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Õπÿ ‘∑∏‘Ï ™’™â“ß1 ·≈– ®√—≈ ≈’√μ‘«ß»1å *
‰¥â√—∫∫∑§«“¡: 14 ¡’π“§¡ 2562 ‰¥â√—∫∫∑§«“¡·°â‰¢: 2 °√°Æ“§¡ 2562 ¬Õ¡√—∫μ’æ‘¡æå: 8 °√°Æ“§¡ 2562
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»÷°…“ —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ¢Õßæ◊™«ß»å¡–¥Ÿ°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ®”π«π 13 °ÿ≈ 31 ™π‘¥ ‚¥¬»÷°…“ ¥â«¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå·∫∫„™â· ß·≈–°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πåÕ‘‡≈Á°μ√Õπ·∫∫ àÕß°√“¥æ∫‡√≥Ÿ‡ªìπ‡¡Á¥‡¥’ˬ« ¬°‡«âπ „π °≈ÿLophopetalum ‡ªπ·∫∫°≈ì ¡≈– ÿà ’Ë ¢«·∫∫—È isopolar ¡¡“μ√√»¡— ’ ¢π“¥¢Õ߇√≥¡Ÿ ¢π“¥μ’ ß·μ—È ‡≈à °¡“°Á (πÕ¬°«â “à 10 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) ∂ß¢π“¥ª“π°≈“ß÷ (25-50 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) √ª√Ÿ “ß¡à ’ 5 ·∫∫‰¥·°â à oblate, suboblate, oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal ·≈– subprolate ™àÕ߇ªî¥¡’ 3 ·∫∫‰¥â·°à 3-colporate, 3-porate ·≈– 4-colporate ≈«¥≈“¬¢Õߺπ—ß™—Èπ‡Õ°´’π‡ªìπ·∫∫ reticulate, punctate, striate ·≈– striato- reticulate ®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ ‡√≥Ÿ·∫∫°≈ÿà¡≈– ’Ë ™àÕ߇ªî¥ ·≈–≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—߇հ´’π “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â ‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π°“√®—¥®”·π°æ◊™„π∫“ß °ÿ≈ à«π√Ÿª√à“ß ¢π“¥ ≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—߇հ´’π “¡“√∂π”¡“„™â®—¥ ®”·π°„π√–¥∫™π— ¥¢Õß °‘ ≈ÿEuonymus, Glyptopetalum, Gymnosporia, Loeseneriella, Lophopetalum, Microtropis ·≈– Salacia ‰¥â
§” ”§—≠: ‡√≥Ÿ°≈ÿà¡≈– ’Ë Colporate Reticulate
1¿“§«‘™“™’««‘∑¬“ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å ®—ßÀ«—¥ ߢ≈“ 90112 *ºŸâπ‘æπ∏åª√– “πß“π, email: [email protected] 2 SWU Sci. J. Vol. 36 No. 1 (2020) Pollen Morphology of Celastraceae in Thailand
Anusit Cheechang1 and Charan Leeratiwong1*
Received: 14 March 2019 Revised: 2 July 2019 Accepted: 8 July 2019
ABSTRACT
The pollen grains of 13 genera 31 species of Celastraceae in Thailand were observed by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The general data in pollen morphology are as follows. Most of pollen is monad and isopolar except in Lophopetalum is tetrads. Pollen of all species is radial symmetry. The size of the pollens varies from very small (less than 10 micrometers) to medium (25-50 micrometers). There are five shape types as oblate, suboblate, oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal and subprolate. Pollen apertures are 3-colporate, 3-porate and 4-colporate. Four differentiated exine sculpturing patterns are observed: reticulate, striate, striato-reticulate and punctate. The result indicates that tetrad pollen, aperture and exine sculpturing patterns data provide taxonomic supportive evidence for classifying plants in some genera while shape, size and exine sculpturing patterns data provide the useful characteristic of delimitation of the species in Euonymus, Glyptopetalum, Gymnosporia, Loeseneriella, Lophopetalum, Microtropis and Salacia.
Keywords: Tetrad pollen, Colperate, Reticulate
