SEMPER FLOREAT WA news/magazne of the union VOLUME 44/16 queensland university st ludg 4067

In this, the final issue of Sempier Floreat for 1974, we examine the growth and changing nature (some would say 'decline') of the Movement of the Left at this University; and seek to understand what kind of political future we face on a'National and World scale. The Vietnam War is by no means finished, and both America and Australia continue in their support for the corrupt Saigon Regime, in violation of the Paris Peace Agreements of 1973. The University Master Plan continues to astound with its unimaginative and dangerous ideas of multi-level car parking to be implemented by 1984 (?). PAGE 2 WOMEN, WATCHES AND SEXISM THE PRESIDENTS THOUGHTS

OF WOMEN AND WATCHES

(WPV ti*i^ «rMW

MMIMAUI •uaa«i> 1975 could be the year this Union «kf v«nii b* # ».«.M (pi^ n. takes a great leqp forward. Mych has been achieved by the 1974 Union, things V%Mn.Jbd(kl • •Hi that had to be done before we could Mmm II iin get anywhere in 1975. So this being ach­ liki WoMi hn iMfeial pnk>ai.irM^ ieved we have big things to get cracking dMf>M| onto. Sakii Cirit It i*« tei. *Mi It I One thing that makes a Union succes­ |n4 InlMMIiktMtj, tVLt^PHt^tltMi* sful is the involvement of its members nkafiMdlMkiiaB, Mtll^MuwviTltin IMrMftiMiMhik ••MH.lOKOt in getting things done. The Union al­ AmlWu.HivaHH'i 1 vwU *HM wki or Ifct

i fliB lo**.. Tbe activities director (next year Heat­ FUCK OFF, THIEF! Department (The Nuclear Reactor, from her Ross) always needs a big team of A to Z), also compulsory, and one in workers organizing, publicizing, schem­ So the last issue of the Administrative Music (Pencils and fHiing Cabinets). ing, plotting and manipulating to sth newspaper. University Screws, finally Professor McKay of Civil Engineer­ up activities on this campus. Semper broke through its reportage into opinion­ ing is rumoured to have recently com­ Roreat editor (next year Jan Turner- ated feature writing. "Mindful that 1975 pleted a course at the Campus Kinder­ Jones) needs all sorts of people to do is International Women's Year" they've garten entitled "Creative Classifications". all sorts of work on Semper. As well decided to initiate a "hard-hitting" fea­ as Journalists, columnists, reviewers, ture column devoted to the "fairer sex" photographers, artists she also needs by which Rhinoceros presumes is meant people to do layout, distribution and the masculine. a thousand other surprising jobs. So, When University Screws rates "park- ^ you can see the Union needs plenty of ing, security, salaries and public lectures" willing workers if we are to get done at a higher level than those concerning the various jobs that need to be done the fairer sex, and when it relegates if any sort of community is to be pro­ Professors to a category of no sexual des­ moted on campus. cription, and when it breaks the Restric­ Much of the work the Union does do tive Trade Practitioner's (Rooted, Totally is done by committees which make re­ and Permanently) Legislation by retouc­ commendations to council. Some of hing and illegitimizing a trade advertise­ these committees have been elected by ment, the contempt it deserves defies council and some will be elected by description. council in December. The most import­ The high school humour with which ant ones: Finance Advisory, Theatre this article is pervaded does no credit.to" and House Committees will be elected the paper, nor to the Women's issues it by students early in 1975. All these com­ purports to misrepresent. As if 'liberation' mittees have vacancies from time to can be metrically scaled! Not only is this Between 1.30 and'2.00 p.m. on Thursday time and new people have the opportun­ an example of elitist, hierarchial thinking, 17th October, during the Alan Fowler de­ ity to get involved all the time. As well but even if it could be scaled, it would bate in the Refectory, a font cabniet con­ all committees welcome people without certainly not be metric, as any sexless taining 11 fonts (photo above) in use on votes on the committee to come along Maths Professor could testicle. the IBM Selectric Composer leased by and help them get the work done. These Examing the scale one observes that 'Semper Floreat' was stolen from Semper READER'S FORM 1975 committee meetings and any committee between "aware" and "sisterhood" lies office. This delayed the present issue un­ vacancies are always advertised on the notice board in the Union building. the ludicrous epithet "trendy". Quite a • til new fonts (worth S28 each) could be Name..>«*« • »M««**4« ••••••«*< »•«•• M »••»••• M M »•••***«*•• MM I Ml«I scale of values; Rhinoceros, being a fe­ purchased. As well in 1975, we will be having male, could biit rate 1 on this abomin­ If any member of the Union who has Signature.^ many lunch time meetings in the refec able measure; 1, of course, being "con­ seen such a cabinet, please contact the so general meetings of students can ad­ servative". Rhinoceros' judgement is University Safety ahd Security Officer, Oi^nization/AddressM,M M ••*•«««•• M **M •• M vise council on policy. There will also be that the article itself may be described Tony Franks on extension 6828. meetings at the same time at Herston, as the example of "blatant sexism". Police believe the thief is the same Turbot Street and over the Vet and Ag who was responsible for the theft of Science side of campus. I can envisage an IBM Selectric Composer from Semper meetmgs to discuss the implementation Offices late last year. ofthe Radio Station, Union finances, the future of the refec and services and pub­ lic transport action. However as other is­ LITERARY CIVILITY sues come up next year we will surely have many more public meetings. In this A familiar list of individuals, mused way students can take an active interest Rhinoceros, as she supped upon crepe in the running of the Union. swaddled in French Posters: Solzhenitsyn, Hemmingway, S^ott Fitzgerald, Penn In conclusion, the key words in 1975 Warren, Miller, Pinter, and Snow. will be communication and involvement. A familiar list, indeed. While Arts These are vital to build a cohesive com­ students are drowning in vast volumes munity on campus. Remember, if you of literary good-health. Civil Engineer­ have any excess energy and enthusiasm ing students in 1975 face the introduct­ come down to the Union and get involv­ ion of a new, compulsory course, known ed. At least, come down and let us know as E2312, worth 10 credit points. you're interested. 'Even over the vacation there is plenty of work to be done: Orien­ It's called "BOOATS". tation is being organized and activities are While some particularly nasty and being planned for next year. Get actwe cynical aging and professional students get involved and take an interest in your regarded (his as a comfortably humour­ Union. Your Union consists only of the ous matter, Rhinoceros was informed interest and involvement of its members. by the Vice-Chancellor itself, that it parallels a course in both the Classics l-'earlcss Union Reporter, Chris English, busy. Brian Towler

UNION STAFF 1974 If anything, the Fowler Affair brought clearly home to students the existence of the full-time permanent staff-members of this Union, While Semper Floreat was unable to arrange for photographs of the Cleaning and Refectory • Staff, we were able lo procure these candid shots of both Finance Office and Union Office Staff. These employees .of the Union have worked hard this year for students, and it is not too freq­ uently that their efforts are recog­ nized.

On behalf of the members of the Union. Semper MJ-J 'Thanks." On the left, Finance Office Staff: Roslyn Korn, Dale Martin CJ), Norma Garrow, Jan Daniclctloand Alf Pure. Absent: Barbara Mcikkjohn. On the righl, Union Office Staff: PauleUc Ucrney, Kay l-dwards, Ruth Barren, Kay Winclieslcr, Robyn Kemp, and MargarclToolc. Al the front: Chris Doyle and Meredith Gresltam. Absent: Kerry Marrone. All photos read from left to right. STATUS OF WOMEN REPORT structures of society, that the worid in ity to recognize that the role of mother fact passes most women by. Leaving should not be belittled or downgraded, The Status of Women Report, hailed aside the obvious question, "who in the the importance of the role of the 'full- as the harbinger of a new period of equ­ community docs make the decisions? time mother' ", can't be stressed too aUty for women in Queensland, is exact­ Which people and groups make up the much, "children of all ages benefit great­ ly the sort of document one could expect decision making structures", they then ly by having mother accessible at home", from a committee of worthy citizens go on to say (regarding the source of mothers should "devote themselves to commissioned by the Bjelke-Petersen the oppression of women) "The basic fulltime mothering of young children to government. This committee, made up issue is not simply money or income, serve the best interests of the community'.' of four conservative people has produced but fhe question whether women will And so on with much emphasis being a report which is noteworthy for its ster­ be able to develop fully (heir ability to placed on benefits to children and the ile legalistic approach (three commission­ serve the community". One would have interests of the community. You will ers Were members of the legal structure thought that the Commissioners might search in vain for any consideration of of this state) and its extraordinary lack have woken up to the fact that the only anything which will benefit women, of analysis into the position of women in role women can play in our society, is which will serve the interests of women. our present society. a serving role. Women serve the econ­ The basic oppression of women is foun­ Perhaps the most iniquitious aspect of omy in that their labour is exploited ded on their sexual role as reproducers, the Report is that it displays a complete (to a greater degree than men); they but does the Commission realize that? lack of understanding of the social reality serve males and children in the family, No, indeed, as far as they are concerned, of women. According to the Commission­ they serve popular culture as sex-objects women must be fulltime mothers, or not ers, sexism, oppression and inequaUty are - the list is endless. Just look at the mothers at all. Surely, the great outburst not part of how we all live our lives, of Camel ad on T.V. of Women's liberation over the last de­ how our social relations are structured. 77je commissioners in their section cade has stemmed from women's struggle These aren 't attitudes rooted in thousands on the family, reduce the entire inquiry to be independent, creative human bemgs of years of oppression, of economic relat­ to a mockery. At first attcmptuig to wives and mothers too, if they so desire. ionships, the role of women in the family dodge the issue of the social conditioning Women demand these choices and refuse etc. Oh no! They're just hangovers from of women to accept the stunting of their to accept any longer that the choices be the past Oust like kerosine lanterns), humanity, into the roles of wives and mutually exclusive. quaint, archaic and out of place in our mothers, and wives and mothers only, The Commission recommends the es­ democratic, progressive society, in those they say "this is an area for consider­ tablishment of a Council of Queensland few places where they crop up. And when able debate which will not be resolved Women, to act as an advisory body to they do crop up (e.g. equal pay, juries, in 1974". Then they go on to point the govemment. It is seen as an interim public boards, legal status and so on), then out the prime importance of the fam­ measure designed to bring women into all that is needed is a little amendment to ily to each individual, and the fact that the mainstream of the community, but an act of Parliament here and there, and separation of mother from child for most amazing of all, is the fact that it all will be well. over seven hours daily is harmful to the is recommended that it be established Tlie Commissioners in their first chap­ child. In other words, the place of a wom­ on a regional basis (therefore rurally ter, inadvertently reveal their own attit­ an is at home in the family. While say­ biased) and heaven help us, members udes and preconceptions about the role ing that motherhood "should not be are to be nominated by members of Par­ of women. They accept that women do regarded as the essential role for women" Uament, members of the male. Liberal not take part in the decision-making they go on to say "it is for the commun- National Party Queensland pariiament! Who needs that sort of Council of Queen­ sland Women? Another glaring gap in the report is the section on abortion, which the com­ missioners accept "with some reluctance" affects the status of women. To confuse the issue, and therefore to avoid having to take any stand, they discuss compara­ tive acts in other states and wonder what the wording of Section 282 of the Crim­ inal Code means. They finaUy think it means that women can have therapeutic abortions in Queensland, though a cynic might wonder at the existence of the interstate abortion traffic. Of course, the notion of abortion on demand is pretty far off in Queensland. To make up for this opting out, the Commission recommends voluntary sterilization for adults, and contraception advertising . and information albeit under the con­ trol of a Family Life Education CouncU. Naturally, sexuality only occurs within Family life, in Quecnsland anyhow!! The commission makes fascinating reading. Take this classic. They say (re conjugal rape): "Those who object to any amendment of the law m this area base their objection on the belief that if it were the law that a man could be wmmi guilty of raping his wife, there would i be a very substantial increase in the |t.b|i m mmn number of complaints of rape and there m tmm would be a great increase of the bitter­ ness sometimes arising from matrimon­ ial disputes". The message is clear - all aspects of sexual confiict and social discord must be smothered. Tills report is an absolute cop-out. There is not one aspect of the situation of women which is squarely faced. No doubt this is related to the nature of •>^ the majority of submissions made and also to the extremely narrow terms of reference. However, given even those mj\ restrictions, the fact remains that the Commissioners think that the oppres- .sion of women will be alleviated by legal­ istic measures. They cannot even under­ stand the basic fact that some men hold their status through their relationship with a man. A women never IS, she is wife, mother, fiancee, sister, girlfriend, fuck....or ex-wife, ex-gu-lfriend, ex-fuck etc. Thus, according to this repor(, the lot of women can change, even if her role in the family does not. What rot! Our roving reporter caught attractive brunette accounts clerk, Peter Sleigh, The family must change,and society must 23, relaxing in the.spring sunshine at Burleigh Heads. Peter comes from change,and bring the liberation of women. Toowoiig and besides sunbathing, he lilces water skiing, drinking and Rugby PADDY McCX)RRY PAGE 4 HUMAN GAVE US BOWELS ^ - FOR THIS'

Acting on behalf of Campus Camp, normal" I recently carried out a survey of our -K. Wright (A.L.P. Rockhanpton), beloved State Parliamentarian's who was nevertheless in favour of attitudes to Homosexual Law Reform. reform. Nothing so radical as repeal (as dis­ Gems of wisdom from those tinct from reform) of anti-homosexual survey replies opposed to reform laws was mentioned • the survey was included: In the Cily Square during Gay Pride Week. Centre: Colin Briton. mild mannered and fairly low key. A "unnecessary" polite, explanatory letter and a short, "do not believe init" simple questionnaire was sent to all • Vi. Bousen (A.L.P.Too'woomba North) eight-two members of the Queensland "Rather than 'legalising'homo­ Legislative Assembly on the 7th August sexual acts I believe we should 1974. After five weeks and only ten encourage homosexuals to seek replies, a reminder notice was sent treatment" nut. After a further three weeks and - G. Alison (Lib Marybouough) .i].0 Ov^=-^^^. eleven more replies, a second and Obviously in agreement is final reminder notice was sent out. V.J. Bird (N.P. Burdekin): Five more responded, giving a grand "/ believe there would be a total of twenty-six who bothered to greater advantage in studying reply • thats almost thirty- two per­ the possibilities of assisting cent. homosexuals with psychiatric ... CC-tOl.C.:, X^/ The results of my survey indicate treatment" Vl-lsU a neck to neck contest. Eleven were Now if you think this is anti- in favour of reform, eleven against homosexual, take careful note of and four non-committed. Only ten the following: members commented on the question "I am fully aware that God gave of age of consent; six favoured 18 us bowels but not for this purpose. years and four favoured 21 years. Otherwise we would only have all Just how representative of the whole men or all women." Legislative Assembly these results - J. Houghton (N.P. Redcliffe) are,is impossible to say. Apart from his difficulties with By Party analysis, eight of the logic, Houghton's imaginative powers respondents'were members of the make the mind boggle. A.L.P.;six Lib.; five N.P.; one "/ consider it a filthy habit, irres­ N.Q.L.P (alais Tom Aikens) and pective ofthe age ofthe consenting six were anonymous. Furthermore, perverts". the A.L.P. scored six in favour, Question: three against and three non-commital; Do you support Homosexual Law the N.P. had one in favour, three Reform along lines other than the against and one non-committal; Gorton-Cass motion?" the N.Q.L.P. (Tom' AUUniversity of Queensland this point onward, the poofter> ST. LUCIA OUR STAFF ARE SPECIALISTS WITH MANY basher streak in our "peoples Telephone - - - 701509 representatives" becomes more and ' (Inicroal 6HK2) "I'm a taxpayer! YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN ELECTROLYSIS- PROMPT PRESCRIPTION SERVICE more overt. f've already been robbffdl' • • CALL IN FOR A "FREE" CONSULTATION. "I view homosexual relationsliips AGENT FOR COSMKTICS riiRFUMl-S as abnormal and hot to be Kcvlon Faberge • DISCOUNT TO PENSIONERS & SEVERE CASES. 'encouraged'by society. ('yclu\ Dana. • OPEN TILL 9.00 pm, FRIDAY NIGHTS. , "Homosexual acts are totally in Sicinvr Lanvin DISTRIBUTORSHIPS conflict with Ihe teachings of M:i\r:u't<>r Lancome Part-Time or Full Time LOCATION. JESUS CHRIST and it would be PHOTO FINISHING NO EXPERIENCE NECESSARY belter to bring those involved to 24 Hour Black and While . ut FLOOR, 217 ALBERT STREET, FOR INTERVIEW", a personal knowledge of his teach­ Prompt Colour Service. (next to MIMI DEPT. STORE} PHONE 363691 TO 7:30 PM. ings than to condone them as FOR APPOINTMENTS TELEPHONE. 291611* Ext. 16 PAGE 5 TOWARDS A BETTER UNDER­ exercised by student radicals and pro­ fessed to despise when they have seen it. STANDING OF ALAN FOWLER Ironically, the Staff stop-work saw clean­ ETAL. ers handing out pamphlets even though for years the very same cleaners have During the weeks immediately pre­ FOWLER condemned students who did so. Perhaps ceding the Staff stop-work on 16th Oct­ the final truth evidenced by this bony ober isuch a conformity of opinion deve­ was that the handing out of pamphlets loped between Union Councillors and was not so much the expression of free­ Staff concernmg the manifold wicked­ dom that staff might subconciously ness of the Treasurer-elect that any have imagined it to be but rather an ex­ "holy thing" then offered in his defence pression of powerlessness, of the loss of would certainly have been torn to pie­ The controversy freedom entailed in the need to establish ces. Now however, it is almost a month over Alan Fowler's and communicate a false unity. The ana­ since we were so passionately urged to rchical implications of (his truth would notice the "beam" in Alan Fowler's election to Union not have been understood by the Staff eye: it may now be profitable to see Treasurer in the recent and it is extremely doubtful whether this beam as a splinter - to begin to elections is unlikely to most of us will see these implications dig up (he much more unsightly block terminate for some time. very vividly for long. of which this splinter is a part. Following a report in the It may seem peculiar to many stud­ Lena Gustavson. ents that Alan Fowler's "evil" person­ previous issue of the strike ality was first brought to their attent­ by staff, Semper received the ion after, not before, his election. For following article on these events reasons best known to themselves IJnion Councillors and senior staff discussed DcarSir, the possibility of a protest strike should theb self-respect they seek to justify their i must congratulate the Union with the he be elected but preferred to berate work as essential for the maintenance of election of its competent Treasurer. Alan Fowler's running for office by scoffing FOWLER has shown great interest in the society. They exonerate students who go welfare of all Union affairs. His motivat- about it offstage. Fowler's convincing on to "better" themselves, to assume the electoral victory put paid to the short­ ions are clean, non-political, non-selfish. well-paid, high status jobs which by their He has the longstanding, impressive record lived "efficacy" of their snide campaign very existence necessitate the continuance of some eight years ambitious participation however, and those who saw themselves of their oppression. Thus students who in many Union activities, worthy of great most threatened by his independent act­ reject the "good" jobs society offers respect and gratitude. With his strong drive ivism were forced to turn their private them because they realise the connec­ determination and perscverence he has dem­ sniggers into pious rhetoric for public tion between these jobs and the jobs of onstrated to be a thorough, sound and rel­ consumption. It was at this stage that we thousands of shit workers are in turn iable researcher, particularly in matters of were asked to believe that Fowler's finance. I admire his courage to take a rejected by Staff because they are seen stand even at tlic expense of his own pop­ "contemptuous" personaUty was the as turning their backs on the very things ularity! real bone of contention; that although 'that they have laboured so long and he persistently raised questions and pro­ It is also true Uiat these same features, sacrificed so much to provide. Such stud­ desirable as (hey arc, have led to extreme posed changes these were not as signifi­ ents are'the "loafers", the "shirkers", applications. He tends fo interpret the cant a factor. the ones who rehiind the workers all too ILXW a little too liberally. At times he is painfully of the wretchedness of their stubborn, meticulous and fanatic, thus // is true that Fowler's sometimes ab- losing sight of social 'resonance'. He may raisive, officious manner niude his critic­ position; they are the ones who threaten to remove the last justification for Staff be tactless, unwise or undiplomatic because isms more discomforting, more humili- he is too honest. Inevitably clashes occur ting for those who were identified, of­ self-respect by showing the worthlessness with the 'Laisscz - fair' type. of most of the material possessions that ten unfairiy, with past policies. But it is Is anybody aware of the extent to which equally true that Fowler's opinionated their hared-earned dollars buy. the Union and its members arc responsible arrogance was not intended maliciously. Insofar as Alan Fowler could be ob­ for provoking these attitudes? Much of his His predilection for "interfering" was not served to rock the boat, Staff irrationally so-called unpleasantness is precipitated and a sign of his coldness or lack of integrity. identified him with the image of the radi­ continuously reinforced by the System plus. His manner was a direct concomitant of The frustrations and victimizations cal they most despise. Without hesitation (whetiier 'earned' or not) he had to digest his zeal, of his unashamed confidence in Staff members who knew next to noth­ would drive anybody mad. his own idealism - the "correctness" of ing about Alan Fowler were convinced Let it be known tlial as a Humanist I his point of view. It may be interesting that he was a ratbag. Echoing their boss's cannol accept people being not-loleratcd to reflect on this point that zealous men opinion. Staff members derived a seldom- by virtue of their individualistic traits! of the nature of a John Foster Dulles or felt sense of comradeship with their fel­ Should, in future, any personality clash Johannes Bjelke-Peterson have earnestly low work-mates. It didn't matter for the arise, 1 am prepared to take the delicate and sown discord between men and theu fat­ moment that they knew deep in their difncult task upon me of mediating in sucli hers with every good intention in the hearts that the frustrations of an ordin­ dispute. I appeal to all councillors and world!! members of staff to put aside their pre/'ut/- ary day's work would shatter this com­ ices and accept Mr. FOWLER on his own lighted by the Tuesday forum which pre­ radeship like glass. Clearly to call A lan Fowler zealous, ceded the Staff stop-work. Though they merits, which are promising to say tltc least. is not to make it easier to praise him. On talked at length about the difficult and The Staff stop-work gave Staff mem­ FAIR CO. .. „ the contrary, it makes us more wary of unwelcome situation in which they found bers an excellent opportunity to express Max Potters. underestimating the extent to which his themselves Staff and Councillors were ob­ the freedom that they have seen to be Councillor, Humanist lack of personal finesse has been essential viously deriving a great deal of unarticul- in causing disruption of the Student's ated satisfaction from the dispute. Their Union and bringing about the unique op­ unnatural alhance which so facilitated portunity afforded hiin by the meeting the calling of a "strike" without loss of in the refectory on the day following the pay also generated some exceedingly un­ strike to successfully air his case. The natural back scratching. Staff were more main advantage to be derived from the than pleased to hear Councillors lauding recognition of Fowler's zealousness is the them for their loyalty, hardwork and ensuing avoidance of the naive propensity "service without reproach". Councillors that has existed for so long in the thought on the other hand were heartened to be patterns of our culture whereby reality is able to announce that they were suppor­ interpreted in accordance with a stark, ted by someone in something - even if good-evil dichotomy. Alan Fowler is no only by the staff and on an issue which more devilish than his bitter opponents. was little more than an inglorious power . Indeed, when all is said and done, their struggle as much of their own making as self-styled role as champions of justice they preferred to insist it primarily con­ and light is just as unenviable as the role cemed the Staff. Student Councillors they created for Fowler. exploited the anti-Fowler campaign to The unsavoury predicament of both self-righteously condemn the apathetic Student Councillors and Staff was high- student masses and thereby justify their own unrewarded, too often, unrecognis­ ed labours. Both Staff and Councillors saw themselves in need of recognition for the performance of thankless tasks. They grasped the Fowler affair as a means to gain this recognition, if only in fleet­ ing form. The deep-seated yearning of members of Staff for recognition was perhaps the most impalpable and least appreciated motivation behind the Fowler affair. To the extent that members of Staff have very largely realised their futures within society" they are continually facing what. they have "made" of their lives. Their daily work confronts them as a prison. They realise that they are on a treadmill which they can't get off. They see them­ selves in a very different situation from the youthful students who everywhere surround them. They see themselves sub­ jugated to the routine of work and the responsibility to family and they bitter­ ly regret alternatives that might have been. Hatred of their work breeds resent­ ment and hatred of students - the "blud­ gers" who don't work as they do. From their internalisation of society's oppression, their acceptance of society's disdain for their lower paid, less worthy jobs, springs self-oppression. Staff mem­ bers masochistically punish themselves for their "failed" lives by coercing each other to conform to a common set of val­ ues and attitudes. In an attempt to salvage PAGE 6 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

UNIVERSITY OF QUSENSUANO C/- IHE LAW FACUUrv OFFICE UNIVEFISITY OF QUEENSLAND UW SOCIETY ST. LUCIA. OLO XC67 BRISBANE

31flt OctoJisr, 1974. STUDENTS AND FRIENDS alties of only $3,227,200 but the value of this output was $400,000,000 - DISCRI.MINATIO.^ It; F:'.; riatter has bean oiu ij' uocumenttic and tne l..u.i<.S>. This means that 20% of the votes won wiij. consi::fcr ^i.ethor it may Ld hccesoar'y co i.i3cituta • 26 seals when 48% of votes won only 33 c4,

Ram keeps falling Darkness wanders the silent streets Nothing moves dr makes a sound And silhouetted in the light Of the gas lamp A man in a cloak is standing. i'm more than just two boobs Your eyes refuse to take bim in UI a bra, Yet you know he's really there a fanny in the dark, Girl And you dread the sound two legs in the skies, you don't know me Of your own footsteps blond hair or blue eyes, yet I know you AS you maKe your way lo """• CORRECTION a foot in a shoe I've known you in a i'm more than hundred dreams and And the ram beats down it is not true a screw - watched you from a thousand miles On the lonely town that my poems i need some love for you are the colours Your eyes are misted and wet. are all and some care of my life about me and i wonder just where you are my hopes, my wishes, Tlten you cry out a name it is. my dreams of yesterday And he doesn't hear on the contrary Girl, you are the flame And the rain.... i am you have the feelings of my existence the And footsteps all about of concrete, eternal flame that brightens the Crowd your brain my poems you're so heartless darkness in my soul and Then he turns around to love,so warms my heart when You see his face . Manfred Jui;gensen why do we meet? winds are cold, And your eyes are lowered in shame. Lynden Thomas every prayer I pray for you .... girl don't walk away Rain keeps falling The tuture is a blank for without you Keeps falluig my sunsets would have no Darkness wanders the silent streets Like a piece of empty blotting paper it attracts an inky thought. colour Nothing moves or makes a sound and my nights would have no Aiid silhouetted in the light Spreads its skeletal fingers across my mind. The orange T • shirt stars Of the gas lamp Something will happen tomorrow. limply You are the fruit of my life and You stand alone A large blue dot is forming- sprawls in the sun, I will bathe in the Juice of Clutching a cloak to keep out the cold menacing the blissful vacancy two important pegs your love for Waiting for the footsteps you long to hear with the horror of , topping its wet eternity. Waiting for someone to come. predictability. humiliation Glynis Cohen 23/7/74 R. Diefenbach B.Michel Linda Heron. PAGES

Factually, students are only just be­ arc unfamiliar with such an approach and coming aware of the potential of this lack basic groundwork knowledge at the Department, the largest in Australia, beginning of the course, it fails. The sol­ and one with intensive research mate­ ution would be more interrelated courses. GERMAN rial at its fingertips. Of 550 students with­ Motions dealing with structure of courses in the Department, fifteen (mostly hon­ are less likely to succeed, since they pro­ ours students) attended a 'Gripes' meet­ pose changing the Department's basic ing on Thursday 31st October. Gripes working philosophy. is a misleading term - constructive mot­ Another factor impeding wide-rang-' DEPT ing changes in the department is the ions were unanimously passed for refer­ ence to thp- consultative committee meet­ clear-cut division between staff and stud­ ing to be held on Thursday, 14th Nov­ ents, and the department's paternalistic ember. attitude towards students (admittedly, These motions suggested the majority expect it). Any change will ON also involve a clash of personalities, and 1) more emphasis on conversation within language courses; put strain on individual staff relation­ 2) a seminar-workshop approach in ships. Existing University Statutes and smaller literature courses; regulations (with unwritten codes) may 3) more choice in fourth-year hon­ be occasionally utilised to the detriment THE MOV of certain members of staff. Students ours course - viz. possibly expanding the course to include an intensive study advocating change could stumble upon a complex network of human and priv­ "Whoever wants to help must do it now of additional twentieth century literature as an alternative to studying fifteenth ate power relations; often, for fear of and not wait for tbe perfect moment aisal. It's not enough motivation for a "meddling" and gaining the reputation when conditions, both here and else­ student to express some vague desire to and sixteenth century Baroque lyrics and literature; of "stirring", they keep silent. It's fair . where will have changed fundamentally go to Germany, to be able to speak the to say the fault lies equally with people anyway, ffunger cannot wait". language should he ever come into dxr-. 4) that the department consider reduc­ who impose this structure and those who Gunter Grass ect contact with German people, to stu­ ing the content of medieval German lang­ are subject to it, but why do these con­ German Novelist. dy great German thinkers and literary uage and literature in honours courses, ditions continue? Both staff and stud­ figures in their own tongue, to possess even aboUsh it altogether (such courses ents could be accused of intellectual A number of students in the German vague concepts of aesthetic beauty of are no longer available in German Univer­ laziness and apathy, of personal petti­ department are searching for means to spoken German prose and pjctry, im­ sities); ness and self-interest, of being old-fash­ relate (he nature of studying and methods portant as these are. The student needs 5) that type-written notes for History ioned in their academic approach. of teaching German to our contemporary to see his/her study in terms of living of German Civilfzation courses should not life. human meaning and literature, stretch­ be used as the only lecture material, but A perfect moment for change never The position of the German language ing beyond detailed grammar and spok­ that major points of interest to students comes — the process is slow and pain­ has fluctuated with changes of balance en conversation, isolated studies of phil­ be elaborated. ful. If the German Department wants of power within the world. It's inevitable osophers, poets and history. We are so The motions dealingwith the nature to waylay the disillusionment that a num­ that less importance is attached to Euro­ many miles distant, we need an integra­ of the courses will probably succeed, ber of students feel with these conditions pean languages, that English is replacing ted approach, achieved only be inter­ even though their implementation may at present, it needs to inject new impul­ German as an international scientific relationship of courses, even mtcr-dis- be fraught with difficulty. For instance, ses, fresh approaches and perhaps more and diplomatic language, that Asian lan­ ciplinary courses such as the proposed a seminar-workshop approach in smaller dynamic people into its present stmcture. guages are, so to speak, "fashionable." Intellectual Tradition of Germany cou­ literary courses depends for its success Consequently, the concept of study­ rse, and an active engagement between entirely on the temperament of lectur­ ing the German language needs reappr­ staff and students. ers, tutors and students alike. If students Frances Todd.'

