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List of Generic Medications D0001 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) D0031 Artemisinin D0002 Abacavir D0032 Artesunate D0003 Abiraterone D0033 Asenapine D0004 Acenocoumarol D0034 Aspirin D0005 Aclidinium D0035 Astemizole D0006 Albendazole D0036 Atazanavir D0007 Alfentanyl D0037 Atomoxetine D0008 Alfuzosin D0038 Atorvastatin D0009 Aliskiren D0039 Avanafil D0010 Allopurinol D0040 Axitinib D0011 Almotriptan D0041 Azathioprine D0012 Alogliptin D0042 Azilsartan D0013 Alosetron D0043 Bazedoxifene D0014 Alprazolam D0044 Bedaquiline D0015 Amantadine D0045 Bepridil D0016 Amiodarone D0046 Bicalutamide D0017 Amisulpride D0047 Bisoprolol D0018 Amitriptyline D0048 Boceprevir D0019 Amlodipine D0049 Bosentan D0020 Amobarbital D0050 Bosutinib D0021 Amodiaquine D0051 Brivaracetam D0022 Amoxapine D0052 Bromazepam D0023 Anastrozole D0053 Bromocriptine D0024 Apixaban D0054 Bromperidol D0025 Aprepitant D0055 Brotizolam D0026 Arformoterol D0056 Budesonide D0027 Aripiprazole D0057 Buprenorphine D0028 Armodafinil D0058 Bupropion D0029 Arteether D0059 Buspirone D0030 Artemether D0060 Cabozantinib [email protected] Page 1 List of Generic Medications D0061 Canagliflozin D0091 Clofarabine D0062 Cannabidiol (CBD) D0092 Clofibrate D0063 Cannabinol (CBN) D0093 Clomipramine D0064 Captopril D0094 Clonazepam D0065 Carbamazepine D0095 Clonidine D0066 Carisoprodol D0096 Clopidogrel D0067 Carmustine D0097 Clorazepate D0068 Carvedilol D0098 Clozapine D0069 Celecoxib D0099 Cocaine D0070 Ceritinib D0100 Codeine D0071 Cerivastatin D0101 Colchicine D0072 Cetirizine D0102 Cortisol (hydrocortisone) D0073 Chloramphenicol D0103 Crizotinib D0074 Chlordiazepoxide D0104 Cyamemazine D0075 Chloroquine D0105 Cyclizine D0076 Chlorpheniramine D0106 Cyclobenzaprine D0077 Chlorpromazine D0107 Cyclophosphamide D0078 Chlorpropamide D0108 Cyclosporine D0079 Cilansetron D0109 Cyproterone D0080 Cilostazol D0110 Cytarabine D0081 Cinacalcet D0111 Dabrafenib D0082 Cinitapride D0112 Dalfampridine D0083 Cisapride D0113 Dapagliflozin D0084 Cisplatin D0114 Dapoxetine D0085 Citalopram D0115 Dapsone D0086 Cladribine D0116 Darifenacin D0087 Clarithromycin D0117 Darunavir D0088 Clebopride D0118 Dasatinib D0089 Clindamycin D0119 Debrisoquine D0090 Clobazam D0120 Delavirdine [email protected] Page 2 List of Generic Medications D0121 Delta 9-tetra hydrocannabinol (▵9_THC) D0151 Dronabinol D0122 Desipramine D0152 Dronedarone D0123 Desloratadine D0153 Droperidol D0124 Desogestrel D0154 Duloxetine D0125 Dexamethasone D0155 Dutasteride D0126 Dexlansoprazole D0156 Efavirenz D0127 Dexmethylphenidate D0157 Eletriptan D0128 Dextroamphetamine D0158 Eltrombopag D0129 Dextromethorphan D0159 Elvitegravir D0130 Dextropropoxyphene D0160 Enalapril D0131 Diacetylmorphine (Heroin) D0161 Encainide D0132 Diazepam D0162 Enflurane D0133 Diclofenac D0163 Enfuvirtide D0134 Dienogest D0164 Entacapone D0135 Digoxin D0165 Enzalutamide D0136 Dihydrocodeine D0166 Eplerenone D0137 Dihydroergotamine D0167 Ergotamine D0138 Diltiazem D0168 Erlotinib D0139 Diphenhydramine D0169 Erythromycin D0140 Disopyramide D0170 Escitalopram D0141 Docetaxel D0171 Esomeprazole D0142 Dofetilide D0172 Estazolam D0143 Dolasetron D0173 Estradiol D0144 Dolutegravir D0174 Eszopiclone D0145 Domperidone D0175 Ethanol D0146 Donepezil D0176 Ethinylestradiol D0147 Dosulepin D0177 Ethosuximide D0148 Doxazosin D0178 Ethylmorphine D0149 Doxepin D0179 Etoposide D0150 Doxorubicin D0180 Etoricoxib [email protected] Page 3 List of Generic Medications D0181 Etravirine D0211 Galantamine D0182 Everolimus D0212 Gefitinib D0183 Exemestane D0213 Gemfibrozil D0184 Ezetimibe D0214 Gliclazide D0185 Febuxostat D0215 Glimepiride D0186 Felbamate D0216 Glipizide D0187 Fenofibrate D0217 Gliquidone D0188 Fenoprofen D0218 Glyburide D0189 Fentanyl D0219 Granisetron D0190 Fexofenadine