______1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112 *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 36 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π (2563) 3
∫∑π” 晫߻◊ ¡–¥å °Ÿ (Celastraceae) Õ¬Ÿà„πÕπ¥— ∫— Celastrales ‡ªπæì ™∑◊ ¡’Ë °“√°√–®“¬æ’ π∏— ÿå„π‡¢μ√Õπâ ·≈–°÷Ë߇¢μ√âÕπ æ∫πâÕ¬„π‡¢μÕ∫Õÿàπ æ◊™„π«ß»åπ’È¡’∑—Èß ‰¡âμâπ ‰¡âæÿà¡ ‰¡â‡≈◊ÈÕ¬¡’‡π◊ÈÕ‰¡â ·≈–æ◊™≈â¡≈ÿ° ∑—Ë«‚≈° æ∫ 98 °ÿ≈ 1,210 ™π‘¥ Kubitzki [1] ·≈–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ æ∫æ◊™°≈ÿà¡π’È 15 °ÿ≈ 58 ™π‘¥ ≈—°…≥–∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õßæ◊™°≈ÿà¡π’ȧ◊Õ ‡ªìπ‰¡âμâπ À√◊Õ‰¡âæÿà¡√Õ‡≈◊ÈÕ¬ „∫‡ªìπ„∫‡¥’ˬ« ‡√’¬ß·∫∫μ√ߢⓡÀ√◊Õ ≈—∫ ‡ âπ ·¢πß„∫·μ°ÕÕ°®“°‡ âπ°≈“ß„∫‡À¡◊Õπ¢ππ° ¢Õ∫„∫À¬—°‚§âß¡π æ∫πâÕ¬∑’ˇªìπ·∫∫‡√’¬∫ ™àÕ¥Õ°·∫∫™Õà °√–®°ÿ ÕÕ°∫√‡«≥´Õ°„∫‘ À√Õª≈“¬°◊ ß‘Ë ¥Õ° «π„À≠à ®–‡ªà π·∫∫¥Õ°·¬°‡æ»μì “ßμà πâ °≈∫‡≈’ ¬ß’È 4-5 °≈∫’ à«π„À≠à¡’≈—°…≥–μ‘¥∑π °≈’∫¥Õ° 4-5 °≈’∫À≈ÿ¥√à«ßßà“¬ ‡° √‡æ»ºŸâ 2-5 Õ—π ‡° √‡æ»‡¡’¬‡ªìπ·∫∫ §“√å‡æ≈‡™◊ËÕ¡¡’ 2-5 §“√å‡æ≈ √—߉¢àÕ¬Ÿà‡Àπ◊Õ«ß°≈’∫ À√◊Õ·∫∫√—߉¢à°÷Ëß„μâ«ß°≈’∫ ¡’ 2-5 ÀâÕß ÕÕ«ÿ≈¡’ 3-18 ÕÕ«≈μÿÕÀπà ßÀ÷Ë Õßâ º≈·∫∫º≈·Àß·μ°À√â Õ·∫∫º≈ºπ◊ ß™— π„π·¢—È ßÁ ‡¡≈¥∫“ߧ√Á ßæ∫ª—È °ï ¡À√’ Õ‰¡◊ ¡à ‡Õπ‚¥ ‡ª’ √î ¡å [2] °“√»°…“ ÷ ≥∞“π«— ∑¬“‡√≥‘ „π«ß»Ÿ ¡–¥å °¡Ÿ °“√»’ °…“‚¥¬÷ Erdtman [3] »°…“æ÷ ™„π«ß»◊ πå ’È ®”π«π 10 °ÿ≈ 16 ™π‘¥ Gavrilova ·≈–§≥– [4] ‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“ —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ¢Õßæ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Euonymus ®”π«π 62 ™π‘¥ ®“°ª√–‡∑»√— ‡´’¬ Hou [5] »÷°…“æ◊™„π«ß»åπ’È 6 °ÿ≈ 29 ™π‘¥ Kasem [6] »÷°…“ —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫¢Õßæ◊™„π«ß»åπ’È 2 °ÿ≈ ‰¥â·°à Catha ·≈– Maytenus ®”π«π 6 ™π‘¥ „π ª√–‡∑»´“Õÿ¥‘Õ“√–‡∫’¬ Perveen ·≈– Qaiser [7] »÷°…“ —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ¢Õßæ◊™«ß»å¡–¥Ÿ°„πª√–‡∑» ª“° ∂“π®”π«π’ 4 °≈ÿ 6 ™π¥‘ Rao ·≈– Leone [8] »°…“‡√≥÷ ¢Õߟ Elaeodendron quadrangittalum Vania ·≈– Therezinha [9] »÷°…“ —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ„π °ÿ≈ Salacia ®”π«π 21 ™π‘¥ à«π„πª√–‡∑» ‰∑¬ππ¡—È °“√»’ °…“æ÷ ™«ß»◊ πå ‡©æ“–≈’È °…≥–∑“ß — ≥∞“π«— ∑¬“‘ [2] ‡æ¬ßÕ¬’ “߇¥à ¬«¬’ ߉¡— ¡à °“√»’ °…“≈÷ °…≥–Õ— πÊ◊Ë ¡“°àÕπ‚¥¬‡©æ“–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ߥâ“π‡√≥Ÿ«‘∑¬“ ¥—ßπ—Èπß“π«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È®÷߇ªìπ°“√»÷°…“≈—°…≥– —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ ¢Õßæ◊™«ß»å¡–¥Ÿ°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ§âπÀ“·≈–‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ∑’Ë “¡“√∂„™â „π°“√®”·π°·≈–√–∫ÿ™π‘¥¢Õßæ◊™„π«ß»åπ’È ·≈–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“°°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’ÈÕ“®®–‡ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈æ◊Èπ∞“π„π °“√»÷°…“ —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ °“¬«‘¿“§»“ μ√å ·≈–™’«‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢Õßæ◊™«ß»åπ’È„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬μàÕ‰ª Õÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√∑¥≈Õß μ—«Õ¬à“߇√≥Ÿ¢Õßæ◊™∑’Ë„™â„π°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’È‚¥¬°“√‡°Á∫®“°¿“§ π“¡ ·≈–»÷°…“®“°μ—«Õ¬à“ß æ√√≥‰¡·Àâ ß„πæâ æ‘ ∏¿‘ ≥±— æå ™·À◊ ß¡À“«à ∑¬“≈‘ ¬ ߢ≈“π§√— π∑√‘ å (PSU) ·≈–ÀÕæ√√≥‰¡ â «π惰…»“ μ√å ¡‡¥Á®æ√–π“߇®â“ ‘√‘°‘μ‘Ï (QBG) (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) ®“°π—Èππ”‡√≥Ÿ∑’ˉ¥â¡“ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√Õ–´’‚μ‰≈´‘ [3] ·≈â«π”‡√≥Ÿ∑’˺à“π°√–∫«π°“√Õ–´’‚μ‰≈´‘ ·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ 2 à«π à«π·√°π”‰ª»÷°…“ —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ ‚¥¬°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå·∫∫„™â· ß·≈â«∫—π∑÷°¿“æ¥â«¬°≈âÕß Olympus DP72 ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“¢—È« ¡¡“μ√ √Ÿª√à“ß ¢π“¥‡√≥Ÿ ·≈–™π‘¥¢Õß™àÕ߇ªî¥ à«π∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ‡°Á∫√—°…“ ¿“扫â„π·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å —¡∫Ÿ√≥å ·≈–π”‡√≥Ÿ∑’ˇ°Á∫ √—°…“‰«â‰ª«“ß∫π·∑àπ«“ß (stub) ·≈â«π”‰ª©“∫∑Õß‚¥¬‡§√◊ËÕß sputter coater ®“°π—Èπ𔉪»÷°…“¿“¬„μâ °≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πåÕ‘‡≈Á°μ√Õπ·∫∫ àÕß°√“¥√ÿàπ JEOL: JSM 