(c) Activities Officer (d) publicity Officer House Committee MASKED BALL (a) One (1) member of the Union for a term of two years. Two o'clock on a weekday mornuig, (b) Two (2) members of the Union for a term one other car on the road: an approaching reflection of one year. in Alice's mirror of my own wandering solitude,. Theatre Advisory Committee or a retreating Echo of my presence. (a) Giairman Excessive street lighting jealously protects my loneliness from assault. (b) Three (3) members, at least one (1) of whom sliall be a voting member of Council and one Rubbish bins huddle and slouch: (1) of whom sliall be appointed for a term of crowding cuckoo-mouths of decay and hunger, two years. amongst this autumn-fall of newspaper-leaves. Finance Advisory Committee Ordered milk bottles wait with military precision. (a) Five (5) members, of whom three (3) shall be voting members of Council. At the ball we danced and played games, flirted and affirmed, kissed fleetingly in bravado Gubs and Societies Committee NOTICE OF MEETINGS (a) Chairman and lingeringly in waltzes; (b) I'lnancc Officer won balloons and lost our hearts, NOTICE is hereby given tliat the ANNUAL (c) Five (5) other members of Ihe Union. drank, sang, laughed, wore streamers and swore MliETING of the 63rd Council of the Uni­ versity of Queensland Unioii will be held A.U.S. Committee that next year we'd come agam to this affair. In the J.D. Story Council Chamber on Sat­ (a) Three (3) members of Council urday, 23rd November, 1974 commencing (b) Five (5) local A.U.S. Officers We discarded our masks early that we might recognize each other, at 11.30 a.m. (i) Assistant Secretary but did not put aside our faces, so we could truly be known. (ii) Services Officer NOTICE is licreby given diat the 1 ST ORDI­ (iii) International Officer NARY MEETING of the 64th Council of (iv) Welfare Officer the University of Quccn.sland Union will be (v) Environment Officer Ross Clark held in the J.D. Story Council Chamber on Thursday, Sth December, 1974 commencing Non-Voting Positrons: 5/9 & 6/10/74 at 6.30 p.m. (a) Electoral Officer (b) Galmahra Editor Mari Anna Shaw, (c) Distribution Officer of Student News­ Union Secretaiy. papers (d) Public Rights Committee, one (1) THE FOLLOWING VOTING POSITIONS member ON THE 64TH COUNCIL ARE VACANT. (c) Union Cocktail Party Convenor NOMINATIONS OPEN ON TUESDAY STH (0 Union Dinner convenor NOVEMBER AND CLOSE ON TUESDAY, 26T1I NOVEMBER. 1974. STUDENT REPRESENTATIVES ON FAC­ ULTY BOARDS Chairman of Council Cluirman of House Committee 1. Architecture Faculty- (1) Full-time Education Faculty Repres­ Two (2) undergraduate Archhccturc Stud­ entative ent Representatives (2) Part-time Education Faculty Rcprcs- One (I) undergraduate Town and Regional cntstivcs planning Student Representative NOMINATION FORMS arc avalbble al Union Office and should be lodged with the Unk>n 2. Commerce and Economics Faculty - Seaetary before S.00 p.m. on Tuesday, 26th Two (2) undcrgiaduatc Student Represcn- November, 1974. talive.<> NOMINATIONS ARE CALLED FOR THE 3. Education Faculty - FOLLOWING NON-VOTING POSITIONS ON One (1) student representative in the De­ 64TH COUNCIL to be appointed at the FIRST partment of Education ORDINARY MEETING of the 64th CouncU One (I) student representative in the De­ on Thursday, Sth December, 1974. partment of Physical Education "//, as you say, Ihe jree-enterprise profits system makes you tvant to throiv up, there may not STANDING COMMITTEES: 4. Science Faculty - Legal Standing Committee ['our (4) representatives of Undergraduate be a great deal the placement office can do (a) autrman Science (not Pharmacy) for you." (b) Five (5) members of the Union, two (2) of whom shall be Law Students. 5. Arts Faculty - Six (6) undergraduate Arts students re­ Education Committee presentatives (a) Five (5) nwmbcrsof the Union Tlirec (3) Post-graduate Arts students re­ presentatives \J^ Women's Rights Committee i^^iA/£ej>t£S (a) Qiairperson 6. Board of Asian Studies /b=^| (b) One (1) voting member of Council Two (2) undergraduate or post-graduate II t-. (c) Six (6) other members of the Union, pro­ students, a major part of whose work vided that two-thirds of Ihc whole number is in the field of Asian studtes. ^0=?^k'Sf ^' of members of tlic Standing Committee shall be female. NOMINATIONS should be lodged with the Union Seaetary before 5.00 p.m. on Wed­ ^^y Hospital Areas Committee nesday, 4th December, 1974. (a) Finance Officer ^&~Y^^^ _.. -^ (b) Six (6) representatives who arc Hospitals Mari Anna Shaw (s> (D QHflMiimmiii Area Students. Union Secretary. ON CAMPUS PAGE 9

ily applies the pay rates and conditions of employment pertaining to the State Public service, these rates and conditions being EVERYTHING far above the standard applying to gener­ YOU ALWAYS WANTED al clerical award, there was no need for TO KNOW ABOUT tbe Commission to made an aware to en­ TELLING YOUR PARENTS sure minimum standards. 2) tbat the award as claimed by the THAT YOU'RE LEAVING HOME* Union was unreasonably wide in that it *but were afraid to ask. sought to cover some administrative and professional groups, who could not be And you're ready to tell them. classified as clerical workers. You've been practising for two hours 3) that the pariiameni in passing the in your bedroom how you're going University of Queensland Acl in 1965, to say il - "I'M leaving home" or "I'm LEAVING home" or I'm gave the senate [lowers with regard to the leaving HOME". They're sitting appointment of staff wltich were not sub­ in the lounge drinking tea/coffcc/ ject to regulation by tfte Industrial Com­ beer, and yo.u walk in, take a breath mission, which therefore lacked jurisdic­ and blurt it out. Jusl like that "I'm tion to make tbe award sought. " leaving home". Only trouble is you're On the final ground the Commission .so nervous, it comes out too rushed, dismissed the claim. However, al the end too nniinblcd, or slowly and evenly of 1973, with the approval of the Senate, spaced like a dalek in an old Dr. Who this clause in the University of Queens­ re-run. The first reaL-tion will be surprise. land Acl was amended. (Dad may even lower his Telegraph). The Union then proccdcd to apply for They will then look at each olher, further meetings with the Universities in­ communicating in the mystical eye­ cluding Griffith University. Al these mee­ brow language all parents use. Any tings they asked the Universities to con­ one of three feeling will now be cede the three mailers of - equal pay, com expressed: pulsory union membership and cover­ age of all levels and categories of staff (a) despair (Why?Where did we in the clerical, administrative, library go wrong? How did wc fail you?) (b) worry (But you'll never cope and computer fields. Queensland and ...You don'l have enough money James Cook Universities were not pre­ ... Wc do everything for you). pared to accept these premises. The (c) anuisvineni (This the latest Universities then refused to supply de­ thing, cir.'My word, whafll you tailed information about each employee, think of next? Uaving home? his/lier position, classification, and rate guffaw, guffaw j of pay, once again on the basis of the Faced wilh Ihis traumatic situation, University of Queensland Act, this was you must modify your reply accord­ withheld. As a result of this, the black ing to their reaction. If they exhibited ban was imposed. (a) despair , you must tread very carefully. Be iiialurc, calm, gentle, Hie need for an award to cover ad- persuasive, rational. Don't shout - ininisirativc slaff on the university is they need lo be rc-assurcd. You musl made obvious by the recognition of convince Ihcm that yes, Dad, you do tbe situation as it presently exists. Tiiese love them; and no, Mum, you're not include that al the moment ~ equal pay screwed up because of bad toilet is not assured for all women; ihere is training. Reassurance is the key word. not a direct flow on of Public Service Parents who are in the (a) or (b) wage increases, although basically fol­ category unfortunately display signs lowing tbe Public Service pattern; there of the dreaded dingus parents. You is no guaranteed compensation, under must be aware of this before you campus. Because there are so many peo­ tell them so you can have your (rational Students who had difficulty the Workers' Compensation Act; there ple working on the University campus in eloquent) arguments ready to zap purchasing books and stationery is no system for promotion - thus leav­ a non-academic field, the number of un­ straight al Ihcm. at the bookshop, or did not have ing tbe way open for patronage; there is ions involved could be quite large. With (b) type parents, have the carcasses for anatomy pracs dur­ no right of appeal against standards of answers to practical problems (such ing September and October, may Due to this it has been suggested by wages and also positions are no classified. as finance, housing, and transport) at not have realised that this was some staff both in Queensland and inter­ Which makes tbe situation somewhat your fingertips. Show them you've state, that a national union to cover all vague and haphazard for staff worked every Ihing out. due to a black ban on the Uni­ non-academic staff working at Universit­ Nevertheless, according to Mr Muller: Perhaps the hardest lo take is the versity by the Federated Clerks ies and Colleges of Advanced Education (c) reaction, because you've really Union. By using associate mem­ throughout AustraUa may be a wise de­ "Less than fifty percent are presently stewed your guts making this decision bers of the Union, working on velopment. This concept developed in union organised and the majority don't and they haven't even taken you wharves and in the transport indu­ part because of the attempts by Feder­ want to become so. Although they would seriously. Don't get angry. If any­ accpet the benefits if they were passed on stry, the Union was able to pre­ ated Clerks Union to claim responsibility thing, bo a littie cool. Tell Ihem for employees not working in an expres­ to them." This raises the question of you're perfectly serious. To prove vent supplies of this nature reach­ whether compulsory union membership your point, have a carton half-full ing the University. sly clerical field - for instance library and of your textbooks on the floor of computer departments at the University. is desireable or acceptable. The Univer­ sity argues that it is not. Mr Muller said: your bedroom, and begin sorting your winter and summer clothing into Tills ban was imposed because of The establishment of such a national "We would not necessarily enforce com­ union would involve proving to the In­ separate piles. Once they realize you "the length pf time Queensland and pulsory membership, althoughwe would are serious, they may revert to (a) or James Cook Universities were taking dustrial Commission that such a union' encourage it. Maybe only new people (b). See above. would be both necessary and desirable. to discuss an award coverage suggested joining the staff would be obliged to join. There is little else you can do at by the Federated Clerks Union for non- In line with this, Unions already covering Or possibly promotional prospects would this stage other than staying cool, academic University staff." And it was each occupational group individually only be ensured for members." apart from the possible complication the Federated Clerks Union which cal­ would contest the formation of another However, now that the Universities of your mum fainting away. If this led the ban off, because of the amount group to cater for their potential mem­ recognise the power of the Unions the happens, know what to do (having of good accumulating on the wharves, bers. Mr Muller said: "The Federated submission being prepared for discussion previously looked it up in your St. many of which were beginning to be­ Clerks Union would contest the form­ with the Universities within the month John's first aid book) thus impressing ation of such a Union, because clerks the folks of your extreme calmness in come rat infested. However, the ban may have a greater chance of success (im­ the face of emergency. was called off with what Mr Muller, form a relatively small proportion in agine a black ban while the bookshop is any big organisation and therefore they If you get through these hassles President of the Federated Clerks Union trying to get supplies for 1975). Although O.K.. you're just about right. By called: "the understanding that meaning­ may be left behind and forgotten. That the dcsireability of'black bans' can be this lime, you'll be a helluva lot ful discussions would be beld between is why as a union delaing exclusively questioned, the discussions on 15/10/74 more capable of arguing a point, the unions and'tiie universities." with clerks we can be so effective." were of relative success, because both par­ and wil! look, on the average, .V5 Discussions were held on Tuesday, The clerks Union initiated the ban, ties recognised the power of the other. years older (bolh from strain and October 15, 1974, and il was agreed primarily on three grounds. First, be­ And both arc now confident that the end your feverish attempts to appear cause they want an award to cover all of the four and a half year dispute is now poised and mature). that the unions prepare a draft docu­ One final thing: if you come ment for an award claim for their mem­ administrative staff, secondly to encour­ in sight. age all staff members to become Union home again after living away, do bers, which would then be submitted to The question still remains: Which remember to grit your teeth and .say the universities for further discussion and members and finally to ensure equal party really is the 'big bad wolF? Which nothing when they smugly/triump­ debate, . pay for all women, espccailly those em­ is going to be forced to give way most? hantly'/ leeringly .say, "1 told you The Tuesday meeting was attended by ployed in the 'keyboard group', that is Which will succeed with its claims? The so!". five representatives of the two universities, switch board operators, stenographers, negotiations during November should an­ three - Professor Webb (Vice Chancellor typists. swer these and other questions. Academic), Mr Sheffield (in charge of in­ Over Ihe past four and a half years, dustrial relations), Mr Richie (Vice-Chan­ the Union has been negotiating with cellor Finance) represented the Univer­ the Univcnsity to secure such an award. sity of Queensland, and the Vice Chan­ In 1971, Mr Tait of the Queensland cellor and Personnel Officer from James Industrial Commission advised to Uni­ Cook University. The Union representa­ versity to draw up an award along the tives were Mr Whitby, secretary of the lines of the Public Service Award for Trades and Labour Council, Mr Taper, their slaff. However, the unhrersities representing the Transport Worker's Un­ subsequently ignored this direction. Lat- ion, Mr Loan, from the Australian Work­ er.in 1971, after the discussions in 1970- ers' Union and Mr Muller of the Federa­ 71, the case was brought before the Ar­ ted Clerks Union. bitration Commissioner, Mr Pont. These Unions are affiliated with the The universities opposed the union's A.C.T.U. and wanted to ensure protec­ application on the grounds that "Ij that tion ofTHeir members working on the since the universities in general voluntar­ Julianne Schultz PAGE 10 MONKEY

'The need for a new master plan is urgent." Gareth E, Roberts (Prof of Arch.) Nov, 1969 'Observations on the Future Development ofthe Campus'. an examination of a The master plan is timeless and is executed as the need arises. It plans for buildings, extemal space, and circulation in perspective with the aims and goals of the University. There is just one prob­ 'timeless execution' by lem. The University has never had a sound, clear and reasonably definite policy. Buildings seem scattered wiUy-nilly across campus. Outside Circular Drive, buildings have no over-riding design con­ Sharon carmichael trol. Despite fine individual buildings, the wide variety of forms, materials and colours reflects the absence of comprehensive design for the campus.

At last there is a master plan. But it other inner roads.- under avoidable necessity." areas of activity. has been formulated without knowledge The Biolo^cal Sciences Library is The University Development Plan It is claimed that the multi-deck be­ of the aims and objectives of the Univer­ being constructed across Mill Road Observations by teaching members hind SchoneU Theatre could serve the sity. Can this plan be satisfactory if the at present. ofthe Department of Regional and gymnasium and pool areas, and offer cov­ eventual population (and hence building, A Pedestrian mall is proposed north Town Planning. ered access to the theatre and Union. access and parking needs) is unknown? of the Forgan-Smith Building and this The cost of multi-level and under­ Parking along Sir William MacGregor If there is no road plan for Brisbane with - is expected to become a major circul­ ground car parks was approximated in Drive could serve the same area and if the University as a large traffic generator? ation route of the University. Site Planning Report No 2, 1972. we want covered access, some of the mU- If there are no firm proposals for a pub­ A Ceremonial Plaza will be sited One 1,200 car parking structure lions saved can buy an endless supply of lic transport system? Nothing is impos­ . between Mayne Hall and Central Lib­ south of the New Chemistry Build­ umbreUas. sible for MacCormick the Magician and rary - "An ununaginative conaete ing. S 1.8 miUion "The parking problems of the Uni­ his helpers in the Office of the University stage contauiing ceremonial trappuigs One 1,500 - 3000 car parking versity can be solved U the Wilbur Smith Architect. Abracadabra, a wave of the such as the uievitable fountain and and Associates recommendations are im­ wand and hey presto....77ie Master Plan. structure below the Schonell Thea­ pool (with dog-piddle passing for a tre adjacent to Oval 4. S1.8 million. plemented at the required scale. Imagi­ University planners accept that Aca­ jet of water), flat poles etc." A potential 300 space underground native and sensitive design will be re­ demic Buildings should be in a 1600 feet Morton Reevesby, "Rolls Royce car park in front of Forgan Smith quired to incorporate these provisions diameter circle. This limit is for walking Planning" - Semper, 23.5.74 BuUding. $600^000. into the fabric and landscape of the cam­ distance between teaching facilities and The present carpark near the new, Total $4.2 million. pus." the time allowed for changing classes. In commerce building will make way for In 1972, building costs were increas­ Site Planning Report, No 2. ten minutes a student should be able to the departments of Education, Psycho­ ing at 17% p.a. Including this factor the cross the central campus. Many buildings logy and Commerce together with price jumps to $9 million. With present already lie outside this range and the centralized lecture theatres. How imaginative and sensitive can trends such multi-level car parks are way you be about a noisy, airpolluting, master plan seems to create a multi-versity, On the southern side of campus, beyond the means of an average Univer­ not a university. the Hawken Buildmg \^ extend to sity. Especially when students are to ugly sprawling multi-level parking The University will fall into three house the Computer Centre, the De­ pay parking fees for using these concrete building? Plans for the paricing buil- zones. Overlapping circles will centre on partment of Computer Science and monsters (estimated at $30 each year dinjg behind Schonell Theatre were the Undergraduate Library, the Englneer- the Engineering Library. A lecture in 1972, by now over $90 a year). The "abandoned" after a furore in 1972. uig Admin and the proposed Biological theatre complex will be developed plan assumes students would fully pat­ Sciences Library. Each zone of related and a large assembly area gained by ronise these structures. But it has found its way into the disciplines wUl have its own central lib­ roofing-over the space between the No one has undertaken noise and air master plan again. Unless we can pre­ rary, refectory and parking facilities. Physics Annex and the Hawken pollution tests. Neither Wilbur Smith vent its construction, it is likely to But the University Architect's report Building. nor the University Architect have consid­ find its way into conaete reality as has already rejected this as unwise: The area south of the Staff club ered the effect on residents of a greater the largest building on campus, and "There may be a "new that related com­ is for the Departments of Architec­ volume of traffic along main routes to partments comprise a self-contained zone ture, Music, Regional and Town Plan­ the University site, the traffic problems slab by slab, it will grow until it cov­ out of which few 'aoss campus' trips ning, Surveying and Civil Engineering. of the city of Brisbane, the motorists ers almost the entire length from are generated and therefore the spread The Veterinary Science school wiU coming to the St Lucia site during peak SchoneU Theatre down to the river of the built-up area is not a cause for have tWQ parallel wings added at right hours. concern! This may be true of some areas angles to the existing buUding. with its "imaginative and sensitive It will be no fun to compete with design." of the present time, but such a water­ The lake will be extended south traffic noise in a swimming pool over­ tight view assumes no future academic disappearing behind Conifer Knoll. It shadowed by a parking building. Can we changes, an untenable solution when the will follow a natural depression and seriously believe the multi-structure could Sharon Carmichael. long term future of the campus is being plans for the lake will not disturb the be used as 'a grand stand for Oval No 4'? considered." nestuig habits of the ducks. If we assume that cars won't disappear Site Planning Report, No 2 Cars, traffic; noise, dust, aerial pollu­ between now and 19S1, and we don't 1972- Office ofthe University tion parking spaces. What can you do with want them in a gargantuan structure where REFERENCE MATERIAL RE­ Architect. 5,000 cars. WUbur Smith and Associates can they go? LATING TO THE MASTER The University Architect must not in their Traffic Circulation and Parking Teaching members of the Department PLAN FOR THE UNIVERSITV be considering the long term-future of Study have plaimed parking for this num­ of Regional and Town Plannmg say about the campus. He contradicts himself for ber by 1981. Obviously, the University 170 cars can be parked on an acre of land University of Queensland Site in the Master Plan this same "untenable will suffer if so overrun by cars. They - more if cars are small and there is flex­ solution" is exactly what he proposes! must be discouraged. But altemative trans­ ible parking (no wide Unes). Five thou­ Planning Reports 1 & 2. The campus is to be a traffic-free ped­ port is airily dismissed by Wilbur Smith. sand cars need thirty acres. Forty acres estrian precinct. Future buildings wdll be "It is concluded it would be unwise to 1. Existing Conditions Survey for parking is ample and it need not look 2. Problems And Solutions located to create a series of courts and assume that public transport service will steralized. Car parks should be screened landscaped open spaces. "If it is decided contribute to meeting University needs in March 1972. Office of the Univer­ with a dense surrounding of trees and sity Architect. to revert to the original principle of a a way veiy much different to the role it tall shrubs broken only by gaps for en­ pedestrian precinct, the University can performs at present" trance and exit. Inside, rows of trees and Draft Submission on Proposed look forward to the development of an . It takes just one sentence to erase pub shrubs shade vehicles. "From outside efficient, safe and attracthre environment lie transport from the picture. Alternatives every car park should look like a wood Physical Development Of Uni­ in which the courts contained by the are many .Water surrounds the University ftom most angles and even inside it only versity Of Queensland builduigs will be a bonus in terms of on three sides and the ferry can bring 200 a few cars should be visible at any parti­ attractive and useful open space." passengers across the river in an hour. cular spot." Godfrey Mantle, member of Union Garth E. Roberts. More ferries, other water transport, trans- The University Development Plan Committee appointed to prepare a Since traffic will be removed from river elevated cable cars are all possible ... , Observations by Teaching Members report on the Proposed Master Plan. the central campus, several buildings cycle tracks in the neighbouring suburbs., of the Department of Regional and 24.8.1972. will be sited across Circular Drive, and privileged parking for bicycles and motor Town Planning. cycles... penalties for people who bring Land for surface parking is not as ir­ The University Development cars on campus and h've within a mile of reversible as the.construction of parking Plan -Observations by Teach- the University ...feeder bus services buildings. . ing Merhbers of the Department car pooling.... high parking fees for cars The main circular route around the with one passenger, graded down with University will be Sir William Macgregor of Regional and Town Planning. each additional passenger... hitchhiking Drive and a parking surface is allocated actively encouraged. behind the colleges. Why is it restricted L.B.Keeble, Professor of R&TP. The plan makes rooms for cars, encou­ to this area? If the road was widened C.J.Taylor, Senior Lecturer, R&TP: rages them. Where will Wilbur Smith angle parking would be ipossible along Betty Travena, Lecturer R&TP. place the cars? In massive concrete park­ its entire length. The Drive would easily Undated. ing buildings. Our very own MacDonnell contain the ISOG parking spaces of the and East carparks behind Schonell Thea­ proposed multi-level building for several Traffic Circulation and Parking the tre and near the Engineering Depart­ milUon doUars less. Study ments. Not to mention the King George " Kerb parking along access ro ads is administrat Square version under the Ceremonial. to be prohibited, although retention of Wilbur Smith and Associates. 1972, Plaza. such spaceis along the ring road (Mac­ February llth. The multi-level parks would be the Gregor Drive) is acceptable due to the two largest buildings on campus. How wider pavement available." Semper Floreat, September do you camouflage a parking building? Site planning Report 2. 29th 1972. Volume 42.,No 8. What else can you do with it? These. If the site planning reportagrees that structures are immensely costly and . kerb .parking along Sir William Mac­ A special issue produced as the no-one4ias found a way to mdce their - Gregor Drive is acceptable, it seems pec­ Union's Submission to the Senate appearance more than barely accept­ uliar that the plan doesn't utilize this . able. "Once they have been built you space to the best advantage. The propos- Semper Floreat,. May 23rd are stuck with them; there is no practi­ ed traffic route passes around the outer 1974. Volume 44, No 6. cable alternative use for them. It would campus with radial feeder roads leading grey and aooked like the men Inilde be absurd to build such thhigs except into vantage parking points close to RoUs Royce Planning - Pages 3,4. MONKEY BUSINESS PAGETI — •- - -I

PLANNING FOR CEREMONY AND TOURIST The diagram at left shows proposed traffic circulation for the University of Queensland in the coming years. The darker lines indicate motor vehicle access, while the lighter lines indicate pedestrian routes throughout the campus. Referring to the approaching road to the Main Building, the Site Planning Report (No.2,1972; 8.03.01, page 31) says This new axial approach road is not proposed as a circulating road giving access to other parts of the campus. Its primary function would be to provide a ceremonial and visitor approach to the Forgan-Smith building and Mayne Hall, and in this re­ gard it would become the popular sightseeing attraction for the visiting public. If the patent absurdity of these comments does not strike at once, consider Morton Reevesby'scomments(SemperFloreat Vol.44, No.6,23/5/1974): . By examining the particular example of the Administration plans for the front lawn area, anunderstahding of some of the values normally underlying their conceptualizing can be gained. The architectural intention behind the construction of the Main Build­ ing itself (as with most govemment buildings and churches) is to consciously or uncon­ sciously overawe the viewerby mere virtue of its scale. This grandiose scale (as far re­ moved from human scale as is necessary) combined with certain other design features (such as engraved statements on 'truth', and sandstone carvings of University authority symbols) was originally intended unconsciously (?) to be a show of strength - a reflect­ ion of power.The student of course, is supposed to respect that power and its domin-- ance.. .Plaza ceremonies arranged by the Administration would be covertly designed to re-inforce the observer's acceptance of their power mystique. The Governor's Rolls Royce could now drive directly to the Main Building and park right next to Mayne Hall in a carpark which most definitely was never intended for student use or conven­ ience. PAGE 12 MONKEY BUSINESS

On Friday Sth November, about 30 students from International House held a sit-in on the wire mesh AN EXAMPLE OF ADMINISTRATIVE for a concrete slab of a temporary structure going up in the mainten­ ance section near International CONCERN FOR STUDENT WELFARE House. The amazing series of events which led up to this situation and the events of Friday Sth are here briefly recounted. INTERNATIONAL HOUSE At the second semester General Meeting of the International House Student's Qub on Monday 5 th August, the students expressed '^'=WS«d Grounds Commftt«. their alarm at the commencement of a two- storey extension to the "temporary" Main­ Vnbersityolf^ tenance Workshops next to International St Lucia 4067-4067- , ,974 we«'«'^ House. It was evident that (he Coll«c was be­ coming increasin^y hemmed-in by Umversity buDdlngs; that there was a growing problem It is dear from the communication sent with noise and pollution from motor vehicles, by the International House Students to Mr and a constant danger to pedestrians in the Ritchie on 20th'August that the Unwersity area from the same. All this, in spite of the was well mfoimed eariy of the situatton. University policy, laid out in the 1972 Site This communkation had been published ui Planning Report whkh clearly states: University News. What seems most incredible "... the over-ridmg consideration must be is that the very Issue invoKed ui the sit in tite quality ofthe environment and the (the storage building for temporary generators) campta.must primarily be developed as a was set out in a communication sent to Mr pleasant place for people." Ritchie on 6th November, two days before. "... free from the distractions of motor The issues wtK discussed it a Buildings and vehicles." Grounds Committee one day before where Accordingly, letters were wrhten to the the Univeraty Kieed to get some landscaping Vice<;hancellor and the Deputy Vice-Chan­ done between Maintenance shop and Inter­ cellor (Fabric and Finance) urging the Senate nationa) House. Mr Ritchie protested that to investigate the position of International when he promised no further temporary House with regard to the above issues; to cease buildings will be erected on the site he hadn't to erect buildings in the area; lo remove exist­ lealizeqthat they were referring to the new ing "temporary" structures and car parks as ston^e area for the generates as that was to soon as possible; to upgrade the "depressed replace an existing structure washed away in area" of tho West Precinct by landscapuig; and the floods. But this seems a little thin in view to reaffirm the principles set down in the 1972 of the communication he'd received the day be­ Site Planning Report. -jjterefore we w" ^,,., fore (and presumably didn't read). In addition On Thursday 3rd September, at a meeting his explanation for the concrete being pwued of the Senate Improvements Committee, follow­ ^« would that week ("there is a three month waiting Ust ing discussion with a rcpiesentath^e from the for concrete. We had to take it while we had I.H.S.C. and the University Architect, Mr J. it") also seems a little thin because after it was MacCormick, (he Committee resohred tore- n",,„te ate. all over they were able to get a further load of commend that before further temporary concrete that very afternoon to replace that buildings be erected or approved, each piopcs- which had been spofled. To their credit the ition be brou^t before the Senate; and that admuiistration was remarkably restrained and when campus developments are envisaged, per­ careful not to provoke what could have turned sons or bodies likely to be effected should be lynelleThelander, into an ugly demonstration if any one had been consulted at an eariy stiue before detailed Secretary- tactless. planning has commenceo. A feature of the demonstration which bears A meeting of the Senate followed on comment is that it showed the remarkable ef- Thursday 26tb September. Senate referred to tenancc staff came to explain that the new fectWeness of non violent action. When the tlie Buildings and Grounds Committee the above structure was to be a lean-to enclosed by chain- students first realized that concrete was being resolutions of the Improvements Committee. In wire fendng to house two emergency diesel poured they didn't race around with placards addition, it was rcsoWcd'. geneiatois. When asked why there had tjeen no shouting obscenities at Zelman Cowen. They "that the Senate re-affirms the policy laid prior consultation with Internation House {the didnU hack the tyres of the cement truck or down m the Site Planning Report, reference body "likely to be affected" by the construc­ pelt rocks at the workers. They simply got 3.0109, i.e., 'that the over-riding consider­ tion) as had been recommended by the Impro­ some pine cases and rubber boots and sat on ation must be the quality ofthe environ­ vements Committee, they replied that they the wire mesh and prevented any further pour­ ment and the Campus must primarily be ^ _^ had never been instructed to have sudi a con­ ing. It was a brilliant non-violent actnn that developed as a pleasant pktce for people. * sultation. effectively achieved their aim (to stop work The University Architect outlined the pro­ The I.H.S.C. then a^ed the President of on the buiUit^ immediately. The University posed redevelopment of the areas containing the Students' Union, Brian Towler, and Bill were forced to concentrate on the gut issues temporary constructions, and pointed out that Michaels, to present the case of the Club to the in the ensuing discussions, as there were no there was a need for upgrading the priority of Buiklings and Grounds Committee at the meet­ skie issues of injury to indhiduals or destruc­ construction of the buildings to replace these. ing on Thursday 7th November. In addition, tion of property. The studenfs could have It was then resolved: another letter was written to the Chairman, of stayed there all day if necessary. They could "that the following motion ofthe Improve­ the Committee urging them to take immediate James Maccormick have made it difficult by allowing the ill- ments Committee be referred to the Build­ and positive action to implement University poured cement to set as it was, although this ings and Grounds Committee: policy, and to bring to an immediate stop die The Students refused to move from the was undearable from the students point of 'That Senate request the Buildatgsand construction of the lean-to for the emergenqr site until Mr Ritchie presented them with view as it would mean some time in tbe fut­ Grounds Committee to make an im- generators. written assurance that there would be no ure the University would bring jack-hammers medate re-examination of the area be­ The meeting apparently was adjourned be- further temporary bufldingsor extensions in to get it out which woukln^ be pleasant tween the worktops and International foro;thc matter came up for discussion, with erected in the area, and that he would re­ But the message of the effectiveness of non­ House with a view to immediate imple- the exception of the request made for trees to view the situation of car parking in the area, violent demonstration was dear. menlatkm of measures lo improve the be pbnted in the area between the workshops and have representation from both the Stud­ Many students were left wonderuig after depressed environment specifically to and International House. ents' Union and the I.H.S.C. at any meeting it was over whether they'd achieved anything reduce motor vehicle traffic and park- After three months of negotiating with the concerning the matter. at alL Some conceded that the fact that the itrg of vehicles, and lo commence plan­ Adminisb-ation for written assurances that It was then agreed that all work would be buiMuig was only a replacement for an exist­ tmg of appropriate trees.' " there would be no further building in the area, stopped while Mr Ritchie heU a meeting wilh mg structure was a mitigating circumstance. Attention was also drawn to a conflict of and that UnWeisity policy on matters othe en­ the students. He agreed that as noise was also However others feet Oiat the admuustration use evident in the present Master Han in regard vironment would be implemented, the students a major concern at this time of the year, no have been ijulte cunning in that the replace­ to the West Precmt, and it was resolved had achieved virtually nothing. So, when the further construction would be canied out on ment buildmg'is lareer Uian the one that was "Ihal the'University be requested to initiate first truck be^n pouring cement at 9.()0 8.m. the building until after the examination per­ there before. Also, m repairing other flood discusaon with International House concern­ on Friday Sth, the students decided to take iod, and gave his assurance that if the area of dama^ maintainence buildings they increased ing these matters." direct action in an effort to illustrate to the conaete occupied by the students had been their Mie by adding extensions. It was evident that all matters were being Administration the extent of their concern for ruined, It would be left untouched also, \intil However the Unnersity now knows the stud referred to the Buildings and Grounds Com­ (he University environment, fast becoming a after the exams. ents of Inteitiatioiuil House are not to be trif- mittee. In the meantime, the extension to the concrete jun^. Pleased to see trees being planted along fled with. They will probably be more than Maintenance Workshops had been completed, Immediately Mr Bailey was called to the the boundaiy between the workdtops and the willing to consult with them (and other col­ and the site of the old pdnt and electrical store scene, and together with representatives frotn college as promised, the students dispersed. lie people) before making decisions which was being prepared for yet another buflding. the I.H.S.C. and Uie President of the Student's However, contrary to Mi Ritchie's assurances anect them. They did succeed m gctthig Mr Ritchie was contacted over the matter, but Union, liuid a meeting with Mr Ritchie, who the spoilt concrete was removed by heavy work on the building stopped till after the said he knew nothing dt a "new building". Mr explained that the building was not a 'new' one earth-moving equipment, and the conaete exams. They also might be able to get some­ McCormick, the Unwersity Architect, came to but just a replacement for the old pauit and ele­ which "could take anything up until March thing done about the small but annoyuig car inspect the site and admitted that he had had ctrical store, and that the decision to build Iiad to arrive** was procured two hours later. park next to the college hi the future. no idea that such a building was to go UP. been an Executive one, which was why no one Then Mr Bailey and Mr Hayes from the Main- else had been informed of the dedsran. Lynelle Thelander Brian Towler Max Blenkin (photographer)

10:30AM: Students obstruct further woric 11:30AM: By this thne, the conciete wis hardenhig la the truck; the 12:00: The students remain amidst the spoiling concrete as they await whUe awaithig the outcome of t meeting of driver decUed that it had to be dumped. Intetnttional House may be the appemnce of Mr Ritchie. Despite his auunmce that 4ie cbhciete student lepretentatlves with Mr Ritchie. seen in the background. woukl be left untouched, it wu removedlite r that day. PAGE 13

the great nation. And in tlie most little lady, sick and frail, and not very modern times, tlic large stores, built to rich, returned by train to pay her debt, give the great mass of people what they in dollars one third of a baker's dozen wanted, profited by many millions of plus a small accounting charge. But dollars each year. Ills descendants were lo! By the time she had travelled pain-., . rich und powerful. One, the friend of fully into the cily more than one Ihc biggest politician in the land, was month had elapsed. Another small acc­ rumoured lo be a' possible representative ounting charge would have lo be paid. of the Queen - the highest regal position So the very strict ;iccountimts purchas­ in Ihis pan of her realm. A true example ed a seven cent postage stamp and that thrift und frugality reap their re­ posted a statement for the eight cents wards. lo her. This was in Ihe fourth month. In the same year in which our pour So Ihe little lady, sick, frail, and not migrant, now pro.sperous. had formed very rich, telephoned the great pros­ a public company, a baby girl was perous store und explained the error, born to poor parents iu another part "Don'l worry", she was told," a mi.s- • of this great island. And by this pres­ take has been made. We shall rectify ent modern time, .she had reached it." The iiltle lady .smiled happily; middle age; she was sick, frail und not .she was relieved. More time clupsed. very rich, Then the little old lady received All her life she had lo purchase goods another Ictlcr from the great store. It on credit schemes established by the bore a seven cent stump and contained large stores. She never ceased lo be in a statement for eight cents. This was IT CAME TO PASS debt; always, there seemed to be a re­ in the fifth month. payment or an interest charge to be met. More time elapsed. Then the little ^ FABLE OF HUMAN STRIVING AND ACHIEVEMENT, OF UTTLE She had, us a token of one store's app­ lady, sick, frail, and not very rich, PEOPLE AND THEIR TRAVAILS; A TALE OF GRANDEUR AND WOE, reciation of her custom, a permanent received another letter from the great OF STRUGGLE AND DEFEAT...A FABLE OF OUR TIMES. credit card. This allowed her to buy store. It bore a seven cent stamp and without travail, goods which were'a pari contained a statement for eight cents. Many many years ago near the turn of the century, men wore of her life '; she had only to repay the This was in the sixth month. marked price and a small accounting More time elapsed. Then the little long narrow trousers, coats with tails, stiff winged collars and tall fee. She struggled and saved; finally old lady, sick, frail, ind not very rich, rakish hats. Some wore moustaches and side-levers; others had great all her payments had been met. She was received another letter from the great flowing beards, flowered vests and fancy watch-chains with large time free of debt, store. This was in the seventh month. pieces and small sovereign cases. But It came to pass in the first This fourth account for eight cents month of this present year, she nad lo from the great nationwide store carr­ purcha.sc some essential clothes on the ied also a very stern notice from the become expert judges of their customers, credit scheme at a great store at the very strict accountants: "Because of High-stepping horses pulled smarter end of the city. The debt, in carriages briskly through the mentally recording their preferences increased costs, it has become nec­ and habits, and noting that incessant dollars was not quite a baker's dozen. essary for us-to increase the accounting streets of a busy Australian port. yearning for something better which is Soon, punctually as always, the account charge from 1.5% to 1.8%. This new The wharves were laden with com­ a con.stant "part of life". was received. This was in the second rate will be applied to your July merce and bales of wool. The city It Ls known, too, that poor people month. balance and will be shown on your teemed with people. The times yearn for the peace and serenity found The little lady left her humble home August statement," only amid the .spacious residences of and travelled by train into the city to were exciting and prosperous for pay her debt. She paid her money and So the little lady, sick, frail, and the rich. Most merchants strive to leave not very rich, travelled to one of the the wealthy merchants and land­ the squalid streets of the poor; they told the cashier that the account or statement was for only two-thirds of great stores'and paid the debt which owners. But, for the poor there seek to strive and prosper and live hung like a sword over her head. Alas, among the rich "at the smarter end" of the debt shown on the attached sale vvas much poverty and despair. docket. "Don't worry", she was lold, she knew she could not afford an el- the city. But inherently they know that cctornic calculator to estimate .35% About this time, a young migrant to profit they have to trade with Ihe "a mistake has been made. Our acc­ stepped off a boat and surveyed the ountants won't miss it, they are very of eight cents. Her thrift and frugal­ great mass of the people and sell them ity had never been rewarded' city. He worked in a factory until he what they need at a cheap price. thorough. Pay the balance after you learnt the language of this strange new receive the next statement." "But I Now daily and apprehensively, the land. Soon he and his brother had saved Even in the midst of the Great Dcp- wish to pay it now. Train travel is so little lady waits for the postman. enough capital to open a shop near a ressioii our migrant prospered. He now expensive," said the little old lady, '.'I When he silently goes by, she sighs with famous galdficld. For some years, as hved in the busy city; his shops traded have the money today." "I'm sorry", relief. She heeds no more the glib they struggled to make ends meet, our at the smarter end of the main streets she was told, "our accountants are advertising which promotes "value and young migrant hawked goods from door in other large cities. He formed a com­ very strict. We can only accept the friendly service" as "part of your life." to door, purchased a cart and travelled pany, established benevolent grants, money shown on the statemenl." This Nor will she be a promotional "target" from town to town. Gradually the tide endowed chairiles and concerts. He even was in the third month. "You're paying too much". She has of fortune turned and their business ex­ safeguarded his workers' housing and Six days later, to the little old lady changed "a part of her life", and panded. No longer would they have to their old age with generous and bene­ was.despatched a statemenl for the shops no more al "the smarter end count every penny or live in a frugal volent schemes. remaining one third, plus a small acc­ of the city". manner. When he died,'the family name hvcd ounting charge payable in one month. Now it is a known fact that hawkers on and on, and became famous across Time sped by. Then one day, the A. Democrat