D0220 Halofantrine D0191 Finasteride D0221 Haloperidol D0192 Fingolimod D0222 Halothane D0193 Flecainide D0223 Hexobarbital D0194 Fluconazole D0224 Hydralazine D0195 Flunitrazepam D0225 Hydrocodone D0196 Fluorouracil D0226 Hydromorphone D0197 Fluoxetine D0227 Hydroxychloroquine D0198 Fluphenazine D0228 Hydroxyzine D0199 Flurazepam D0229 Ibrutinib D0200 Flurbiprofen D0230 Ibuprofen D0201 Flutamide D0231 Ilaprazole D0202 Fluticasone D0232 Iloperidone D0203 Fluvastatin D0233 Imatinib D0204 Fluvoxamine D0234 Imipramine D0205 Formoterol D0235 Indacaterol D0206 Fosamprenavir D0236 Indinavir D0207 Frovatriptan D0237 Indomethacin D0208 Fulvestrant D0238 Iphosphamide D0209 Furosemide D0239 Irbesartan D0210 Gabapentin D0240 Irinotecan [email protected] Page 4 List of Generic Medications D0241 Isoflurane D0271 Loperamide D0242 Isoniazid D0272 Lopinavir D0243 Isosorbide dinitrate D0273 Loratadine D0244 Isotretinoin D0274 Lorazepam D0245 Itraconazole D0275 Lorcaserin D0246 Ivabradine D0276 Lormetazepam D0247 Ivacaftor D0277 Lornoxicam D0248 Ketamine D0278 Losartan D0249 Ketobemidone D0279 Lovastatin D0250 Ketoconazole D0280 Loxapine D0251 Ketoprofen D0281 Lurasidone D0252 Labetalol D0282 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) D0253 Lacosamide D0283 Macitentan D0254 Lamotrigine D0284 Maprotiline D0255 Lansoprazole D0285 Maraviroc D0256 Lapatinib D0286 Masitinib D0257 Leflunomide D0287 Mefenamic acid D0258 Lestaurtinib D0288 Mefloquine D0259 Letrozole D0289 Meloxicam D0260 Levacetylmethadol D0290 Memantine D0261 Levetiracetam D0291 Meperidine D0262 Levoamphetamine D0292 Mephenytoin D0263 Levomepromazine D0293 Mercaptopurine D0264 Levomilnacipran D0294 Mestranol D0265 Levonorgestrel D0295 Methadone D0266 Levothyroxine D0296 Methamphetamine D0267 Lidocaine D0297 Methotrexate D0268 Linagliptin D0298 Methoxyflurane D0269 Liothyronine D0299 Methylnaltrexone D0270 Lisdexamfetamine D0300 Methylphenidate [email protected] Page 5 List of Generic Medications D0301 Metoclopramide D0331 Nifedipine D0302 Metoprolol D0332 Nilotinib D0303 Mexiletine D0333 Nilutamide D0304 Mianserin D0334 Nimodipine D0305 Midazolam D0335 Nintedanib D0306 Mifepristone D0336 Nitrazepam D0307 Milnacipran D0337 Nordazepam D0308 Mipomersen D0338 Nortriptyline D0309 Mirtazapine D0339 Olanzapine D0310 Mitoxantrone D0340 Olmesartan D0311 Moclobemide D0341 Omeprazole D0312 Modafinil D0342 Ondansetron D0313 Mometasone D0343 Ornidazole D0314 Montelukast D0344 Oseltamivir D0315 Morphine D0345 Ospemifene D0316 Mosapride D0346 Oxazepam-r D0317 Mycophenolate mofetil D0347 Oxazepam-s D0318 Nabumetone D0348 Oxybutynin D0319 Naloxone D0349 Oxycodone D0320 Naltrexone D0350 Oxymorphone D0321 Naproxen D0351 Oxypurinol D0322 Naratriptan D0352 Paclitaxel D0323 Nateglinide D0353 Pacritinib D0324 Nebivolol D0354 Paliperidone D0325 Nefazodone D0355 Palonosetron D0326 Nelfinavir D0356 Pantoprazole D0327 Neratinib D0357 Paracetamol D0328 Nevirapine D0358 Paramethadione D0329 Nicardipine D0359 Parecoxib D0330 Nicotine D0360 Paritaprevir [email protected] Page 6 List of Generic Medications D0361 Paroxetine D0391 Promazine D0362 Pazopanib D0392 Promethazine D0363 Pemetrexed D0393 Propafenone D0364 Pentamidine D0394 Propofol D0365 Peramivir D0395 Propranolol D0366 Perampanel D0396 Protriptyline D0367 Perphenazine D0397 Prucalopride D0368 Phencyclidine (PCP) D0398 Pyrazinamide D0369 Phenobarbital D0399 Quazepam D0370 Phenprocoumon D0400 Quetiapine D0371 Phentermine D0401 Quinidine D0372 Phenytoin D0402 Quinine D0373 Pimecrolimus D0403 Rabeprazole D0374 Pimozide D0404 Raloxifene D0375 Pioglitazone D0405 Raltegravir D0376 Piroxicam D0406 Ramelteon D0377 Pitavastatin D0407 Ranitidine D0378 Pomalidomide D0408 Ranolazine D0379 Ponatinib D0409 Rasagiline D0380 Pramipexole D0410 Rasburicase D0381 Pranlukast D0411 Reboxetine D0382 Prasugrel D0412 Regorafenib D0383 Pravastatin