5800 LV ∫—π∑÷°¿“æ‚¥¬„™â´Õøμå·«√å Scandium ‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“≈—°…≥–¢Õß™àÕ߇ªî¥ §«“¡Àπ“·≈–≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—߇√≥Ÿ °“√√–∫ÿ™π‘¥æ◊™«ß»å¡–¥Ÿ° Õ“ßÕâ ßμ“¡Àπ‘ ß — Õ◊ Flora of Thailand [2] °“√√–∫√ÿª√Ÿ “ߢÕ߇√≥à Ÿ ‚¥¬„™§â “‡©≈à ¬®“°‡√≥’Ë ®”π«πŸ 100 ‡¡≈¥Á «—¥§«“¡¬“«·°π¥â“π·π«¢—È« (Polar axis, P) À“√¥â«¬§à“‡©≈’ˬ§«“¡¬“«·°π¥â“π·π«‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿμ√ (Equatorial axis, E) ¢π“¥¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ®”·π°μ“¡«‘∏’°“√¢Õß Erdtman [3] ‚¥¬„™â§«“¡¬“«·°π¥â“π∑’ˬ“« ∑’Ë ÿ¥ 𑬓¡§”»—æ∑å‡√≥Ÿ„™âμ“¡ Punt ·≈–§≥– [10] 4 SWU Sci. J. Vol. 36 No. 1 (2020)
μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 √“¬™◊ËÕ™π‘¥æ◊™∑’Ë„™â„π°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’È
™π‘¥æ◊™™◊ËÕæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß ∂“π∑’ˇ°Á∫ À¡“¬‡≈¢μ«Õ¬— “ßà Bhesa paniculata Arn. Willd. μ¡æ√–Ÿ ߢ≈“ AC. 4/16 (PSU) Celastrus paniculatusb Willd. °√–∑ß≈“¬ ‡™’¬ß„À¡à M. Nersaengsri 12175 (QBG) Elaeodendron glaucum (Rottb.) Pers. À¡“°πÈ”πÕßμπâ æ–‡¬“ W. La-ongsri et al. 2987 (QBG) Elaeodendron viburnifolium Merr. πÈ”πÕßμ√ß μ— ≈Ÿ AC. 2/16 (PSU) Euonymus bullatus Wall. ex Lodd. - πà“π P. Srisanya 456 (QBG) Euonymous cochinchinensis Pierre °√–®—∫π° ߢ≈“ AC. 1/16 (PSU) Euonymus echinatus Wall. °√–®—∫π°·¥ß ‡™’¬ß„À¡à P. Suksathan 1141 (QBG) Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. - ‡™’¬ß„À¡à W. Nanakorn et al. 9091 (QBG) Euonymus glaber Roxb. °√–®—∫π° æ–‡¬“ M. Nersaengsri 12413 (QBG) Euonymus indicus B. Heyne ex Wall. °√–¥Ÿ°‰°à μ“° W. La-ongsri et al. 2803 (QBG) Euonymus sootepensis Craib °√–®—∫π° πà“π W. La-ongsri et al. 1633 (QBG) Euonymus theifolius Wall. ex M.A. Lawson μ∫À≈“¡— πà“π P. Srisanya 526 (QBG) Glyptopetalum calorcarpum (Kurz) Prain μ∫À≈“¡— ‡™’¬ß„À¡à W. Pongamornkul 4883 (QBG) Glyptopetalum gracilipes Pierre μ∫À≈“¡— ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’ AC. 11/16 (PSU) Glyptopetalum quadrangulare Prain ex King μ∫À≈“¡— μ√ß— AC. 4/16 (PSU) Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum (Kurz) ¥Ÿà¥âÕß ‡™’¬ß„À¡à W. Pongamornkul 5332 (QBG) P. Lawson Gymnosporia curtisii King ¡–‡∫πÀπ‡™‘ ¬ß√“¬’ M. Nersaengsri & N. Tathana 7373 (QBG) Gymnosporia marcanii Craib Àπ“¡·¥ß ª√–®«∫§’√’¢—π∏å AC. 13/16 (PSU) Kokoona filiformis (M.A. Lawson) C.E.C. ¡–·®– ߢ≈“ AC. 7/16 (PSU) Fisch. Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) R. Wilczek ·√¥ÀππÀÿπ„∫¡π‘ ߢ≈“ AC. 14/16 (PSU) ex N. Hallé Loeseneriella pauciflora A.C. Sm. ·√¥ÀπÿπÀ‘π ‚¢∑ÿ ¬— C. Maknoi 7381(QBG) Lophopetalum floribundum Wight æ«¡æ√â“« ÿ√“…Æ√å∏“π’ S. Gardner et al. ST 1121(QBG) Lophopetalum javanicum (Zoll.) Turcz. æ«¡æ√â“« μ√ß— S. Gardner & V. Chamchumroon ST 2462 (QBG) Lophopetalum wallichii Kurz æߧ— ’ πà“π S. Bunma 83694(QBG) Microtropis bivalvis (Jack) Wall. ÕÕ°μ“° μ√ß— AC. 8/16 (PSU) Microtropis discolor (Wall.) Wall. ¢Õ∫¢“ß·¥ß ߢ≈“ AC. 15/17 (PSU) Reissantia grahamii Ding Hou - ‡™’¬ß„À¡à W. Nanakorn et al. 6013 (QBG) Reissantia indica (Willd.) N. Hallé ≈ÕÕ –μ“ ß¢≈“ AC. 9/16 (PSU) Salacia chinensis L. °”·æ߇®Á¥™—Èπ ߢ≈“ AC. 1/15 (PSU) Salacia macrophylla Blume ‡¥“‡¬πÁ ߢ≈“ AC. 1/18 (PSU) Siphonodon celastrineus Griff ¡–¥Ÿ°Õÿ∫≈√“™∏“π’ AC. 4/17 (PSU) «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 36 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π (2563) 5