(PRESUMABL Y A CYNICAL MAN- EXTREME DISPLEASURE A T THE ents having completed a year's work OURVRE TO RAISE FUNDS) FA CT THA T WORK ON MA CGREGOR will not take the risk of exclusion but JonesjMichael DRIVE REPAIR DID NOT START EAR­ will "put up" and "pay up". Dissent: J. Chapman, M. Hislop, LIER AND THAT ITS OPENING The closure of Mill Road unaccom­ G. Chandler, S. Birchley. WOULD HA VE IMPROVED THE PRE­ panied by the opening of Samuel McGre­ SENT STTU ATION gor Drive has compounded the problem 3. THA T THtS COUNCfL BE Lt EVES JonesfStirk of student parking and consequently THA T THE PRESENT DISCRIMINA T- • student fines. OR Y PA RKING ARRA NG EM ENTS ARE 9. TffATCOUNCfL RECOMMENDS This-leaves students in a dilemma - (A) GROSSLY UNFAIR. REFLECT­ MONfES GAINED FROM PARKING many would prefer to leave their cars ING AS THEY DO THEHEIRARCH- FINES BE PUT IN A FUND FOR STU­ at home but with public (ransport be­ lAL POWER STRUCTURE OF THIS DENT LOANS ing what it is and the banning of hitch­ UNIVERSITY JonesfStirk hiking, a distinct possibility, how does (B) GROSSLY INEFFICIENT AS a student get to the University? 'THEY A LLO W PRESENT PARKING to. THATTffIS COUNCfL RECOM­ The Administration will have to face AREA OF THE UNIVERSITY TO GO MEND TO TffE64TH COUNCfL THAT up to the responsibilities of the chaotic UNUSED. AN INVESTIGA TION INTO THE TRAF- situation which they, by their singular JonesfMicbael FfC PROBLim BE A VER Y IffGH PRI­ lack of planning and action, have helped Dissent: Chandler ORITY NEXT YEAR. fTfSALSO RE- to create. Many suggestions have come COMMENDED TII A T UNLIKE THE from the Union such as the provision of 4. PURSUANT TO THE MOTION ADMfNfSTRATfON, THIS INVESTI­ more hitching posts, bicycle racks, a A BO VE, THA T THIS COUNCIL DE- GATION GO INTO ALTERNA TIVES university bus service, the end of elitist MA NDS THE A BOLITION OF DIS­ OTHER THAN ON CAMPUS PARK­ parking areas, and financial support of CRIMINA TING PA RKING CA TEGOR- ING. ferry services but little response has lES EXCEPT FOR: INVA LID STUDENTS Kellyf been made. TRANSPORT OR STAFF WHO SHALL REQUIRE A How much longer will students have MEDICAL CERTIFICATE, PREGNANT II. THA T THIS COUNCIL EX­ to pay for the administration's ineffici­ PARKING WOMEN OR PERSONS WITH SMALL PRESSES EXTREME CONCERN A T ency and lack of concern for their wel­ A DOUBLE-BIND BABIES. THIS BRISBANE CITY COUNCIL'S fare? Students can ill afford to swell JonesfMichael PARKING EXTENSION PLANS WITH the administration's coffers yet with the During the evening of Thursday, 24th REL A TION TO THE A VAILABLE threat of exclusion, they are in a double October al a meetmg of Union Coiincil; 5. THA T THE UNIVERSITY NEG­ AREAS AROUND HOSPITALS USfW bind - again it is a cry of the powerless there occurred a suspension of Standing OTIA TE wmi THE RELEVANT A UTH- BY MEDICAL STUDENTS' PARA- without whom this university would cease Orders to discuss the present student ORfTfES TO PROVIDE FOR PARKING MEDICALS, OUT-PA TIE NTS AND toexist and about whom (he powers parking and transport problems. SPA CE ALONG HA WKEN DRIVE AND VISITORS. WITH RESPECT TO MED- that be give little thought or care. The following motions were passed: CARMODY ROAD. ICAL STUDENTS IN IH AND fV YEAR JonesfMichael THE PLA NS PLA CE TIIEM IN A SE V- Mari Anna Shaw /. THAT THIS COUNCIL NOTES Dissent: Chandler ERE FINANCIAL POSITION ESPEC- THE PARKING PROBLEM IS NOW RE­ lA LL Y SfNCE TIIEY HA VETO TRA V- ACHING A CRITICAL SITUATION AND 6. THAT THE ABOVE MOTIONS BE EL FROM AND TO VARIOUS HOSP­ DEPLORES THE ADMINfSTRATfON'S CONVEYED TO BUILDING AND ITAL AREAS A COUPLE OF TIMES CONSISTENT REFUSAL TO DO ANY­ GROUNDS COMMITTEE BY MR. W. A DAY. THING TO A LLEVIA TE THE SITUA­ MICHAEL. Borf Grieve TION JonesfMichael J ones) Michael 7. THA T TIIE REGISTR AR IS EX- In the short term, of course, the im­ . 2. THA T THIS COUNCIL NOTES TREMEL Y DEVIOUS IN THA T HE mediate concern is that students are WITH DISGUST,. THA TTHE ADMIN- THR EA TENS LEGAL A CTION ATA facing exclusion because of non-pay­ ISTRA TION'S REA CTION TO THIS TIME WHEN STUDENTS ARE UNDER ment of parking fines at a time when EXALTING PARKING PROBLEM HAS MAXIMUM PRESSUREAND STRESS, the pressures of final examinations BEEN TO REDUCE THE A VAILABLk Jones/Stirk have made Ihem most vulnerable lo , PARKING SPA CE WHILE PRO VIDING Dissent: J. Chapman, G. Chandler stress. It seems impossible to believe . FOR MORE RIGOROUS PENALITIhS that the administration is not aware FOR PARKING INFRINGEMENTS 8. THA T COUNCIL EXPRESS ITS of this — but in fact realises that stud­ PAGE 14 ELECTORAL POLITICS

problems reasonably. The party structure which is based on an ethic of ideological ONTHE purity can never achieve this in such a diffuse society. Within our electorate this ideal of respect for the humanity of ot­ hers must lead lo a more effective and RIGHT J^ participatory system of government. All facets of community life must benefit from a conciliation between specialized and socially concerned groups. •El HEIP I! What issues or problems are you prim­ arily concerned with in your campaign? As 1 am standing as a "community act­ SEE YOUR "TALSA" CREDIT UNION TODAY ion" candidate, naturally I am concem­ w m ed in the main with parochial issues. My SAVE WITH US BORROW FROM US r basic platform includes free and efficient public (ransport, the provision of more child-minding centres and recreation cen­ Fringe benefits of your Credit Union tres for teenagers and children. I hope to Well, we may not have the highest "on call" interest rate in harness the energy of many local com­ Ijcft: Alan Grievei. Right : Laurence Gormley. town, but do you know, or have you ever considered, the munity based groups to achieve signifi­ cant changes in the community I will "fringe benefits" going for you ? AN INTERVIEW represent — Stafford. WITH LAURENCE GORMLEY Where do you think parliamentary Free Life Insurance on your savings democracy has failed? candidate for Stafford Parliamentary government has failed Yes, we double your savings to a maximum of $2,000 invest­ on December 7th because of the party system. Unfortun­ ed, i.e., if at date of death your savings balance is S2,000, a ately, Parliament has become a rubber by Anne Draper stamp for executive decision making. further $2,000 is claimed through our insurers and your next fMurence Gormley is a twenty-one These decisions are made in closed cau­ of kin collects $4,000. Enquire at your Credit Union Office year old University Student who is stan­ cus rooms by people out of touch with for further information. ding as a candidate for tiie seat of Staf­ the requirements of the general public. ford in the forthcoming State flection. They are decisions that are often anathe­ Laurence is studying for ts B.A. and is ma to the people who are already dis­ Free Legal Advisory Service in his first year of Umversity. He is at mayed by parliamentary friasco. You could save yourself crippling legal costs by taking advan­ present Acting Chairman of flouse Com­ How effective a voice could an in­ tage of free preliminary legal advice - refer page 19 of our mittee. dependent have in Quecnsland parlia­ ment? Golden Book. Laurence, what is the rationale behind Any'member of parliament, especi­ your decision to stand as a candidate in ally an mdependent can be as effective Cheap unsecured loans the state election? as he wishes to be. At times one would For too long. Governments at every naturally suffer from frustration with Where else can you get an unsecured loan for as low as 1.5% level in Australia have been dominated the system, however, any achievement per month or the monthly minimum balance, with no other by party hacks, more interested in play­ is duly measured in terms of hard work, "hidden" charges or fees ? ing numbers games than showing any a commodity I have an ample supply of. real concern for their constituents. I am The party system has tended to make standing as a protest against the political parliament a rubber stamp, but being Loan Insurance bloodymindedness shown by the Federal a member of the Legislative Assembly Labor Government and the Queensland would 'legitimise' my social voice. I At no extra cost, your loan is insured for the full amount - Nation-Liberal Coalition. I believe that a would have a ready access to the media owing at time of death. This means your loan "dies" with person, any average person like myself and today that is where public opinion you and the surviving members of your family have no is influenced. can accomplish far .more for his commun­ worries about a debt to the Credit Union. ity than any disinterested product ofthe How do you rate your chances of party machine. Action to improve the success? political, social and economic problems It is particularly difficult for an in­ Stamp Duty of a community must be solved by "com­ dependent candidate to be elected at munity action" the banner under which either the state or federal level of gov­ Yes, your Credit Union pays the Government Stamp Duty lam standing. ernment. I believe, and I feel as others on all loans and once again, "NO COST TO YOU". This concept of "coihmunily action" also, that the result of the state election originated on this campus - what are the is a foregone conclusion. On this basis Motor Vehicle Insurance . basic ideas behind it and how effectively I think many people will vote for me would it work in an electorate? as a protest against the party system. The You save considerably on your insurance premiums if you The basic premise of "community level of disenchantment with politicians are able to pay cash for your vehicle by means of a Credit action" must be the vision of life that is at an all time high and I believe an hon­ Union loan. One more advantage of being a Credit Union encompasses an enduring concern for est and concerned candidate like myself our neighbour. I believe people who are could poll very competitively with the Member. concemed can sit down and solve their major parties. Payments by Cheque Another free service - present your bills to the Credit Union in hand 1 steered the women across the Office with a signed withdrawl form, and provided you have dance floor to our table. Shortly after this the platform began to move but sufficient funds in your savings account, the Credit Union ' this was only for show and after neatly will draw the cheques and post it away for yo.u. waiter! traversing about ten degrees we stopped in a handy position right next to the kitchen. How about that for service ? The waiters quickly pounced and hav­ ing withstood the first charge, we pro­ ceeded to make our selections. This did ON CAMPUS SERVICE not lake long as the choice could most charitably be called restricted. A couple The St.Lucia Office is open from 9:30am of soups, half a dozen entres (three of which were oysters) and about the same to 5:30pm Monday to Friday for your for main courses, including of course, convenience. the national dish "steak" in no less than three different ways, it was at about this THERE'S point that the truth dawned: this was ob­ GUNPOWDER viously a clever once-a-year-diner rip-off LOCATION IN MY SOUP greasy spoon. An inspection of my cut­ lery confirmed the worst. We were about REAR OF ENGINEERING BUILDING to be had. OFF ENGINEERING ROAD WEST. November the fifth is going to kill me. And had we were. The soup was of Not because I am going to do a Guy Faw- the "main meal" type direct from a can kes on Parliament House or any other sil­ and to prove how fresh it was they did CALL IN TODAY ly thing like that. No, my removal from not even bother to warm it. The smoked this vale of tears will be by the simple salmon was pitiful and the oysters dry. THE MANAGER, MR. JOHN WATT, OR ANY OF THE STAFF act of eating. About this stage the old people at the WI LL BE PLEASED TO SEE YOU - TO HELP YOU ! The significance of November the Sth next table, who were half way through is that it is that happy annual event, my their meal were abruptly asked to get Birthday. And the reason I am going to up while a table was placed next to them. die is, of course. The Birthday Dinner. To add to the insult the table which now In less affluent times this annual ev­ directly joined theirs was rapidly filled ent was celebrated in the home. Mother with six drunk failed sharebrokers. 1 allowed you a free choice of the main was almost sick into my warm Aspi Spu- course and in her usual honest style gave manle. you a meal of poor but edible fare. With For the main course we all chose lob­ the discovery of affluence mother now ster dishes. Don't. The sauce could best insists on taking you lo dinner in, nat­ be described as flowery and the rice witli urally a good eating house. Which ex­ it was like wet .concrete. By this stage plains how 1 ended up in the foyer of Peter Moselle was doing his thing which The Unim^ties the Top of the State leering down the at least diverted your attention from the front of the blonde receptionist while spreading gre.en colour of your mother's she deftly removed S2.S0 per head from face. ofQiieeiislaiid my wallet for the cover charge. Peter We staggered out at about ten thirty, Moselle may die forgotten, but not poor. sober, sick and S36.(for three) lighter. A short slop al the bar netted the wom­ My only advice is that if you do go don't, en a bunch of semi-willed flowers and me ask the wine waiter for a glass of Dexal. a rapidly lightening wallet. They think you're joking, so take your Two quick gins did my nerveless fin­ own. gers Ihe world of good and hang-over Alan Peterson. ' OF A WAR THAT HASN'T ENDED; A WAR IN WHICH AUSTRALIA REMAINS INVOLVED...

Prepared and collated by Jan and Peter Callanan. A Semper Floreat special insert.

Vieliam. Nixon said that his administration and killed more than 20,000. Now it has been had achieved "peace with honour". Within a Vielnamised and accelerated under the Code INTRODUCTION five montii period he asked for and received name F6. Their powers are immense. Under from Congress $2 billion a year for Thieu. Tliicu's laws a person can be jailed indefinatc- The U.S. had just pledged not to intervene in ly without being questioned or charged with a a brief history the internal affairs of South Vietnam, but crime. Father Chan Tin, the Catholic Priest continues to keep Thieu in power. (The U.S. who heads the South Vietnamese Committee Vietnam was one country before pays for 86 per cent of Thieu's Government to reform the Prisons, estimates that there are Columbus set sill for America. Many times expenses.) 202,000 political prisoners in South Vietnam. Vietnamese drove foreign invaders from their In the first year of peace 58,000 Viet­ The U.S. Embassy says that the capacity of land. Vietnam's firsl war of independence namese were killed; more than the number of Saigon's 40 "correctional facilities" is only took place 2,000 years ago against the Americans killed In all the years of war (U.S. 39,000. But the embassy does not count the Chinese. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations 93rd military prisons, the interrogation centres, or In modern times the French tried to hold Cbngress 2nd Session p. 2.). Just under Ihe the more tlian-500 district and local jails. The Vietnam as a colony, but the Vietnamese ceasefire deadline the U.S. gave General Thieu U.S. still pays for the system that keeps them under Ho Chi Minh defeated them in 1954 at over $1 billion worth of aircraft and weapons. jailed and still trains their police. The funds the battle of Dien Bien Phu. The Geneva Thu buildup made Saigon's airforce the for prisons etc. was hidden in AID's budget Agreement which ended the vat stated that World's fourth laigest The Peace Agreement, (Agency for Interreitional Development) ^elnam was one country. It drew a by the way, prohibits supplying new types of unter titles like 'public administration', and temporary tme across Vietnam so that the aircraft. But even today the U.S. is sending in when this coverup was made pubIic,congress French could withdraw in an ordaly way. more advanced F-SE fighter jets as fast as outlawed the use of economic aid for police The Geneva Agreement said that this Une was they are produced in the U.S. and prisons, yet the "aid" still gets througj). not a political boundaiy. And the 1973 Paris The Peace Agreement- also required all One example of this is- the "Food for Peace" Agreement said the same thing. But in the U.S. military personnel to leave Vietnam. But program thought to be completely meantime the U.S. and it's allies spent billions the Pentagon admitted in Congressional hear­ humanitarian. In 1974, the U.S. Government of dollars and hundreds of thousands of fives ings that months after the peace agreement gave $300 million worth of food to Saigon. tiying to make the line permanent, dividing was signed, it was paying 6,000 civilians in The food was sold to local retailers. Under Vietnam into two countries. sport shirts to do military jobs. 5,000 of these terms set by the U.S. all of the money made According to the Pentagon Papers, the worked for corporations hired by the by selling "food for Peace" went into Saigon's U.S. feared that Ho Chi Minh would have won Pentagon to run bases for military equipment Military budget. It was even used for building by a landslide if elections had been held and train Vietnamese for war. "Tiger Ciiges". When this practice was throughout Vietnam as llic 1954 Geneva Apart from constant air attacks and armed exposed this year. Congress ordered it ended ^eements lequiied. Vietnam would have excursions there is constant shelling of the for 1975. But there are many more ma.«ive lemained one countiy under Ho's leadeiship. countryside. This intense shelling has a very "aid" programmes still uncovered So the US. sent in money, weapons and tlie real purpose, i.e. to drive the people from the "Commodity support", "Refugee relief and CIA. to put togethei a separate Govenunent zones that Saigon docs not control into zones Social welfare" to mention but a couple. Tlie in the southern zone. They even brought in a that Saigon does control. Namely the refugee graft and corruption of the tatter programme new leader named Diem who had been living camps. The U.S. Senate sub-committee on is only now being exposed in the U.S. by m New Jersey. Diem, for the sake of refugees reports that a year after the Peace Edward L. Block, former cxecutivemember of le^timacy, held elections in the South, He Agreement, hundreds of people continue to U.S. AID programme for refugee relief. As I recall the many tortures claimed to have won 98 per cent of the vote. be driven from their homes each month. Since This year however, U.S. Congress pressed they tried on me, The number of votes counted in Saigon was the war began, over half the people of South by a hostile American public has baullced at Vietnam have been made refugees. This policy I remember the perverse inhuman joy 150,000 moic than the number of voters pouring billions moie into Vietnam. The in their shouts. le^staed there. Today as in 1954 the U^ of generating refugees is as old as the war. If House of Representathres caused the military and its allies (Austialia included) is backing a Thieu can change the population pattern of aid tUl to be slashed in half. If Congress keeps man who holds false elections and denies the south, getting people consolidated into the picssuie on, President Ford may have to political freedom. Today, as in 1954 the U.S. tighter areas then the government can control bend and cut further the ill^ military goal is a separate pro American state in South them more easily. They can check Ihem every funding of (he present post-wai war in Vietnam. To make this possible the U.S. has night for identity cards. The refugees want Vietnam. Drawing by Buu Chi, a 25 year old Vietnamese spent more money in South Vietnam than in more than anything else to return to their held prisoner by Thieu any other country in the world. It has given land and rebuild their homes. The Peace len times more aid to South Vietnam than to Agreement guarantees them "freedom of all the countries in Latin America combined. movement and residence" yet the sentence of grave corruption in his government. Yet America lost the war because the puppet death hangs over any refugee who should Aid from any country which either Governments it set up in the southern zone attempt to do so. RECOGNITION directly or indirectly keeps Thieu in could never get the support of the people. Today in Saigon a vast system of police power is not humanitarian, but simply a Beset with dissention and unrest in its own and prisons enforces Saigon's control. Today reward lo Thieu for violating the Paris aimed forces and mounting public pressure at in spite of the Peace Agreement, U.S. aid OF THE RR.G. Peace Agreement. home and thioughout the woild it had no training has expanded the police force from choice but to come to the conference table 20,000 to 120,000. The police control people (3) The Palis Peace Agreement States and sign the Paiis Peace Agreements. by requiring every family to display a photo a necessity (Article 12) "Immediately After the Ccase- jFirc, the Two South Vietnamese Parties of all family members. If the plioto doesn't When wc come to consider the question of match with the occupants then the whole (Thieu and the P^R.G.) Shall...Set Up a "recognition, we ought to look at a few basic National Council of Reconciliation and family may be arrested. U.S. tax doUars have facts. bought 10 million ID cards (identily cards) Concord of Three Equal Segments". These SINCE THE one for everybody over 15. It is a crime to be (1) The Paris Peace Agreement of Januaiy Three Equal Segments will be Made Up from cau^t without one. 1973 States Cleaily That There are Two Members of the Three Political Parties m Legitimate Governments in South Vietnam. Vietnam, i.e. Thieu's Democracy Party, the The Peace Agreement also says that where­ P.R.G. and the Neutralists or Third Force. PEACE ver people meet, in every big city and small The Saigon Govwnment of Geneial Thieu, and the Provisional Revolutionary Govern­ (The Neutralist Party is made up of People town, all three sides - the P.R.G., the Who Are Neither Pro-Thieu or Pro P.R.G., Neutralists, and Saigon - should be able to ment (P.R.G.). Both Signed the Paris Peace Agreement But Who Sincerely Want Peace. Ahnost All of AGREEMENT make speeches, print newspapers, call meet­ It's Leading Members are in Jail in Saigon and ings, and get out the vote for future elections, The U.S. argument for giving aid only to Make Up a Veiy Large Proportion of the liiese guarantees aie a iokc in Sa^n today. Thicu is based on a lie that has been repeated 202,000 Political Prisoners). illegal u.s. military Under Thieu's laws it's Ulcgal to be a over and over again, namely "Saigon is the Communist, or even a neutralist: Thieu has sole legitimate Govemmenl ol^ South Therefore any country seriously interested eliminated all political parties except those Vietnam". in bringing a true and lasting peace to support under his own control and a U.S. report Many other countries, Australia included, Vietnam must honour the Peace Agreements reveals that Thieu is forcing people to join his follow the example of the U.S. in not in its entirety. This must include the recognition of the P.R.G. - a fundamental The Peace agreement was signed in Paris own democracy party. recognising the P.R.G. as a legitimate Govern­ ment in the South of Vietnam. The excuse condition for the formation of a Council of on January 23ra, 1973. It was signed by the (U.S. Senate Investigation Thailand, Laos, Reconciliation and Concord in Ihc South of U.S. and North Vietnam, and by the two rural Cambodia and Vietnam April, 1973 p.3.) that Australia gives is that the P.R.G. does not function as a Government. This is not true. Vietnam, prior to the election of a Govern­ Administrations m the south of Vietnam, the Tliieu is also continuing a secret potice ment of the people's clioice. Saigon Government of Geneial

losing the war' s:^6f JSi-

THE WORLD BANK go to Saigon at tiie end of May. The following pro-Saigon nations. & THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT months senior officials of the U.S.Agcncy for Much the same .set up. exists with the International D5Vclopmcnt(A.I.D.)nolified the A.D.B. now in the process of raising $525 BANK Senate Committee on Foreign Relations that million.'Japan is the strongest Nation in informal talks were under way with Worid A.D.B. and Australia lias over 8 per cent of As the war in Vietnam became more and Bank and Asian Development Bank members. the voting power. more unpopular in the U.S. the U.S. planners "We arc hopeful, they said, that aid from e.g. Japan 20.4 per cent began to give serious thought to Uic use of others will play an increasingly larger role in Aust. 8.9 per cent established or new international agencies to meeting Indochinas needs?" How large? U.S. 8.4 per cent help carry the burden. Tliis was seriously From 1/3 to 1/2 within 2-3 ycais.S i.c. The A.D.B. has already begun to allocate very talked about as far back as 1969.^ SSOO million more annually. low interest loans fo Saigoa eg. Last Decem­ One of the most serious setbacks to the In September Kissinger .said the U.S. was ber (1973) it initiated several studies in Thieu economy was the withdrawal of U.S. thinking of moving toward a CONSUL­ Saloon and loaned $6.2 million, i^ troops who provided some $400,000,000 in TATIVE GROUP arrangement such as existed Both the I.D.A. and A.D.B. are instru­ revenue, V.\Ui money was needed to keep in Indonesia - i.c. one that would assign the ments for consolidating nco

THE AUSTRAUAN Monslay October 14 1974-7 Army morale drop a threat to Thieu Govt WORLD CABIE SERVlCEi SAI60N< SUNDAY LOW army morale the aggressiveness ot the Impossible for him to is threatening Presi- communist foi ces. dismiss tfhem. tient Thieu's tradi­ The communists are Most of the generals massing^ overwhelming who are considered non- tional military forces to score psy­ corrupt and apolitical I>ower base at a chological victories. are" ferving far from time when he' is Tl)e army Is riddled Saigon where lihere is under mounting with corruption. no posijlbUlty of their suddenly movingr against political pressure to CORRUPTION President Thieu tn a enact democratic coup. President Thieu pro­ reforms, make peace mised on October 1 to Oteervers think that and end corruption. try lo eUmlnate the cor­ If a military coup is to ruption by the end of be prepared, It must US MILITARY AID 1946-1973 tbe month, and he originate among the Desertions recently Issued orders to accom­ regimental commanders SELECTED COMPARISONS reached 4000 to &000 a plish that. — colonels and lieuten­ week, according to relia­ ant-colonels — who SOUTH ble sources In Saigon, Hts problem, according have been . professional $20 to observers, Is that he and the rate Is Inereas- soldiers lor a decade or VIETNAM BtaiON tng. cannot get rid of the more, and who are in Government soldlets numerous high-ranking close touch with their are dying ai a rate of corrupt generals under men and concerned with 300 a week this year — his command without their welfare. EUROPE a 50 per cent Increase destroying his power over last year. base and bringing about So far theiv Is no sign Army pay continues to hts own demise. that this Is happening. NEAR EAST be low, and field cxm- Westem diplomats say Saigon's 29 dally news­ manders report that he Is enmeshed In an papers suspended publi­ & SOUTH ASIA lack, of rice for soldiers Intricate web of corrup­ cation today to protest and their families Is tion and favoritism, against alleged oppres- ))ecoming a bigger with many of his com- ston by the Ctovemntent. LATIN morale problem than manders making it Iht Wa

"The people of the South must also be helped to build a bcttei life of the kind they torture \vant on the luins left by the war". (Reply of Sen. WiUcsec lo K. McLeod AICD) Do you think that the war is all over Mr. thieu's prisons Willesec? The war is slill going on. A full scale war. It is being fought on a massive scale by the Government of General Thicu (the one Australia recognises) with U.S. aid. Thanks to U.S. aid Thicu can launch massive campaigns, outshell the P.R.G. 20 lo I and possess the fourth largest air force in the world. 'Because of this war that is going on right now 80,000 people liave been killed .since ihe signing of the Paris Peace Agreement in January, 1973. Many thousands of women and children have been maimed and hundreds of refugees continue to be driven from their homes to refugee camps. Half the people of South Vietnam are now refugees. How can such people be helped by Aus­ tralian aid to build a "better kind oflife they want" as long as war continues to be waged by a man in Vietnam who obeys a foreign master - a war that continues to destroy any liopc they may have for a' new life.

