department of Poultry Science North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Introduction mycotoxins such as the ergots are known to affect cattle and may be prevalent at times in certain feedstuffs. Molds are filamentous (fuzzy or dusty looking) fungi that occur in many feedstuffs including roughages and There are hundreds of different mycotoxins, which are concentrates. Molds can infect dairy cattle, especially diverse in their chemistry and effects on animals. It is during stressful periods when they are immune likely that contaminated feeds will contain more than one suppressed, causing a disease referred to as mycosis. mycotoxin. This paper is directed toward those Molds also produce poisons called mycotoxins that affect mycotoxins thought to occur most frequently at animals when they consume mycotoxin contaminated concentrations toxic to dairy cattle. A more extensive feeds. This disorder is called mycotoxicosis. Mycotoxins review is available in the popular press (Whitlow and are produced by a wide range of different molds and are Hagler, 2004). classified as secondary metabolites, meaning that their function is not essential to the mold’s existence. The Major toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins thought to be U.N.’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has the most prevalent and potentially toxic to dairy cattle. estimated that worldwide, about 25% of crops are affected annually with mycotoxins (Jelinek, 1987). Such surveys Fungal genera Mycotoxins reveal sufficiently high occurrences and concentrations of Aspergillus Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin, mycotoxins to suggest that mycotoxins are a constant Sterigmatocystin, Fumitremorgens, concern.
    [Show full text]
  • New Markers in the Mycotox Profile
    New Markers in the MycoTOX Profile We are happy to announce the addition of four new mycotoxin markers to our MycoTOX Profile. The test now includes 11 mycotoxins from 40 species of mold, making it by far the most comprehensive and competitively priced mycotoxin test available. It also still more sensitive and accurate than other tests available, because we use LC/MS/MS technology. Here is an overview of the four new mycotoxin markers: Gliotoxin Gliotoxin (GTX) is produced by the mold genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus spreads in the environment by releasing conidia which are capable of infiltrating the small alveolar airways of individuals. In order to evade the body’s defenses Aspergillus releases Gliotoxin to inhibit the immune system. One of the targets of Gliotoxin is PtdIns (3,4,5) P3. This results in the downregulation of phagocytic immune defense, which can lead to the exacerbation of polymicrobial infections. Gliotoxin impairs the activation of T-cells and induces apoptosis in monocytes and in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. These impairments can lead to multiple neurological syndromes. Mycophenolic Acid Mycophenolic Acid (MPA) produced by the Penicillium fungus. MPA is an immunosuppressant which inhibits the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. MPA exposure can increase the risk of opportunistic infections such as Clostridia and Candida. MPA is associated with miscarriage and congenital malformations when the woman is exposed in pregnancy. Dihydrocitrinone Dihydrocitrinone is a metabolite of Citrinin (CTN), which is a mycotoxin that is produced by the mold species Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CTN exposure can lead to nephropathy, because of its ability to increase permeability of mitochondrial membranes in the kidneys.