º≈°“√»÷°…“ ®“°°“√»÷°…“ —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ¢Õßæ◊™«ß»å¡–¥Ÿ° ®”π«π 13 °ÿ≈ 31 ™π‘¥ ¿“¬„μâ °≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå·∫∫„™â· ß·≈–°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πåÕ‘‡≈Á°μ√Õπ·∫∫ àÕß°√“¥ æ∫«à“‡√≥Ÿ¢Õßæ◊™¥—ß°≈à“«¡’ ≈—°…≥–∑—Ë«‰ª à«π„À≠à ‡ªìπ‡¡Á¥‡¥’ˬ« (monad) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1: °.) ¢—È«·∫∫ isopolar ·≈– ¡¡“μ√√—»¡’ (Radial symmetry) ¬°‡«âπ„π Lophopetalum floribundum, Lophopetalum javanicum ·≈– Lophopetalum wallichii ®–‡ªìπ·∫∫°≈ÿà¡≈– ’Ë (tetrahedral tetrads) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1: ¢.) ·≈–√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π·μà≈–™π‘¥®–°≈à“« ¥—ßμàÕ‰ªπ’È (μ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ·≈– √Ÿª∑’Ë 1-3)
¢π“¥ (size) ‡√≥Ÿ∑’Ë»÷°…“„π§√—ÈßπÈ’¡’¢π“¥μ—Èß·μà¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“°∂÷ß¢π“¥ª“π°≈“ß (πâÕ¬°«à“ 10 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√ -50 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) ‚¥¬æ◊™∑’Ëπ”¡“»÷°…“ à«π„À≠à®–¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á° ¬°‡«âπ„π Microtropis discolor ‡√≥Ÿ¡’ ¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“° à«π„π Elaeodendron glaucum, Kokoona filiformis ·≈– Lophopetalum javanicum ‡√≥Ÿ¡’¢π“¥ª“π°≈“ß
√Ÿª√à“ß (shape) √Ÿª√à“ߢÕ߇√≥Ÿ·∫àßμ“¡Õ—μ√“ à«π√–À«à“ߧ«“¡¬“«·°π¥â“π¢—È« (Polar axis, P) μàÕ§«“¡¬“« ·°πμ“¡·π«‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿμ√ (Equatorial axis, E) æ∫√Ÿª√à“߇√≥Ÿ 5 ·∫∫¥—ßμàÕ‰ªπ’È 1. Oblate (P/E = 0.50-0.75) æ∫ 3 ™π¥‘ ‰¥·°â à Euonymous cochinchinensis, Gymnosporia marcanii ·≈– Kokoona filiformis (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1: ™., ´.) 2. Suboblate (P/E = 0.75-0.88) æ∫¡“°∑ ’Ë ¥®”π«πÿ 13 ™π¥‘ ‰¥·°â à Celastrus paniculatus, Elaeodendron glaucum, Elaeodendron viburnifolium, Euonymus bullatus, Euonymus glaber, Euonymus indicus, Euonymus theifolius, Glyptopetalum calorcarpum, Loeseneriella pauciflora, Lophopetalum wallichii, Microtropis bivalvis, Salacia chinensis ·≈– Siphonodon celastrineus (√Ÿª∑’Ë1: §., ß.) 3. Oblate spheroidal (P/E = 0.88-1.00) æ∫ 11 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à Euonymus echinatus, Euonymus sootepensis, Glyptopetalum calorcarpum, Glyptopetalum gracilipes, Glyptopetalum quadrangulare, Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum, Gymnosporia curtisii, Loeseneriella africana, Lophopetalum javanicum, Microtropis discolor, Reissantia grahamii ·≈– Reissantia indica (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1: ®., ©.) 4. Prolate spheroidal (P/E = 1-1.14) æ∫ 2 ™π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à Lophopetalum floribundum ·≈– Salacia macrophylla (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1: Æ., Ø.) 5. Subprolate (P/E = 1.14-1.33) æ∫ 2 ™π¥‘ ‰¥·°â à Bhesa paniculata ·≈– Euonymus fortunei (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1: ¨., ≠.) 6 SWU Sci. J. Vol. 36 No. 1 (2020)
1.40)
1.01)
0.12)
±
±
±
E. sootepensis,
11.
0.93) (16.83
0.72) (18.43
0.23) (1.16
±
±
±
E. indicus
10.
reticulate
E. glaber
0.55) (20.46
0.51) (23.89
0.11) (1.91
=
±
±
9.
±
E. fortunei
8.
0.72) (18.02
0.28) (20.52
0.05) (1.43
±
±
±
striato-reticulate, Re
=
E. echinatus
7.
0.88) (18.63
1.01) (16.02
0.11) (1.08
striate, St-Re
±
±
±
=
medium, St
E. cochinchinensis
1.34) (19.44
=
1.57) (21.73
0.18) (1.18
6.
±
±
±
small, M
Species
=
0.94) (16.14
1.04) (23.1
0.26) (2.42
±
±
Euonymus bullatus
±
5.
3-colporate, S
=
1.58) (17.01
0.96) (20.81
0.04) (1.35
±
±
±
E. viburnifolium
4.
Ÿ°
å¡–¥
Exine sculturing, 3-C.
=
1.63) (15.56
1.12) (18.42
0.16) (0.99
±
±
±
◊™«ß»
Ÿ¢Õßæ
Elaeodendron glaucum
3.
1.13) (27.07
0.82) (23.28
0.19) (2.27
±
±
±
Exine thickness, Exs.
=
‘∑¬“‡√≥
—≥∞“π«
1.16) (3.62
0.58) (16.18
0.14) (1.41
±
±
1234567891011
±
Celastrus paniculatus
2.
Equatorial axis, Ex.