D0413 Repaglinide D0384 Prednisone D0414 Reserpine D0385 Pregabalin D0415 Retigabine D0386 Primaquine D0416 Rifabutin D0387 Primidone D0417 Rifampicin D0388 Procainamide D0418 Rilpivirine D0389 Prochlorperazine D0419 Riluzole D0390 Proguanil D0420 Rimantadine [email protected] Page 7 List of Generic Medications D0421 Risperidone D0451 Sulfadimidine D0422 Ritonavir D0452 Sulfamethoxazole D0423 Rivaroxaban D0453 Sulfapyridine D0424 Rivastigmine D0454 Sulfinpyrazone D0425 Roflumilast D0455 Sulpiride D0426 Ropinirole D0456 Sunitinib D0427 Rosiglitazone D0457 Tacrine D0428 Rosuvastatin D0458 Tacrolimus D0429 Ruxolitinib D0459 Tadalafil D0430 Salmeterol D0460 Tamoxifen D0431 Saquinavir D0461 Tamsulosin D0432 Saxagliptin D0462 Tapentadol D0433 Scopolamine D0463 Tegafur D0434 Selegiline D0464 Telaprevir D0435 Seletracetam D0465 Telithromycin D0436 Sertindole D0466 Telmisartan D0437 Sertraline D0467 Temazepam D0438 Sevoflurane D0468 Temsirolimus D0439 Sibutramine D0469 Teniposide D0440 Sildenafil D0470 Tenoxicam D0441 Silodosin D0471 Terazosin D0442 Simeprevir D0472 Terbinafine D0443 Simvastatin D0473 Terfenadine D0444 Sirolimus D0474 Testosterone D0445 Sitagliptin D0475 Tetrabenazine D0446 Solifenacin D0476 Theophylline D0447 Sorafenib D0477 Thiamylal D0448 Sparteine D0478 Thioridazine D0449 Succinylcholine D0479 Thiothixene D0450 Sufentanil D0480 Tiagabine [email protected] Page 8 List of Generic Medications D0481 Ticagrelor D0511 Valproic acid D0482 Tilidine D0512 Valsartan D0483 Timolol D0513 Vandetanib D0484 Tinidazole D0514 Vardenafil D0485 Tioguanine D0515 Venlafaxine D0486 Tipranavir D0516 Verapamil D0487 Tizanidine D0517 Vicoprofen D0488 Toceranib D0518 Vilanterol D0489 Tofacitinib D0519 Vilazodone D0490 Tolazamide D0520 Vinblastine D0491 Tolbutamide D0521 Vincristine D0492 Tolcapone D0522 Vismodegib D0493 Tolterodine D0523 Vorapaxar D0494 Tolvaptan D0524 Voriconazole D0495 Topiramate
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    IBS Treatment

    TREATMENTS OF IBS Douglas A. Drossman, MD Co-Director UNC Center for Functional GI & Motility Disorders INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been increased interest by physicians and the pharmaceutical industry regarding newer treatments for IBS. Before discussing these new treatments, it is important to consider the overall management strategy in IBS. This is necessary because patients with IBS exhibit a wide spectrum of symptoms of varying frequencies and degrees of severity. There is no one ideal treatment for IBS, and the newer medications may work best for only a subset of patients having this disorder. Therefore, the clinician must first apply certain general management approaches and, following this, treatment choices will depend on the nature (i.e., predominant diarrhea, constipation, or bloating, etc.) and severity (mild, moderate, severe) of the symptoms. The symptoms of IBS may have any of several underlying causes. These can include: (a) abnormal motility (uncoordinated or excessive contractions that can lead to diarrhea, constipation, bloating) (b) visceral hypersensitivity (lower pain threshold of the nerves that can produce abdominal discomfort or pain) resulting from the abnormal motility, stress or infection (c) dysfunction of the brain's ability to regulate these visceral (intestinal) activities. Treatments will vary depending on which of these possibilities are occurring. In general, milder symptoms relate primarily to abnormal motility, often in response to food, activity or stress, and/or visceral hypersensitivity. They are commonly treated symptomatically with pharmacological agents directed at the gut. However, more severe symptoms often relate to dysfunction of the brain-gut regulatory system with associated psychosocial effects, and psychological or behavioral treatments and antidepressants are frequently helpful.
