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REALTIME: MAKING DIGITAL CHINA 1 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIMECHINA DIGITAL 实时MAKING REALTIME: REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实 时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME 实时 REALTIME REALTIME: MAKING DIGITAL CHINA 1 COPYRIGHT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cover illustration, graphic design and layout: Maria Roszkowska, DISNOVATION.ORG -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- is an imprint owned by the Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, a Swiss academic publishing company whose main purpose is to publish the teaching and research works of the Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes EPFL – Rolex Learning Center Post office box 119 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] www.epflpress.org First edition © EPFL Press, 2020 ISBN 978-2-88915-345-9 All rights reserved, including those of translation into other languages. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprint, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publisher. Printed in Italy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REALTIME: MAKING DIGITAL CHINA 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION (RENAUD, GRAEZER BIDEAU & LAPERROUZA) 006 01 THE ASCENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA (RENAUD) 014 02 PLANNING: FROM MODEL TO MODULES (GRAEZER BIDEAU) 038 03 PRODUCING STANDARDIZATION: CHINESE BLOCKS IN NETWORKS (LAPERROUZA) 060 04 AN ARCHEOLOGY OF SHANZHAI PHONES (RENAUD & DISNOVATION.ORG) 086 05 THE GHOSTS OF SHENZHEN (DE BEL) 110 06 LEARNING ABOUT MAKERS IN CHINA (BOLLI, RENAUD, BLOCH & PROTTI) 126 07 CHINA.AI (DE SETA) 154 08 THE ARMATURES OF A NEW AUTONOMOUS URBANISM (HILGEFORT & LI) 170 09 SPEED POLITICS OF DANMU (GE ZHANG) 182 10 FUTURE RECIPES (WANG) 200 CONCLUSION (RENAUD, GRAEZER BIDEAU & LAPERROUZA) 218 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION (RENAUD, GRAEZER BIDEAU & LAPERROUZA) 006 01 THE ASCENT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA (RENAUD) 014 02 PLANNING: FROM MODEL TO MODULES (GRAEZER BIDEAU) 038 03 PRODUCING STANDARDIZATION: CHINESE BLOCKS IN NETWORKS (LAPERROUZA) 060 04 AN ARCHEOLOGY OF SHANZHAI PHONES (RENAUD & DISNOVATION.ORG) 086 05 THE GHOSTS OF SHENZHEN (DE BEL) 110 06 LEARNING ABOUT MAKERS IN CHINA (BOLLI, RENAUD, BLOCH & PROTTI) 126 07 CHINA.AI (DE SETA) 154 08 THE ARMATURES OF A NEW AUTONOMOUS URBANISM (HILGEFORT & LI) 170 09 SPEED POLITICS OF DANMU (GE ZHANG) 182 10 FUTURE RECIPES (WANG) 200 CONCLUSION (RENAUD, GRAEZER BIDEAU & LAPERROUZA) 218 5 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简 介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION 简介 INTRODUCTION