—°…≥–
(0.85
(19.52
(15.22
=
≈
’Ë 2
Polar axis, E
Bhesa paniculata Bhesa
=
Size S S M S S S S S S S S Shape subprolate suboblate suboblate suboblate suboblate oblate oblate spheroidal subprolate suboblate suboblate oblate spheroidal
Type monad monad monad monad monad monad monad monad monad monad monad PolaritySymmetry iso radial radial iso radial iso radial iso radial iso radial radial iso radial iso radial iso radial iso radial iso iso Aperture 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. P 17.68-21.15 12.46-14.97 21.60-24.83 14.26-17.65 15.63-18.37 14.17-17.89 18.76-21.05 18.11-19.95 17.28-18.71 19.65-22.36 14.82-18.81
E 14.29-16.12 14.16-18.36 25.17-28.53 17.17-19.70 19.49-21.81 21.03-26.04 19.51-23.38 15.49-16.30 19.5-21.11 22.77-24.82 16.95-20.47
Ex. 0.67-1.04 1.07-1.72 2.08-2.52 0.96-1.05 0.98-1.56 2.16-2.78 1.04-1.33 1.10-1.39 1.32-1.56 1.55-2.25 1.03-1.39
Exs. St Re Re St-Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re
μ“√“ß∑
1. P «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 36 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π (2563) 7
™àÕ߇ªî¥ (Aperture) ™àÕ߇ªî¥¢Õßæ◊™∑’Ë»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ·∫∫ 3-colporate (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2: °., ¢.) ¬°‡«âπ„π Kokoona filiformis æ∫™àÕ߇ªî¥ 2 ·∫∫§◊Õ ™àÕ߇ªî¥·∫∫ 3-colporate ·≈– 4-colporate (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2: §., ß.) ·≈–„π Siphonodon celastrineus ¡’™àÕ߇ªî¥·∫∫ 3-porate (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2: ®., ©.)
≈«¥≈“¬¢Õߺπ—ß™—Èπ‡Õ°´’π (exine sculturing) ºπ—߇√≥Ÿ™—Èπ‡Õ°´’π¢Õßæ◊™∑’Ë»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’È¡’§«“¡Àπ“μ—Èß·μà 0.85 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√ „π Bhesa paniculata ∂÷ß 2.42 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√„π Euonymous cochinchinensis ≈«¥≈“¬¢Õߺπ—ß™—Èπ‡Õ°´’π¡’ 4 ·∫∫ ‰¥·°â à 1. ·∫∫ reticulate ‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫∑’˺π—߇√≥Ÿ¡’≈—°…≥–‡À¡◊Õπμ“¢à“¬¡’√Ÿ À√◊Õ™àÕß°«â“ß¡“°°«à“ 1 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√æ◊™∑’Ë»÷°…“ à«π„À≠à‡ªìπ·∫∫π’È (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3: °., ¢.) 2. ·∫∫ striate ‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥ºπ—߇√≥Ÿ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ —π«“ßμ—«¢π“π°—π æ∫‡©æ“–„π Bhesa paniculate (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3: §., ß.) 3. ·∫∫ striato-reticulate ‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥ºπ—߇√≥Ÿ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ —π∑’Ë«“ßμ—«¢π“π°—π ·≈–¡’°“√´âÕπ∑—∫°—π¢Õß —ππ—Èπ æ∫‡©æ“–„π Elaeodendron viburnifolium (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3: ®., ©.) 4. ·∫∫ punctate ‡ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫≈«¥≈“¬∑’˺‘«¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ√Ÿª√à“ß°≈¡‚¥¬¡’§«“¡‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß ¢Õß™àÕß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà∫πºπ—߇√≥Ÿ¡’¢π“¥πâÕ¬°«à“ 1 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√ æ∫‡©æ“–„π Kokoona filiformis (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3: ™, ´.)
√ÿª·≈–«‘®“√≥åº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß ®“°°“√»÷°…“ —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ¢Õßæ◊™«ß»å¡–¥Ÿ°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ “¡“√∂ √ÿª≈—°…≥–‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª ¢Õßæ™∑◊ »’Ë °…“‰¥÷ ¥â ßπ— ’È ‡√≥„π«ß»Ÿ ¡–¥å °¡Ÿ ’ 2 √ª·∫∫Ÿ §Õ·∫∫‡¡◊ ¥‡¥Á ¬«’Ë ·≈–·∫∫°≈¡≈– ÿà ’Ë ¡¢’ «·∫∫—È isopolar ¢π“¥¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ¡’μ—Èß·μà¢π“¥‡≈Á°¡“° (πâÕ¬°«à“ 10 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) ∂÷ß¢π“¥ª“π°≈“ß (25-50 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) √Ÿª√à“ߢÕ߇√≥Ÿ¡’ 5 ·∫∫‰¥â·°à oblate, suboblate, oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal ·≈– subprolate ™àÕ߇ªî¥¡’ 3 ·∫∫‰¥â·°à 3-colporate, 3-porate ·≈– 4-colporate ·≈–≈«¥≈“¬¢Õߺπ—ß™—Èπ‡Õ°´’π¡’ 4 ·∫∫ §◊Õ reticulate, striate, striato-reticulate ·≈– punctate °“√»°…“√÷ ª·∫∫™πŸ ¥¢Õ߇√≥‘ “¡“√∂·∫Ÿ ß°≈à ¡¢Õßæÿà ™∑◊ ∑”°“√»’Ë °…“√–¥÷ ∫ °— ≈‰¥ÿ ‡ªâ πì 2 °≈¡§ÿà Õ◊ °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’‡√≥Ÿ‡ªìπ·∫∫‡¡Á¥‡¥’ˬ« ·≈–°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’‡√≥Ÿ‡ªìπ·∫∫°≈ÿà¡≈– ’Ë ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂·¬° °ÿ≈ Lophopetalum ÕÕ°®“° °ÿ≈Õ◊Ëπ‚¥¬„™â≈—°…≥–°“√∑’Ë¡’‡√≥Ÿ‡ªìπ·∫∫°≈ÿà¡≈– ’Ë ÕÕ°®“° °ÿ≈∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ≈—°…≥–√Ÿª·∫∫™àÕ߇ªî¥ “¡“√∂·¬° °ÿ≈ Kokoona ∑’Ë¡’™àÕ߇ªî¥ 2 ·∫∫§◊Õ 3-colporate ·≈– 4-colporate ·≈–„™â≈—°…≥– ™Õ߇ªà ¥·∫∫î 3-porate ·¬° °≈ÿSiphonodon ÕÕ°®“° °≈∑ÿ‡À≈’Ë Õ∑◊ ¡’Ë ≈’ °…≥–™— Õ߇ªà ¥·∫∫î 3-colporate ‰¥ â ≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ߇հ´— π’ ·∫∫ striate “¡“√∂„™·¬° °â ≈ÿBhesa ·≈–≈«¥≈“¬·∫∫ punctate “¡“√∂ „™â·¬°„π °ÿ≈ Kokoona ÕÕ°®“° °ÿ≈Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë à«π„À≠à¡’≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—߇հ´’π·∫∫ reticulate ‰¥â 8 SWU Sci. J. Vol. 36 No. 1 (2020)
1.25)
1.03)
0.23)
±
±
±
1.10) (19.32
1.11) (22.23
0.23) (1.12
±
±
±
1.18) (21.84
1.45) (24.4
0.2) (1.07
±
±
±
Gymnosporia curtisii
17.