"Thus, for example, I am stron^y of the But if there were none like you view that wc should continue oui bilateral aid to bear these sufferings. to South Vietnam. This aid in any case consists of a t>rpe which is property to be to ask for independence, legaided as designed to improve the health to demand the Vietnamese's right to live a human life, and welfaic of the people of South Vietnam, and should not be seen as Australian props Itow much langer would our people have to suffer? undci the South Vietnamese (jovetnment ...The power and water supply projects to wliich you lefci will be a duect asset to the imacy in South Vietnam pending elections South Vietnamisc people, including many and reconciliation, the Paris Peace Agreement thousands of lefugecs placed by a tragic wai*. ANDRE MENRAS AUSTRALIAN is once again being violated by the U.S. vdth (Reply of Sen. WiUesee to K. McLeod) the help of the World Bank. Any decisions Perhaps the old fishermiih, now a refugee, an alTccting South Vietnam should be equally who spoke to A.F.S.C. staff at the Quang AID TO THIEU decided upon by both administrations. Ngai hospital is in the best position to reply eye-witness The Worid Bank has admitted that tlie to Mr. Willcsec's assertion that the power and multilateral question of multinational aid to Saigon is veiy water supply will be a direct asset to the political and delicate matter and tliat it wants "many tiiousands of refugees placed by a account Tragic war". He said that he wants more than Although 17 months havepassed-suice the to avoid undue publicity. Some countries The following was compiled by Vbginia signing of tlie Paris Peace Agreement there is have already questioned the Woild Bank's anything dsc to letuin and rebuild his home. Millions of his fellow refugees feel the same Fraser from a talk and interviews Andre stdl no peace in Vietnam. As the Thieu move. Canada has refused-to paiticipate in tlic Menras gave in Melbourne. (^vcnunent is one of the main obstacles to discussions although mvited to do so. way. After the cease fire A.F.S.C. staff heard eventual peace and icconciliation in Vietnam a loud-speaker in his icfugee camp say 'Before soing to Vietnam 1 was completely so long as it stays in power the war and tlie "attention, citizens, if you attempt to go back ignorant of what was going on; I wasn't a suffering shall continue. to your ancestral homes in communist areas, member of a political paity, oi an antiwai The main factor that keeps him in pov/cr bilateral we will shoot you dead". Australian aid to oiganisation. But in Vietnam, seeing the is economic aid fiom the U.S. which finances Despite the wotds of Whitlam and the refugees is helping Thieu to keep them in leality in the cities and in tlie counti3'side 1 his military, police and his economy. But still Foreign Affairs Minister, Senator WiUessee these camps, Is tliis humanitarian? Refugee became awaic of the systematic destruction his economy is collapsing and the U.S. alone about respecting the provisions of the Paris relief and social welfare help General Thicu of the people, not only dliccUy but by the cannot supply tlie massive grants lie needs. Peace Agieemcnt and having an even handed maintain liis hold on the people. Some are dcstiuctton of the cultuie. and indcpen(tent policy on Vietnam, the kept in "permanent" resettlement camps or In Saigon the prostitution, the conuption, The U.S. is now seeking from other moved into new areas where Saigon wants lo governments through the Worid Bank up to Australian aid programme speaks moie clearly the drugs, even the language is affected; and on the Australian policy in Vietnam. expand its control. They remain dependent for me it was a discovery, an awakening if you $400 million per year for at least 20 years to on handouts although they could easily siipplement its own economic aid of $750 The McMahon aid Budget 1972-73 of want. Gradually i went from exasperation to $5.15 million was continued unchanged and become self sufficient if allowed to farm their exasperation; the corpes I say displayed in the miUion yearly to Thicu.- own fields. "We don't want any more An Australian delegation vras not only by the end of the year had even been countryside, the villages levelled, the so called exceeded by Sl million. Tlicn in Uie Whitlam Ametican aid", they say. "Wc have enough refugee camps or new life hamlets, where . present at this meeting but agreed to the U.S. rice to survive. Wc just want them to let us; go proposal. Giving aid to South Vietnam is hot budget of 74/74 the total commitment was thousands of people, peasants most of thum, set at $4,639,000 plus upwards of $20 million back to our village". (American Friends were kept completely dependent on the something new as successive Australian Gov­ Service Committee staff report). I think, Mr. ernments under Holt, Gorton and McMahon promised foi projects due for completion autiiorities for their daily bread; for their job within 6 years. WiUesee, wc would do well to keep out of tlicy had to work in the American base. gave military as well as economic aid. Aid still that scene. continues under Wliitlam even though he had Some of the projects often used to I was in Da Nang, in the first military said Australian policy in Vietnam would be an illustrate the nature of the Australian aid region. I was in a place wlicrs the Soulli even handed and independent one. It is now piogiamme aic the Watci Supply Systems at "Considerable Australian assistance is also Koreans were. You have read about the My obvious that basically as far as Vietnam Is VUNG TAU, DA NANG and SAIGON. being channeled throu^ bodies such as the Lai massacre, but I have seen four to six small concerned, Australian policy is still all the way At Da Nang (a military base and refugee International Red Cross and UNICEF My Lais during two and a liulf years. • with LB J, Nixon, Ford, complex) the water supply systems we are ...both these groups are well phced to All tiiese facts led me to feci it necessary disburse assistance to the whole of Indo-chlna As a result of the World Bank meeting, financing will servo an area that Thicu hopes to speak out against the war in Saigon, to to develop as an industrial park for foreign including North Vietnam, and aicas under denounce this genocide. ^ I distributed, with they sent an economic survey mission to control of the P.R.G., the Pathet Lao in Laos, &iigon in May and November of last year lo investors. (Sl million for this project this year a friends, leaficts demanding peace through $5.7 million over 1975-78) and the anti-Goveinment forces in the withdrawal of the American troops and assess Thicu*s economic problems and needs. Cambodia". (Reply Sen. Willesee) The findings of the mission was that Tliieu's • Another $3 million will be spent on their allies. Also wc demonstrated our economy was In very bad shape, (Saigon's Vung Tau's water supply where U.S. Aid is You and your Goveinment are to be solidarity with the resistance of the Vicl- economy can pay fot only 6 pet cent of its planning a major port development. Austra­ encouraged to give aid through these .namese people, which after so many decades total imports and less than 1/5 of its total lian SEATO aid to South Vietnam has just independent bodies. I do not know in what of total %var was not only surviving but Budget) and there was a lack of control by completed water supply systems at strategic manner the Red Cross is giving aid to these winning, by unfurling the fiagof the National Thieu over presumably safe areas. But the military command centres of Bien Hoa and areas but the UNICEF proposal to give $44 Liberation Front in downtown Saigon. World Bank decided to press ahead and stated Can Tlio, an air base near Saigon and another milUon for mothers and children to all but This thing was the result of two years' the amount of aid to be given by non U.S. in the central delta region. In Saigon, Aus­ one of the administrations of Indochina exasperation in Vietnam, witnessing the sources was $400 million yearly with 70 per tralian aid dollars have funded the (GRUNK has been omitted) is much more in destruction, the systcriiatic destruction of a cent of the total foreign assistance to be in fluorldtttion of the capitals water, almost an the nature of even lianded, humanitarian aid. whole culture and this was not an acl of grants and 30 per cent in loans at 3 per cent obscenity in tlic context of human suffering This is surely one of the areas of aid giving courage but because of honesty towards over 30 years. and misery. tbat the Australian Government must ourselves and the Vietnamese people. For us continue to pursue more and more diligently. While we would agree that this type of Other Australian aid will be used to it was impossible to keep silent. aid is needed for South Vietnam, we must ask extend the national electricity grid for the We were beaten on the spot to un­ who Is it going to and how will it be used? Vietnam Power Company, provide beach consciousness; wc were beaten in prison, wc Will it be used for tlie reconstruction of the mining equipment and advice, and assist in were beaten during the trials on Dcccmbcr-8, country and for the people who most need it tlie mechanization of agiicuUuic, all of littie 1970. and assist eventual peace and reconciliation in assistance to the Vietnamese such as the We were taken from the prison to the Vietnam ?7 or.will it help to prolong the war 800,000 made refugees since the cease fire. court of the third military icgjon and put in and the suffeiing. Australian telecommunications aid appears front of (out judges - two generals and two even more blatantly to be primarily assisting This money is to be given direct to Thieu colonels. Wc spoke Vietnamese but they the development of the Saigon National imposed an intcipictci, who was an old man to be used as he sees (It. There was no Police network. attempt made by the World Bank to acknow­ who would tianslate what he wanted to ledge or uivolve the P.R.G. (Provisional Rev­ Thus, while the Australian Government tianslate into Vietnamese and not what we olutionary Goveinment) in discussions or piously hopes the Peace Agreement will be said. plans for the use of this money so we must implemented, it has done nothing to seek Wlien we saw that, wc spoke directly in question this type of Multiiiational md. With­ such implementation, like withholding aid or Vietnamese and fiom tlial moment on we out the hivolvement of the P.R.G,, who were making it conditional upon respect for the were gagged by the Vietnamese mililary Agreement. Incredibly, whUc contbiuing to reco^sed hi the Paris Peace Agreement as continued page 18 having not only provisional but equal legit­ financially support Thieu, Whitlam will not continued from page 17 juridical peace fot the struggle - that is the Paris Peace Agreement - and they arc stiuggl- ing for this. And the new measures of Thteu, police, and then as we tried to protest in front the marial law, the arrests show how he is of the press - UPI, AFP, AP, Reuters - they obliged to strengthen more and more even in were filming and taking pictures, we were the tanks of police and the aimy. He 14 step handcuffed and dragged out of the court­ by step alienating his political base, his room. Wc heard that we had a four year and a political force. three year sentence. And if that kind of thing happens for What does it mean also to continue the foreigners, known already you can imagine wai, to prevent communication the liberty of the icind of fair ttial the anonymous Viet­ chcuiation between the two zones which are namese political prisoners have. tighUy ovetbgping? Wheie docs it lead to When I came into the prison (Chi Hoa, keep In jail 200,000 political prisoneis? It h two and half miles from Saigon] there were to touch how many tens of tiiousands of 5000 prisoners. When I left two and a half families and fiiends andielativcs outdde, who ycais lalei there wcie 9600; the population aie stniggling for tiic ficedom of these had almost doubled, and when I left 6O0O oul piisoneis according to Uie Paris Peace Agree­ of 9600 were political prisoners; ment The pacification program of the police There are 552 official jails, according to is to bring new poUtical pnsoneis hi jail. But Senator Edward Kennedy. A Saigon deputy where docs it lead to? It Is coUapsuig. and a Catholic father liavc estimated the The economy is already in complete number of Ihe political prisoners as over collapse. Ten devaluations of the local money 200,000. And General Thicu says he lias no in one year. More than 300,p00(?) un­ political prisoners! employed; people who are not in the con­ Over 200,000 political prisoners are now centration camps but in other areas controlled in Thieu's jails; 4000 have been released only; by Saigon. new arrests arc taking place. The solution, they say, JS to develop All the friends i met in prison are still in agriculture. How can they develop agiicultute prison, two of them have died in the 15 when aU the natural resources, mainly montlui since I was released. agricultural, have been systematically The only way the Saigon regime can destioyed by the aggressor to make these survive and prolong war when peace has been people dependent on the aggressor? signed is to teiioiise people. Neutralists are ^'Destruction of locks and dams however labelled pro-communist, people who are - if handled right - might... offer promise. speaking out for peace, for the implementa­ It should be studied. Such destruction does tion of the Paris Peace Agreement, are not kill or drown people. By shallow flooding labelled communist, are arrested, put in jail. the rice, it leads after (a) time to widespread llie problem of political prisoners cannot starvation (more than a million?) unless food be solved unless theie is whole implementa­ is provkied - which we couM offer to do at tion of the Paris Peace Agreement; the full the conference table." - John McNaughton, im|)lcmentation of all the provisrans of the Assistant Secretary of Defense; Some Vaiis Peace Agreement Observations about Bombing North Vietnam, In prison we sliuggled, lesisted. Tbe prison Januaiy 18,1966. was called the lehabllitaUon centre. The The hl^lands have been completely policy of the authorities was to reeducate us. defoliated and it is vety improbable tiiat the We had to salute the flag, to stand at ecology of this area will ever become Uke it attention at 6.00 in the morning when the was befoie. They have destroyed the canopy flag was raised. We had to stand at attention of thejun^e. when they sang military marches of the Thieu In some parts the B-52 bombings regime. The Vietnamese political prisoners destioyed the arable areas and people are now had to answer political questions weekly. brmging eailh from miles away (in baskets on Wc had to struggle for daily food, the poles across theh shoulders). Even after there ration of food was decieasing, and we had to is a teal peace people will continue to die shout slogans for better food. We had to resist because of unexploded bombs turned up by deportation to Con Son Island prison for the the ploughs. sick and the old, because for them this (3io Litih, the last city north before the deportation was isolation, it was death; it was DMZ (Demilitarised Zone) - lunar crateis, a matter of Ume, but it was death. / engrave in this burning heart smaU tiees bumt, eveiy two square meties has We had to struggle for better conditions The days of starvation at Con Son been pounded. The special units of the for the children kept in prison. There was an Ideals of eight spoonfulls of rice American army have saaped the land with education system. People were arrested bulldozers caUed Rome ploughs. The pretext illiterate and the struggle was to give a course Burning my stomach. was to deny shelter to the enemy; its effect is of literacy. One cup of water for five people to destroy the present vegetation and jeopai- We were smuggling out documents, letters, Burning my throat dise futuie use of the land. reports - and some of them got published in An example of their cynicism; they the foreign press - smuggling in medicine and ploughed a peace sign on the land which you food from outside. days of torture. He was a union leader. The uniform, and the napalm. The other face is could see froni the air. We were beaten on April 26,197l| during conditions in the prisons are getting worse. the police and the prison. Bombs to create immediate zones for a demonstration of thousands of political In Vietnam I saw the most teirible bee of With the signing of the Paris Peace Agree­ helicopters to land, cuttmg trees at the pxi^nns foi bcttei food. We were sent to a fascism but 1 teamed also hope and it is about ment the direct face has disappeared. The ground level; they call these "daisy cutters". solitaiy confinement cdl and beaten tiut that I want to speak now. other face is strengthening, the police and the They tiied to provoke giant firestorms, but it lepeatedly during two days. On another strike The Paris Peace Agreement has been prison, and the United States is still interven­ didn't work because the jungle was too wet. we were sent to a psychiatric hospital wheie signed, and nuihy ftiends whose life and ing diiectiy in the internal affaiis of Vietnam. And how can they develop the agricultuie we stayed six days and were beaten a^n, and stiuggle foi many yeais has been on the side According to the terms of the Raiis Peace when all the peasants are kept in the concen- then we were sent back to Chi Hos prison. of the Vietnamese people see how they (the Agreement, m South Vietnam there are two tiation camps, and freedom of movement is And from that moment letteis snuggled out Saigon regime and its allies) are going to administiations on equal ground, recognised not aUowed? in France and the United States and printed violate the Paris Peace Agreement, as they internationally in the final act of the Paris Then there are the mdustiles. What kind in newspapers focussed attention on us and violated the Geneva peace agreement, and conference. 12 big powers have acknowledged of possibiUty is there for foreign companies to we were not beaten again. those friends are now depressed. that there are two administiations m the mvest when the war is still going on? A We peisonally were not toituicd l>ccausc I think the Paris Peace Agreement reflects South - the Provisional Revolutionary factoiy can be built ui two montiis, it can be we wcie foreigners; but when you hear every a lealily. The Geneva agreement reflected a Government and the Saigon government. The destioyed in five minutes. The economy is in night your friends announcing in the hospital reality also. But 1973 is different from 1954. only solution for peace in Vietnam can be the a blind aUey. ward the deaths of new prisoners, and when In 1954 all military troops of the implementation of the Palis Peace Agiecment. Thression; organising thenuehres in the jails in beatings of the chest so that the victims spit Filipino and Thai and some Australian and regime, which is based on tenor to survive, a real netwoik of resistance. Mood and so that the lungs are affected. After New Zealanders leave, while the resistance which keeps in jail 200,000 political prisoners Vety smaU people united to win; they sevoal months oi years in a damp ceU with force stay here. - the responsibility for not speaking about don't caie how long it takes. They can win very little food and no medicine, tuberculosis In 1954 in Cambodia and Laos the two the six million refugees hi the camps which militarUy and of coutse politicaUy agauist one will develop. governments were hostile to the struggle for have become leal prisons. of the biggest wai machuies in the woild, It is a way to I^Uy get rid of poUtical national libeiation foi democracy. In 1973 it Australia, like France, has a direct which, except for nuclear weapons, has tiied opponents. In a hospital ward where there is was completely different in Qimbodla and responsibility in the war in Vietnam, physical everything and failed. no medicine and no doctor, day after day Laos. bnohement if you want, and now continuing They say they consider the jails a new Ihcy weaken and die, like one of my friends Now the northern part of the countiy of the involvement indirectly m another way. front fot democracy. In fact the jail is the who died on January 5, 1973 in Chi Hoa so Vietnam is a real base against any kind of You have heard about the Worid Bank aiea that Saigon contiols the most utterly and called hospital ward. After three years in jail attempt against against aggression. They have project, the secret meeting of the Woild Bank inside the piison you have the resistance. You without trial he had tuberculosis and no shown in December 1972 that the most in Euiope wheie the United States is tiying to have the PRG flags m Jails, in the ceUs, during medicine. powerful strategic air foice in the world could laise a multinational aid program to Saigon the anniversary of the birth and death of The soapy water; 1 vntnessed this tortuie. be defeated. The US administration was now. And the Australian delegation was the President Ho Oil Mhih for example. They brought the political prisoneis, made forced by the Vietnamese people and by all third largest at this meeting, lepiesented by In Uie jiuls, in Uie cdls, they dng National them lie down on a wooden bench, tied to the their friends and all the people struggling for top level personalities. libttation Front anthems. In the jails they bench, and they would maintain their mouths h'berty and democracy in the worid to sun The tascist presence Is not a sign of educate themsdves; people anested illiterate open with a lag and then the policeman the Paris Peace Agreement and to lecognise stiength, it's a si^ of weakness. aie taught how to write and to lead hi the would pour continuously on theii face soapy this leality. But what are the prospects for them? Will cells. One of my friends learned Endish and water so that finally if the prisoners wanted Theie weie forced to sign it. Now they are it work? What does it mean to continue the French Uiere. So Utese people, aa bom to breath they had to absorb the water; after tiying to maintain more than 25,000 advisois war for the Thieu legime? havhig been destroyed, Uieir spirit of sbu^e several minutes they would stop, gag the theic, pouting weapons, $1 billion of US aid First, militarily, they see they have now to is greater Uian before. They have become mouth, and hit under the ribs and on the this year, financing the prison systems, direct face another army, the resistance, which reaUy potential leaders and political cadies in stomach with an elbow or a Icnee to promote tiaining of the police, tialning of the police in defeated both them, and their allies, when the prison. the vomiting of the liquid through the nose. telecommunications. The ptesent system, the they wete theie. Now the Americans ate not police tiaining is still utterly financed by the You have to know which force fought foi Putting people hi shackles for months, thete, the B-52s have disappcaied. What kind the Paris Peace Agieement and bled for years, with the impossibility of moving the American administration in violation of the of.hope of a militaiy victoiy do they have? Paris Peace. Agreement. The mahi responsi­ decades for the Paris Peace Agreement and legs, so that the muscles of the legs literally Since the signing of the Paiis Peace Agree­ which wcie forced by Uie militaiy and melt, and you become paralysed. bility foi the detention of these prisoners is in ment, soldieis aie put in jail because they the United States administration. poUtical situation to sign. In whose Interest is Shackling people, their hands and feet refuse to go into nibbling operations on the it to Implement the Pails Peace Agieement? together, leaving their exaement on the spot^ Most of the prisons hi Vietnam have been liberated aieas. Any attempt to nibble on the It's not the economic inteiests of the without the posabllity to wash aniTdean tfie bidit with American doUais. The prison which liberated aieas has been a veiy haish United States, it is political interest. Vietnam cells, disease spreading. And not only do I was hi was built partly by the Japanese experience for the Saigon, army. They never poUtically means something to the US in people keep their human dignity and uy to fhsdsts, another part completed by the manage to succeed. terms of the world. Vietnam represents the maintain common hygiene, also when their Fiench cdonlalists, and the Amoicans built Inside tiie aimy itself Thieu Is mote and stiuggle of many a movement for libeiation. pyjama burned by the sweat fell apart, they the third part where the women were kept mote isolated. Recently 15 geneials wete Vietnam Is a flag speakmg to people in Guhiea take pcices of material out, n piece of thread In Con Son Island the fiist tlgei cages were shifted in a tow and that shows the military Bissau, and Mozambique, these people and a piece of fishbone used as a needle and built by French oolonlaUsts, the new one built isolation of Genetal Thieu, who sunounds identify with Vietnam. sew then pyjama, to keep theb human digmty in 1971 were built by an Ameilcan company himself with relatives, lilends, nephews, just hifiontoftheguaid. And step by step the Vietnamese people - RMKBRJ Company (Raymond, Moirison, as Ngo Dhih Diem, the foimer dictator, was aie achieving, gohig towards real Independ­ The Parfa Peace Agreement has been Kanutsin, Brown, Root and Jones) - with suitounded by his family. ence, national independence. The Pails Peace signed and Article Eight of the Agreement $400,000 Ametican. And these oie places What does it mean also, poUtically, to Agieement has opened, wider Uum before, Uie says that all of these prisonen should have where men *[women, chUdrenj ore systemati­ conthiue the war when peace has been dgned door towards this Uidependence, and It is an been released. But not only have they not cally destioyed, day after day, methodically. and when Ute population wants peace, wants Irreversible phenomenon. been released but new aiiests oie conthiulng. At the top of every prison, after the Paris national reconclMion and concoid, wants to These people are winning. And I would Duilng the IS monlhs whidi elapsed since the Peace Agreement, there b still an American reunite families apart hi the South, apatt in signing of the Agieemcnt, two of my fiiends advisor. say' now m«e tiun wer we are winning with the NoiUi since 1954? them, and we must give Uiem our support It died In Chi Hoa piisom One of Uiem died in Theie aie tvw) faces hi the war hi Vietnam. • These people know that peace has been the National Police headquaiteis after thiee IS Uie message 1 want to bring to you &om The direct a^ession the bombs, the troops ht signed. They have a legal peace, a legjl them. A nFPiiknF BEING REFLECTION 5-Kr™rS AND PROPHECY REVIEWED UPON THE LONG MARCH OF THE RADICAL MOVE­ MENT WITHIN THE UNIVERSITY

active members of the radical movement have disappeared to, and what changes in theii approaches to life have occurred since leaving the movement. BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION —Many of the "ex-radicals" who were once part of a movement which Dr Jim Cauns believed to be politically very significant and which had been des­ bruce dickson cribed elsewhere as the most serious and intellectually advanced in Austialia, can now be found most nights engaging in the pursuit of pleasure either by (I) guzzluig beer in the Royal Exchange Hotel, The main intent behind conducting these mterviews was to offer to those 0R(2) peipetually talking of how "bad" Brisbane is rather than changing it sludents and staff who were not present during the relatively exciting events of 0R(3) rumour mongermg over'who has fucked who' and under what circum­ the sixties an opportunity to hear from people who played a role in the actions of stances, or alternatively finding enjoyment in other people's unhappiness that era. These people were asked to reflect on the significance of those days and difficulties or problems, also to contribute their current views on the state of our society. (Their answers 0R(4) discovering where the next "rort" (party) is on - NB, a "party" becomes are ui response to a common set of questions published herein.) a "rort" as soon as this crowd turns up, The people I invited to participate in the uiterviews were logical choices. They OR(S) glorifying "madness", being a "fucked person", a "degenerate" etc because were chosen from: by doing so they can attempt (6 lationalize away any more realistic a$.sess- (a) those who had been most vitally involved in the radical movement right ment of what they really are doing with their lives, from its earliest years. Among the names that immediately came to mind here were 0R(6) interacting with each othei on Ihe most supeificial of levels. This being true Dan O'Neill, Peter Wertheim, Brian Laver, Mitch Thomson and Peter Thompson, regardless of whatever outward impression a casual observer may gam when all of whom in my view comprised the backbone of the movement then (regardless looking at the incestuous nature of their lifestyle, of whether they may feel it correct or desirable for themselves to be described in 0R(7) engaging in constant "put downs" and cynical, non-creative thinking or ot­ such a manner). herwise whatever else is necessary to avoid facing up to themselves and what From this group, Dan O'Neill and Peter Wertheim were readily available to part­ they ha\'e become, i.e., in general,deveIoping whatever mental states they icipate and their responses are published on the pages that follow. In addition, the can find which temove them fuiihei from the possibility of introducing cha­ views of Merle Thornton who has been poUtically active in Brisbane for many years nges which could transform their whole vacuous mode of life. (As well as are included. . that of others caught in similar traps.) And (b), otherpeople on campus at the time who might ptesent a different per­ Many personal tags could be applied to this group of people, (e.g. man­ spective because of the varied positions from which they were able to view the pro- ipulative, exploitative, selfish, self-indulgent, repressed, nihilistic, fatalistic, ceeduigs - in this case — Bob Wensley and Professor Webb. escapist - in fact anti-radical) and it is arguable that most would be As it turned out only five interviews were able to be included even though six correct. Some of the persons within this group actually take.pride in were sought,with the lesult that the petspective of otie intellectually important describing themselves in such terms. and active on-going group on campus has been lost because they declined to part­ These people through their action(s) (or inaction) have shown that the icipate. (This was unfortunate when it is considered that another intention of the they are not interested in acquiring a radical understandmg of their own interviews was to initiate a new dialogue amongst those persons stiU active psyche, of their alienation from themselves and from one another. With­ politically.) out such a radical understanding (i.e. one which delves into the roots of the One othei factor becanle a major consideration in gaining the participation of the problem) they will never break free of t)ie forces repressing them (and Dan, Peter and Merle. Even though the old radical movement of which they were all of us), of their fears, and of their present selves. a part has broken up, all three have continued to exhibit a positive spirit in their If all that I have said about these "members" of the old movement approach to life and its problems. They continue to recognize the vital need for is even partially true, then it is difficult to escape the conclusion that greater effort to be directed towards achieving radical social change. they were never really a genuine part of the radical movement to begin with. Why the possession of such a spirit should even be an important consideration I feel can be undeistood once it is known and lecognized where many of the once continued page 20 continued from page 19. Possibly their definition of what really constitutes intellectual thou^t. should be re-examined occasionally. (On this pohit much can be leamt from Mao Tse-Tung s Having suggested this, I may come under fire for apparently being self- approach which is often attacked as being "anti-intellectual" when in fact it is righteous, for being "presumptious", for "sitting in judgment" - however anything but that within the context of Chinese society). , judgements do have to be made in life • those I have been speaking of do Most social theories,which are never put to Uie test of life and I don t mean it all the time. - Our real concem should be in the substance of our "reality" as defined by conservatives, are' useless. Our universities are fiill of the­ personal statements (although being critically aware of one's own deficien­ ories. Some arc possibly very important but no radical attempts at their practice cies and genuinely seeking to change for the better is obviously always of as yet, have occurred (i.e., attempts which did not conform to existmg oppressive great imporlance even if rarely undertaken). beliefs.) My purpose in raising the question of what happened to this group If we were to place our faith in one of Marx's theories and all sit and wait for w,is to attempt to learn from their histories • what it is that can go wrong, the collapse of capitalism supposedly to be brought about as a result of a crisis . and what a new radical movement in order to succeed would need to arising out of its inherent contradictions, we could all die of old age. Regardless overcome within its own ranks in future. of how bleak (or to some encouraging?) the economic situation appears to be for One le-sson is immediately apparent and that is that rather than allowing those in the West at present, it should be obvious from experience that capitalism what has been described as the "death trip" of this particular group to usually avoids near (?) collapse because it has always been able to (by some means subvert any new movement for liberation in Brisbane, all those, "positive" - oppressive or otherwise) adapt to the situation at the last minute to avoid de­ forces which do remain (as well as those who wish to join Ihcm) should feat. OR - alternatively, if this skill at "adaptability" (combined with co-option now come together in an attempt to mount a fresli attack on the barriers and manipulation of the people) were no longer able to be used successfully, the lying between all of us and the achievement of a more humane society. system can quite easily resort to its ultimate weapon viz., the immensely power­ ful social control mechanisms (violent or otherwise) it already possesses through In the process of fonnulating the questions for this interview I found its monopoly of technology and of the social sciences. myself forced to think carefully about what they seek to discover, and later I felt il wouldn't be inappropriate if I was lo also herein offer some Couple the use of these with an obvious contempt on the part ofthe oppressive of my responses. 1 hoped that this too might help stimulate the type of elements in control of the system, for other human life and human values,and discussion many of us are seeking. where does this leave us? We are left taking the only "sane" course of action pos­ sible in the face of such and that is - setting out to appeal to the power of reason It should already be apparent that one of the great shortcomings of in the human race (subject to the prior destruction of the existing oppressive soc­ the radical movement at Quecnsland University has been the failure or ial mythologies which distort our reasoning capabilities), and to those better qual­ inability of its members to manifest in their own personal lives much of ities presently lying repressed or unreleased within us. This is not easy. the sound and important values which it has proposed all others adopt. However 1 still believe that only a radical movement involving many However the only alternative to placing our faith and hopes in the ability of people and offering genuinely humanistic and libertarian alternatives, most human beings to change and transform themselves on a scale sufficient to re- is the answer to the advances being made by the oppressive and gam control of their lives, is despair leading to madness. repressed "thinkers" of the right who currently control our lives. As I have suggested the central question remaining (which is most often left un- tackled in any serious and intelUgent way by the Left) is through what actions do The essence of the alternative view which a movement needs to offer we achieve such social change - change in values, in perception, and in lifestyle - is the understanding that the greatest human need is control of our own which would lead to power being removed from our oppressors. lives coupled with adequate opportunity for all to understand the real nature of the problems we will always face, and of how to overcome The development of such a theory of social action which would be rooted in these. - All social problems today can be more easily understood within our own Australian societal experience has never been adequately attempted. To this framework. understand what is really needed here, much can be learnt from Paulo Freire in his Pedagogy of the Oppressed. (This book as Dan O'Neill has suggested in the past, Control of our own lives (but not of others') cannot be achieved via should be essential reading for all students and staff.) a single victory. There will always be a need for humanity to overcome the potential "oppressor" lying within all of us and to constantly work Freire sees "dialogue" between humans in order to "name" the woild as the at transformation of our society and ourselves. means to achieving liberation or what he calls "conscientization".(The term con- For continuing success here, a radical movement needs to attempt to scientization refers to leaming to perceive social, poUtical and economic contra­ break down the mythology which blinds us, so as to leave us free to work dictions, and to take action against the oppressive elements of society.) This is • for such a goal. The movement also needs to draw out in itself and in the basis of his dialogical theory of action. others the following human qualities : empathy, sensitivity, humility, '"Dialogue is the'encounter between wofmen, mediated by the,world in order to faith in people and in reason, love and co-operation. The movement must be pro the name the world. Hence dialogue cannot occur between those who want to name collective egalitarian and communal spirit and anti the competive spirit as well as tbe world and those who do not want this naming - between those who deny other selfishness, all forms df human oppression - particularly of one sex over the other, wofmen the right to speak tiieir word and those whose right to speak bas been den­ the false belief that our greatest pleasure is derived from wielding power (in any ied them. Those who have been denied theur primordial right to speak their word form) over others. A preoccupation with ownership of material (or the more hum­ an) possessions, the consumer ethic, must be challenged also. must first reclaim this right and prevent the continuation of this deltumanizing ag­ gression. The movement must exhibit consistency between its words and actions and If it is in speaking their word that men transform the world by naming it, dia­ also always seek to discover weaknesses in its theory & practice.In my view, pre­ logue imposes itself as the way in which men achieve significance as men. Dialogue occupation with theory and too little concem with practice (or how social change is thus an existential necessity." based on those theories can be achieved) has been the greatest weakness of most sections of the radical movement in Queensland and Australia. (One possible excep­ One barrier to be overcome to achieve maximum success through engaging in tion here would be the women's movement.) Many people on campus have been "dialogue" is the mythology fed to the people by the oppressive elements. TTius so consumed by their desire to always think on what they regard as a high intellec­ Freire argues that the task of revolutionary "leaders" is to pose as problems all the tual level, that they have become divorced to such an extent from what we exp • myths used by oppressor elites to oppress. However, at the same time, revolution­ erience every day that a connection cannot be found,and probably never will be ary leaders cannot believe in the myth of the ignorance of the people -"they found between their theories and any potential application of them. cannot believe that theyand only they know anything - for this means to doubt Uie people", and have no "faith" in them. Radical leaders and movements must not sloganize but must enter mto dia- logue.with the coihmuhity at large. "The object of dialogical-libertariah action is not to 'dislodge' the oppressed from a mythological reality in order to 'bind'them to another reality. On the contrary, the object of dialogical action is to make it possible for the oppressed, by perceiving their adhesion, to opt to transform an un­ just reality." Learning how lo "name" the world must be done with the people and not for them if manipulation - the technique of the oppressor is to be avbided which it must be. In my view the most important task that radical movements in (Queensland have failed to tackle in a systematic way is the destruction of the current mythology. As Freire states "in order for the oppressed to unite, they must first cut the um­ bilical cord of magic and myUi which binds them to the world." 1 believe that only by doing this can they really see the world and really be in a position to perceive the alternative forms of society which are possible. If radical movements try td present their concept of the ideal society to the people before they have destroyed the misconceptions about the present society which are blinding the people, they are putting the cart before the horse. An approach to social action is needed which first recognises the nature of the existing consciousne^ m the particular society in which the movement exists. (As Freire suggests in order to adequately do this it is essential to have an increas­ ingly critical knowledge of the current historical context, the view of the world held by the people, the principal contradiction of society, and the principal aspect of that contradiction.") Such a specific knowledge of a social experience cannot be imported from another society. To my knowledge no radical group (other than .the feminist movement at times) in Australia has ever done this properly and this factconstitutesa fundamental failing. CThe successes of the women's movement ui my view have occurred because they have had this understanding and have crea­ ted political programmes welded to the reality of many women and with which it is possible for women to identify.) However, if the movement were to gain such a knowledge the next step would be to expose existing mythology and then offer to people the altemative of view­ ing their experiences in a broader context - a context which the radical movement would argue is more desirable and which is based on a non-oppressive, non-heirarch­ ical, non-competitive view of humanity. Ralph Nader has always adopted such a three pronged approach to achieving change and he (by cpntrast) has seen some success. Many in the radical movement branded him as a '^reformist" before he visited this campus to address students and staff some years ago. The truth was that Nader had an approach to social action which was highly intelligent and even "theoretic­ ally strong". That many of his critics on this campus later grasped this fact became clear on hearing their revised assessments of hjs position after he left. One of the greatest misconceptions people suffer from in Australia is their view that politics'plays a limited role in their lives (other than in tiie cost of living and level of their wages) and that consequently they are not interested in discussing it. This misconception provides a formidable barrier for a radical movement to tackle since if it is not destroyed any hint that what Uie movement is doing is of a political(e.g.'communist') nature could alienate the peison the movement wis­ hes to undertake a dialogue with. One solution (once the nature of Ihe people's experience is understood) wbich has been and still is ignored too often by radical groups is to establish a starting . point for the political dialogue with which the person m question can identify. - Radical students who have bothered to try using this approach-have often been unsuccessful because they have been unable to fully appreciate theperspecUve in which the person they are talking to views the world. Alternatively in their attempt at a dialogue the radicals have failed to genuinely empathise with the other person. . • Once the mythology has been destroyed (who has ever tried asking whV China fa Jiot experiencing inflation-this fact alone must be worth unprejudiced contemp­ lation), the next important stage as w6 have seenis the development of an awarc- L Union Noticeboard Detail, 1969. cqntinued page 21 continued from page 20 At university level when the activities of radical groups are examined critically it becomes clear that they have persistently failed to help convert the idealistic and ness of the alternatives. To quote an example of how important just having the critical thought of many first year students (who hold the mistaken belief that the choice of an altemative view of the world can tum out to be - we can look at radical movement at Uni is alive and well) into action. They have failed also to un­ India - until the untouchables who were the lowest of the low in India's caste derstand the "world view" of these young students and once agairt have failed to sysletn were able to simply be presented with a new perspective which said "this follow the necessary steps of destroying mythology and creating real alternatives. doesn't have to be the way things are", they basically accepted the social system Ralph Nader has pointed out thai what many radical movements lack is a real­ in operation.as the way the world must be. That is,-"reality" - How many people ization that achieving radical change involves hard word and a high degree of organ­ in our sociely would realise that usury (profit making) in the middle ages was ization and that persistence above all things will be called for. As Freire says "rad­ considered to be a cardinal sin? - Sometimes the most simple alternatives in life ical leaders will not always win the immediate adherence of the people .... however arc the hardest to grasp. what has not borne fruit at a certain moment and under certain circumstances is Adequate presentation and discussion of alternatives can be cmcial to social not thereby rendered incapable of bearing fruit tomorrow." change. Ralph Nader recognises this when he presents to Ihe public thoroughly it is my belief also that radical groups have yet to leam how to communicate researched allemative information (something the radical movemerit knows very what they have to say using terminology or examples which relate to the experience little about) on matters of concern to them. In doing so he weakens many of the of those their words are directed at. Even when it is cither not desired to or not public's'previous beliefs (their faith in the big business and private enterprises for •possible to use different terminology fulfilling this criletion, then those words (often example) and potentially causes them to question some broader possibilities. He %motive^ words) which arc used should always be explained properly or adequately also offers the prospect of actually experiencing some level of success (following defined - This is rarely done. effort at social action) to those people who would possibly be contemplating whe­ Nader's criticisms with which I fully concur were definitely applicable to the ther they should either let their fears of the world overcome them and escape via approach of the greater number of people involved in the radical movement of the the Guru Mahara Ji, thus accepting the false notion that the type of worid we live in sixties at Queensland University. This movement when examining the failures of is not of our own making (see SMG leaflet "Fascism in the Counter Culture") many of its actions neglected to apply the vital principle that the problem to which or whether they should act on the worid in an effort to change it. you must first apply yourself is defined as whatever is found blocking your path. In presenting alternatives and in creating a dialogue situation the radical move­ In conclusion, I would like to once again quote Paulo Freire's obvious truth - ment must leam to fully utilize all those modes of communication open to it "Just as the oppiessoi, in oidei to oppiess, needs a theory of oppressive which are currently being used so successfully by oppressive elements against the action, so the oppressed in order to become free, also need a theory of action." people. A myth exists that in our "democratic" society choices do exist ~ the radi­ cal movement's efforts should be directed at ensuring that by presentation of alter­ This theory of action once achieved also must be directed not purely at an in­ native perspectives, choices really do exist. However these alternatives must be tem­ tellectual elite (e.g. university students) but at the community at large — the peo­ pered by practice. ple Queensland's radical movement has rarely been in contact with and has known Mao Tse-tung long ago recognized the importance of Marx's "dialecUc", when very little about. — "Joining the oppressed requires going to them and communi­ manifest in the form practice-theory-practice-theory-practice etc. Thought leading cating with them" to action (praxis) is the principle that has seen little application amongst many radi­ cal groups - their lack of significant success should bear witness to the fact that AU that remauis to be said is - why don't those of us who realise what is at in particular Uieir theory of action is inadequate (if not their social theory itself.) stake and who desire change - "DO IT!"

renew human life, the things tliat man did not cteate. We arc left with a debased enjoy­ GREAT COURT JULY 2ND, 1969 peter ment of the Ihings man did make. Not that these Uiings arc not of some worth', they are of some; but Uie sources of human good WERTHEIM and human renewal arc ^en to the world, not created by men. Our society in a long Ol want to answer your third question first, histotical ptoccss has to a great extent eroded because I believe that by so doing, I can say these "givcns". But those "givcns" remain Uictc more accutatcly what I want to say about the to be discovered, and in my view, they will be other questions. I want the weight in answer­ discovered under necessity - under the nec­ ing question 3 to fall upon our society not on essity of turning away from Uie despair which Communist and third world countries, though comes ftom focusing out eyes on what is Iti- I'll tefet fo them briefly. vial, and neglecting as I've said, the profound- Western society is, in my view, facing a maj­ csl soutccs of human good. or crisis or challenge, depending on which way In saying Uiis, il nnist be cleat that I be­ you look at it. The aisis is so great tliat it is lieve the crisis can be overcome or the chal­ impossible in a few moments to characterize it lenge met. Uut the meeting of the challenge adequately; but, in my view, one thing is cer­ may well involve very considerable disasters tain; in order to overcome this crisis, the pro­ before wc get thiou^i it. AH actions - by out- foundest cliangcs mast take place in the struck sclves, or people in the past - have consequen­ lures of our society, righl ihroughoul out poli­ ces. Wc are going to have to pay, and are al­ tical and social order and in the values that ready paying for, tlic consequences of actions underiic those structures taken in Uie past We cannot avoid (hat; part The crisis is at ils deepest level a spiritual of a realistic response to our present situation one. It concerns how men see thcii own in­ Is to penetrate to the heart of what's wrong, dividual and collective lives. What kind of in­ to recognize the consequences that must dividual andcollectivc life is wotth liwng, inevitably follow from Uiat, but to begin to wliat ate the soutccs from which men draw do what one can to build up a new set of their ultimate good, and what is their ultim- values, and a new set of human stiuctures. alc destiny? What is the relationship of men in my view, that's what has to be done if the wiUi nature? Ahd with God? crisis is to be overcome. The present dominant thrust of our soc­ Bticfly, about some communist societies' iety can be summed up by all that is wrong and the thitd world: the situaUon of Ihcsc with capitalism and capitalist values, taken in countries is much too vaticd fot mc to make the wide sciae. Amongst leading values of out any definitive comments, but it's clear that present capitalist society arc dominance, ag­ some societies ate in a quite diffctcnt situation gression, competition and acquisitiveness. from ours. I-'or example, China has never known These values are not only false und dcsttuc- capitalism in quite the way we "have; lls's un­ live In themselves, but they've largely dcsttoycd dergone a profound revolution. It still is essen­ the power of many people to apptcciate what tially communal in nature, h hasn'l been as is tfuly good in life: communiiy amongst pet- heavily industrialized as the Wcsl. il ha.sn't sons in woik, and in the enjoyment of life to­ been given over as profoundly to Western scien­ gether, communion wiUi and communiiy with tific hubrus and so its situation - in many nature and with God, the manifold enjoyments respects - is much better than ours. As fot ofthe capacities of man, of si^t, sound, smell the thhd world counttlcs, again thcit atuation hearing, touch; the enjoyment of nature in is so varied that it's impossible to comment these manifold ways, and the exercise of these at any length. One thing a number of thctn capacities In enjoyment with other persons; have to do Is to sec they do not fall under the exercise of Uie creative power of persons capitalist oppression, or that they resist as In work whidi is valuabk individually and to much as possible falling under the sway of the community and which is organized In a capitalism. They must fight - as some of them oomihunal and non-aulhoritarlan way. ate fighting - to cstabli^i within an indigenous .;It is because our present mode oflife has form of life (that Is stIU communal) reasonable The Great Court Debate on 'The Role of the University'. Seated from to a gieat extent destioyed oui powei to en­ goals of human material prosperity. However left: Bob Wensley, unidentified speaker, Peter Wertheim, Edwin Webb, joy these things, Uiit the task before us seems so great We arc cut off from the sources that continued page 22 Frank Varghese, Phil Richardson. 1 CIVIL LIBERTIES MARCH SEPT 8TH,1967

FRONT LEFT: Frank Gardiner (Union President, 1967), Peter Wertheim, Dan O'NeiU (under "degrees"); far right, Ralph Summy.