    [Show full text]
  • AVMA Guidelines for the Depopulation of Animals: 2019 Edition
    AVMA Guidelines for the Depopulation of Animals: 2019 Edition Members of the Panel on Animal Depopulation Steven Leary, DVM, DACLAM (Chair); Fidelis Pharmaceuticals, High Ridge, Missouri Raymond Anthony, PhD (Ethicist); University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska Sharon Gwaltney-Brant, DVM, PhD, DABVT, DABT (Lead, Companion Animals Working Group); Veterinary Information Network, Mahomet, Illinois Samuel Cartner, DVM, PhD, DACLAM (Lead, Laboratory Animals Working Group); University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Renee Dewell, DVM, MS (Lead, Bovine Working Group); Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa Patrick Webb, DVM (Lead, Swine Working Group); National Pork Board, Des Moines, Iowa Paul J. Plummer, DVM, DACVIM-LA (Lead, Small Ruminant Working Group); Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa Donald E. Hoenig, VMD (Lead, Poultry Working Group); American Humane Association, Belfast, Maine William Moyer, DVM, DACVSMR (Lead, Equine Working Group); Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, Billings, Montana Stephen A. Smith, DVM, PhD (Lead, Aquatics Working Group); Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia Andrea Goodnight, DVM (Lead, Zoo and Wildlife Working Group); The Living Desert Zoo and Gardens, Palm Desert, California P. Gary Egrie, VMD (nonvoting observing member); USDA APHIS Veterinary Services, Riverdale, Maryland Axel Wolff, DVM, MS (nonvoting observing member); Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), Bethesda, Maryland AVMA Staff Consultants Cia L. Johnson, DVM, MS, MSc; Director, Animal Welfare Division Emily Patterson-Kane, PhD; Animal Welfare Scientist, Animal Welfare Division The following individuals contributed substantively through their participation in the Panel’s Working Groups, and their assistance is sincerely appreciated. Companion Animals—Yvonne Bellay, DVM, MS; Allan Drusys, DVM, MVPHMgt; William Folger, DVM, MS, DABVP; Stephanie Janeczko, DVM, MS, DABVP, CAWA; Ellie Karlsson, DVM, DACLAM; Michael R.
    [Show full text]
  • Batrachotoxin Time-Resolved Absorption And
    Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Research Mini Review ISSN: 2633-4291 Batrachotoxin time-resolved absorption and resonance FT-IR and raman biospectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) investigation of vibronic-mode coupling structure in vibrational spectra analysis: A spectroscopic study on an anti-gum cancer drug Alireza Heidari1,2*, Jennifer Esposito1 and Angela Caissutti1 1Faculty of Chemistry, California South University, 14731 Comet St. Irvine, CA 92604, USA 2American International Standards Institute, Irvine, CA 3800, USA Abstract Gum cancers are cancers that arise from the gum. They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. There are three main types of gum cancers: basal-cell gum cancer (BCC), squamous-cell gum cancer (SCC) and melanoma. Batrachotoxin (BTX) is an anti- gum cancer extremely potent cardiotoxic and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of beetles, birds, and frogs. Batrachotoxin was derived from the Greek word βάτραχος bátrachos "frog". Structurally-related chemical compounds are often referred to collectively as batrachotoxins. It is an extremely poisonous alkaloid. In certain frogs this alkaloid is present mostly on the gum. Such frogs are among those used for poisoning darts. Batrachotoxin binds to and irreversibly opens the sodium channels of nerve cells and prevents them from closing, resulting in paralysis-no antidote is known. Parameters such as FT -IR and Raman vibrational wavelengths and intensities for single crystal Batrachotoxin are calculated using density functional theory and were compared with empirical results. The investigation about vibrational spectrum of cycle dimers in crystal with carboxyl groups from each molecule of acid was shown that it leads to create Hydrogen bonds for adjacent molecules.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Spectrometry: a Rosetta Stone to Learn How Fungi Interact and Talk
    life Review Mass Spectrometry: A Rosetta Stone to Learn How Fungi Interact and Talk Erika Calla-Quispe 1 , Hammerly Lino Fuentes-Rivera 1,2 , Pablo Ramírez 2, Carlos Martel 1,3 and Alfredo J. Ibañez 1,* 1 Instituto de Ciencias Ómicas y Biotecnología Aplicada (ICOBA), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP), Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel 15088, Lima, Peru; [email protected] (E.C.-Q.); [email protected] (H.L.F.-R.); [email protected] (C.M.) 2 Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Germán Amézaga 375, Lima 15081f, Peru; [email protected] 3 Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María 15072, Lima, Peru * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +51-01-6262000 (ext. 2006) Received: 30 May 2020; Accepted: 18 June 2020; Published: 20 June 2020 Abstract: Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic organisms that play an important role in diverse ecological interactions, many of which are chemically mediated. Fungi have a very versatile metabolism, which allows them to synthesize a large number of still little-known chemical compounds, such as soluble compounds that are secreted into the medium and volatile compounds that are chemical mediators over short and long distances. Mass spectrometry (MS) is currently playing a dominant role in mycological studies, mainly due to its inherent sensitivity and rapid identification capabilities of different metabolites. Furthermore, MS has also been used as a reliable and accurate tool for fungi identification (i.e., biotyping).