  • Gastroparesis: 2014

    Gastroparesis: 2014

    GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY AND FUNCTIONAL BOWEL DISORDERS, SERIES #1 Richard W. McCallum, MD, FACP, FRACP (Aust), FACG Status of Pharmacologic Management of Gastroparesis: 2014 Richard W. McCallum Joseph Sunny, Jr. Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction of the gastric outlet or small intestine. The main etiologies are diabetes, idiopathic and post- gastric and esophageal surgical settings. The management of gastroparesis is challenging due to a limited number of medications and patients often have symptoms, which are refractory to available medications. This article reviews current treatment options for gastroparesis including adverse events and limitations as well as future directions in pharmacologic research. INTRODUCTION astroparesis is a syndrome characterized by documented gastroparesis are increasing.2 Physicians delayed emptying of gastric contents without have both medical and surgical approaches for these Gmechanical obstruction of the stomach, pylorus or patients (See Figure 1). Medical therapy includes both small bowel. Patients can present with nausea, vomiting, prokinetics and antiemetics (See Table 1 and Table 2). postprandial fullness, early satiety, pressure, fullness The gastroparesis population will grow as diabetes and abdominal distension. In addition, abdominal pain increases and new therapies will be required. What located in the epigastrium, and distinguished from the do we know about the size of the gastroparetic term discomfort, is increasingly being recognized population? According to a study from the Mayo Clinic as an important symptom. The main etiologies of group surveying Olmsted County in Minnesota, the gastroparesis are diabetes, idiopathic, and post gastric risk of gastroparesis in Type 1 diabetes mellitus was and esophageal surgeries.1 Hospitalizations from significantly greater than for Type 2.
  • A Four-Country Comparison of Healthcare Systems, Implementation

    A Four-Country Comparison of Healthcare Systems, Implementation

    Neurogastroenterology & Motility Neurogastroenterol Motil (2014) 26, 1368–1385 doi: 10.1111/nmo.12402 REVIEW ARTICLE A four-country comparison of healthcare systems, implementation of diagnostic criteria, and treatment availability for functional gastrointestinal disorders A report of the Rome Foundation Working Team on cross-cultural, multinational research M. SCHMULSON,* E. CORAZZIARI,† U. C. GHOSHAL,‡ S.-J. MYUNG,§ C. D. GERSON,¶ E. M. M. QUIGLEY,** K.-A. GWEE†† & A. D. SPERBER‡‡ *Laboratorio de Hıgado, Pancreas y Motilidad (HIPAM)-Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). Hospital General de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico †Gastroenterologia A, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy ‡Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, India §Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea ¶Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA **Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA ††Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ‡‡Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel Key Messages • This report identified seven key issues related to healthcare provision that may impact how patients with FGIDs are investigated, diagnosed and managed. • Variations in healthcare provision around the world in patients with FGIDs have not been reviewed. • We compared four countries that are geographically and culturally diverse, and exhibit differences in the healthcare coverage provided to their population: Italy, South Korea, India and Mexico. • Since there is a paucity of publications relating to the issues covered in this report, some of the findings are based on the authors’ personal perspectives, press reports and other published sources.