from page 21, Peter Wertheim was that the local and national society in which the kind of Chilean scenario is one that wc have One lesson which we can learn from that our university actions took place was itself to look forward to in Australia. None of these era Is that there is an obvious, even symbiotic these would retain theh vision that the essen­ much more resUicted in understanding than it realistic possibilities should blind us to tiie relationship between the radical group and the tial aspects of human life ate spititual, and is now - Uxat is to say,not only in out univer­ view that much has been gained. Wc have icfoimist gtoup in that while quite often at not material. By sphitual, I don't mean some­ sity, but throughout Australia, the new consci­ now, emeigutg al! ovei Australia, the kuid of that time when Uicy were at each oUifir's thing disembodKd, but a form of life between ousness of which I'm speaking has developed. Of conscnusncss and the kuid of dedication and throats, they were both dearly important to persons, between peisons and natuie and be­ course, it's stiU vety much a minority conscious­ committment whkh is necessaty befoie any Uie other. If you take Uie example of the Uni­ ness, Tlictc are gioups now, though, all over the sodal movement capable of bringing about versity when Uie official Students' Union was tween pcisons, nature and God. countiy - women's groups, environmental As for the Soviet Union, it docs share some profound changes in oui society, communal pressuig for reforms through the system. It was groups, black groups, prison tcfotm groups, art­ and uidividual lives may exist The next phase a significant help for what they were doing for common problems with us. It too, has to work istic groups - in which the new consciousness towards a truly communal form of life in whkh of the sUuggle is to deepen that consdousness the radical movement to be working outsiae has and is developing, Moieovei, within what link up the people who shaie it and buUd it the system m a completely diffcient way, but auUioritarian and elitist power relations ate might be termed 'status-quo' society, thete is eliminated, ll must break the stranglc-hold of into a social movement capable of deaUng wiUi btinguig very stiong pressure to beat on the a profound mood of unease about what is hap­ Uie racsstha t we've got outselves into, and same issues. And vice veisa: what the tcfotm- an authoritarian patty and a totalitaiian men­ pening. Complacency is ^ving way to a pio- taUty that thinks that human life can or diould the kind of crises economic and otherwise, that ists'were douig was of assistance to the radi­ found sense of anxiety and feai) feat that deep may in Uie near future fail upon us. t cals. I don't know wliat's going to happen ui be under the contiol of leadets who 'know'. diaries may be brought about m out society Having made some icmaiks about (Juestion fuhiie, but I thuik Uiat if those two different changes Uiat Uie status-quo feais, does not soits of groups realize Uiat they probably do Thtce, I can now more easily tum to Question understand, oi does not want This kind of One. need each othei, and spend less time diluting thmg is leading to the formation of groiips among Uiemsehres, and more tune k}oking foi dedicated to stoppmg change, gioups fiom a common ^und, Uiat would be a lesson weU To my way of thinking, the fiist yeais of conseivative consciousness Uiat doesn't undei- 1 stand what is going on. bob worth leammg. - die Movement ftom lOu^ly 1966 to the eariy IVe spoken of the need for gieater human seventies saw the first movement (on this cam­ These, then are changes ui the wide society understand and empathy on the part of Uie pus) of the human spirit towards understand­ that parallel to some extent the changes Uiat WENSLEY people w4io want change, whetlwr as ladkal mg the depUis of the present crisis and towards have taken place in the Univeisity conscious­ or reformist chaise. I thfaUc that's a very im­ moving to meet it But this eariy consdousness ness. I think the successes were significant, but no1t great. Let me treat the faiUngs first. portant lesson. did not understand the depUis of the crisis, and Now, one thing that we should have learnt, The most important lesson is that no amo­ in my view it's only in the last two ot three They were Uie faUlngs you'd expert of a young which I don't tjiink has been fuUy leamt from and enthusiastic movement which had very Ut­ unt of ideaUsm oi enthusiasm is of necessity yeats that on this campus and I think, thiough­ our earlier experience is that if our society is out Austialia - something of the teal depths of tle experience and lots of beautiful exuberance _ going to generate lesults. In oUier words, if to be transformed, it will have to be transform­ and idealism. In particular, the faUings were of people aie going for sodal change, I thmk the ctisis ot challenge befoie us has begun to be ed by what ui the Australian ciicumsUmoes is undeistood at depUi. the sort that were associated with law of pers­ tiieyVe got to leam quickly Uiat they won't a new social movement A social movement pective, lack of greater experience. The move­ get veiy far vety fast and accept Uiat fact, To mc those eaily yeais wete in a sense . built not on the 'right kleology' but on some­ be ptepaied not to gwe up after they've been transition yeais. ment, alUioudi it dumed to be veiy humaiu- thuig mudi more profound Uian that I think tarian, tended to be less than diis in its attit­ knocked back once, twice, tiuee and moie Much of Uic activity that took place did so that Uiis point Itas stiU not been giasped by udes towaids the people it opposed oi sought times and keep going. But this obviously has within the paiameteis of thinking of standaid all those people wlio foim ui my view the change fiom. I don't think it had enough em­ lo do with the depth of conviction, depth of poliUcs. Some of them of course, contained an matrix from which a genuine social move­ pathy foi othei people, it tended to see Uiii^ consdousness; if a movement can leain that impulse outside Uiat; but the question had not ment can glow. I thmk there aie people Ul tetms of black and white, not to see the lesson early, then it won't give iro too eaily been clarified. Nevertheless, those early years still about who think Uiat ideology must be othei peisons' point of view and not to appre­ as did happen heie. It didn t go fai enough weic crucial in developing the consciousness the centre of a social movement lather Uian ciate Uiat many of Uie older, establishment because it faUed to go fai enough fast enough. that we've now got - Uiat is, a consciousness somethuig that is in the seivice of a social people against whom they were woikhig had of what the real dimendon of the problem ot movement Mmd you, until they give that up, good and valkl reasons foi beuig the swtof problems ate. they wiU remain to that extent part of tiic pro­ ^I Uiuik the answer to this question is people they wete. Their appioach wasn't sym­ "yes". It's of less significance now and it's blem and not pait of Uie solution, Uiou|^ in padietic enough, and 1 Uiink at tunes It tend­ You make it dear that you personally be­ much of theii action of couise they will be dismtegiated to the extent Uiat there aie a lieve a substantial increase in the depth of ed to be very doctrinaire, very dogmatic and smaU number of isolated and different groups part of the solution and not part ik the for that reason, uihumane at times. consciousness has occurred within different problem. wotking in different ways where befoie Uieie participants bt the radical movement. Couldn't The second big faOuie is that the move­ appealed to be a much moie coherent and one possible outcome of this particular change ment to some extent failed to teach Uie sort lajger whole. I guess I'd say it's spUntered, in awareness (Le., to a greater understanding ^Yes under one description tiie radical • of i>eople Uiey should have reached - the rather than disintegrated and I thuik it's lost of the problems being facedl be to make the movement as we knew it in those years, has oidinaiy man in the stieet I don't reaUy a bit of the peripheial people who came in on prospect of achieving significant socbl change disintegiatcd. This is no loss, this is part of think they made a agnficant impact on Edna even more daunting? the dyntegration of the old world. In my Eveiadge. There was an increase in awareness view, a deeper radical movement has taken - whether this was because of the movement Bob Wensley, when candidate for Union Yes, I Uiink fot at least one stiand of person the place of the older, and that movement or that the student movement was part of a President in 1968. He subsequently be­ Uils is true. I think part of the reason for that with a bit of luck wUl begin to embody itself growing awareness which was there anyway, came President in 1969. lies in what I saW earlier about the way in which in more public actions over the next two or Tm not sure. But I beUeve that the mcrease our society has cut pcopk off from the sources thicc years. This movement will no longei be was spread thuily apart from a few concen­ of hope, renewal, liappuicss, satisfaction and confined to the campus, but wiU considei it­ trated pockets of Increased awareness. pleasure. My own belief is that as Uiosc sources self part of a nation-wide ladlcal movement arc returned to people, the sense of faith and On the oUier hand, the successes were ^^^^^H^^ of which the university people ate simply a that eithct because of Uils movement oi as hope, pwet and energy ncccssaiy to fight ag­ pari. ainst that despair will be returned to them also. I said because Uie movement was sunply Yes, there is amongst some sttands of stu­ part of something that was happening, theie Thus, the most important aspect of those dents, apaUiy, cynldsm and despaii. But that's was an uiaeased awoieness in areas where it IIPT^I^^^H early events (1966 to 1972) were that they Uiete to be oveicome. It's paitiy a resultant counted, paiticulaily hi political teims; and wete a period in which the inadequacy of what ^^^^^^Hr^^ftC^ . I'^-.'^c^^^^^H^H consequence of tetaining tne oldei foim of there's no doubt whatsocvet that what hap­ ^^^^^^^^^^BmJtM^ ., we were doing in various ways gradually be­ thought However, Uicie arc new cutients of pened ovet Vietnaffl,heie and in Ameiica ui .'.<7..;^dl^^^^^^H came borne ui on us, and that led the most student Ufe which arc not deeply toudied by paitlculai, led to om getting out. That's serious people in tbat movement to reach a that, though they are of course touched by the obviously a considerable success. Things new and deeper understanding of what the pro­ question of faith and hope before the profound have trailed off considerably since then, pos­ blems were. Ftom the failutesof the vaiious ^V^;;! nature of the problems that face us. sibly because now there Isn't the concrete is: forms of activism wc Icaint that the {Koblems To summarize, I do see a radkal movemenf sue to focus aiound that there was then. facing us wete mote ptofound than we had StiU in bemg, deeper in consckmsness than it ^^^^^^^K^'.: - -' '•'k'J .V" . - -^^^^^^^^^^^1 thought. They could not be touched or realized was before, and about to entei bito more fiuit- As far as achieving change in the Univer­ or overcome mcicly by action - or at best not ful actkm than it has in Uie past, piedselv be­ sity is concerned, I thhik the level of success ^^^^^^^^^^^^ * .t ..'^..^-s-^^^^I^^H the form of action Uiat we thought of then. cause its consck>usness is deeper. GWen the piob- there was vety much hi^er, and theie have ^^^^^.>4..'r'-V. v'','j''\'«3Rt^^^^^^^^H In saying this of course, I'm not saying Uiat kms fadng AustiaUa, I'm not saying that Uiis been significant structural changes hi the Uni­ ^^^^^^^^^^m'.' '• 'i' r. .. '''^^^H in Uiis unhrersity - in Its stiuctutes, hi the Uie ptesent conscbusness will be defeated in attempts which the Univeidly adminisbation ,••!-»> \. '.'^^^H mode of going on between students and staff, AusUalia ui the next few yeais. has quite honesUy made. In say the last two or even in the content of couiscs and Uie way they three yeats to open up channels of communi- ''i*^™ ^r. .''. '• ^^^^^^^H aio taughl. AU these thuigs have changed con- c^lt Is quite probably Uiat hi the next few catk)n and to moke sure Uiat certainly the udciably hi tlic lost ten years, largely because yeats AustnUa wlU undeigo - foi want of a Students' Unk>n is consulted on aU issues whk;h m of that movement and Its interactk>n with the bcttei teim a rightwin g or conservative badc- concern them - these obviously stem dhertly University. These changes, howevei, are rela­ lash and that tiiie scenario for people wiUi from what happened hi the late sixties and tively minor compued vrith the changes which the new thought will tw veiy haid. It's even eaily seventies. 1 Uibik you've got to chaUc '-fli await to be made, both In our unhers!ty« and conceviable hi the somewhat longei futuie, that up as a significant success, and that's a ^^^^^^H'^.f^l I^VsIr'^^^^^. V^^^^^^^^^Hl inourtodetyatlarae. Uiat unless wo can raise a sodal movement of much more localised thing than what I was' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H i.^^^H Another pobit about that earlier period Uie requhed strength and dcpUt soon enough, taUchig about befoie hi the outsMe scene. ^^^^^•^^^^^^^^»-j^^^w ••'J.m'''^^^^U: JMI^^H^^l^BI from page 22;-Bob Wensley \ key issues are those of sclf-iritciest. The vast majority of people in Ihc Western societies, one issue and liavc since gone. boUi the older generation who have come thr­ BIOGRAPHIES edwin 1 think it will probably revive naturaUy ougli the depression into good material times because of the 'pendulum effect' but mote and have accepted that they've won their fight impottantly, I think it must do so because and dcseivc to live in peace with material wel­ WEBB of the increasing pressures of problems at a fare; and also the younger generation who've Unwcrsity, social and world levels which wc known notiiing else, and have been bred to be­ 1Tti e fitst thing I'd like to do is make a com­ face. Tiiat's got to generate some sort of re­ lieve Uiat that's their God-given right;botfi ment that telates to both questions one and sponse, and its cither going to generate a res­ these generations wiU fight to retoin their mat­ Peter Wertheim isa lecturer in philosophy two. As you probably know, I've been in Uni­ ponse of apathy and cynicism a shrug of the erial possession. There wiU be an inaeasing at the University. His history of involvement versities aU my life and I've seen this alternat­ shoulders, or it's going lo generate a response concern wiUi self, and the wider social issues wilh radical activity on campus has been very ion of periods of intense poUtical awareness ^f more "activism. 1 think probably the former - the concern for one's btothcr - will become similar lo Dan O'Neill's. Peter's concem with and student activism and periods when stud­ is mote likely, but the latter could happen less. the important issues confronting humanity ents seem to be concerned with noUiing but - and I hope it docs. Looking at what it's I still think thcrc'U be a smaU group, Uierc and lite needfor a recognition oftheu' seri­ their studies. beliefs will be, if it levwes -1 suspect it's will always be genuine humanitarianism m the ousness has been reflected in such things as My last few years at school and first years Ukely to be much mote introspcctwe, concern­ community - these people will do their level the courses he has establislted. Along wilh Dan at University were in the pctiod of Uic Span­ ed with more local issues than with woild is­ best to ensure Uiat this trend is stemmed to he has been one of the most energetic and ish Civil War and of course, there was world sues of gieat and general firinciple with issues some extent. But I believe they'U faU, because prolific ofthe radical and activist writers on interest. I remember taking part in political closer to home aiia affecting the people in- Uic conflict between the honest idealist and campus as well as being one of the most demonstrations in support of the Spanish Re­ ' volved in a personal way which staivation and Uie pragmatist wiU mean that, as usual, Uie thoughtful. public and agauist so-called 'non-intervention* Uie war In Asia didn't do, pragmatist wUl win because he'U willing to use by the British Government. That continued I Uiink that's a trend which is veiy evident mote 'tricks of the trade', tf you like. Bob Wensley wos President ofthe Univer­ during Uie war years, and then immediately in what's happened since 1971,1972. People sity of Queensland Union in 1969 and since after the War in a period of Labour Govem­ ate wUIing to be actm, but they're less willing Do you ever feel (as Peter Wertheim does) then has worked bi the position of Assistant ment in England tadcUng tlie problems of to be acthre on broad problems. I still think that a change in people's world outlook towards to. the Vice Chancellor at Queensland Univer­ leconsttuction, the students seemed to have theie will lemain a small, veiy deeply commit­ a more humanistic perspective will be forced on­ sity as well as Editor of Univmity News He lost aU interest in politics. Now m a sense, ted group who wUl take a veiy broad petspec­ to Ihem by the circumstances of this crisis? In was once described by Frank Varghese in I think we've gone thiough a similar period here. Activism In Queensland and other tive, but Uiese people wiU becoiiie more and fact, the change could be so significant ihat it Semper 1970 as the "only Union President who has attempted to justify his policies and AustraUan Unhrersities leaUy arose out of more spedalist and tiieotist if I can put it in could lead to the creathn of a new and better society. actions in intellecntal terms and who is actu­ the problems of Viebiam and Conscriptkin; Uiat way, and more and more isolated from ally able to articulate an argument for 'mod­ when the war ended and a change of Govern­ the University community and the wider-com­ eration'not based entirely on petter consid- ment abolished conscription all that seem­ munity. Yes, but 1 thmk Uiat's a geneiation away. erathns of so called practicability." ed to die down. So Uiis rise and faU of acti­ As foi Uie ptesent, I believe that there ate The adjusUnent tequired of Uie adults aUve to­ vism is by now means a new thing. veiy many less students as indhriduals, ot in a day will be such Uiat it will be difficuU for Bob has been very active withm Ihe Aus­ gtoup, actively invoked ui any sort of political them to become completely new types of peo­ tralia Party in Queenshmd and stood as Its But now let me say somethhig specifically and sodal activity today than there were some ple; Uie kind of people that arc going to have candidate for the Senate in the recent Fede­ about the Queensland scene. Tlie period of five or six years ago. In a way, what's happen­ to exist in order to cope wiUi Uic next twenty- ral elections activism in Uic mid to late sixties started vety five years. clearly as a response to (a) Vietnam on the ing on a student scene reflerts what's happen­ Edwin Webb is the current Deputy Vice ing on a naUonal scene: up to the Labor victory worid scene; and (b) Civil Liberties on the Chancellor facademic) at the Univcrsily. He Queensland scene. You'U remember that the in 1972, there was a sweU of uicieasmg aware­ Do you thmk that a trend has already been has long exhibited a ready willingness to parti­ ness of sodal issues and a wantuig to thiow off in operation in which the mechanisms for con­ first gieat 1967 CivU Liberties match attrac­ cipate in and contribute to many ofthe more ted enomious numbeis of staff, as weU as the tiappings of the past. Labor came m with a trol existent in various institutions have been important disaisshns regarding Ihe quality of tightening theu- grip on people's Ihies or do you students. I myself was in that match and gush of good feeUng, sympaUiy and hope foi our education and the role ofthe Unhiersity (here was an intense interest in issues out­ refoim. I thuilc whars happening now is that fell they have loosened and that the people are in the community, etc., which have occurred now gaining more control over theu- lives? side the Univeisity. But the striking thing the sort of tiemendous cynicism and apathy over the years on campus. In fact, you will note was how rapidlyUi e local discussion turned which you see hi Britain has its palei countei- Ul his interview that he Uws one of those who to'uitemal UnWeisity issues. You'U lemem- part here in that many of the hopeful reform­ I Uiink there's been an increase in the in­ marched into the city in 1967 over the issue of ber the afternoon of the Great Court meet­ ists of 1972 are now reaUsuigtha t peihans Uie stitutional restraints; at the same rime thae's Cwil Liberties. mg (July 2nd, 1969) when teachmg was sus­ political system we have, regardlesso f vmich been a decrease in self-unposed lestiaints. Par­ pended, people came together and were al­ party is in powei, is sunply not capable of tack­ ticularly the younger generation is much more Merie Thornton & another member ofthe lowed free comment on 'The Role of the Ung Uie problems. short-term in its tliinking, much more hedon­ teaching staff who has long been btvolved with University". Lots of the comments related So, there's a letreat Into self. Theie is a istic Ul its outlook. That s not a aiticism, how­ prop-essive movements for social change. She not to Vietnam, but to things within the Uni­ greater concern with self-uiteiest which I Uunk ever, it's just an opinion; the result is that has been particukrly active withbi the femin­ versity: the lack of uitetcst in student piob­ IS vety evident on the campus. there's very little seU-disdpline. The star, then, ist movement. In fact it became clear during lems, the anonymity of Uie big university, Uie of authoritarian imposed disdpline has ascen­ the course ofthe biterviews that past actions lack of any mechanism fot making their views The people who aie concerned aie getting ded in response; there's a great plethora of in which Merle participated such as chaining more and more woiried; that maybe mey felt. And it seems to me that one of the things rules, regulations and edirts being disgorged herself to the public bar ofthe Regatta Hotel which has happened and seems to mc peima- won't be able to achieve anytiiing at aU, Uiat by all Uic bodies in authority all over the* in 1964, preceded the more "public"period theii very best efforts won't be able to stem nent is a change of attitude with itgaid to place. They're ceitainly wrapping people up. of the Fielmtm orientated mdical movement internal things. I myself try to encourage or­ the tide. As this feeling develops, 'fringe groups' I don't Uiink that's going to stop, eithei, the on campus by a good two years. As well, this sprmg 1^. This is one explanation of Uie 'Jesus ganizational changes; remember the question natural consequence of the ptoblems we're action plus the creathn that same year (aris­ of putting students on Facuhy Boards, the Movement' for example, which ui my concept­ going to face is dther a catyclysmic eruption hig out ofthe chainmgsj ofthe Equal Oppoi- ion Is not higWy realistic, though probably very democratization of departments, the creation in indhrjdual countries worldwide, or a vety tunities for Women A^txi^tion preceded the of consultative committees and so on. satisfying m a very personal sense for the peo­ natural ptogtession politicaUy towaids dirtat- contemporary "public" era of women's liber­ ple who choose to take that route. I don't oiship. ation on campus by at least five yean. Anot­ 1 think a lot of students would say that know that it's vety productive as far as social her Uttle known fact is Ihat the feminist acti­ The most likely poUtical ouUook (or Aus­ these have not leaUy been the success that they change which alTects other people is concern­ vities of those years accordhig to Merle occur­ Uiought they would - 'the forms are there, but tralia Ul the next ten yeais is a dictatorship of red as completely independent events - there ed. Again this goes back to my pouit of peo­ the Ri^t I don't find titat veiy attractive. it really doesn't make any difference'. Indeed, ple becoming mudi mote uitiospective, more being no formal or infornwl ties with the kft in recent years it's sometimes been difficult to The events tn Euiope in the thirties indicate movement on campus. concerned pethaps with setting theur own that hi times of gieat stress when people are find a students who's wiUing to go on a Faculty house in oider, having Uieir own muids in a faced with a multitude of problems which A t the end of last year Merle was also larg­ Boatd. But what I think is real is the change in state of satisfaction and less concerned with they realise that they cannot solve themsel­ ely uistrumental in establishing the first "for­ attitude Ul many parts of the Univeraty to the what's happenbg ui India and Vietnam and ves, they will accept veiy stiong very rigid mal" women studies course al Queensland' importanceof student views. Before that time, beyond theu own smaU circle. I think you auUioritarian impoations. Univenity in the Sociology-Department' I think the majority of membeis of the Profes­ can characterise the present situation on cam­ sorial Board would simply dismiss the idea Uiat You hear talk of "Future Shock": one of (even though Peter Wertneim's earlier philoso­ pus as about 95% apathy and self-interest phy courses had toudied on this area). Since if you wanted to make a change you would the problems of a free sodety is that you have find out what students thoudit Those who are involved are hi Freeways, Abo- many more dedsions to make. Psychologically then as a result of Jurther initiatives oy Merle rifpnes, Women's Rights," localised uiterest for a lot of people, the fewer choices you and olher feminist staff members and stud- Even if it may stiU be difficult to get tiinn- groups. have to make, the less difficult youi Ufe. Speak­ entsjaccrediied women '$ studies courses on ges at least there is a consciousness that one ing to people, I get the feeling that lots and Ihis campus have reached the most advanced of the factors hi the situation is the viewpoint OA lot of what I've been saying leads up lots of Australians would be piepatcd to ac­ stage of any in Australia. of the student body. So I think the internal to the Uiiid question, namely whether there's cept those impositions. effects of a period of activity which started Dan O'NeiU is a member of the University's from outddehas certainly been reaL any major significant Uueat to our society as In Uie vety short-teim poUtically, I think lecturing staff and throughout his years of in­ it stands. I think Uie very definite answer to that whit will happen is Uiat the Labor Govem­ volvement with the radical movement has con­ Uiat is "yes". There's a vast threat to our soc­ ment wai go out withui the next twelve mon­ tributed greatly to the areation of a higher le­ ^You ask me in these questions whether the tety, to the whole of Uie Western woild. We\e ths and it will t>e consigned to the back ben­ vel of intellectual thought on campus. Just one radical movement has diantegrated. Of course, reached a pouit now wheie Uie expectations - ches for a generation at least and Uut the ri^t- high point of his invohement with the left I'm not so in touch with student poUtics and whidi the system has buUt mto our present wing group within the ptesent oppoation wfll was the publication by himself and a hrge Union factions and so on as your other inter­ generation aie now be^nning to be seen by become very much more domuiant wiUiui the body of libertarian thmkers ofthe radical viewees wiU be; but I certainly do get the sense more and more people as simply unachievable govemment critique ofthe University called Up the Right that we're going thiough one of these periods - and this is a shocking reaIJz«tk)n-to many: It will gain in suppoit, lathet than lose in Channels r/P 70;. when there's a certain amount of poUtical a- Uie fart that the system doesn't seem to be support. Beyond that, I wouldn't Uke to guess. pathy - that the mzuority of students regard capable of continuuig, for mstance, to pro­ candidates for Union elections as.'play-acting' duce mote and moie goods and services at a and not as reptesenting any thing "that s got cheaper and cheaper ptlce (the economic ex­ real meamng outside. Though in another sense pectation of the growth ethic). I think it's 1 do see signs of ical intciest in pioblems fac­ inevitable that this happens, but it comes as uig the wofid and this links up with youi somethuig of a psychological shock when you third question. have been btought up to believe that this trend has to go on and wUlgo on. You suddenly Olnaeasuigly many people arc rcalbdng that . lealise that theie are ui fact Umitations on as weU as the 'conventional' political ptoblems what any sodety can do hi terms of its mat­ which liave faced Western society - and these erial and human resources. The Westem Indus- have not of course disappeoted, thete oie stUl ttialised nations are g<^g to have to take a exticmes of wealUi and poverty throughout substantial cut in their thing standaids. People Uie woild and in Austialia - there are other are going to be vety veiy loaUie to accept Uiis, problems which the Communist and Western but In die dynamic process of it comuig about worlds wUl have to face. anyway, there wiU be tremendous in-fiihting ' • Tlicse arc the problems of oveiiiroduction between individuals and gioups as people see ovet-populalion and over-exploitation of te- Uieii dice of the cdce beuig threatened. Thb souices; Uie whole futuie is seriously at jeo­ means there w3l be a le-emeigence of 'dass- pardy unless wc first recognize the problems stiuggle' I suppose, although the classes are and then do something about them. not necessaiily die tnditiomd clasfrgroups, but Let me say here that I'm not myself a they're hiterest gioups wlUiui the community doomsday thinker, I bdleve tiut if we make - sbugglitH to hold theb position. use of solutions that science can offer hi . Agam, tills 'Inwaid-tuining' of which I've population control, and Uien in sensible ex­ oken wOI tend to be accentuated, paiUc- ploitation of lesouices, the development of Satly if people do become less confident of thuigs Uke solai energy, we can surmount the ability of*Uie poUdcal system to deal with this crisis. the pioblems. But coming back lo the University, I They wiU Uicn have to faU bade upon tiiem­ think that there is amongst students and-youn­ selves to solve their own problems and they ger staff alike, a real consdousness of these will become selfish to Uiat extent. This is what problems so whUe overt poUtical activity of the I see as Uie natuie of Uie crisis: I don't Uiink late-sixties type may have disappeared, thcie's Westem bidusbialized society can continue as always a very good audience at some of the it is; I don't Uihik it's got the capadty or the seminars deaUng with these problems. wfll to l»ing about ttie diangc, which will have to come, in a smooth way. The change wUI be In the past, the comment was often made imposed upon it by ciicurastances - as lesour- that the activities of the radical movement ces run out, for example, lalhei than people were going to prime the image ofthe Unber- planning for that situaUon. sity into dis-repute within the Community. Do you think there was ever any real substa­ The result wiU be sodal upheaval, in-fight- nce in those sorts of comments, lookuig back hig and an hicreased kvel of lookhig out for now? oneself and a greatly decreased level of general commuiUty, sympathy, awareness and consdous The first Uung I want to say about Uist is ness of Uie plight of others. It's a very gloomy Uiat I don't Uihik Uie reputaUono f Uie Uni­ pictuie but UiU is Uie pictuie. versity in ihe Queensland scene was evci vety higli. One of the thhigs that I found disappohi- T-Thls leads on to Uie next question of counw, and tiut is concerting whatdevelopraentepoU- ^ •jto/jiir -^ ^^9..,,^! ticaUy and socially are gobig to happen. Ths continued page 24 from page.23, Edwin Webb Courier-Mail editorial, 21/8/1971 Ih'f Lilmriv dfiifiids tui t/«t» Prrftlum ol lh« t'mji when I came to Austialia was the very an- PriiMA, and thut cannot //«• tiniit»-d nithtiul !„;inn BRISBANE, September 8-Mice orresM 114 de- li-inteliectual atmosphere paitkularly in Uic lott, ^ jtfferion. Trade Union and Left politkal movements. I monsfrrcifrors f<^clay hWovfinq fl morch by 3/500. came across from England where the scene was Queensiond Universify sfudenfS/ lechirers ond very different Obvbusly il's iriic that public reaction to Change at oJliets from flie universify campus, St, Lucia, the Univeisity was hostile to some of the things that wcnl on. but I myself never regarded that to Hie city, as a rca.son for al templing to prohibit the peo­ St* Lwcia ple from expression of opinion on ihings whkh Si>nie ttiarcHers were draggodbythejir hair to waiting police were of grcal importance. Of course, the fuel HA-NK goodness sbmeone in author­ waggons which filled rapidly ai doxens of arrosfs v/ero is thai in Queensland, thinking about Ihc pub­ ity believes t^ueensland University lic scene outside Ilic Univcrsily, student acti­ T h.i.-j been improved by all the dis­ mbdo. Several pcopie were punched ond kicked by police vism dkl achieve a gicat deal in that il did pel reform of iJic regulations and laws relating to ruptions engineered by radical elements. and one mon on crutches was knocked to the roadway public assembly and demonstrations and gol r-?puty Vice-Chancellor Edwin Webb and dragged to the footpofh by four unifomied police Ihcm a little neater lo what had been common :h*..i weei ventured the opinion: "After men. in Great Britain for the last fifly years, 30 ysars of u.niversity life. I cannot re- ^You say that you don't ascrilte lo llie •:a:i a mor? iUaiuiacihg time." The sttjdonfs were domonstratincj ogainjt Queensland Gov­ doomsday predictions we hear from many peo­ y.:>''. Qjs;y!ijlarclers orobably would ernment regulations which require demonstrators to ple: the reason I raise Ihis point is that iwo of Ihe other interviewees sec a serious crisis appro-- .•.•.ojtt •.ai'n*.,s such as *vic3:-jn:" or ':.')!.;o- apply for o permit before holding q demonstration in aching in terms of, say, a Chilean scenario: a :-id" ra:ber :han"stimulacint;." Whacever the city, \ . right-wing movemeiil geiicraliiig auiliorilarian rhe e.xieni oi the procesc. It still wa.sted govermnent. Do you see any stihsiaiice in these x IQC of highly e.^penslve time with Above: The Civil Liberties March^in September, 1967. Peter views? •i.-.Ucs Ox often quite juvenile character. Wertheim, Dan O'Neill and BrianLaver were amongst those arrested 1 Uiink thcic's a real danger of this happen­ ing. But let me clear up what 1 mean by 'dooms other question. The Self Management Group two by the connection they have In human day piedictkms"; there's a school of thouglit arc arguing that one ofthe basic problems psychology; that is to say, learning to be an which seems to say Uiat doom is inevitable, that whh the present way wc run society is thai oppressor, or learning to be subservient. In the .seeds are already thete and that nothing the continuance of heirarchical structures fighting one of these things, you can achieve can be done to alter Uie logical development. of decision making, and the failure of people freedom from the other. What I'm saying is that if wc make the right lo pursue a horizon lal form of decision mak­ As for the use of the demonstration as a decisions, then in fact Uic accumulated know­ ing which would inmlvc them in more direct political weapon: for a mass demonstration ledge of generations is enough to get us over forms of control over decistons is effecting you need the kind of issue that people can these difrtcuities Clearly, one of the crucial them. What's your view on this? feel is close to their own lives, Uiey can feel issues IS population; I think that if wc$|icnl is urgent for now. For this reason, the con­ anything lilic the kind of money spent on nuc- I've always been u bit doubtful as lo how scription issue eould be regarded as the cata­ kat jescaich in effective methods of contioU- realistic ibis view is not only in the Univcrsily lyst which made possible the gicat demon­ ing population, wc would be able tostabiliscat but outside,! would say it's difficult just look­ strations at that Ume. present numbers, ur even pi\ tliem down with­ ing at the Australian scene to expect change Potentially the other movements did of­ in a penerulion. And, of course, there's a lot here. I don't believe that if teal decisions abtiul fer a different way of life, in that being com­ iiiiHc thiu can be done in inerea.scd food pro^ the way Austialian society went were to be mitted to anti-inipcrialisni ought to have had duction and so on lo ci)|«J wjtli the further in­ made al the level of the smallest group, then all sorls of implications for the way one lived. creases that are inevitable bcfcire we slabilb-c. we would get a government (and Australia as It required, however, more than a decision to Wiclher it will be done depends upon political a whole) behaving in a way which was more tear up one's drafi card; it required Uic deci­ decisions. conscious of the probkms of Ihc world at sion to commit oneself to a life of fighting I Uiink (hat even in a capitalist sockty, large. imperialism. This was more Uian most stud­ strongly controlled by a government motivated 1 riithet feel lliat cxacUy the opposite ents seemed wiUinp to do. in the way that by and large our present Fede­ would be Ihe case; and really I do believe in One.thing, I believe, that was essential to ral Government is, a belief in the use of resour­ having - jjerhapsit'san elitist view - some tlic women's movement offering a new way ces to give a reasonably cquiluhie standard of intelligent people sorting out what the prob­ to live was the cmpliasis particularly on con­ living and at least equal oppurluniiics to all peo­ lems really are, and trying to solve iho.se for sciousness-raising, making an appeal to psydio- ple - at ka.sl it would be possible to divert re­ the population al large. analytic, psychological management techniques, sources, energy, scientific leseaich and soon I think the change in Uic Federal Govern­ relatmg to those used in group therapy. Women in Uic right direction to solve these problems. ment was a step in the right direction. I don't sought to re-inforcc one anotiier in raising con­ Merle Thornton The danger is, of course, in the worid at laige think it would have taken place if Austialia sciousness about the way general social realities that we have many governments which are not had been governed by a grassroots demociacy. are related to the details of one's personal life, so motivated and stiU believe it important to including Uic most intimate details, and 1 think they did le|id to a theoTciical deficiency, a lock spend a very laigc proportion of their resour­ this accounted for a genuine inlelkctual break- of willingness to build organisation for on-going ces in the development of nuclear and othci Uirou^ in Uie women's movement that was programmes of improvement. aimaments, getting at much coat and oil out not evident in the other radical movements of One last deficiency in the radical and femi­ of the ground as Uii^ can and using it up as that time, or indeed of this. What 1 mean is nist movements was an emphasis on the cult rapidly as possible, auch an appioach could merle the very liealthy refusal in Uie women's move­ of spontaneity which didn't emphasise such stimulate a right-wing militaiy revolt in an ment to discuss very general theoretical con­ qualities as taking individual and on-going res­ attempt to picvcnt disastci, and at wotst, lead cepts without making sure one could relate ponsibility, delegating responsiblity, even mak­ to the ultimate failure of the human race on THORNTON these to one's personal life and that one actu­ mg cettain kinds of political trams run on time. earth. But I'm still optimistic that there'll be The basis of UK questions you have asked ally knew what the great thcorcUcal general­ Some of Uic more aware members of the move­ enough pcopk who want Ihc right answers to m1c i s to relate the present polilical climate at isations meant in human terms. ment reaUsed this and they dug in for a long enable us to use our resources lo get us oul of the University and more widely relate to the i believe Uiat has been haul. This is evident ui the way people have re­ these difficulties. kind of student poliUcs and demonstrations that exhibited in Uie growUi of the women's move­ turned to their departments and tried to relate were taking place in the late 60's and caily 10's ment while Uic other political movements - the theoretical side of theb radicaUsation to Peter Wertheim put forward the view that and perhaps, should suy that I wasn't here for at least in an organJs«l sense, have dwindled. Uieir own courses, their icIaUon to students, to we must necessarily see a change of values to­ part of Uiat; I was oul of the counlry until Aug­ I'd now like to make a few critical remarks a radicaUsation of the theory of their subjects ward the more humanistic. Would you agree ust 1969. One thing that has changed spectacul­ about the things Uiat I Uiought Uicn were de­ and discipUnes. with this commeni? arly is Uie style of politics, the age of the very ficiencies in the radical movement and tlie wo­ big demonsUaUons seems to be at least temp­ mens movement at Uiat time and I Uiink that Iilibik this relates to whal Ralph Nader bas I agree tliat this is important and further­ orarily, in abeyance and I think Uiat is something they have not been solved yet. said; that the movement often failed to realise more I bclkvc that il's happening. A lot of thai makes people feel ihcrc has been a funda­ One thing wai most noticeable - the emph­ that what's called for in tiying to achieve social features wc sec in the younger generation, I mental political change - I don't really know asis upon the personal decision (In the case of change is persistence, hardwork and really good personally find difficult to sympathise with. how fundamental ii is - it means to mc thot conscription) and also Uie affiuent backgrounds organization. I suppose it's uue that I was brought up in a there were indeed issues Uien dial knt them­ of students of Uiat time. more or less Methodist Work-cthic; I find it selves to demonstration of a mass movement There was a rather self-indulgent emphasis difficult to understand the young people who I think wc do await a new kuid of political kind which don't exist in the same way now. on personal pleasure, the importance of per­ analysis; this rcfcites to theories that some have simply cut themselves off from .society, who The fundamental issues sUII exist, but Uie way sonal experience, of expanding experience; a expressed - of a sort of swing to tryanny in the don't wotk, who live hippie-style and so on. of rdating them to people's personal lives don't kind of psychedelic approach to Ufe. This is And yet in a sense U's vety encouraging Uiat exist in quite the same way. The Uiing Uiat coming years. I remember a recent SMG pamp­ Unked with the approach to demoaacy in the hlet that said the eco-farming kmd of people have people ore beginning to see other values as made (he big demonstrations possible (though University govemment, the emphasis on what important compared with the values of having they weren't all aiound this issue) was the big turned to strong man type of leaders who keep you miglit call naive anarchism, the emphasis Uicir camps free ftom roustabouts and so on. the highest standard of living in material terms. conscription Issue. This forced students to on the expcricntial aspects of participation in Take a specific cxampk - it is obviously ab­ face a major personal decision in their lives every level of decision making - it's good for More widely expressed wiUi considerable surd that the dcvelopnienl ofthe motor-car which involved the major political problems you to make dedsions, a fun experkince - I'm baUyhoo on Uic media has been the fear of a has meant that the whole world economy is of our time in a critical way at a certain tinK exaggerating one kind of attitude and in an rise of fascism connected with a majoi depres­ determined by the supply of oil; and ckaily sion in England and the same sort of Uung in - Ihcu 20Ui birthday. emolwnal ralher than a theoretical kind of way, the supply of oU is going to tun oul. If wc but 1 think these emotions were present and Australia. I Uiink Uiese fean axe not altogeUier can't have motor-cars then we'U have to go The underlying issues are sUU every bit as unfounded, but I Uiink what b ratiier the case back to walking or cycling. Now, this may urgent - especiaUy Imperialism, which people seem a trivial cxampk, but it docs represent were ladlcaliscd to icalise because of the con­ • a change in values which younger peopk are scription issue, but the necessity fot students beginning to accept. While my generation will to deckle at a certain stage of their lives, their never I Ihink adapt themselves to going back attitudes and whal they ivcre prepared to do in this sense, the next generation may have to. - whether they are prepared to make a fairly It is hcattcning lo find younfcr peopk seeing major personal sacrifice to join the fotces of human values as more importanl Ihan material anti-impciialism - that's gone and it was a values. major radicalisi.ig force. On the other hand, il's fahly customary One attitude which surfaced often in the for people analysing Uic political scene lo past amongst senior officials ofthe Uiiiver­ leave out the women's liberation movement sily Hws that the Univcrsily was essentially altogctlicr. Women weren't faced with that per­ not a political place al all. Tliey didn V and sonal decision, but they did pkV an important don'l seem to recognize thot a lot ofthe part in dcmonsUations and the consciousness- things taking place in the Universityjn the raising of that period. It's rcally interesting that educalhn - in a sense have a great polilical women's consciousness was being raised world­ import on the community al large. Do you wide in a major way without an issue like con- subscribe to that belief yourself? SCTiption that arose in Australia at that time. Wlien 1 think of the way the women's No, I'd never believed tliat. The one thing movement did relate lo the University rad­ Ihat has been saW officially by senior peopk ical movement and lo the whok Moratoiium in the University I would agree with, is that movement, I realise that some of the argue- Uic unncrsity as an institutkin ought not to ments wc were using then were important. take a stand on Uiings. Sometimes the Univer­ I-'or cxampk, I remember myself writing sity hasbeen urged lo formally come out in in a pamphlet that waS issued by the women's support of aboriginal welfare or soniething of liberation movement at one of the morator­ this kind, but I don't think Uial should be iums that we bcUcvttd tlw issue of women's applied lo (he Unhrersity as an instltutkin. oppression to have a certain psychological I vc always believed - and ils certainly been priofity; in essence, Uiat the first disciimbi- true for my years at University - that U ought ation human beings korn is sexual descrimin- lo be llie focus for the development of ideas ation. It's by an extension of the tcchnkjues which are the real Issues in society; that liav- of subservience and opptessk)n learned in ing formulated a view, then its up to the in­ sexual contexts Uiat wc arc able to exiend dividuals In the University lo use all their ouiacUvities to racism, imperUlism and the power and infiucncc to sec that others arc major oppressions So we thought then tliat made aware of ihcm. I've never taken the thete was an important theoretical connect­ view (hat Uic Universl(y ough( (o isolate ion between the women's Ubetatlon move-. itself from the community, lotbea ment and Ihc moratorium movcmeht. part of the Interchange of ideas whkh leads When the Springboks (Uie SouUi African to a fotwanl movement of society. footbaU team) were hetc in 1971, Uie libei­ ation movement conducted a "hcxhig" of Perhaps wc could conclude with fust one racists and sexists, specifically Unkhig the • pie think are relevant, and this is a very Im­ portant.impact for it to have had at a time ^^^•b<.i>-^|H when the media doesn't necessarily provide ^^^^^^^H^^^BB^^^KT^^^^^^^^^^B ^^^^1.' f''' < ^.T^^^i vety much set Uie fiamcwoik of people's questioning. In Uils way, I Uiink tfie move- H^:<'-'i'^l inent has been successful, because the clian- Rli^^^-9 ong of social consciousness is fundamental Ww^"-''^'^ for securing social change. I don't Uiink that

consciousness is all, but I do myself believe ^^^^•i/? f•••*• ;-:-r.* ' .'M that with respect to sex-oppression, capital­ ist society may be in something of an equil­ m ibrium. As far as the economic system goes, .'^^^gi^ U may be tiie case that Uic advantages and ^ft TpJ^^^H disadvantages' to the' system of diminishing ^•i^,. sex-oppression at Uiis stage may be fairly finely balanced, which provides a greater ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Rr^^^'""!!! iin^l Wm opportunity for consciousness-raising to have an effect If we're not in a situation lyhere the logic of our economics strongly w^^^^K^^mSm:-:..,^- ^g counter-indicates the liberation of women, if ^^^^Bk^m •^^m we're not in a situation where economics de­ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H|^^^^^HHI^iQ mands that women shaU be liberated, Uieie may be a chance for us to exercise an initi­ ative of consciousness and get something Uiat's very valuable wiUiout being pushed into it by economics. With respect to the relationship of the feminist movement and the Left generally, I think that there has been a good deal of un­ ease both at the practical and theoretical levels wiUiin which people saw that connection. Am- | Dan O'Neill ong some at least theie's been an attempt to is Uiat wc do await a fresh deep - strikmg poli- relate their feminist hand to their socialist Ucal theory, which will f