1.17) (22.67
1.18) (30.43
0.09) (1.68
±
±
±
sclerocarpum
16. G.
0.70) (15.18
1.39) (20.29
0.16) (1.01
±
±
±
quadrangulare
P = Polar axis, E = Equatorial axis, Ex. = Exine thickness, Exs. = Exine sculturing,
0.90) (15.76
0.81) (17.39
0.16) (1.25
±
±
±
Species
15. G.
L. pauciflora
1.20) (19.46
1.41) (20.01
0.12) (1.23
21.
±
±
±
G. gracilipes
àÕ)
14.
Ÿ° (μ
1.24) (23.52
1.13) (23.07
0.23) (1.42
±
å¡–¥
±
±
spheroidal spheroidal spheroidal spheroidal spheroidal
◊™«ß»
◊Õ 3-colporate ·≈– 4-colporate, S = small, M = medium, Pt = punctate , Re = reticulate
Loeseneriella africana
20.
Ÿ¢Õßæ
1.69) (17.7
1.24) (21.07
0.14) (1.06
±
±
±
î¥ 2 ·∫∫§
‘∑¬“‡√≥
àÕ߇ª
Glyptopetalum calorcarpum
13.
—≥∞“π«
0.94) (18.13
0.56) (21.07
0.17) (1.15
Kokoona filiformis
±
±
SSSSSSSMS S
±
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
19.
(1.21
—°…≥–
(20.43
(23.22
≈
’Ë 2
Euonymus theifolius
G. marcanii
μ“√“ß∑
Type monad monad monad monad monad monad monad monad3-C. = 3-colporate, 3,4-C. = ™ monad monad Polarity iso iso iso iso iso iso iso iso iso iso Symmetry radial radial radial radial radial radial radial radial radial radial Aperture 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3,4-C. 3-C. 3-C. P 19.04-21.58 15.60-20.45 16.83-19.38 20.54-24.51 18.10-20.61 14.28-16.31 13.74-17.17 21.27-22.94 20.70-23.48 17.69-20.98 18.
Size E 22.30-24.05 19.54-22.90 18.35-22.20 20.49-25.15 18.79-21.62 15.53-19.20 18.86-21.73 28.49-32.41 22.56-25.98 20.13-23.71 Shape suboblate suboblate oblate oblate oblate oblate oblate oblate oblate suboblate
Exs. Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Pt Re Re Ex. 0.91-1.39 0.92-1.37 0.80-1.63 1.23-1.62 0.99-1.43 1.02-1.42 0.90-1.10 1.40-1.87 0.71-1.58 0.81-1.46 12. «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 36 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π (2563) 9
0.83
1.20)
0.15)
±
±
±
1.70) (18.58
0.1) (1.45
1.58) (21.22
±
±
±
R. indica
28.
0.85) (19.02
1.44) (18.7
0.16) (0.96
±
±
±
Reissantia grahamii
0.34) (14.95
0.80) (17.7
0.09) (1.13
±
±
±
27.
0.99) (13.63
0.26) (14.07
M. discolor
0.17) (0.85
± ±
±
26.
0.62) (14.64
0.56) (14.63
0.09) (0.93
±
±
±
Species
P = Polar axis, E = Equatorial axis, Ex. = Exine thickness, Exs. = Exine sculturing,
Microtropis bivalvis
0.44) (7.28
0.51) (6.65
0.07) (0.52
25.
±
±
±
àÕ)
Ÿ° (μ
L. wallichii
1.85) (9.61
1.81) (11.83
0.25) (0.85
±
±
å¡–¥
±
24.
Siphonodon celastrineus
◊™«ß»
31.
Ÿ¢Õßæ
2.50) (20.18
1.09) (23.96
L. javanicum
0.32) (2.30
±
±
±
23.
‘∑¬“‡√≥
S. macrophylla
—≥∞“π«
30.