    [Show full text]
  • Current Trends and Challenges for Rapid SMART Diagnostics at Point-Of-Site Testing for Marine Toxins
    sensors Review Current Trends and Challenges for Rapid SMART Diagnostics at Point-of-Site Testing for Marine Toxins Michael Dillon 1,2, Maja A. Zaczek-Moczydlowska 1, Christine Edwards 3, Andrew D. Turner 4 , Peter I. Miller 5 , Heather Moore 6, April McKinney 6, Linda Lawton 3 and Katrina Campbell 1,* 1 Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (M.A.Z.-M.) 2 Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK 3 School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; [email protected] (C.E.); [email protected] (L.L.) 4 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; [email protected] 5 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Remote Sensing Group, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK; [email protected] 6 Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5PX, UK; [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (A.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In the past twenty years marine biotoxin analysis in routine regulatory monitoring has advanced significantly in Europe (EU) and other regions from the use of the mouse bioassay (MBA) towards the high-end analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Citation: Dillon, M.; Zaczek- with tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Previously, acceptance of these advanced methods, in pro- Moczydlowska, M.A.; Edwards, C.; gressing away from the MBA, was hindered by a lack of commercial certified analytical standards for Turner, A.D.; Miller, P.I.; Moore, H.; method development and validation.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins in Humans M
    Research Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans M. Peraica,1 B. RadicÂ,2 A. LucicÂ,3 & M. Pavlovic 4 Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by mycotoxins, i.e. secondary metabolites of moulds. Although they occur more frequently in areas with a hot and humid climate, favourable for the growth of moulds, they can also be found in temperate zones. Exposure to mycotoxins is mostly by ingestion, but also occurs by the dermal and inhalation routes. Mycotoxicoses often remain unrecognized by medical professionals, except when large numbers of people are involved. The present article reviews outbreaks of mycotoxicoses where the mycotoxic etiology of the disease is supported by mycotoxin analysis or identification of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Epidemiological, clinical and histological findings (when available) in outbreaks of mycotoxicoses resulting from exposure to aflatoxins, ergot, trichothecenes, ochratoxins, 3-nitropropionic acid, zearalenone and fumonisins are discussed. Voir page 763 le reÂsume en francËais. En la pa gina 763 figura un resumen en espanÄ ol. Introduction baking of bread made with ergot-contaminated wheat, as well as to other ergot toxins and Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of moulds that hallucinogens, as well as belladonna alkaloids from exert toxic effects on animals and humans. The toxic mandragora apple, which was used to treat ergotism effect of mycotoxins on animal and human health is (3). While ergotism no longer has such important referred to as mycotoxicosis, the severity of which implications for public health, recent reports indicate depends on the toxicity of the mycotoxin, the extent that outbreaks of human mycotoxicoses are still of exposure, age and nutritional status of the possible (4).