ENGAGEMENT, We specialise in diamonds but 10% DRESS, have all other precious stones. DISCOUNTS WEDDING & TO THE HOUSE OF DIAMONDS ETERNITY For remakes, repairs, insurance val­ STUDENTS 154 QUEEN STV^ F /^OPPOSITE THE uations & expert diamond advice. RINGS. & STAFF. PHONE 29 154545N^R5 REGENI T THEATRE from page 25; Dan O'NeiU of wliat you have saki, ho w do you see them avoiding one possible outcome of doing this • on things deeper than concutrcncc in an ideo­ and that is: tfte psych'dldgical Impact might fust logy or the shiaring of a list of propositions or be too much for them^that is to say an appreci­ the being in some organisation rather Uian ano­ ation of the depth or complexity of all the ther organhcation. thbigs that you 've been talking about, might It's not at all dear to me what precise form in itself make them lose any will before they soUdarity should take. AU that I can say with get under way? any certainty is that It must be Uie interchange of peopk's autonomous creativity. This wiU Yeah. That is a rcally uiteresting question mean far more respect for the differences be­ because the first thingthat flashed into my tween one another than we've had up tUl now mind was a psychiatric expression: the general and a far greater wariness about the subtter form paralysisof the insane. I thbik there might be , of interpersonal domination. sometiiing called Uie paralysisof ttie supposedly This brings b immediately the whole fiood sane and some people have already entered into of issues about race and sex and creed and ideo­ that paialyrste and for some it's a khid of necess­ logy and class; (if wc could put all that in brack­ ary defensive mechanism. ets for a moment) I would say that I agree basi­ If you look at what's happenitig to a tot caUy with the position that SMG is consistentiy of secondary school kkls if you can believe puttmg forward and that is that we need to take what Uie voui^er Uni sludents (ell you atKMit over control of our own lives. What's happened their confreres ot even about Uiemseh^es, it' u (hat people are alienated from their own Uves, sounds to me as if theyVe saki "Look the and (here arc any number of ways, any number rod gone so far and the attempt to deal wiUi of me(hodolbgies by whkh you can analyse Uia( it Ul terms of analysis, and Uieoretkal constructs alknation, but what has to happen is people gra­ is so obvbusly inadequate that we may as well . dually and communaUy acting together come in­ lie down and either wait or try to go away men­ to greater and greater possession of Uieff own taUy, uito some kind of spiritual exile, whUe autonomy. remaming here. Now that s the way I interpret Extend tiiat until it becomes the sort of thing some of what to some people might seem to that (he workeis' control movement is working be cynicism and apathy. It seems to me that • towards, Uic sort of thing that the self-manage­ The Forum Area, "a symbol of Intense collecdve discussion". Phil Richardson speaking. you can interpret some of these responses, es­ ment movement is working towards. Now Uiere peciaUy by sensitwe youngsters as a kmd of are stacks of unanswered questions in there movement oclcbiated as necessary and congra­ for example, in French inteUectual movements anticipatory serks of signals by some of the about Uic relationship of aU this to the class , tulated itself on as distuiguishing it from the other inteUectual movements, like Structural­ most responsne kmd of sphits among the analysts, and about how it telates to Mao's old left movement. You've ^t to inspect aU ism in which I Uiink we'd pretty rapidly find younger generation of the size of the chaos slogan "learning from the people and teach­ this very carefuUy because if what's gomg on that Uie deep stmctures Inside human beings, tiiat tiiey feel they haven't got eiUier the in­ ing Uie people" but Uiat 1 am quite sure is is Uie thwarting of profound energks then the things that structure human personality, tellectual or emotional equipment to deal the direction ui which wc have got to go. We there are those who'll get sucked in when the have got intimate connections wiUi the social witfi. That added to the fact Uiat they know must go into an anti-authoritarian directk>n. real crack up b^ns to come. There arc those structures of a society in which production is its not going to improve if their elder brothers In fact, while I think that SMG has many, who'U get sucked into the mindkss destruction alienated, in which even suffering is now alien­ start to go to work and inteUcctuaUy analyse mai^ weaknesses that at present they're mak­ of valuable things - aU kinds of valuable things ated from the people who produce and who it for them; they're preparing for some kind ing fairiy strong efforts to overcome, I thmk including persons. suffer. of liberation untU tiie tune when it reaUy (hat the one great strength of SMG to which There are those who are prey to the rise of cracks up. Td like to pay (ribute is their persistence, the Because of problems relating to the transcript- powerful, fascist ideologcs, powerful men who If people who agree with you were lo at­ doggedness of their seriousness.What it brings ion of Dan Q'NeiH's interview, his contribution to my mmd is the fact that pretty soon after use theii energy in a destnictivc way and thete tempt to come to terms in some way with much ate those who'U get sucked into the sorts of does not proceed further, while complete to this the^Springbok tour (about l972),akhough point. -Ed. i in many othc parts of the world the common states that other peopk prey on: the states of stiuggl^ that we'd aU be engaged in escalated indifference, the states of need, the states of a In Australia it didn't seem to escalate. In Aus­ desire to hate. But the hate has no object so if tralia it seemed as though, having been cons- a person can point oul the object to them, the tnined b/idcolo^s that dkln't properly in­ liste can be switched onto it. terpret our experience, we all began to frag­ And the object can change very rapklly, ment and disuite^te, both as against one so the hate can change very rapidly. It puts anotiier and within our very selves. me in mind of what George Orwell described in 1984 as Hale Week, when tlie enemy of the So tliut according to our temperaments people, Emmanuel Goldstein, was Hashed on­ or incUnalions or mterests or weaknesses, or to the television screen and the hate would strengths even, we aU took different dhections. rise to a frenzy. One week the enemy would Some of us I think took Uie dbrectkin of an be one of the counUics they were opposed to, increasing loss of faith in our own ability to and the next week lliat country would be understand what was going on; at first an in- their oUy, but the hate would remain the same aeasm^ kind of endurance of and then almost and would go on being poured out. something you coukl perversely describe as It might seem a long way from the Royal E.V- enjoyment of, our own bewilderment. So that chan^ Hotel to Fascist rallks, to the an(i- ^adually, states of cynicism based on frustra- utopias of George OrweU but it seems to me troii, and nihiUsm, on profound ignorance of that what we're kamii^ the present period - spuihial states that we'd never experienced be­ as the ecological collapse continues as the col­ fore, began to grow. lapse of Uic mdustrial mode of production con­ You can find Uiat by mixing long enough tinues, as Uic disproportion between Uie Third with people around the Royal Exchange (RE) World and Uic advanced countries continues and I m not exempting myself from this and as madness increases in its many forms (but I'm not exempting many people 1 respect and particularly in the developed countries) is admire intensely from this. I think ils so bad that the gap is not so very wide bcWeen eveiy- that wc now carry the temptation to nihilism, day life and Nazism. the temptation to cynicism around with us. I One is the niglitmare version of the daUy can understand for the first time, 1 think, at Ufe of tiie other, it's like the flipsidc of tiie least from my own personal point of view, how daily life of one vast suburb of the world, like it was Uiat Nazism and Fascism (for example), Australia. It seems to mc that in a sense what at the present moment in Europe could arise, disguises for AusUalians Uie real nature of their and is arising on sucli a scale. experknce is tiie fact tiiat we're probably the I thmk it docs arise out of daily life, it docs' most suburban nation on earth. I only wish wc arise out of the frus(Ta(H)n of deiep energies, the oould monitor Uie dreams of people in Austra­ disconnection of deep ener^s from value ^s- Ua and play them back on national radio and tems Uiat seem no longer to comprehend a TV to them day after day so that tiicy could person's experience or to m(erpret it When Uiis sec the horrifying sliapes Uiat are taking bodUy iiappens, 1 tlimk people spUt hi one of two ways. andconcrcte form in other parts of the worW; The whole trend is a.kind of death trend but in a in Chile, in Italy where fascists are kiUing left­ death trend there arc what you might call the ists and where leftists are responding with the killers and the killed. Thete arc the destroyers necessary defensive violence, in Indonesia and the scU-^lcsttoyed. And when 1 look about where 500,000 people were killed after the me and look at some of my own behaviour and takeover, any number of olher places where the behaviour of some of my own friends, it you'd care to mention. seems to mc that I sec peopk who are caught In We can't congratulate ourseh'es that Aus­ this kind of process of disintegration. tialia at least hasn't reached that stage, bec­ I'm talking about peopk who were intensely ause we have reached titat stage. It's Just that mvolved or even peripherally hivolved in Uic the outbreak is taking different forms ui dif­ movement, but it doesn't matter, there are stacks ferent places.' of people around who are now tn> what seems to I think it's ho accklent Uiat there's so much be a kind of a drtft kading them tu encourage, preoccupation in the devdiqied countries now a split between the deeper part of themselves amon| novelists, and psychiatrists and anti- (which they're inaeasingly incapable of under­ psychiatrists and poets wiUi the phenomena of "Public entitled to • standing) and Uic superficial part of themsel­ madness and suicide, because Uiat's what Uic ves (which they thuik tiiey're devoting to cancer's like when its got nowhere to go insitit- ends like hedonism, enjoyment, escape). They ionaUy and has to go uiside, down to the deep­ Uiink they're devoting thcmseWcs to some of er structures of the personality. ask about attitudes Uic very Uiings that certam phases of the M I think that we're not interested enough. at universities'^ ^

npHE public is cntilied to H?k some cruestions i about attitudes at our unirnrsiiic.' seeing it largely loots the bill.

. Why should.the untvcrsi- This rabid onlnoraty dem­ now devoid of aU sense of ries be ui-ed es sanctuaries by onstrates its contempt lor mt^ral t\i:'ecvion? Uiose dete.-inijied to wage the" TJtUversir.v ' anmlnJs;. • Are tbej* unsbie to aprcc ^•ar on our society and de- tr»Uan .by its coniiuucd oiii-- on a course of .&ctioa for fear Strpy our way o: lile as we rageous bcha\^oiK, confident of helng labeJlfid ''ttTong" by kntiw It? that the-triple invocation to oosteriij-? - ' ; -•. ••Wfby should liie.v tolerate "freedom of dissent", "Cree- If 50 this IS certfiin abdi­ benav^our which is totally dotn of speech'^ or 'laJcadem- cation r^. ihose who Iv^lieve univpc^piRble elsewhere in ic treedom" wUl ensuft.thebr •they viii burv us -- Gordon the cptoniur.lVyv excesses sxee condoned or ex­ Olive,-Dawson Road, Run- Why shoiUd these avowed cused. coOi. . cnemifes of our society con^ Does this mean .tliut eK-. tiuue td enjoy the privileges pasiire. to inodera . tertwu-y XMr. Olirein a fprmer of tertiary education *here education resuJlsia Battle of Britain pilot nine out%of ten people are. profound contusion of val- > titid MTiitmher ••«/' f,'

produced and directed "Electra- is correct, it is understandable why fourth track, "Most of All", that is Glide in Blue". the movie has been called the rather interesting. It is a typical I know very little about the illegitimate son of "Easy Rider".) period piece of 1905's rock complete RECORD movie, except that it has been botli Most of the tracks consists of .with doo-doo-doo's and be-bop. a successful and a critically acclaimed orchestrated pieces in the style of It was co-writien by Alan Freed one. The name itself is derived from Isaac Hayes or Barry White and who died in 1965. It was he who, the fact that motorcycle cops in Love Unlimited, with maybe a bit while a D.J. in 1952, invented the the U.S. Tide Harley Davidson of Sergio Mendez thrown in, their temi rock-n-roli. Eieclra-Glides. This album is the funkiness being proved by liveral As a soundtrack album, it is not soundrtrack of that movie. On its use of wali-wiiii guitar and a dash particularly outstanding. Althougli own, it is an incongruoits collection of moog. It is from Uiese that a I'd rate it as better than "Getting "ELECTRA-GLIDE IN BLUE" of material linked by snippets of, single "Tell Me" was released in Straight", il is not comparable to, U4982 SOUNDTRACK I imagine, significant dialogue. (If England, where it was treated ralher say, "Zabriskie Point" or "Easy James William Guercio used to my interpretation of the dialogue scathingly by record reviewers-it Rider", neither of which suffered play bass, backing people like mentions "God Bless America" the encumbrance of dialogue, Del Shannon, The Shangri-Las, over and over ad nauseum. and can be enjoyed solely as and Tommy Roe. He then wenl You can have a civil marriage Of the remaining^ four tracks, albums. But, no doubt, llie final into the production side of records ceremony anywhere, anytime. wc can dispense of three immed­ decision sliould be left until you with groups like the Buckinghams, (Fees set by legislation) iately. Two tracks are drawling have seen Ihc movie. It is possible Chad and Jeremy, Chicago, and DIANA WYVILL country tunes which are instantly that, througli association, the visual Blood, Sweat and Tears. At the aspect may liavc a positive effect Authorised Civil Marriage forgettable and the third is a two moment, he has gone back on the minute Uve recording of Uie heavy on the music. road playing bass for the Beach Celebrant rock group Madura in concert, Boys. But just before that he PHONE 71 2504. which is also forgettable. Is it the Bill Holdsworth

The Brisbane Cinema Group presents another quality season of

OPERA ON FILM including... Friday NOVEMBER 8: /^^ BOHEME (pUCCmi) Rolando Panerai, Granni Raimondi •N Wednesday NOV. 13; A magnificent new production from East Germany — BLUEBEARD (Offenbach) Produced by Walter Felsenstein. Sung in German by the Ensemble of the Comic Opera Berlin.

Wednesday NOV. 20 — Melodious Tchaikovsky double...

THE QUEEN OF SPADES (First Brisbane screening)

EUGENE ONEGIN (Bolshoi Theatre production) Wednesday DECEMBER 4: Fritz Lehmann & the Vienna State Opera I with Magda Laszlo from the Beethoven's FKDELIO Metropolitan Opera, New York THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR (nicolai) (in English, Norman Foster, Mildred Miller. Both first releases.

with new improved sound system Rialto Theatre, West End for your listening pleasure ALBERT EINSTEIN ON EXAMS '' ONE HAD TO CRAM ALL THIS STUFF INTO ONE'S MIND, WHETHER ONE LIKED IT OR NOT. THIS COERCION HAD.SUCH A DETERRING EFFECT THAT, AFTER I HAD PASSED THE FINAL EXAMINATION, LFOUND THE CONSIDERATION OF ANY SCIENTIFIC PROB- LEMS DISTASTEFUL TO ME FOR AN ENTIRE YEAR.... IT IS IN FACT NOTHING SHORT OF A MIRACLE THAT THE MODERN METHODS OF INSTRUCTION HAVE NOT ENTIRELY STRANGLED THE HOLY CURIOSITY OF INQUIRY; FOR THIS DELICATE LITTLE PLANT, ASIDE FROM STIMULATION, STANDS MAINLY IN NEED OF FREEDOM, WITHOUT THIS IT GOES TO WkACK AND RUIN WITHOUT FAIL. IT IS A VERY GRAVE MISTAKE TO THINK THAT THE ENJOYMENT OF SEEING AND SEARCHING CAN BE PROMOTED BY MEANS OF COERCION AND A SENSE OF DUTY. TO THE CONTRARY, 1 BELIEVE THAT IT WOULD BE POSSIBLE TO ROB EVEN A HEALTHY BEAST OF PREY OF ITS VORAC­ IOUSNESS, IF IT WERE POSSIBLE, WITH THE AID OF A WHIP, TO FORCE THE BEAST TO DEVOUR CONTINUOUSLY,EVEN WHEN NOT HUNGRY - ESPECIALLY IF THE FOOD, HANDED OUT UNDER SUCH COERCION, WERE TO BE SELECTED ACCORDINGLY". PAGE 28 channelled into administration, art strug­ gles to progress. It is a vicious circle: dir­ fo ectors want to bring new, altemative the­ atre to the people, but until the people are prepared to support it, they must continue churning out the Ught comed­ ies and satirical revues. Jennifer Blocksidge (La Boite), recog­ nises the problem of broadening the taste of theatre-goers, and believes the only way of overcoming it is to make alternatives apparent - and at the same time create an audience for them. What I'm hoping to do - througb training in schools, which is much greater Ihan be­ fore ~ is to educate a future audience, who is aware and will demand more of us as actors, so that we can do things we couldn't have before, beceiuse ofthe lim­ ^^^^z^j^s'^-^^-^i ited approach ofthe audience who went out purely to have a laugh and be enter­ tained. " She suggests that one of the reasons for the present generation's lack of the­ atre-consciousness is that teachers are inadequately trained: "I trained in Bri­ QUEENSLAND^ ^,« tain as a teacher of Speech and Drama, and the approach I was encouraged tq THEATRE COMi^ ^''^ have 19 years ago in England is only now being adopted here. So I would say Aust­ ralia is about 20 years behind in recogni­ sing what I was taught was the proper way of teaching Speech and Drama." But she feels theatre in schools is a growing thing, as 'English', 'Communication' and THEATRE IN BRISBANE 1974 'Drama' are fast becoming interchange­ able terms. Arthur Frame thinks that the trouble "Brisbane is a cultural desert" cribes the typical Australian's entertain­ 150, you can't afford not to have peo­ with drama in schools is that teachers ment: After work we come home and - typical southern criticism which ple sitting on the stairs. Arthur Frame look upon theatre as "just somewhere to sit in front of tlie television set - not be­ would like to do more plays like "Alpha Ls guaranteed to raise the hackles of go with their boyfriend on Saturday night, cause it is good hut just to have some­ Beta" - when he has some money. and not as part of what the child is learn­ hard-working actors and producers thing there, you see things moving in "With the present financial structure ing in his English curriculum." Mr Dunlop in both professional and amateur front of you... If you go out to tlie thea­ and incredibly spiralling wages (actors' is also critical of the attitude to drama in theatrical circles. Although a new tre you have to think, you have to absorb. wages have risen to Sl 03 per week, a schools, because plays are taught primar­ What does it take, then, to prise people couple of years ago they were earning intimate theatre and a new art gal­ ily as pieces of live theatre, and a play from their armchairs and entice them to only $65 per week), on our seating cap­ "doesn't really exist until it's on a stage lery have opened this year, we have the theatre? There are a very small mino­ acity we should be charging $6 a head, before an audience." also lost the State gallery and will rity of people for whom theatre is a hab­ but then it becomes prohibitive. We lose Her Majesty's Theatre. Her it, as much a way of life as television, for have to have full houses otherwise the OPERA EVERY NIGHT the other irregular theatre goers, it is pri­ theatre closes - which is a pretty bad Majesty's is the only theatre in marily tohave a good night out, a "fun^ state to be in when other companies can It's not surprising to Peterke KuUey Brisbane large enough to stage full time"; usually not as escapism nor to be afford to budget on 20 or 30% attend­ (Q.T.C.) that the teaching of the apprec­ size productions of ballet and opera, emotionally moved or intellectually stim­ ance." iation of theatre is not as effective as it and it is due for demolition. Alth­ ulated and very definitely not to be edu­ might be; AustraUa doesn't have the tra­ ough there is talk of converting cated. But Alan Edwards is working on SUBSIDY FOR SIZE? dition of theatre-going that exists in over­ education. seas countries. I've just been in Europe the Regent cinema into a compar­ He is director of the Queensland The­ Arthur Frame believes there is enough and there they have opera every night able live theatre - at a cost of ar­ atre Company whose policy as explain­ monetary support in subsidies from the with full houses: there is no such thing ound S250,000 - another ide^a is ed by Peterke KuUey is to educate: Our govemment, but it is just not spent in as empty seats. But they have a tradition the right way: the little theatres are at a now being tossed around m thea­ object is not to make money - of course of going to the theatre from an early age. disadvantage. // we have a smash hit we We don't have such a tradition here. In trical circles: an arts complex. it is nice when we do, but we are not competing with commercial theatre. We still have to run for a week, in order to Europe people go out more, in Australia get in as many people as the S. G.I. O. can The idea of an arts complex - to in­ are here to educate people. - Melbourne is different perhaps, it is get in, in a night. We have to pay a week's more cosmopolitan - we stay at home." clude an art gallery, museum and thea­ wages when they only have to pay a tres - is exciting to those who would "NO-ONE KNOWS PINTER" Glen Ricketts (Twelfth Night) thinks Aus­ night's wages. Therefore, we should be traUans see theatre as "something special, like to promote culture in Brisbane: they more heavily subsidised. question, however, whether it would But she admits that it is not easy. As something you dress up for", and thus receive enough public support to make the Q.T.C. is heavily subsidised, they can Brisbane's other professional comp­ not a part of everyday life. it a viable economic proposition. afford to present "non-commercial" any Twelfth Nighl Theatre, had the same experience with choice of plays as the The Queensland Festival of the Arts Brisbane has a huge seating capacity plays - plays by little-known authors. in May this year drew audiences to Hve in her theatres in comparison with ot­ Peterke KuUey thinks that the Q.T.C. Gallery Theatre. One of their most succes­ sful productions was a revue "The Great theatre in larger numbers than in normal her capital cities in Australia, but the production of Harold Pinter's play "Old circumstances, but as Glen Ricketts points proportion of theatre-goers is relatively Times" last year was one of the best Banana Split", and the abject box-office failure of the year was the drama "A out, "not much went on that wasn't go­ small. The energy and enthusiasm that things they have ever done yet some ing on already", and Uve theatre wasn't exists comes from the performers rat­ nights they played to an audience of Hard God", which, although it received commendation from the critics, failed to affected much. Ray Dunlop agrees, and her than the public. Jennifer Blocksldge, six because "no-one knows Pinter". As hopes that it will grow enough in future who runs Brisbane Repertory Theatre the compnay is professional, the actors attract audiences. The company believes that word of mouth publicity makes gre­ years to warrant the. inviting of overseas at La Boite, agrees that it is one-sided: don't have time to think about their artists to perform. He believes there is / think it's energetic from the point of morale: they're at the theatre 14 hours ater impact than newspaper reviews, and although a bad review may be initially "nothing like a Uttle foreign blood" to view of those who arc concerned with a day, six days a week - rehearsing from stimulate local actors and producers, Jen­ the does of it. I think the scene from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. and performing from damaguig, if a play catches the fancy of an audience it will "go". As Arthur nifer Blocksidge also thinks home artists those who are receiving it remains fair­ 7 p.m. to 10.30 p.m. Yet the applause benefit from more overseas visitors: "it ly apathetic. But there is slowly an in­ of six pairs of hands must echo rather Frame puts it: "Once you've got the first audience along, you have to hope gives them a reference point, and the op­ creased awareness and interest it's hollowly in the cavernous S.G.LO. the­ portunity of working with artists who atre seating 611. they'U tell others about it. We get peo­ not much good the doers being excited ple ringing up about "Hamlet On Ice" — have achieved a standard which is inter­ if the receivers are not going to be exci­ The Q.T.C.'s biggest box-office suc­ nationally recognised". But she thinks it cess this year was "Godspell'' which ran half the people ring up and say 'Do I ted as well The doers can't maintain a bring my skates? ' and the other half will take time before the festival develops level of excitement if there's no respon­ for an extended season of six weeks. This into a vital, cohesive event with its own play was chosen by the board of ilirectors say 'Idon't like Shakespeare', and of se. course its neither. All they really want character. Arthur Frame, one of the directors of in order to bring more young people into the theatre - and they came, of course, to know is 'will I have a good time?'". the new professional Gallery Theatre in Mr Ray Dunlop, director of Brisbane TOO MANY THEATRES Bowen Hills, is a little more enthusiastic in droves. But the important thing is that some of them are coming back — to Arts Theatre, one of Brisbane's main ama­ At the moment Brisbane theatre is about the response: he has had 9,000 teur companies, gets the same reaction fairly fragmented - there are a lot of people through the door since they op­ see drama "because they have had a taste of theatre". " 'will it be fun?' - that's all they want small groups each developing their own ened five months ago, and he sees plen­ to know about". particular style of theatre, and although ty of energy in the theatre scene. As Arthur Frame has found also that no matter how good a serious play is, Bris­ B.A.T.'s plays are chosen for their this aUows the public choice and variety, far as we're concerned there is, because Jennifer Blocksidge thinks that the num­ we built this theatre with out own hands bane people prefer revues, musicals and "entertainment value", and "How much comedies. The Gallery Theatre opened money we think we're going to make". ber of theatre goers per head of popu­ in the last five months - and that takes lation is too smaU to be divided. She an awful lot of energy, 20 hours a day, with a home- grown revue "Here we Are" Mr Dunlop doesn't see B.A.T.'s role as which was very successful. Their next educatiors of the general public - a- sees theatre as being in a transitional 7 days a week... enough people believe stage at the moment, with a lot of pot­ in it. venture was an unknown drama "Alpha part from children - and one of the rea­ Beta". It is the story of the breakdown • sons is that he can't afford to. "Someone ential to be developed if enough supp­ of a marriage over a period of 10 years once said to me Tm going lo do this ort is ^ven. We must start at ground lev­ GESTURE TO CULTURE and Mr Frame says people found it "a play and I don't care if we don't get el and.grow from new roots, new ideas one single person to see it'; weU, that to new thoughts and new plants which are The Gallery Theatre's success is part­ bit soul-searching -and they didn't want to see that type of theatre, they basically me is stupidity. You've got costs to cov­ found to be healthy, rather than letting ially due to astute assessment of the er." Mr Dunlop is proud of the fact tlwt the old ones continue -but meanwhile type of show the Brisbane public will want to be entertained and have a good time." the Arts Theatre was built without gov­ the old ones look a little withered, a lit­ come and sec. Brisbanites, in the main, ernment aid, but as it has grown, the tle sick. don't take their theatre too seriously, it Last year Frame and Kennett Promo­ administrative side has grown also, and That is why an arts complex may be seems - a minority may make what Glen tions put on "Hamlet on Ice" at the Ce­ the govemment subsidy for administra­ a bit premature. "You must be sure it Ricketts (publicity officer for Twelfth ment Box theatre at the University of tive costs and the $20,000 building grant WiU be a hive of activity. U's no good Ni^t Theatre) calls their ^efftire to cul­ Queensland. It's a satirical revue written which they match on a dollar for doUar building a white elephant - a museum ture by going to the opera or ballet once by Australian Michael 6oddy - 5,000 basis, are welcome. to the arts - which no-body uses." Glen a year, occasionally sample live theatre people have seen it. In one week of 'Ham­ Ricketts is pessimistic: If an arts complex in the form of a revue or light comedy, let on Ice' we can take as much money POPULARITY THEN QUALITY? but usually they prefer to settle back in as an entife four or five week season of front of the television or escape into a a play like 'Alpha Beta'. You don't have • Money is,clearly scarce in the theatri­ beery haze at a football match. people sitting on the stairs to see 'Alpha cal world in Brisbane. None of the maj­ Pclerke KuUey (publicity officer for Beta'. or theatres could exist without govern­ the Queensland Theatre Company) des­ And when your theatre seats only ment grants, and while energy is being continued bottom page 29 ± (the text occupies only 150 pages), it attempts to cover all the prominent forms of imperialism from Roman Iniperium to B(X)KS contemporary imperialistic activity engag­ ed in by Third World countries. Further­ more, it attempts to provide a middle path between propaganda and abstract­ ion. Lichtheim is concerned to base his theories in factual evidence, but will not be deceitful by any pretence to value- free analysis in his survey. He writes, in his introduction, '"Wc do not;.. commit ourselves to the notion that there is a disembodied entity called 'imperialism' which moves mysteriously behind the scenes of history. We simply specify the minimum criteria for the use of language when dealing with a particular reality familiar to millions of ordinary people who have the misfortune to be involved ,^g,^r„(^vxms-f