1.10) (26.76
1.19) (27.91
0.38) (2.26
±
±
±
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
spheroidal spheroidal spheroidal spheroidal spheroidal spheroidal
(1.93
—°…≥–
(18.78
(17.97
≈
’Ë 2
Salacia chinensis
Lophopetalum floribundum
3-C. = 3-colporate, XS = very small, S = small, M = medium, Re = reticulate μ“√“ß∑
29. Type tetrad tetrad tetrad monad monad monad monad monad monad monad Polarity iso iso iso iso iso iso iso iso iso iso Symmetry radial radial radial radial radial radial radial radial radial radial Aperture 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-C. 3-P. P 16.39-20.17 22.34-29.32 18.48-22.49 8.82-10.43 5.93-7.62 13.38-16.65 12.84-13.97 13.88-16.06 14.88-21.05 16.87-19.95
Size S M S S XS S S S S S E 16.12-20.26 25.68-29.18 20.41-26.58 11.25-12.72 6.48-7.94 14.11-15.00 13.05-15.47 16.41-19.79 16.02-20.97 18.52-23.09 Shape prolate oblate suboblate suboblate oblate oblate oblate suboblate prolate suboblate Ex. 1.52-2.5 1.7-2.66 1.88-2.61 0.78-0.90 0.44-0.65 0.87-1.28 0.77-0.98 0.88-1.14 0.78-1.07 1.22-1.61
Exs. Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re 22. 10 SWU Sci. J. Vol. 36 No. 1 (2020)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ™π‘¥·≈–√Ÿª√à“ߢÕ߇√≥Ÿ¢Õßæ◊™«ß»å¡–¥Ÿ°: °. ‡√≥Ÿ·∫∫‡¥’ˬ« (Celastrus paniculatus) ¢. ‡√≥Ÿ ·∫∫°≈ÿà¡ (Lophopetalum javanicum) §. ·≈– ß. √Ÿª√à“ß·∫∫ suboblate (Salacia chinensis; §. ·π«¢«,—È ß. ·π«‡ π»â π¬Ÿ å μ√)Ÿ ®. ·≈– ©. √ª√Ÿ “ß·∫∫à oblate spheroidal (Reissantia grahamii; ®. ·π«¢—È«, ©. ·π«‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿμ√) ™. ·≈– ´. √Ÿª√à“ß·∫∫ oblate (Euonymous cochinchinensis; ™. ·π«¢—È«, ´. ·π«‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿμ√) ¨. ·≈– ≠. √Ÿª√à“ß·∫∫ subprolate (Bhesa paniculata; ¨. ·π«¢—È«, ≠. ·π«‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿμ√) Æ. ·≈– Ø. √Ÿª√à“ß·∫∫ prolate spheroidal (Salacia macrophylla; Æ. ·π«¢—È«, Ø. ·π«‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿμ√) ( ‡°≈: 10 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ™Õ߇ªà ¥¢Õ߇√≥î ¢ÕßæŸ ™«ß»◊ ¡–¥å °:Ÿ °. ·≈– ¢. ™Õ߇ªà ¥·∫∫î 3-colporate (Gymnosporia curtisii;; °. ·π«¢—È«, ¢. ·π«‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿμ√ §. ·≈– ß. ™àÕ߇ªî¥·∫∫ 4-colporate (Kokoona filiformis; §. ·π«¢—È«, ß. ·π«‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿμ√) ®. ·≈– ©. ™àÕ߇ªî¥·∫∫ 3-porate (Siphonodon celastrineus; ®. ·π«¢—È«, ©. ·π«‡ âπ»Ÿπ¬å Ÿμ√) ( ‡°≈: 10 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 36 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π (2563) 11
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 √Ÿª·∫∫≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—߇հ´’π¢Õßæ◊™«ß»å¡–¥Ÿ°: °. ·≈– ¢. ·∫∫ reticulate (Euonymous cochinchinensis, ‡°≈: °. 10 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√, ¢. 2 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) §. ·≈– ß. ·∫∫ striate (Bhesa paniculata, ‡°≈: §. 5 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√, ß. 1 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) ®. ·≈– ©. ·∫∫ striato-reticulate (Elaeodendron viburnifolium, ‡°≈: ®. 5 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√, ©. 2 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) ™. ·≈– ´. ·∫∫ punctate (Kokoona filiformis, ‡°≈: ™. 10 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√, ´. 2 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√) 12 SWU Sci. J. Vol. 36 No. 1 (2020)
®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“„π√–¥—∫™π‘¥æ∫≈—°…≥–∑’Ë “¡“√∂𔉪„™â„π°“√√–∫ÿ™π‘¥¢Õßæ◊™ ∫“ß °ÿ≈‰¥â ‡™àπ √Ÿª√à“ߢÕ߇√≥Ÿ “¡“√∂„™â·¬°√–¥—∫™π‘¥¢Õßæ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Euonymus, Glyptopetalum, Gymnosporia, Loeseneriella, Lophopetalum, Microtropis ·≈– Salacia ‚¥¬‡√≥Ÿ∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª√à“ß·∫∫ oblate (æ∫„π Euonymus cochinchinensis) à«π√Ÿª√à“ß·∫∫ oblate spheroidal (æ∫„π Euonymus echinatus, E. Sootepensis ·≈– Lophopetalum javanicum) ·≈–‡√≥Ÿ∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª√à“ß·∫∫ suboblate æ∫ „πæ◊™ °ÿ≈ Glyptopetalum (æ∫„π G. calorcapum), Loeseneriella (æ∫„π L. pauciflora), Lophopetalum (æ∫„π L. wallichii), Microtropis (M. bivalvis) ·≈– Salacia (æ∫„π S. chinensis) ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂„™â√Ÿª√à“ߢÕ߇√≥Ÿ„π°“√·¬°ÕÕ°®“°æ◊™™π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ„π °ÿ≈‡¥’¬«°—π‰¥â à«π„π °ÿ≈ Microtropis “¡“√∂„™â¢π“¥¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ¡“√à«¡„π°“√®”·π°√–¥—∫™π‘¥‰¥â¥â«¬ ·≈–„™â¢π“¥¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ·≈–≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—ß ‡Õ°´’π„π°“√·¬° Elaeodendron glaucum ·≈– E. viburnifolium ÕÕ°®“°°—π ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ °“√»°…“∑“ß ÷ ≥∞“π«— ∑¬“¢Õß‘ Hou ·≈–§≥– [2] ·≈–°“√»°…“«÷ «‘ ≤π“°“√™“μ— æ‘ π∏— ¢Õßÿå Simsons ·≈– §≥– [11] æ∫«à“°“√®—¥®”·π°‚¥¬„™â≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ‰¡à Õ¥§≈âÕß°—π°—∫≈—°…≥–∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢π“¥ √Ÿª√à“ß·≈–≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—߇հ´’π¢Õß°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’È¡’≈—°…≥–∑’Ë√à«¡°—π„π·μà≈– °ÿ≈Õ¬Ÿà ¡“° ·≈–„π∫“ß °ÿ≈∑’Ë “¡“√∂®”·π°‰¥â®–¡’º≈°“√®—¥°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß®“°°“√„™â≈—°…≥–∑“ß«‘«—≤π“°“√ ™“μ‘æ—π∏ÿå·≈–≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫º≈°“√«‘®—¬„π§√—Èßπ’È°—∫ß“π«‘®—¬∑’˺à“π¡“æ∫∑—Èß≈—°…≥–∑’Ë Õ¥§≈âÕ߉¥â·°à ™àÕß ‡ªî¥∑’Ë¡’™àÕ߇ªî¥·∫∫ 3-colporate ¢—È«·∫∫ isopolar ·≈–≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—߇հ´’π·∫∫ reticulate ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“„π °ÿ≈‡¥’¬«°—π¢Õß Erdtman [3], Gavrilova ·≈–§≥– [4], Hou [5], Kasem [6], Kubitzki [1], Perveen ·≈– Qauser [7], Rao ·≈– Leonc [8] ·≈– Vania ·≈– Therezinha [9] „π°“√»°…“§√÷ ßπ—È °“√¡’È ™’ Õ߇ªà ¥·∫∫î 3-porate „π °≈ÿSiphonodon ° Õ¥§≈Á Õß°â ∫°“√»— °…“¢Õß÷ Erdtman [3] æ◊™„π °ÿ≈ Elaeodendron æ∫≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—߇հ´’π·∫∫ striato-reticulate „π E. viburnifolium ´÷Ë߉¡à¡’°“√√“¬ß“π¡“°àÕπ ‚¥¬°“√»÷°…“°àÕπÀπâ“π’È Gosling ·≈–§≥– [12], Rao ·≈– Leonc [8] æ∫ ‡©æ“–·∫∫ reticulate ·≈– punctate à«π„π °ÿ≈ Kokoona °“√¡’™àÕ߇ªî¥ 2 ·∫∫π—Èπ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√ »÷°…“¢Õß Hou [5] à«π°“√¡’≈—°…≥–≈«¥≈“¬∫πºπ—߇հ´’π·∫∫ striate „π °ÿ≈ Bhesa Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ °“√»÷°…“¢Õß Wurdack ·≈– Davis [13] ´÷Ëß≈—°…≥–∑’ˉ¡à Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“∑’Ë°≈à“«¡“¢â“ßμâπ§◊Õ √Ÿª√à“ß·≈–¢π“¥¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ ´÷ËßÕ“®‡ªìπ‡æ√“–§«“¡·μ°μà“ߢÕß™π‘¥æ◊™∑’Ëπ”¡“»÷°…“¢Õß°“√»÷°…“°àÕπÀπâ“π’È ·≈–∑—Èß Õß≈—°…≥–π’È¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—π ∑”„À≥â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˉ¡à Õ¥§≈âÕß°—π √«¡∂÷ß≈—°…≥– —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ ∫“ßÕ¬à“ß Õ“®¡’§«“¡º—π·ª√μ“¡ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â ®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Azzazy [14] æ∫«à“‡√≥Ÿ¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°≈ß ‡¡◊ËÕ‰¥â√—∫¡≈æ‘…®“°°“√∑”Õÿμ “À°√√¡ ·≈–®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Delph ·≈–§≥– [15] ·≈– Sénéchal ·≈–§≥– [16] æ∫«à“¡≈¿“«–¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¬—ß àߺ≈μàÕ°“√ √â“ß “√¿“¬„π¢Õ߇√≥Ÿ ¥â“π𑇫»«‘∑¬“ ·≈–«‘«—≤π“°“√¢Õ߇√≥ŸÕ’°¥â«¬ °“√∑’Ëæ∫≈—°…≥–∑’Ë¡’§«“¡·μ°μà“ß®“°∑’ˇ§¬¡’√“¬ß“π¡“°àÕπ„πæ◊™∫“ß °ÿ≈ ∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡ ≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“‡√≥Ÿ¢Õßæ◊™°≈ÿà¡π’È„Àâ¡’§«“¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ πÕ°®“°π’È≈—°…≥– —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ ‡√≥Ÿ “¡“√∂„™â„π°“√ π—∫ πÿπ°“√®—¥®”·π°æ◊™„π√–¥—∫ °ÿ≈À√◊Õ™π‘¥√à«¡°—∫°“√„™â≈—°…≥– —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ ¢Õß°“√®—¥®”·π°„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 36 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π (2563) 13
°‘μμ‘°√√¡ª√–°“» ¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ ¿“§«‘™“™’««‘∑¬“ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å ∑’Ë„À⧫“¡ Õπ‡§√“–Àÿ ∂“π∑å ·≈–‡§√’Ë Õß¡◊Ë Õ ”À√◊ ∫°“√∑”ß“π«— ®‘ ¬— ÀÕæ√√≥‰¡ â «π惰…»“ μ√ ¡‡¥å ®æ√–π“߇®Á “ â √‘ °‘ μ‘ ‘Ï (QBG) ∑’ËÕ”π«¬§«“¡ –¥«°„π°“√»÷°…“μ—«Õ¬à“ßæ—π∏ÿ剡â·Àâß ·≈–°“√∑”«‘®—¬„π§√—Èßπ’ȉ¥â√—∫∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ ®“°∑ÿπ‡√’¬π¥’«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
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