    [Show full text]
  • Mycotoxins and Swine Performance
    NUTRITION PIH-129 PURDUE UNIVERSITY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE • WEST LAFAYETTE, INDIANA Mycotoxins and Swine Performance Authors: Reviewers: Mark A. Diekman, Purdue University William L. Flowers, North Carolina State University M. Terry Coffey, Rose Hill, North Carolina Duane Miksch, University of Kentucky E. Dale Purkhiser, Michigan State University Donald H. Scott, Purdue University David E. Reeves, University of Georgia Trevor K. Smith, University of Guelph Les G. Young, University of Guelph Fungi Aflatoxins. Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus. This fungus can germinate at lower moisture levels Plants and animals may serve as excellent hosts for of 15% to 17%, but infection and growth require higher many fungi. Spores from fungi (molds) are primarily spread by water and air and come into contact with plants in the field or with grain in storage facilities. Factors that influence the degree of fungal infestation in grain are moisture, tem- perature and availability of oxygen. Other factors such as insect population, physical condition of grain or suscepti- bility of certain grain hybrids will also influence whether fungal proliferation will occur under a given set of environ- mental conditions. In general, the livestock consumption of feedstuffs containing fungi is not toxic. Most fungal-infected grain is not toxic because toxin-producing species of fungi must compete with nontoxic species to grow; only a small por- tion of the fungal species produces toxins; and suitable environmental conditions for fungal growth may be differ- ent from the conditions suitable for toxin production. Qual- ity of the grain can be reduced by fungal infestations, but most problems with livestock consuming fungal-infested grain result from consumption of mycotoxins produced by fungi.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Safety I
    BMF 29 - Food Safety I Highly Purified Natural Toxins for Food Analysis Chiron has built up a strong track record of supplying new reference standards during the past 30 years of operation. We are proud to announce our extended offer of Highly Purified Natural Toxins for Food Analysis: Mycotoxins Plant toxins Marine toxins The basis of a good analytical method is the availability of appropriate standards of defined purity and concentration. Our mission is to market highly purified toxin calibrates in crystalline as well as standardized solutions for chemical analysis, including internal standards. Your benefits using our standards include: ◊ Fast turnover time due to excellent service. ◊ Guaranteed high and consistent quality. ◊ Sufficient capacity to serve the market, and bulk quantities available on request. ◊ Custom solutions on request. Reference materials (RM) play an important role as they build the link between measurement results in the laboratory and international recognized standards in the traceability chain. Our standards are made according to the general requirements of ISO 9001. In 2011 we started to implement ISO 17025 and ISO guides 30-35 . Other relevant food analysis literature: Food Safety I (BMF 29): Natural Toxins; Mycotoxins, Plant toxins and Marine toxins. Food Safety II (BMF 30): Food Contaminants. Food Safety III (BMF 31): Food Colours and Aroma. Allergens: BMF 47. Glycidyl fatty acid esters: BMF 56. Melamine: BMF 48. 3-Monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPD esters): BMF 49. Plasticizers, Phthalates and Adipates: BMF 32 and BMF 50. PFCs (Perfluorinated compounds) including PFOS and PFOA: BMF 20. PCBs: BMF 14. PBDEs (flame retardants): BMF 15. Pesticides: BMF 33 and 34, and the Chiron catalogue 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Vomitoxin and Zearalenone Content of Soft Wheat Flour Milled by Different Methods
    509 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 70, No. 2, 2007, Pages 509–513 Copyright ᮊ, International Association for Food Protection Research Note Vomitoxin and Zearalenone Content of Soft Wheat Flour Milled by Different Methods VALENTINO PALPACELLI,1* LUCA BECO,1 AND MAURIZIO CIANI2 1Studio Analisi Alimentari, Via XXV aprile 2, 06014 Montone (PG), Italy; and 2Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Universita` Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60121 Ancona, Italy Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfp/article-pdf/70/2/509/1678933/0362-028x-70_2_509.