«AltHSO(XCCUBTrVC ' UM dynamic of each important 'relationship' which is an imperialist situation. He writes, "The term 'imperialism' describes "Our Bodies - Ourselves" aptly described a particular kind of reaUty ... it describes as a book by and for women attempts to a relationship: specifically, the relation­ communicate the experiences and feelings ship of a ruling or controlling power to of different women in an effort to streng­ those under its dominion." Given "The Cars That Ate Paris", perhaps the re-emergence of a great industry ? then and support the individual woman those Umits of scope, he has done an and groups of women who are generally adequate job. Iconoclastic in theory, directions given by men in yellow the kindlings of the rccmergence of involved in the Women's Movement. he also attempts to be iconoclastic in jackets on the highways. These meri .the great Australian film Industry If society is to become introspective practice - in particular, his analysis of indicating detours have our trust after 30 years in limbo (i.e. A.C.C. and aware of its own problems there is the economic forces which produced the so much, that we don't stop to after Charles Chauvcl). a real need for "consciousness-raising" rise of Europe in the sixteenth and think that we may be getting directed This film has the horror of whereby the individual becomes aware seventeenth centuries {which includes to an ambush, ll is a shocking truth Goddard's "Weekend" yet the charm ofthe true nature of the problem and a critique of the much-vaunted but very that it is fairiy conimon for people lo of Jacque Tali's "Traffic". The film then sociely as a whole becomes aware suspect Weber thesis on the relation rummage through the belongings and has been criticized for ils violence, because of the interaction of individuals between Calvinism and capitalism) is pockets of dead accident victims, but as Peter explains , because it is who make up society. This principle is a good chapter. before the police arrive. This jux- horrifying, not excessive. Peter obviously applicable to the growing The main value, it seems to me, is to tapcsition occurred in Peter Wier's emphasized that in his opinion some women's movement. provide a quick but comprehensive mind and thus was created an idea films void ofviolence or sexual dem­ "Our Bodies - Ourselves" was produc­ survey of all (he dominant forms of that is interestingly believable. onstration are more immoral than ed by the Boston Women's Health Col­ imperialsim from the Western world. Like it or not, cars, Ihe things tlial some with it. lective" primarily because of the general Such analyses are fairly tare. once were our servants, have become Peter Wicr doesn't believe in lack of knowledge by women about our masters. And 1 believe that there 'formula Films' and Iwgan his career their bodies, and the lack of control Stuart Cunningham arc some parts, (probably the female in a film co-op. Since then, he has over their bodies and hence over their parts) where a man is judged by ihe been the director of 'Homesdale' lives. car he drives: and isn't it so, thai with Grahamc Bond, the Mavis The book must be commended for ' cars have created some pretty pec­ Bramslon Show and various short the comprehensive range of subject mat­ uliar conditions in us, e.g. the almost black and white films. He has worked ter. Material covered included SexuaUty, Pavlovian reaction we exhibit at red, for the Commonweallh Film and Lesbianism, Relationships with others, FILM amber and green traffic lights. Television Board. Al the end of Nutrition and Birth control to mention So, maybe the film is much closer this year he will be directing David only a few. The "biological function" of THE LOVE BUG THAT ATE to the quick than wc ever imagined, Frost in 'That was the year that was'. a woman is discussed and the book comes PARIS it has achieved unrivalled critical Me sees his future in low budget a long way in dispelling the.myths and acclaim, and proved ils significance Australian films, and sees the Film misconceptions (both medical and social) A name that you wiU hear more of at the recent Cannes Film Festival. Industry of this country as becoming about such matters as chUd-birth, preg­ is that of Peter Wier. Peter is the Dir­ 'Films and Filming' the worid wide one of great.significancc. nancy and menstruation. ector of ihe much acclaimed Aust­ publication has paid a lot of interest For too long women have been kept ralian feature film 'The Cars that ate in the film, so perhaps here we have Jeffrey D. Hardy ignorant about such matters have become Paris'. He is a delightfully unpreten­ totally dependent of their doctors bUndly tious man, which is rather unusual taking prescribed drugs without any real considering the business he is in. knowledge of the effects of such drugs. The In a recent interview Pcler related book as such represents a protest against me to his cinematic philosophy, and the attitude of doctors and the orientation some interesting events leading to T>*e HlGHfe^l. -Tv^E. FARES .. • OTi...There of health services. the filming of 'The Cars that ate Paris'. In general terms, "Our Bodies - Oursel­ The following synopsis of the film's ves' is exceedingly useful as a source of plot will indicate the prophetic power •^^ p/Ac

continued from page 28 he thinks Brisbane "needs il badly." "In the first stage of a country's growth, tration on the growth of culture. Aust­ Ttie consensus is that an arts com­ theatre is an escape e.g. the belly-dancer ralians have now reached the point where plex would only be welt patronised in in the pub, the stripper in a tent on the they can go ahead und develop it: we're was built, I think you 'd only get a cou­ the future, and, as the public is gradua­ gotdfields - pure escapism for people fairly affiuent, the government Is pre­ ple'of hundred people using it." Mr Dun­ Uy becoming increasingly culturally ma­ working very hard to survive. With in­ pared to help, and il's now up to us." lop is also dubious about the support ture, theatre can do nothing but expand dustrial development, there is not very such a complex would receive, although in Brisbane. Jennifer Blocksidge said; much opportunity or time for concen­ Radha Rouse PAGE 30 misunderstood by American audiences. America, brought up on Jekyll and Hyde and Frankenstein, think of" science in science fiction movies as the SOLARIS evil power of evU men. Understood this way, Tarkovsky's message is ob­ SOLARIS viously hackneyed. The Russians, U.S.S.R. 1972. Production: however, hear Marxism's claim lb be a "scientific" doctrine daily and Mosfilm, Direction: Andrei therefore science, as it is described Tarkovsky. From the novel by in SOLARIS, must have strong Stanislaw Lem. connotations of social engineering.. Leading Players: Natalya In this context insisting on decency as the highest requirement may be seen Bondarchuk^ Donatas Banionis, as a rejection of the entire Soviet cx- Yuri Jarvet, Anatoli Solonitsiii, pcrimenL Vladislav Dvorjetzki, Nikolai The other major theme of SOLARIS Grinko, Sos Sarkisslan. is the importance of love. Mari, the long dead wife of the hero of the film SOLARIS is a Russian science lives a shadowy existence on the space fiction fUm - and it is the name of a station, since she is only a copy of the planet possessing an ocean which acts human being and not a genuine one. like a brain and is capable of material­ But in the course of the film, through ising the memories of human beings her love for her husband, she becomes who come nearl But science fiction a real womcan. Love, then, is part of does not dominate the movie: Andrei the very definition of being human. Tarkovsky, the director is not fascin­ This is a doctrine closer lo Christianity ated by gadgets and has no interest than to Marxism. Tarkovsky believes in the mechanics of space travel. Fqr that we must all fape our pasts and him the science fiction format is mere­ insists on the importance of con­ ly a vehicle for dealing with the subject science. . - . which really interests him: man facing Ills past. The most amusing bit of irony Tarkovsky is the most promising in the film is the anti-hero, a scienrist young Soviet film director. His pre­ working on an anfi-immortaUty device. vious film, ANDREIRUBLEV, He hopes to get rid of the 'guests' created a sensation in France as weU from our past by the aid of science. as in Russia. Therefore one should not It is hardly necessary to point out that not dismiss this new film lightly but the idea that the past lives on has a attempt to place it in its Soviet con­ special meaning in the Soviet Union, text to which it obviously belongs. Tarkovsky suggests that no anti- This is not to say thai SOLARIS is immortaUty device js going to do like other Soviet movies. In fact, in away with the moral problems created a country where both good and bad by the Stalinist crimes. It is necessary films arc equally Uteral-minded, Tar- to come to terms with our memories. kovsky's impressionism and jumps in Despite the international characters, Stanlslaw Lem, Author of 'Solaris':"Iri such a boolc, it was my intention time and place are such departures that there is something very JRussian about to depict encounters of Man with phenomena so different from those on that one could venture to guess that the film's depiction of nature. Life Earth that they remain a mystery to tlie end ... I aimed at an 'anthropo­ Soviet audiences have trouble in without nature is hardly worth living.' understanding his work. And for us In the space station the scientists logical experiment' with the concealed question: what will be the fate of the film must be understood in the artificially produce the noise of Man if something happens that surpasses his understanding ?" Soviet context because Tarkovsky's rustling leaves and this noise is con- works arc contributions to Soviet , sidered essential for the preservation debates! Although SOLARIS has no of sanity. This love of earth and explicit polilical content the daring over-riding concern with nature has THE BRISBANE CLASSICAL GUITAR SOCIETY ofthe director is remarkable. The a long tradifion in Russian art. At the action takes place on a space stafion beginning of the film, as at the end, The Brisbane Classical Guitar Society welcomes membership from and on part of earth which is not the camera Ungers lovingly on a lake all persons actively engaged in the study of the classical or flamenco identified, but is obviously not the with its plant Ufe and surrounding guitar, or persons interested in its music. There are no restrictions Soviet Union. (The one city sequence trees - though the very last shot. placed on membership. Meerings arc held monthly at Sl. Thomas' was photographed in Tokyo). The suggests that all this exists floating on Church Hall, Toowong, and provide the opportunity for members to characters do not have Soviet names the brain of Solaris. • entertain each other with their skills and also lo act as a forum for (except one, a minor figure, who is discussions, lectures, etc. Armenian.) By the very fact of not The film is longer than it should Annual membership subscription is S3.00 and the monthly meet­ taking sides between "sociaUsm" and be, not only because of the slow ing entrance fee is 25c, for members and SOc. for non-members. A "imperialism" Tarkovsky shows some tempo, but also because it is a monthly newsletter is published and contains information about the political courage. It is also noteworthy litUe repetitious. (We find out several society and other interesting articles concerning the guitar. that the German scientist, very much times that Han is immortal: first For information concerning membership lease contact the follow­ contrary to official and popular she is sent away in a rocket, then she ing people: stereotypes, is a positive character. is cut up so badly that no human being could servive it, and then she Mike Wilson .- Geology Dept, Qld University, Tarkovsky is not interested in crit­ poisons herself in vain - perhaps ones icising some features of Soviet society memories are immortal?) Still, I or 74 1778 (A/H only) but his film unequivocally says that found the film thoroughly engrossing David Leary - 70 7078 (A/H only) when the requirements of "science" and it is certainly a novelty in the Bill Doyle - 365684 (A/H only) and human decency come into conflict general Russian film output. one must always choose decency. THE BRISBANE CLASSICAL GUITAR SOCIETY. This is the point most likely to be Peter Knenx

ideas; to see each other's work; and to. attend teach-ins.on all aspects of puppet­ ry. The programme for the Festival will include lectures on a wide variety of top­ ics of interest to puppeteers, discussion sessions, films of overseas puppet compan­ ies, workshops on puppet making and manipulation and performances by sev­ eral leading AustraUan puppet companies. Special guest at the Festival will be Ger­ man master puppeteer, Albrecbt Roscr. Considered by many to be the world's finest solo puppeteer Mr Roser has been a puppeteer since the eariy 1950's when ' he created his clown, "Gustaf", the cen­ trepiece bf his show. His first miyor re­ cognition came in 1957 when he was awarded the, gold medal at the World Congress of Puppeteers in Bucharest, Mr Roser is currently president of the German association of professional pup­ peteers. He has performed in Asia, South America and North America, This tour, \yhich includes performances in all capi­ In mid-December, Brisbane wUl have Viktor Kliiiienko: Twice winner of tal cities in addition to the Festival ap­ the opportunity to view a magnificent tlie European Gymnastic Champion­ pearances in Melbourne is sponsored by athletic spectacle: the Russian Olympic ships, 1971 and 1973 and gold and the Goethe-InsUtut. Gvmnaslic team. silver medalist at the 1972 Munich Amongst members of the team visit­ Besides taking part in the Puppet Fes­ Olympics. tival, Albrecht Roser, will be giving per­ ing AustraUa, wUI be: This impressive list of athletes will be Olga Kofhut: Winner of three gold formances in Perth (January 6), Adelaide supported by a further 20 champions in Australia's first National Puppet Festi­ (January 8), Hobart (January 10), Mel­ medals and the most dominating gymnastics, trampoUne and balancing val will be held at University House, Mel­ personality of the 19 72 Munich bourne (January 11), Canberra (January displays. bourne University in January 1975. It is 14), Brisbane (January 16) and Sydney Olympics. The Russian team currently compet­ being administered by the Australian Eliz­ Nikolai Andrianov: Gold medal win­ (January'18). ing in the World Championships being abethan Theatre Trust under the sponsor­ • For further information about the ner at the 1972 Munich Olympics held in Bulgaria, will join up with anot­ ship of the Australian Council for the and Champions All winneirin 1974. Puppet Festival and/or Albrecht Roser's her group touring Japan and will be Arts. performances in Brisbane please contact Ludmilld Turlshcva: Gold medalist performing at Festival Hall in Brisbane 77;e Festival is designed to,enable pro­ at the 1972 Munich Olylitpics and John Devitt, Qld Representative, Aust­ on December 16 and 17. Prices arc: fessional and amateur puppeteers and ralian Elizabethan Theatre Trust, SGIO current Womens World Gymnastic $5.70 and party price, $4.00. Bookuigs those interested in puppetry from all over Champion. Theatre, GPO Box 1971, Brisbane 4001, may be made at Festival Hall, •A ustralia to meet togetiier; to exchange •telephon e 21 9'52g. To anyone who saw ELP's 95 minute feature fihn entitled Pictures at an Exhibition which was shown at the Albert in May of this year, what follows will probably read as a wholly inadequate summing up ofthe entire visual experience which constitutes the ELP show. The awesome mass of musical machinery, the special effects, the three fau-haired, intense gentlemen and theu- incredible thunderous music blasted out through a custom-built quadrophonic sound sys­ tem weighing somewhere around twenty tons have so far managed to leave audiences around the world (except Australia - we have yet to see them live) bug-eyed and screaming for more.

Formed some four years ago, Keith eight mini-synthesizers, so that each drum Emerson (ex-Nice), Greg Lake (ex-King has its own individual electronic sound, Crimson) and Carl Palmer (former ses­ A switch on the floor activates any of the sion drummer and ex-Atomic Rooster) mikes, and when the drum(s) with an Keith Emerson of E.L.P. ~ the mad moog man conquering gravity have grown into the biggest (36 tons of active mike(s) is struck, pre-selected ele­ equipment as compared with the Roll­ ctronic sounds are fed into the speakers I don't think any true ELP fan ing Stones' 28 and AUce Cooper's 14) while Palmer crashes on. The potentiaU- GREAT HALL CONCERT and by far the most spectacular road would want to be without it -espec­ ties of a drum kit, which, to a certain ex­ ially the rich ones, because it's the AT show in the history of rock music. Con­ tent, plays itself are mind-boggUng; and sider the foUowing: only ELP album so far recorded in MIAMI HIGH SCHOOL ifyou're curious to see how it sounds, quad. Otherwise it's an ideal sampler Emerson uses six Moog keyboards, have a close listen to the track caUed for anyone who want^ an introduction 28th, 29th December including a 3 keyboard Moog polypho­ Toccata on the Brain Salad Surgery al­ to the subtlety, variety and sheer nic synthesizer, two organs, a Stemway bum, "^ talent of this group- from Lake's $2.50 to $3.00 grand and a humble electric piano to And lastly, Greg Lake, ELP's pro­ beautiful and gentle ballads (StiU 8.00 p.m. produce anythmg from honky-tonk ducer, lyric writer, bass and accoustic ... You Turn Me On, Lucky Man) to ragtime (e.g., Benny the Bouncer) and guitar player and vocaUst. Compared the frenetic classical rock of Ginas- CHINCOGAN (country rock) computer polyphony (Toccata), to ful­ to that of the other two, his equip­ tera's Toccata; from Blake's dignified ly augmented orchestration (Jerusalem) ment appears quite pedestrian - a cathedral-shaker, Jerusalem, to the TURKISH GREEN (Sydney, Each of these tracks is on the Brain Sal­ Fender bass and three Gibson accous- good-timey Jeremy Bender - it's aU rock'n'roll) ad Surgery album. tics. A small space-fUler piece appear­ there. PIRANA (funky rock) .He is obviously the focal pouit of ed in an American music magazine a And even though you've probably the group, performing spectacular feats few months ago which claimed that heard it aU before on the studio albums. of keyboard improvisation, and simult­ Lake possessed a double-necked guitar, I don't honestly think that that is any Drawings by JERZY FLISAK aneously playing a different keyboard of which one neck was a bass and the real reason to go past this one. The instrument with each hand. other a lead, but this writer has yet differences are basically minor, for ins­ When ELP used to do Pictures at an to see, hear or read of confirmation tance, StiU ,.. You Tum Me On is done Exhibition, a set piece based on the of this. (Such an incredible device solely on accoustic guitar unaccompan­ Mussorgsky composition of the same does exist. I know of at least one ied by the booming synthesizer chords name, he became famous for his sexual other musician who possesses one: as in the studio version; but there is a assults on his organ - humping it, stick­ Tony Stevens of Foghat). The only freshness and spontaniety, charact- ing knives into it, and during the track unusual things about Lake are his istic of almost any live one-take- only called The Great Gates of Kiev, pulling penchant for keeping Uve maruie album, which seems to be lost (espec­ the whole thing down on top of himself Ufe in his bathtub, and the S6,000 ially in ELP's case) on studio cuts, and moving it around so that the tortur­ ancient Persian rug he stands on where take, and re-take, dub and over- ed tone-cabinet gave out a sound closely while performing. It may have been dub seem to refine a song to the point approximating that of a huge metal gate the stories of Lake and his carpet where it appears almost Sterile, being opened. Yet for all his showman- levitating during one of his more shop, Emerson is a critically acclaimed inspired stage performances which About three years have elapsed keyboard genius who has no profession­ led ELP to achieve quite literally al training and who taught himself to greater heights. During the last between the release of their first read music. American tour, thanks to ingenious Uve album, Pictures at an Exhib­ The next most spectacular member of roadies, ELP's act cUmaxed with the ition, and Welcome Back My the trio is Cari Palmer, percussionist. Steinway grand, complete with the Friends, and it's interesting to Claiming that when one reaches a certain frantically playing Emerson, slowly rising from the stage and turning compare and contrast the two. point in one's musical career, a personal­ Have ELP really progressed mus­ ised instrument is needed. Palmer went over and over, as though the mad ahead and had one built - at a cost of Moog man had finaUy conquered ically, or have they merely added $25,000. The drums are staiiiless steel gravity. more synthetic sounds and great­ with copper trim and baroque hunting And speaking of music, this brings er volume? Is the concept of scene engravings. Besides the basic bass- me to the point of this article. Foll­ classical-cum-rock music, or for snare-tom-tora kit, Palmer's includes chi­ owing on from the highly successful that matter, music itself, really mes, two tympani, two gongs complete Brain Salad Surgery, ELP have just with dragon emblazings, and a 134 pound released a triple album, budget reaching new levels in their hands church bell. ELP have had to cancel at priced at S14.50, entitled Welcome or are they merely classical rip- least one concert because of Palmer - Back My Friends To The Show That pers-off? From a personal point the stage at Roanoke, Virginia couldn't Never Ends • a record of the 1973- of view, this writer could not support his drums, which, weighing Vh. '74 worid tour. And even though honestly give a stuff. As far as tons is about five times as heavy as your it contains the whole of Tarkus usual kit. But not content with the heav­ and of Brain Salad Surgery done he is concerned, ELP, Still... You iest drums on the road, Palmer went a Uve, as well as excerpts from the Turn Me On. step further and synthesized the whole albums entitled Emerson, Lake and thing, A small pickup microphone inside Palmer and Trilogy (each of which each drum is wired to a box containing has so far sold over a mUlion copies), Ratz.

ANY HIGH SCHOOL KID CAN PHILOSOPHISE ON KUBRICK'S SPACE ODDESSY - BUT TO COMMAND THE RESPECT OF YOUR PEER GROUP, YOU NEED TO HAVE AN INTELLIGENT OPINION ON THE METAPHYSICS OF ANDREI TARKOVSKY'S

RUSSIA'S MAGNIFICENT THOUGHT-PROVOKING FILM ABOUT A SPACE STATION - MAKING 2001 LOOK LIKE JUST A LOT OF GADGETRY. IN COLOUR AND CINEMASCOPE. SEE IT AT THE (JUST A SHORT STEP FROM THE ST. LUCIA FERRY) NEW RIALTO THEATRE, WEST END SCREENING NIGHTLY (EXCEPT SUNDAY) FOR ONE BIG WEEK TO CELEBRATE THE END OF TERM COMMENCING THURSDAY NOVEMBER 21 AT 7:30 (OCCUPIES ENTIRE PROGRAMME). PAGE 32 WE END/THE END. BOOT THE PROVERBIAL BOOT Dear Sir, In tbe ]a.st issue was printed a notice to all Med, students that blandly de­ clares that Christopher Alroe breached the Union Eleclo'ral regulations. It js his fault that (he med. elections have SUBSCRIBE to the Netu Journals been invalidated and he alone, by his Like a dead Wombat -- its ear to vile disregard for Union "Law" has made worthless the votes of an entire the ground faculty. The process of getting rid of New Journalist, him was a long drawn oul chain of events and the accumulation of P.O.BOXK750. Subscription HMyawket, evidence that finally culminated in $4.00 a good number nine boot that not N.S.W. 2000. only sent him out, but his four medical colleagues as well with him. Amen. However now I find that I am no WANTED BY THE UNION longer sorry for breaking the "Laws" if 1 did break them, instead I apologise Student Sign Painter to paint lo those who elected me, for running. variety of signs over the holidays. 1 apologise for supporting the farce of Good money. the Union and the Union elections. It would not have been possible for me lo represent anyone there, not Contact - really this ignorant of the mechanism by Laurence Gormley which our country is run at present, or is even myself. This above all, has be­ he jusl talented in the art of sophistry? come clear to me as I began to observe Ailiixg Chairperson of House, CAUCUS Many Ihings written by this particular for the first time the functioning of c/- Union Office. columnist have been most disagreeable (o my Union. IX'ar Sir. lnc, but I would be the firsl lo defend his The greatest lie we have been fed righl to express his own opinion. However, Ls student apathy, there is not, and when a person abuses this right and prints In Semper Floreat (10.10.74) Terry Gyg­ never was such a thing. How can his fantasies masquerading as facts for ar Uiunclics a two pronjicd allatk on the students be interesled in a Union A.LP. In his column. On llic Left. Botii sec­ political advantage or any other reason, ^tlicn I Ihink il is time for someone lo they did not build, with a constit­ WIT 8 tions uf his column are based on pross mis­ ution they did not write, and in many representations. In tlic llrsl .section, Gygar pour shit on him. Dear Sir, inJiunantly jxise.s lliut lioury old questiun: cases, with counciUors they did not 'JHsl who runs Australia when the Labor Party Your.s, elect, don't even know, have not I wisli to point out with reference to the is in power? ' lie is oulrajied ilul the A.L.P. Julie Kidd. (Med. II) even seen? report published in Semper Issue 15 (24.1(1. ' ciuciisassninesa role in the A.l.,1'. jiovern- And 1 have learnt that we do not 74) of my candidature for Student Senator,, nient. lie speaks ol" the caucus as an 'exlra- have a Union, but rather a blueprint tliat il is only because of my respect lor the parlianientatV clique', a 'nun-rcpresenialive for federal parliament that has for­ freedom of the student press that 1 do not back-room clique who iiavc never been elected REPLY gotten that students are not 'right' or take out a writ of defamation. by the Australian people'. With rcs()cct lo 'left', they are human being.s, What is At the mentioned meeting in llic Union a retvnt decision on tuvation he derisively AN OPEN LETTER TO PAUL refectory, I spoke out against Cowan because declares that 'caucus cracked the wliip and worse the people on council know of his demonstrable lack of concern for the ihc Uibor Parlianienlaiians jumped through RODAN IN REPLY TO HIS that they represent no one, and that studcni inicTcst. While he may be an admirable the hoops'. What kind of stupidity is this? OPEN LETTER PUBLISHED the Union is the most conservative administrator within the world of commerce, Doesn't lie know what a caucus is? Doesn't body on the University campus. Well, this has

R.60HeM WHAT IS CAMPUS CAMP? CONTENTS- .WHAT IS GAY LIBERATION? THE LAW AND THE HOMOSEXUAL IN QUEENSLAND PSYCHOSURGERY IN AUSTRALIA CHURCH : SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON HOMOSEXUALITY SELF OPPRESSION THE RADICAL LESBIAN MANIFESTO THE TWILIGHT WORLD OF THE HETEROSEXUAL WHATIS CAMPUS CAMP? WHAT IS GAY LIBERATION ?

campus camp is a broadly based gay liberation is a socio-political homosexual rights group, movement working initially for centred on the university the freedom from oppression of queensland and aff i of all kinds of men and wom­ iated with the nation­ en who are sexually oriented al campaign against towards members of their moral persecution own sex. homosexual (camp) . 'ncm- law reform is a part of bership is open it, but only a very small to all v/ho part... liberation from sliarc its institutionalized opp­ aims,whelher ression exercised un­ on or off der various forms by camptis, society as a whole is and the more necessary whatever and relevant aim. their sex­ . ultimately it ual orient­ would hope to liber­ ation, the ate the whole of soc­ aims of iety from its hang-up campus about sex and sex camp, as ualityand from the spelled rigid sexism and out in its gender-role condit­ constilul- ioning upon which it ion, are is founded and five-fold: which it maintains a) lo [jfo- to serve its own mote the anti-humanistic ends, interests in a society in which nnd wel­ men do not oppress fare of women and sexual homosex- expression is allowed uals.both to follow feelings in­ mnle and fe- stead of approved mal e, among patterns of behaviour, the staff and the categories of homo­ sludents of the sexuality and heterosexual­ university of Qu­ ity would disappear, how­ eensland and to ever, before we can even begin act in liason with to talk about a new society of similar groups at olher the future, gay people have to de­ tertiary inslttutidns. fend their interests here and now b} to provide a counseilint>, :..~ against all forms of oppression and service for the alleviation of victimization, gay liberation therefore the problems encountered by numbers among its immediate demands: homosexual students, both male - that all discrimination against gay people and female. male and female, by the law, by employers, c) to take part in the campaign for and by society at large should end. absolute equality at law between homo - that all people who feel attracted to a member of

WHAT is CAMPUS CAMP?

Campus Camp is a broadly-based first on Tliursday nights, then on Wednesdays, which FORUM magazine, is cunentiy homosexual rightsgroup , centred on the it has done ever since. We held two parties to involved in plans to set up a telephone University of Quecnsland and affdialcd help launch the group financially and attract counseUing service to help people with with the national Campaign Against Moral members, and undertook our first political sexual problems, particularly those Persecution (CAMP). Membership is activity in May by marchuig with a fair- connected with homosexuality. open to all who support its aims, whether on sized delegation in the Labour Day parade. or off campus, and whatcvcr'their sexual Wc also got some publicity (via interviews Campus Camp wiU continue its activities orientation. The aims of Campus Camp, as with our spokesman, Maurice Blackman) on over the long vacation period, with spelled out in its constitution, arc five-fold: ABC radio and on television. more emphasis on social and "fun" (a) To promote the interests and welfare doings, Membership, which of homosexuals, both male and female, During second term our activities expanded contmues to grow steadily, is around 120 among the staff and students of the rapidly. We addressed two church group s and we look forward to bigger and University of Queensland and to act in and lobbied at three political conventions, better things in 1974; if you are liaison with similar groups al other aU of which attracted the attention of the news interested in the group and want to tertiary institutions media. At the Federal Labour convention, wc find out more about its activities or ' (b) To take part in the campaign for were able to converse informally with top receive the newsletter, please contact absolute equality at law between poUticians, including the Prime Minister and the Campus Camp c/- Students' homosexuals and heterosexuals, and in Attorney -General, and put forward our Union, or ring 707469. For 1974 the campaign against all forms of legal views on legal and other forms of institutional " l\'liy IIDII'I yiiii join .wine nice rit^hi-win,!^. we propose to set up special uiterest or social discriitiination against discrimination against homosexuals. At the pititi-military. ptiriim vlliit-Diicntanul groups; a consciousness-raising group, homosexuals State Liberal Party convention, we scored a youth or}>tnii.\(iit'iin ?" a pubUcations group; any interested (c) To provide a counselling service more direct success by actually persuading a groups or individuals who would Uke to for the alleviation of the problems large majority of delegates to vote in favour of for the removal of laws against homosexual communicate or discuss with us are urged encountered by homosexual students, a motion calling for the removal of laws governing acts between males (gay women arc not to contact us through the above channels, as both male and female sexual behaviour in private. Tltc regional legislated against] in the ACT and the Northern is anyone with ideas or resources to offer (d) To provide a social outlet for conference of the Country Party was Territory. (This action by the Federal (we would be particularly glad to homosexual members of the UniversUy unfortunately more hostile and less receptive Govemment, if successful, might help hear from anyone who is into film-making); community toourpoint of view. to infiuence tlic state parliaments to (c) To educate the community at large introduce their own reforms.) During WHAT IS GAY LIBERATION? regarding homosexuality, the situation At the end of July we organised a visit to Gay Pride Weed wc undertook various of male and female homosexuals, and the Brisbane by the N.S.W, co-presidents of attention-getting activities, such as Gay Liberation is a socio­ wider issues connected with sexual CAMP, Lex Watson and Sue Wills, who distributing leaflets to schoolboys and political movement working initiaUy liberation. spoke at two public forums on campus, holding rallies in King George Square - for the freedom from oppression of as well as appearing on television and and even giving out free fairy floss in aU kinds for men and women who arc Campus Camp pursues three main streams meeting with members of our group. front of the Refec - which, while not sexually oriented toward members of activity which arc tending to merge We finished off the term with a remarkably exactiy earth-shaking in their consequences, of their own sex. Homosexual more and more, so that the distinctions successful Gay Dance in the Union, at least help to keep the issues hivolved with law reform is a part of it, but only a between them are blurred. Tlicse activities attracting 500 people of alt sexes, at which homosexuality before direct contact very small part: Uberation from institutionaUsed arc:social and "fun" activities where gay Campus Camp formaUy "came out" in a with "one of them poofters" and by oppression exercised under various forms by people understand and accept themselves and moving ceremony graced by Theh Most media coverage particularly through society as a whole is the more relevant become aw.ire of their oppressed position Britannic Majesties Victoria and Albert. TV and radio, which allows us to put our and necessary aim. Ultimately, it would in society; political and propaganda views hi a fahly comprehensive way. hope to Uberatc the whole of society from activities (demonstrations, distribution of Attention in third term has focused on its hangups about sex and sexuality and from leaflets, street-theatre etc) designed to aquaint Gay Pride Week, held during the second Other activities tills term have involved the rigid sexism and gender-role conditioning politicians and the public at large with our week of September and celebrated gi^ng out leaflets al some churches, upon which it is founded and which it views on matters conccrnin|! us, to counteract simultaneously in Adcbidc, Melbourne, addressing groups from the Humanist Society maintains to serve its own antihumanislic prejudice and ignorance, and with the immediate Sydney and Brisbane, and designed and the Australia Party, and organismg a ends. In a sopiety in wliich men do not aim of encouraging law reform and institutional to stimulate public interest and awareness public talk by David Blamircs, a well- oppress women, and sexual expression is reform in many areas affecting gay people. about homosexuality and the position of known Quaker and homosexual rights allowed to follow fecUngs instead of gay people hi our society as a kind of worker from the Religious Society of approved patterns of behaviour, the Campus Camp was officially constituted in background for preparatory moves in Friends (Quakers) and the Humanist categories of homosexuality and heteroxuaUty April 1973 and began meeting regularly, tiie Federal Parliament to clear the way Society, and with the backing of would disappear. what is gay liberation,..continued

However, before we can even betiin lo talk people senseless guilt complexes in gay people so that they can come lo accept about a new society of the future, - that pay people be as legally free to contact themselves in the face ofa subtly and gay people have to defend their interests other gay people through newspaper ads, on not-sosubtly hostile society, so that they here and now against ul! forms of oppression the streets and by any other means Ihcy m.iy may gain the courage to challenj;e and victiiuisation. Gay Liberation tiierefore want as arc heterosexuals, and that police erroneous and oppressive stereotyped numbers among its immediate demands; harassment .should cease right now attitudes; then it musl analyse and challeni;e - that all discrimination uiiainst - that employers should no longer be the Stereotyped attitudes and conditioned uay people, male and female, allowed to discriminate against anyone roles that operate within the gay world and by the luw, by employers, and by society on account of their sexual preferences .serve lo oppress gay people from within. at large should end, - that the ape of consent for gay people - that all people who fee! attracted lo a member be the same as for straights Tlirec of the main areas in which .society of their own sex be taught tliat such fecliniis - That gay people be as free lo kiss and exercises oppression against homosexuals are perfectly valid display affection in public as are heterosexuals. arc the legal, medical and religious forms - that sex education in schools stop being of discrimination. In the following exclusively heterosexual (that is, where it Gay Liberation is not only directed at straight articles, we look at some of the ways exists at all) society; il has an equally iiiiporlant function in which this discrimination acts. - that psychiatrists stop treating homosexuality to fulfil for homosexuals ihcmsclves. Firstly, as thoupti it were sickness, thereby giving gay it must work to instU a sense of Gay Pride Maurice Blackniann AGE OF CONSENT ?D0 I CONSENT ? DOES YOUR FATHER CONSENT ? DO THE NEIGHBOURS CONSENT ?

r:^TCi

THE PRESE>rr STATE OF POUCE AND PUBUC PREJUDICE TO HOMOSEXU/\LS AT LARGE WXSW SEEM TD INOO^TE Tl lAT /\NY ORGANISED ATTEMPT TO PRO\aDE 1IQMOSEXUALS IN QUEENSLAND WITII OPPORTUNITIES TD MEET OFF THE STREET WOULD BE MEr WITH DlFHCULllES AND RESISTANCE William A Lee, RA., LLB. Solicitor (Ellwand) Senior Lecturer in Law, lAiiversity of Qu(»iisland. THE LAW AND THI: HOMOSEXUAL IN QLD - A Legal Interpretation

The first thing to stress about the law rebting The offence appears in the Old Testament a positive act: the person, intending lo commit of 1885. That act was solely concerned with to homosexuals in Queensland is that it is not (Leviticus XX, v 13) where it is made the offence, begins to put his intention into the control of prostitution and it lias often an offence to be a homosexual, llicrc arc no punishable by death. In the reign of execution, and manifests his intenlion by been repeated tiiat s. 11 was introduced by laws against homosexuaUty as such. Richard I, men were hanged and women .some overt act. motion of Mr. Labouchcre during debate were drowned for committing this offence. in the llou.se of Commons. Although a The criminal code confines its attention An act which faUs short of this offence question was raised as to the appropriateness to certain sexual practices which homosexuals Tlic death penalty was retained for the may well amount to an indecent practice - of including material so foreign to the tend to engage in; il does not otherwise concern offence in England untU 1881, when Ufe secs.211 below. objects of the BiU, the Speaker assured the itself with the homosexual. imprisonment was imposed for it. In House thai it might include the provision, Queensland, the Ufe sentence was reduced SECTION 21 n - INDECENT TREATMENT which was then put in without any Apart from the major question of whether to a fourteen year sciitence when the Qld OF BOYS UNDER FOURTEEN: debate on the merits (see Sir Travcrs the criminal law should set itself up as the Parliament was considering tho Criminal Humphreys - A book of Trials guardian of the bedchamber, perhaps the m:un Code in Committee in 1899 (Queensland "Any person who unlawfully and indecently (1953) at p.34 (1956) Crim. Uw Rev. plank in the platform of homosexual law reform Parliamentary Hansard, Vol. 82 at P. 280). deals with a boy under the age of fourteen at p. 22) is that the existing laws discriminate against years is guUty of a crime and is liable to men: what is permitted between a man and a imprisonment with hard labour for seven The Queensland Government adopted the . woman, or between a woman and a woman, is In England since 1967, however, where years" lingUsh act by the Criminal Law an imprisonable offence when engaged in the acl is between consenting adults, there Amendment Act of 1891 (55 Vic. No. 24) between a man and a man; and the law is is no penalty (unless the consenting adults COMMENT; but decided to omit s.l 1, In other word^ incapable of uniform enforcement. arc merchant seamen at sea). Wliere one in 1891, the Queensland Government decided of the parties is not an aduli, Ihere are The question of deaUng with youngsters would be S.I I was inappropriate to be included. There arc two other preUminary remarks to criminal penalties but they may not be clearly outside the scope of any reasonable plea be made: one is: the attitude of the police instituted without ihe conscnl of for a tolerant attitude to homosexuals. Tlie In introducing the Bill lo the House at the is at least as important as the content of the Director of l^ibUc Prosecutions. real issue, in the case of youngsters, is lack second reading the Premier, Sir Samuel the criminal law. Tlic other is that of capacity to consent. Gril'fitii said: "There arc some people who even if crimes discriminating against homosexuals COMMENT think that in dealing with these subjects were removed from the statute book, whether the SECMON 211 - INDECENT PRACTICES any intercourse except that sanctioned homosexual would be permitted to lead a life It would seem that this offence is retained BI:TWEI',N MALI:S: by maniage ought to be treated as a freed from anxiety would depend very much on the Statute book as a serious offence crime. That is a proposition I do not on the degree to which public and privale simply becuase il has been Ihere for so "Any male who, whether in public or private, think can be maintained. It has not prejudice could be reduced. long - since the day s of the Old Testament commits any act of gross indecency with another been found practicable in any virtuaUy. Nevertheless, in practice, llie male person or procures another male person lo counlry in the civilised worlds to deal 1. THE OFFENCES OF THE CRIMINAL CODE criminal courts appear to take a .serious view of commit any act of gruiis indecency with him, or with Ihcm as we find human nalure... Tlie Criminal offences which liomoscxuals may this crime only in cases where violence and lack attempts to procure the commission of any such I would say that as practical men we be templed to commit afc set out in sections of consent is involved or where a person in acl by any male person wilh liimself or with should bear in mind that we are 208, 209, 210, 211, 227 and 337 of the Queensland a position of trust or domination commits the another male person, whether in public or private, deaUni; with Iniman nature as it exists Criminal Code, and arc as foliows:- offence with a person entrusted to him or is guilty of a misdemeanour, and is liable lo in the worid and in Queensland; our dominated by him. llie indications are that, imprisonment with hard labour for three circumstances and cUmate being what SECTION 208. UNNATURAL OFI-ENCES! where it is a matter between consenting years. tlicy :irc." (Parliamentary llans;ird, adults only , or an adult and a consenting l891,Vol85atp/l734). "Any person who - juvenile where the juvenile is instigator, 'Hie offender may be anested without a warrant." 1. Has carnal knowledge of any person the court is more Ukely lo place the The fact that the UHl was in most agaiast the order of nature; or convicted person on a bond that to send COMMENT: respects borrowed from I'npland 2. Has carnal knowledge of an animal; or Iiim to prison. was not mentioned in Parliament 3. Permits a male person to have carnal Tlie word "indecency" has no defined legal and there was no reference to the SECTION 209 - ATTF.MPTTO COMMIT knowledge of him or her against the order meaning, and may heretofore change m content omission of s.l 1 of the English act. UNNATURAL OFFENCES: as pubhc sentiments with regard lo these matters of nature; change. (Tlie word "gross" means simply "plain Nevertheless, eight years later s.l 1 is guilty ofa crime, and is Uable to imprisonment "Any person who attempts to commit any evident, obvious). became incorporated into the Criminal with hard labour for fourteen years. of the crimes defined in the last preceeding Code without any debate. section is guUty of a crime, and is liable A person may conimil an act of gross Tlic first and third of these offences are often to imprisonment with hard labour for seven indecency 'Svith" another although, that other In other words, when the Quecnsland described as sodomy or buggery, both of which years. person docs not consent to it, the word "with" .^:^^ «: Jl^ mean the same thing- meaning "directed towards" rather than "with the consent of". So that it is quite Conseni is no defence, although where a parly Tlic offender can not be anested without a po.ssibIe that one accused may be convicted consents, he is regarded as an accomplice and warrant." but the other aeouitled - see R. v. Door his evidence must be corroborated. (Section COMMENT: (1954) 0,W.N.4. 632 of the code) It may weU be that one man may attempt The question of proof and corroboration is to commit sodomy or buggery with another, Physical contact is not necessary: an dealt wilh below. The fourteen year sentence whether witii or without his consent, but he indecent exhibition is enough (K.V, may seem to be exccssiive but was imposed may faU to occonipUsh what he sets oul Hunt and Badsley (1950) as reccnily as 1967 in Queensland in the case to do. TechnicaUy he has not committed 2 aU E.U. 291) of a pack rape wilh violence to a young man. any offence under s.208. Tliis provision (U.v. Phillips and Liwrence (1967) enables procccduigs lo be brought against llie provision is taken from s. 11 of the Qd.R.237) liim for his attempt. An attempt mu.st be English (.'riiiiinal Law Aiiiendment Act I DONT WANTTD BE 1DIERATI:D. TIIAT" WOUN'DS MY LOVE OF LOVIi AND OF UBERTY. -JEANCOCTEAU tlic law and the homosexual ...continued

(Iovernment directed its mind to this provision 'llie fact remains, however, that in HOMOSEXUALS AND VIOLENT CRIMINALS in 1891, il dropped it from the proposed the vast majority of cases the only Tlie homosexu.i! is Ukewise the easiest victim legislation. Wlien il adopted il in 1899, corroboration that the police can hope for of the violent criminal. A person with a it did not even debate it. (Hans;ird, 1899 is a confession of the accu.sed, and this tendency fo violence will select a homosexual Vol 82 at P.2H0) Ls the only real protection that the law as his victim believing that he wiU be afraid it is perhaps not unwarranted lo comment can offer to the homosexual since he to complain to flic police. In no area is the folly lliat if this offence was not appropriate is never obliged to make a confession. of the laws against homosexual conduct more lo Queensland in 1891, il is less so today. apparent than here: for the availabiUty ofa it is quite general propo.silion that class of vulnerable victims encourages Si:rriON227: no lawyer concerned with tlie defence aimcs of violence and the violent criminal Hiis section makes it an offence lo commit of an accused person would ever can thereafter be expected to extend his range an indecent act in a public place. It is not allow him to make a statement to of victims. As the law stands, the violent directed particularly against homosexuals. the police without first vetting il. criminal is protected as against the A statcnicnt made "volunlarUy" homosexual. S1TT10N228: to the police may weU contain Hiis .section makes il an offence lo sell unnoticed inaccuracies which wiU POLICE ATTITUDES or expose for sale any obscene book or later cause the greatest damage to It is difficult to assess what police attitudes article. Again il is not directed particularly the accused. Many hundreds arc towards tho homosexual offender in ajyiinst homosexuals. of innocent people have been Queensland. Tlie attitude of one officer may convicted because they have made be more tolerant than that of another. It is PROOL Oi- HOMOSEXUAL OFFENCES: incautious statements to the poUce. underslandablc,howcver, that the police want Before anyone can be convicted of any of 'lliousands of people have been convictions, and it must be difficult for a the above descrihed offences, there has convicted who would otherwise poUce officer to resist the temptation of to be proof of his guilt. have gone free, simply because they charj^ing a homosexual who has confes.sed made a statement bct^orc consulting to a criminal acl, even if he is the victim In Ihu case of hiimoscxuals who engage in a defence lawyer. ofviolence. It would be indeed extremely inter­ ci>nsenting practices in privale, not only esting to know how many crimes of serious is there virtually no physical evidence In the ca.se of homosexual acts the law violence, including murder, could be solved of llicir crime no violence is recognises that it is impossible fo convict if homosexuals dared speak freely. coniiiiilted, no property stolen -- but on the unsupported tcstimonji of an .S.632 of the criminal code prcwides accomplice. Hut homosexuals In favour of police attitudes in Queensland, there Ihat a perscm cannot be convicted of an frequently throw aw.iy that proiection does not appear to be a poUcc practice of using iifl'cnte on the uncorroborated testimony by committing themselves to damaging decoys to trap homosexuals. of an accoiiiplici- and a coiiscnling person statcmenls. 'Ilierc is only one golden is an accoiiipUcc. rule for any person charged with a ACLUli FOR HO.MOSEXUALS? homosexual offence, whether lliis rule pr'.oxn,'l,(> liisl hit Ihe jiicsh in April doctor and became very light-lipped when his best subjects have come from the courts ilii. yi-:n I liioj to liiul out wli;il it w.is all 1 told Ihem I wasn't. Dr Bailey, on (he and thai he really musl busy himself in aiM.ijt. I cDiil.Klcil Un- niJiii leaching olher hand, did not even ask my name or gelling round lo talking to judges becau.se collcgfs .itul hospitals ill and aioiitui why 1 was inleiested in his work. He must only a few knew whal he was doing. S\ilncv iMil no mic imild or would toll me eitiier he iwlrcmcly proud of his work or I asked him if the medical profession in v.lio WHS doini; br.iin-surgcry or where cMreniely conscious of public di.>;gusl for Austraha was hoslile to his work. He papers luiii been publislieJ. his work, I g.iined Ihc impression that the assured inc that in fact, the profession was i lenicmbcfcd leading in the latter was the case. most enlhiisiaslic and not al all hoslile. 1 "Aiistr;ili;in'" sometime la.st year of a Dr Hailey ;issiired me Ih.-it his operation said Ihal 1 found this hard lo believe LUKIOI who li'-slilied ill court Ihat he was (riiigulo-lrachotoiny) was not a lieatiiienl considering the great deal of hostility in oiH'ialing on ;i hoiiiosoxuars bruin. 1 for homosexuality as such but rather a the USA. (.hocked hack aiul found that the doctor treaiiiicnl for sexual immalurity. But, of w;i.s Harry R. Bailey. Mil, BS. MANZCP, course, il you took Ihc view, as he did, that Dr Bailey said that thus was all due to DI'M (Syd.) of Macqiiiirie Sired. I rangDr homosexualily was a syniptoin of sexual ignorance and if Ihcy bothered lo find out Bailey and asked him il he hud published immaturily, then, indeed honio.sexuals are what he was doing the hostility would end. iiny papers on liLs so-called cure. He lold lil subjects for his bpelratlon. I remarked that considering the lack of nic lie liad not published anything but he According to Dr Bailey, his leam does published material it would appear that the did have a paper in press and it would 'HI''; of all such opeialions in Australia. So psychosurgeons were afraid to publish. Dr appear .soon in the Australian Medical far they have done 150 operations of Bailey assured me that he was not afraid lo lournal.. No one else had published wliieh. .IS';.'- were on homosexuals. At publish, he was just being purcful. Our sell opprc.ssion,..contiiiued

Uiscriininatioii by the Christian Church Hie prince is a parody of the princess in musty chairs from a medieval and other forces of social control have mes­ male drag, andthe cowboy and leather Italian monastery. merized them inlo believing that they are images common lo the American gay ihoroughly rollcn sex degenerates, a class scene are rcally liyperniasculinc expressions We cjinnot really expect most fairy of perverted lialf-inen doomed to live of that same spirit of romanticism which princesses lo rip down Iheir chandeliers, a livini: hell andbeyond Ihe scope of creates the Iwo-bil impersonation of Uellc smash Iheir plaster statues of D.ivid, kick their humanity. They are unable to iniaiiiiie Davis. poodles oul, or (\cii from fairyland to lliat gay is good. rcaUty. .\losl arc simply |«o old i'or that. Iiul we Japan too has ils special tradition of mascul­ should expose our l*riiicess lioradora This faith that he is liie predestined inized gay romanticism - the samurai image - I'emadonna so that our younsjer brothers viclim of delcriTiinism explains wiiy ^.w and like his American cowboy counlerparl, will not faU inlo the lavender cesspool traditionalists are drawn lowards aslroloiiy, the gay sanuirai relives an era long gone. and be swept down the sewers of fantasyland. Ihe occult, and superstitious ideas of every 'lliere are even special Japanese bars wiiere We must make our gay brothers realize thai !.'<»" sort. 'Iliey desperaiely want to be the participants gather in full eighteenth- flic princess trip is a rotten one, a .self- heleroscMial, but they believe the hand century samurai drag, swords and all. deluding flight into a past that never w.is, '.'•i''. of cruel talc is sel aj'ainsi tliciii. Some an artificiality, and an escape from becotiie [lelievers in reincarnation, hoping IVrhaps there arc those who arc altogether reality. It is a selfish, self-scrvinj',, to lie reborn "whole'" in the ne.\l generation opposed to the image fantasy, but wc must inational and malcrialislic journey which shuns real human relations for past images and Others join any number ofthe many phony remember that fantasy has always been things material, and human relationsare religious and bogus "scienlific" cults in a basic part lof the human experience. what heiii!; gay is all aboui. an ever-seeking search to find meanini; in Aflcr all, tlction and drama are rcally dignified their lives. Victims of Ihe princess expressions of this same human urge. syndrome probably account for a large 'Hie danger wilh fantasy is that the participant reprinted from proportion of the male membership may become the image he allempls to project gay sunshine. in the manipulative sects and cults which to .such an extent that he moves frotn consvious flourish inthe llollywood area. make-believe to a I'antasyland where he is unable to separate the real fromthe imagined, Since the fairy princess cannot explain his and Ihe fairy princess rcally thinks he has life rationally, he lends lo view everything become a real lairy princess. irrationally, and irralionality and superficial cinotionalisin and sentimentality bcconies lliere is another danger with role-playing, l*t a hallmark of the princess. Kather than usiny a danger which pro. firidly affects all reason, he emotes, and he emotes on Immaniiy. Because the fairy princess stereotype and ceremony because these identifies with the heroic, the wealthy, produce order and certainly in an otherwise the noble and Ihc romantic, he becomes an half-closeled gays over 30, and ! disordered, irrational world. He simply aulhorilarina, for these real or fancies don'l think most of our older broliiers refuses lo either accept or understand image figures come lo rule his life. will escape from it. 'Ihosc ai-.im; science because il demands Ihal There is always the danger that he princesses wUl simply linj'.cr on unto rational and ordered mind which would wiU identify wilii a mi.s;intliroptc Hitler. death as past relics of a bygone er;i in cause chaos in his ej-.o-cenlric world. So far, the most America has been able their fantasy world of p

We were conscr\'ative. aiidin some ways more conservative than our riuislers, Lesbian, We do not accept the word m tiie necessary in reaction to our sexist We recognise our oppression as women. but wc were conservatives of a very sense that if is traditionaUy used in to condilioninp. We understand the specific threat th;sl dilferent sort than the American Cotliic with describe, explain and Umit us, Tiuough our Uving without men poses lo the institutions his grim and nanow-niinded proteslant our experience we have come to sec We want to overcome the division of monogamy and the nuclear family, ethic. I suppose one would call us its poUtical significance. "Lesbian is flic tjetween women - to touch, relate, institutions which arc tlic basis and thc cultural conservatives who led lu\ury label that holds every woman in Une." to give strenjlli and vaUdily to each Iraining schools of the patriarchy. Thay is to the i;slablislinu;nl;and we were sclfisli, It's fhe fear word that says a woman other. We want women lo be why we organise as pay women apart petty, and vain Uttle men who dedicated has stepped outside her .sex-role: - when that's able lo rebte lo women on aU levels. from our gay brothers. Gay men, though their lives to preserving the past and what we want fo do, the word loses its Wc want lo relate as individuals, oppressed, do still receive she autoni.itic serving our masters, the rich. We called bite. not as elements in a corrupt ideology. benefits of bein[; male in a patriarchal ourselves "artists", but greatness in Tucking with another women just sociely. Lesbians can only receive the art consists in innovation, nut repelilion Conditioning as a woman bcjpns early. removes one more barrier in our automatic oppression oi bcine feiii.ile of the old. I'or that reason, if lor none Women are deluded into thinking that minds •- enables u.s lo learn to love in a patriarchal socici>. There ate other, the lairy princess is un evil tiiey are getting as good a deal as a our women-selves in another woman, il profes.sions tradilionally allotted lo gay demoness because slu- siillvs ami smothers man, just different. Lesbbnsare not is another eradication of oppression. men, but there's not even .1 patcniaiisiic those crc.ttivc ura's deep witiiin us. conned into accepting their situation But every woman wiio Ukes and works hand to women. Clay mon h.ivc their heroes -- Shakespeare. Osc.ir Wilde • but arc taught that lesbianism witii other women is "gay" by society's while ours are siippressid: who knows that The fairy princess cicafes a is a product of penis envy, arrested standards. I'or us, gay consciousness l-'loicncc Nightingale and Joan of Arc roniaticisod, eiiocenlric, ami spurious development, personaUty inadequacies, is feminist consciousness. relaled to womcir:Homosexiial men inner world I'airyland sol Lii;ain.st honnones. Society expects conceahneni have alway.s had the option ol compromising, outer reality because he lives a friislrated of us. To the oppression of being a woman We want a yendertess society, thai is, of receiving approval by being worthwhile life of eniolioiiat deprivation and isnlatjini due Ls added tiie oppressionof concc.dnient. a sociely that doesn't differentiate ciibrens. Women aren't supposed to act to feelings of inadeijuacy and woriliii'ssness This is wiiy coining out is importanl. on the basis of sex, whore people relate lor themselves, thi'v are the power behind in the real world. These feelings

is a biological aberration. be interpreted in its second last paragraph agree with the sentiments of Dr. Norman Pittenget! such a ceremony. 1 would not without to be open to the possibiUty of saying that "fhe homosexual partnership is not marriage consultation in the Body of Chrbt. 1 am just Dr. Paul Jones, an American Methodist a homo.sexual relationship may not be in the sense in which that estate has by now a member of it). theologian writing in Ihe Pastoral I'.sychology .sinful. become ani'established order'. But with him, magazine gives a comprehensive description I want lo hold open the possibUity of recognising Of course, if we arc to talk this way out of of what il is lo be homosexual: "It is no longer under God the Christian character of such concern for an ostracized minority -and our To remove doubts as to 'whether I am a matter of mind, but the total orientation a union. Lord found hinsclf again and again numbered endorsing a Uccntious approach lo of his makeup, of his psycho­ with the outcasts - there arc other things the homosexual relations let mc quote a few (To say this is not to say that I would perform physical constitution, his urpcs, character, church wiU have to face in its muiistry to dispositions Ihcmsclves taken as a whole. homosexual persons e.g. law amendments, And over this theindividual has no control '»'•*•*•'»' counselling services, social centres. whatsoever, any more than the heterosexual To date this minority, as much as any in can develop sexual feeUngs for the same RESOLUTION ON HOMOSEXUALITY our community, is excluded from the sex by taking thought, ot by desensitizing ilililili'ilililxwiiiililiiiv^^ (Adopted by the Genetal Conference ministry of Christ. his feelings concerning female beauty. Tlicre ofthe Methodist Church in 1970) can be no understanding.of the homosexual Of course, we could go into the unless one senses the profuond depth of The special problems related to homosexuaUty question of fhe ordination of homosexual sexual orientation in general and the homosexual demand education, research, and a sincere endeavour candidates for the ministry. It's orientation in particular. This is what Guy for compassionate understanding and responsible been happening for years suncptitiously. Strait means by speaking of them as 'one action. It's bemg talked about openly now. group of people who can no more change ii their nature than a Negro can change ^H In Ihe Ught ofthe fact tiiat ParUament, society TIic point b that just as my heterosexual nature the color of his skin. Or in Towards a Quaker View of Sex,"one should no more •i'iiit™uM)bt*'."^*^'^'^*S'i'i*i'i^^ and the church do not consider fornication, is a talent to be invested for my Lord (Luke deplore 'homosexuality* than left handedness'." adultery and lesbianism as criminal offences, I9:13f0 so is his or her homosexual nature. Wti we consider that homosexual acts between consenting male adults should not be proscribed The crucial scientific question then is by tlie criminal law. whether or not the confirmed adult SUMMARY homosexual can be "cured". That we draw the attention ofthe church fo the Heterosexual marriage is certainly no fact that should the laws in AustraUa be I.. HomosexuaUty b, I beUcvc, biologicaUy cure. It can be disastrous. Special ^Pl^iiiii amended lo incorporate tins principle, each unnatural. surgery techniques or aversion therapies are •:•:•:•:•:• Christian will stiU be required to determine 2, Promiscuity is wrong in sexual relationship. considered unwise by the authorities I have ^^^^^3^'^^^^^^^^^^^^S^^^S-:^:^^ whether or not such relationships are worthy (The relationship not fhe act determines read, though a ca.sc may be made for them for him or her in the light of Christianfcaching. moraUty). if a person is a cleu social danger (but this 3, Not only are homosexual acts appUes to heterosexuals anyway). That in order to assist those with homosexual between persons who hitend a permanent (including lesbian) tendencies to make a union in God's love not criminal, they arc Dr. Peter Scott gives a rcspresentative opinion responsible decision in regard fo any future not sinful cither, nor should the church when he writes: 'From the very extensive ilili-ijxvXWwilijili^ rclaftonship, compassionate and competent consider them as such. Uterature and from 10 years' experience •*••/• VI counseUing be avaUable in church and society. of treating and watching theresults of others I have to agree...that there is no evidence 'that the direction of intensely homosexual •XvMs'i"I'M*M*X'X\vX'X*'-!vI /I'OEt. Mej-TOfJ drives can be successfuUy altered', (quoted D.J. West, page 220) paragraphs from the Quaker 'View of Sex which I am able to endorse thoroughly: We may conclude that in the Australian "It is now necessary to emphasise that population, there are about a quarter of wc arc not saying that aU homosexual a mUUon adult persons for whom it is as acts or relationsliips arc to be encouraged. difficult to imagine becoming heterosexual It is difficult shortly to suggest circumstances as if is difficult for most of fhe rest of us which may give them a quaUty of sin. But to imagine becoming homosexual, first of aU any eliment of force or coercion, ression or abuse of some superior position, must IS HOMOSEXUALITY A SIN? obviously put an act beyond the pale and leave it to be condemned. The In accordance with this understanding authors of this essay have been depressed of Ihe personaUty of the confirmed quite as much by the utter abandon of homosexual we may assume (as Thielecke many homosexuals, especiaUy those who puts it) "that the homosexual has to Uve in homosexual circles as such, as by tcaUse his optimal etlucal potcntiaUtics the absurdity of the condemnation rained on the basis of his irreversible situation". down upon the weU-behaved. One must disapprove of the promiscuity and To say that homosexuaUty is a sin is to selfishness, the lack of any real affection, which make a condemnation which ignores the is the stamp of so many adult relationships, distinction usually made between the heterosexual as weU as homosexuaL We sinner and the sin, so fundamental to his see nothhig in them often but thmly SELF OPPRESSION being is his homosexuaUty. (In my view disguised lust, unredeemed by that real therefore, it's wrong to draw the analogy concern which has always been the essential One of the most insidious and subtle between homosexuaUty and, say, Christian requirement m a human relationship. forms of oppression that derives from alcoholism; homosexuaUty is a fact Western sexism is the internaUsed of Ufe much closer to the centre of sex-role conditioning that for so But it b also obvious tiiat the reaUy promiscouous a person's t>euig than the affUction of long has been a part of the homosexual and degraded homosexual has not been helped by alcohoUsm). conditioning (just as male chauvmism tht total rejection he has had to face. Society b a characteristic of the heterosexual has not said 'if you do that, that b all right, but condition), Tlie internaUsed seU'-oppression Yet, of course, tiie homosexual is a sinner, as to fhe othet, we cannot approve of that'. It has b a particularly nasty trick whereby straight but so too is the heterosexual. They may said 'whatever you do must be wrong: indeed ideologies persuaded homosexuals to both sin in their sexual behaviour. you are wrong'. oppress themselves and simultaneously The question unpUed is, "What is it tiiat give those ideologies the justification Only U" Society is prepared to revise thb makes a sexual act riglit or wrongls it they sought to oppress gays. The American judgement and to accepteven degraded tiie nature of the act itself (be it intercourse, Gay Liberationbts have been particularly homosexuals as human beuigs, can they cunnilingus,sodomy, or mutual masturbation) concerned wilh the analy

riic Christian Churches have always been homosexual partnerships where uneasy wiien deaUng with persons intend a faithful and loving commitnient matters of sexuaUty. Nowhere is this more under God". Hie statement led to bhter true than in its attitudes towards homosexuality: discussion within the Methodist ITIiurch, tiie churches can't even come to aju-ccnicnf as ostensibly about the question of niarrkipe, to wiiether homosexuaUty as such is a sin but more fundamentally about homo­ in it.self, or merely homosexual behaviour; sexuaUty itself. Tliis is notwithstanding some raving fundamentalists interpret the fact that the .Methodist Church has tiie sfory of Sodom and C.omonah as a policy rq'.ardinj; homosexuals which, indicating that God ilanins aU male though very condescendin}; and patronising, homosexuals to etern.il fire and brimstone b al least not violently anti. (flus Bbrf of christian usuaUy ignores or disbcUeves in the female homosexual). rhou.Kh there are many points on which Tlie same fundamentalists conveniently Campus Camp would dis;igrce with the forget the story of David and Jonathan (not views of Dr Preston - apart from the to mention Girist's attitude towards the meaningless concept of homosexuality as woman taken in adultery). On the other a biological aberration", the patronising hand sonic clerics — an American tolerance of homosexuals "as long as they Methodbt niini.sfer, and AustraUan Congregational are married" is bolh offensive and cleric and a European CathoUc priest to oppressive in its attempts to force the name a few recent cases - have openly (decaying) inslitutions of "normal" society {dvcn their blessing to a homosexual union. on people who have rejected them — wc feel that the article is intrinsicaUy The foUowing article, by Dr. Noel Preston interesting for the way it reveals the uneasy of the Central Methodbt Mission, arose rationaUsitions that small -1 out of a particular conti:ovcrsy last Uberal theology b forced into in its June, when in the course of a pubUc attempts to cope witii homosexuaUty. forum on homosexuaUty Dr. Preston The bitter debate which led to the wiiting remarked :"Society is beuig forced to CQ=1 ..a of the article, and the fact that Dr Preston lethuik its expectations of marriage. Thb felt caUed upon to "justify" the homosexual may lead to different forms of marriage arc thcnifclvcs most instructive about the (...) The Qiurch will have to face the ^N> mainstream chrbtian attitude towards possibiUty of conveying its blessing on homosexuals.

SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON HOMOSEXUALITY

By NOEL PRESTON

Thb is not a fuUy comprehensive in these population explosion days). I wonder if the same critics are as rigid molest young children than others'," discussion of homosexuaUty. The Sexual acts Uke 'onanism' were in their interpretation of all passages of (1970 General As.sembly Qiurch and Nation range of readers wiU need to be ready regarded as 'spUUng' and hence losing scripture (c.g. Jesus sayings on divorce, and Report). to forgive mc if it is too technical a of "the seed'. Homosexual acts particularly the injunction to capital punishment document m parts or tf it b not are not capable of producing offspring; for those who commit homosexual acts. Lew 20: Homosexuals are not necessarily promiscuous; sufficientiy so ui other parts. they foo were condemned. 13). I have found some people recentiy they may form faithful relationships, though who are generaUy open in their interpretation tiic degree of promiscuity in the sub-culture of The aims of the paper axe modest. There is now some dtffercnce of of scripture who suddenly become homosexuaUty may relate to the niarked lack opuiion whether one of the Old UtcraUsts on this question. Is this of social recognition and community support My concem is to focus on issues which 1 Testament passagct (Gencsb 19:4-11) inconsistency a betrayal of prejudice? for homosexual behaviour i.e. driving bcUcve Christians ought to be looking at, refers to homosexuaUty or the faUure the homosexual underground probably makes and, especiaUy, raising the question as to observe rules of liospitaUty. If the Bible is a book of moral rules with il more Ukcly that he wiU be scxuaUy to whether homosexuaUty b to be absolute, Uteral autiiority, then wc promiscous. regarded as sin any more than it can be In the New Testament, the Pauline Guistians arc in the business of condemning said that heterosexuaUty is sin. (For epbties arc the place where homosexuals (even to death). Jesus refused What of flic incidence of homosexuaUty? instance, 1 do not go mto fhe matter homosexuaUty b condemned (Romans to use the Bible that way -much to the Dr. BaU, a Melbourne psychiatrist, quotes of removhig the legal penalties by the 1:26,27;1 Cor. 6:9,10; 1 Tim. 1: annoyance of hb critics. He pointed the foUowing estimates for Western society: state against practising homosexual persons. 9,10) Jesus himself did not speak of it, so to the fundamental law -- love of God and one thud of aU men at some lime in their The enclosed statement of the Methodist far as we know. St. Paul's remarks, especiaUy neighbour. Surely that is the scriptural Uves have a homosexual experience; 3-6 per Church of Australasia on this matter in the first chapter of Romans, arc a reflection basb ultimately for what is right and WTong cent of males have a confirmed homosexual represents my views). of hb Jewish background, in which sexuaUy, fixity; 1-3 cent of women are exclusively homosexuaUty w~ds taken to be tied in lesbians in drive. DEFINITION with tho human tendency to idolatry. SCIENTIFIC DATA Tlioy are also, wc cannot doubt, an The figurerab c two further matters: (a) By homosexuaUty I mean sexual attiaction expression of the horror which he Though the research on homosexuaUty docs sexual drive is thought lo be and perhaps physical behaviour between felt when confronted by the not all lead to neat conclusions especially on a continuum (liomosexual to heterosexual). people of the same sex to the exclusion open Ucentiousness of many of the about the cause of homosexuality, cleariy Thb means there b a percentage of the population of persons of the opposite sex. Simply, great cities of the Gracco-Roman world we today arc in a better position fo understand which can be said lo be bi-sexual; the tiie homosexual's sex drive is to him or of his time. According to the highly the nature of homosexuaUty and its bulk if, of course, heterosexual; (b) the her what the heterosexual's is lo him or respected German theologian consequences than were people of bibUcal days other matter b that none of the research 1 her. Hulmut Thielecke, (whose treatment of or even our grandparents, have read gives much credence to the the bibUcal passages in The Ethics of (sec D,J. West chapters 7,8 and 9 for material view that a young teenager may be THE BIBLICAL MATERIAL Sex page 277 ff. b superb), Paul refers on the causes of homosexuaUty). .swayed into homosexuality because a latent to "homosexuaUty" illustratively to drive b awaknncd by association with The bible condemns homosexuaUty. Dut make a more fundamental point. He In the words of the I'resbyterian Qiurcli of homo.sexuaIs. Rather, because of the matter does not end there, jusl as hits at the cvU of promiscous sexuality AustraUa "the time lias come for some the latent drive, he seeks the company God's Spirit does not cease lo reveal (including the forms of homosexual relationships ofthe folk myths concerning homosexuaUty to of homosexuals just as a heterosexual .seeks with the closing of the criptual canon. he had heard of) and olher evib as signs of be explodcd...Each of the foUowing statements tiic company of the opposite sex. The godlessncss and a general refusal though widely accepted, is false: 'All drive is .set well prior to puberty. The Levitical statements make it to accept love as the clue to aU genuinely homosexuals arc unhappy'. 'Men are made clear thaf the Jew had a horror of human sexual expression. homosexual as a result of being seduced', Many scientists, as I would, would homosexuaUty. One of the reasons for this 'All homosexuals axe alike'. 'Homosexuals arc be prepared to say that homosexuality Is clear - the continuation of tiie Tills brief treatment of the biblical data more Ukcly to commit crimes than ofhcr race (which b hardly a potent argument witi not satisfy my UteraUst critics. Uut people', 'Homosexuals arc more Ukcly to t6t

ourselves as free whUc women are oppressed. GAYOITOESSION We recognise the institutions which oppress us, and wiU not set up copies of marriage, of role IS I-IAVING TO TALK ABOUT H(JMOSEXUAIJS playing, of power dominance. WE arc fighting our oppression with honesty, hi ourselves AS'Tl-lEV and others. We wUl destioy the nuclear family in ourselves. We do' not want equaUty but BECAUSE YOUR FRIENDS DONT KNOW Uberation. We do not bcUeve hi uidividual solutions. YOU ARE GAY YET,

Our immediate aims and tactics arc not fixed. BECAUSE YOU HAVENT WORKED OUT Preconceptions affect tactics: we thmk that tiie whole .society must change, and work at liOW TO TELL THEM what comes, fixing al no one levcL It b part of our oppression that wc do not know how SO THEY WONT BE OPPRESSED much we do not know. We cannot say what freddom wiU be Uke. Wc do not have a programme, BY YOUR TIELUNG THEM. A new society of aware people is very much a vbion sfiU. But we can say certain I HAVE ALWAYS HAD SOME QUEER things. We don not condone any manifestation FRIENDS. THEY ARE JUST SUCH of the ideals fo monogamy or the nuclear faniUy within our own relationships. Wc beUevc that FUN PEOPLE.." leadership b destructive, power b sexist, and as we aim for a leadcrlcss society so we work in a leadcrlcss group. And wc attack the power basis of sexism in existing institutions. We work tiirough consciousncs.s-raising to free our own JUST SO LONG AS heads. Wc work through zap actions and demonstrations lo raise the consciousness WE ARE ENTERTAINING. JUST SO of others, always bearing in mind that LONG AS WE PERFORM OUR ROLES kconfrontation may open people's eyes, it may also alienate them. We do groove on inUitancy, AS SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE "QUEENS". hul adapt tactics to situations. I-or we do not shhk confrontations, knowing lliut our silence oppresses our silent sislers. Our exisiencc is an artiulenl in itself. Not only poofter bashers ALL THAT IS REQUIRED IS THAT WE in all their guises, but a whole .society oppresses BE COLOURFUL, SPARKLING, us, so directness is the best tactic. DAZZLING, EVER READY WITII A ye want more than equaUty. We want change. WITTY REBUTTAL, ALWAYS ON TOP Male power, embodied in the male institutions of OF THE SITUATION WITH A CYNICAL oni present culture, b aggression. To ask for equaUty is only to get into that — into ruthlessness and GAY OPPRESSION MIND AND A BITCHY TONGUE, AND non-caring. So forget about that concept of IN SUMMATION: SIMPLY BRILLIANT! power and t.-ilk about coUective feminist IS WHEN consciousness, aboui development as people in strength and love, "lying in the arms of the VOUR ST[U[Gin" FRIENDS DEODE individual .solution", we won't get anywhere. So we want fo oslabUsh our own alternative Tl EY WANF TO MAKE LOVE feminist culture. Wc want a distinct feminist community where we can learn to be/act WITH YOU ourselves as pcopl*^" SO THEY CAN HAVE We arc not going lo be seen through the eyes A'GAV EXPERIENCE of male culture. And there's no point in conquering male culture when we can aeate out own.

Thb manifesto was written tiib year. It was intended to clarify our ideas which are changing aU the time. It b not final or binding in any way.

Radical Lesbians CoUective. Melbourne.

the foUowing articles may be The Twilight World of the Heterosexual obtained as photostats from campus camp c/o the student's In this enlightened frank age we must all non-feeling unrelated to the individual think such a strange arrangement might at union or by face the fact that like it or not, couple, and prescribed in advance least produce some degree of honesty, the phoning 707469. iiclerosexiials make up a si'/cahle portion according lo the strange rituals of the opposite is often the case as the of Ihe popiilalion. .Since hy Iheir very heterosexual twilight worid. The man has heterosexual compulsion lo project totally n.iliire heleiosexiiiijs ;ue fiulive and certain things he is supposed lo do in a false images becomes iiion: and more Sexism and ileceplive, no-one c:in say for sure exactly certain order, and the woman iikcv/lse. It is obsessive over the years. Women's Ub how many Ihere are hul psychiatric dili'icull for the healthy homosexual to HORMONAL IMBALANCE BY c.s((fj(;ites run from live In (wcnfy per cent ;;r;j.sp how alienating heterosexual "love" in I'nglanil and America, .slightly higher in really is, but perhaps we can glimpse it What c;iuses a woman or a man to stray the hobart 1-iirope. Wc have no figures at all for the when we examine that curious artifact, the so far from normal developmeni? To dale, women's action Orient, since inscrutability addeti to sex manual. These are books, and the medical authorities have not developed any group fiirliveness makes il impos.sible to judge. lielerosexual worid abounds with literally comprehensive theory. While some doctors claim a hormonal imbalance, many While many people naively think Ihat hundreds of Ihcm, that actually describe, psycliiatrists consider it an Homosexual heterosexuals arc easily recogni.scd, the slep by step, llie actions that heterosexuals over-identification wilh the molher or Law Refonn reverse is very often the case, for in reality arc supposed lo perform when they "make father or bolh. One interesting theory and the Liberal very few are fhe elo.se-cropped snarling love". claims that insecurity makes the woman Party in QLD man or the simpering passive woman we II is hard lo say wlielher (he "affair" or want her vagina engorged or the man wants see in the movies. Many lead outwardly Ihe "marriage" is more arlificial and BY his penis sheathed. I'erluips some eng;iged in normal lives and the i]entle boy next door, reslrielive. in the first, the man and woman mike bevis then- first heterosexual acts as a form of ami the lough competent girl down the will meet, perhaps in the notorious rebellion and then, guilt-ridden, felt ihey .stieet may have more (han a passing "cocktail ban;" wilh Iheir cold hushed were trapped in the heterosexual worid inieresl in each other. almosphcie. so different from Ihe lively Intellectual forever. Whal then is heterosexuality? Simply gay bars most of us know. 'Hien they will Pooftah One thing is certain. Tlie problem will put, it is the inabihly to love your own sex "chat", a process wliich consisis of talking Bashers not go away by our pretending it does not and Ihe siihse(|iient turning for sexual inanely about any subject so long as they exist. Nor will making heterosexuality a BY release lo Ihe opposite sex. Many hardened do not reveal any part of their crime deter those men and women from lKlernse\iials will atlcinpl lo turn il personalities. In fact, the entire "affair" sue wills seeking each other out and arranging their round ;ind insist Ihal heterosexuality is the consisis of projecting a false image. secret liaisons. We who are more fortunate abilily to love the opposite sex. But if (his When the proper lime has elapsed the must learn compassion for those who wcie hue, tl would luive lo be an ability man and woman will go off to a special cannot help themselves, who do not choose thai tirew out of a complete homosexual hotel maintained especially for to be this way (though many will exhibit a fiilfiilmenl - for it stands to reason that heterosexual liaisons. Tlierc they will each reverse stubborn pride). If we do not close you can'l love soniethine different to do what their manual tells them and then our eyes, if in fact we devote more yourself unless you can first lovci people say goodbye, priding themselves on that extensive research into the whole range of Ihc .same as you. And most heterosexuals they have never betrayed any real emotion. human sexuality then perhaps we can WORKERS: are Incapable of a true homosexual Perhaps they will meet again and repeat the eventually release the diverse sexual relal ionship. process, perhtips not. elements in aU of us and restore these maurice blackman STWANGE RITUALS Hie "marriage" is a much more bizarre unfortunate people to sociely. rina cohen The claim Ihat heterosexuality involves form of practice and one which is far too Kacliael Pollack love falls apart when we examine the complicated to describe here. Briefly david fiankcn niitiire ot heterosexual activities. There are considered, it is an agreement between two lenee lowe two forms of heterosexual union, the heterosexuals to live togeUier for the rest "affair" and the "marriage". In both the of their lives and never relate sexually to mary mcleod sexual activities themselves are mechanical anyone but each other. Though we,might