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 MS 06-297: Received 31 May 2006/Accepted 10 August 2006 ABSTRACT Given the prominence and the growing importance of mycotoxins in human and animal health, and particularly of vomitoxin and zearalenone in people who use wheat and wheat products as their staple diet, we investigated two different types of wheat milling. Wheat produced according to good manufacturing practice related to mycotoxin risks (from sowing to harvesting) was used to compare the vomitoxin and zearalenone content of soft wheat flour, following the use of two different types of milling, traditional milling with a stone mill and modern milling with a roller mill. Moreover, the vomitoxin and zearalenone content was also evaluated in commercial stone-milled and roller-milled flours. Our results show that stone milling reduced vomitoxin and zearalenone content in flours, compared with the use of the roller-mill system. Wheat and wheat products form the staple diet of about usual, so it became possible to produce middlings, which half of the world’s population (6), and for this reason, the were then further reduced by a low-grinding phase.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Glossary Spore Trap
    Summary List of Fungi Included in this Glossary Report Alternaria sp. Ascospores Aspergillus sp. Basidiospores Chaetomium sp. Cladosporium sp. Curvularia sp. Drechslera, Bipolaris, and Exserohilum group Epicoccum sp. Memnoniella sp. Myxomycetes Penicillium sp. Pithomyces sp. Rusts Smuts Stachybotrys sp. Ulocladium sp. Eurofins EPK Built Environment Testing, LLC EMLab ID: 1014146, Page 1 of 23 Eurofins EMLab P&K 6000 Shoreline Ct, Ste 205, So. San Francisco, CA 94080 (866) 888-6653 Fax (623) 780-7695 www.emlab.com Alternaria sp. Mitosporic fungus. Hyphomycetes. Anamorphic Pleosporaceae. Distribution Ubiquitous; cosmopolitan. Approx. 40-50 species. Where Found Soil, dead organic debris, on food stuffs and textiles. Plant pathogen, most commonly on weakened plants. Mode of Dissemination Dry spore. Wind. Allergen Commonly recognized. Type I allergies (hay fever, asthma). Type III hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Woodworker's lung, Apple store hypersensitivity. May cross react with Ulocladium, Stemphylium, Phoma, others. Potential Opportunist of Pathogen Nasal lesions, subcutaneous lesions, nail infections; the majority of infections reported from persons with underlying disease or in those taking immunosuppressive drugs. Most species of Alternaria do not grow at 37oC. Potential Toxin Production A. alternata produces the antifungal alternariol. Other metabolites include AME (alternariol monomethylether), tenuazonic acid, and altertoxins (mutagenic). Growth Indoors On a variety of substrates. Aw=0.85-0.88 (minimum for various species) Industrial Uses Biocontrol of weeds and other plants. Other Comments One of the most common fungi worldwide. Characteristics: Growth/Culture Grows well on general fungal media. Colonies are dark olive green to brown, floccose to velvety (heavily sporulating). Colonies become pleomorphic over time, and lose the ability to sporulate with subsequent transfer.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronic Illness Associated with Mold and Mycotoxins: Is Naso-Sinus Fungal Biofilm the Culprit?
    Toxins 2014, 6, 66-80; doi:10.3390/toxins6010066 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins Article Chronic Illness Associated with Mold and Mycotoxins: Is Naso-Sinus Fungal Biofilm the Culprit? Joseph H. Brewer 1,*, Jack D. Thrasher 2 and Dennis Hooper 3 1 Plaza Infectious Disease and St. Luke’s Hospital, 4320 Wornall Road, Suite 440, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA 2 Citrus Heights, CA 95610, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 RealTime Laboratories, Carrollton, TX 75010, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-816-531-1550; Fax: +1-816-531-8277. Received: 2 December 2013; in revised form: 16 December 2013 / Accepted: 17 December 2013 / Published: 24 December 2013 Abstract: It has recently been demonstrated that patients who develop chronic illness after prior exposure to water damaged buildings (WDB) and mold have the presence of mycotoxins, which can be detected in the urine. We hypothesized that the mold may be harbored internally and continue to release and/or produce mycotoxins which contribute to ongoing chronic illness. The sinuses are the most likely candidate as a site for the internal mold and mycotoxin production. In this paper, we review the literature supporting this concept. Keywords: mycotoxin; biofilm; rhinosinusitis; chronic fatigue syndrome 1. Introduction Exposure to water damaged buildings (WDB) have been associated with numerous health problems that include fungal sinusitis, abnormalities in T and B cells, central and peripheral neuropathy, asthma, sarcoidosis, respiratory infections and chronic fatigue [1–14]. It has been well established that mold and mycotoxins are important constituents of the milieu in WDB that can lead to illness [15–22].
    [Show full text]