Issue No. 89: October 2011
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The New Mexico Volunteers
THE NEW MEXICO VOLUNTEERS In the American Civil War 1861-1862 By David Poulin Index Introduction page 2 Chapter One – Texan Invasions page 5 Chapter Two – The Stage page 21 Chapter Three – The First Regiment page 42 Chapter Four – Recruitment Continues page 64 Chapter Five – Five Percent! page 88 Chapter Six – The Battle of Valverde page 113 Appendix – Unit Listings page 136 Index – List of Biographical Sketches page 143 Cover drawing by _________. _______ depicts the First New Mexico guarding the left flank of the army on the morning of the Battle of Valverde. They are observing the progress of the battle from their position. Colonel Kit Carson is standing in front with Captain Louis Felsenthal on the left. 2 INTRODUCTION It’s possible that history students and Civil War buffs will not understand the American Civil War in New Mexico if they are not familiar with New Mexico itself - it’s history and cultural heritage, in short – what kind of people lived here. If we read only the popular histories available on the Civil War period we get the impression that the New Mexicans had never volunteered for military duty before….that they were untrustworthy, untried, and their very enlistment was a great experiment of sorts, almost amounting to the controversial use of black troops in the eastern states. This is not quite how it was. We cannot look at the situation in the southwest with the same political, religious and cultural points of view that existed in the ‘mainstream’ United States. People here did not have any real experience with the issues of Negro slavery, State’s Rights, and economics as they existed east of the Mississippi. -
Santa Fe National Historic Trail: Special History Study
Santa Fe National Historic Trail: Special History Study SANTE FE Special History Study COMERCIANTES, ARRIEROS, Y PEONES: THE HISPANOS AND THE SANTA FE TRADE (Merchants, Muleteers, and Peons) Special History Study Santa Fe National Historic Trail by Susan Calafate Boyle Southwest Cultural Resources Center Professional Papers No. 54 Division of History Southwest Region National Park Service 1994 TABLE OF CONTENTS safe/shs/index.htm Last Updated: 30-Sep-2005 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/safe/index.htm[7/2/2012 3:03:56 PM] Santa Fe National Historic Trail: Special History Study (Table of Contents) SANTA FE Special History Study TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER LIST OF FIGURES INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I - Isolation and Dependency CHAPTER II - Poverty and Neglect CHAPTER III - Going Down the Royal Road CHAPTER IV - Contraband and the Law CHAPTER V - New Mexican Merchants and Mercantile Capitalism CHAPTER VI - Felipe Chavez CHAPTER VII - Other Leading Merchant Families CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY BIBLIOGRAPHY GLOSSARY APPENDIX I APPENDIX II APPENDIX III APPENDIX IV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. "Loading Up." J. Gregg marveled at the dexterity and skill with which hispanos harnessed and adjusted packs of merchandise Figure 2. The Santa Fe Trade: An International Trade Network Figure 3. The Santa Fe Trail: Part of an International Trade Network http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/safe/shst.htm[7/2/2012 3:04:00 PM] Santa Fe National Historic Trail: Special History Study (Table of Contents) Figure 4. Pedro Vial pioneered a route that closely resembled the one Santa Fe Traders would follow in the next century Figure 5. -
1844 Gregg Rio Abajo
Josiah Gregg: Map of the Indian Territory, Northern Texas and New Mexico, Showing the Great Western Prairies 1844 10 6 1 7 3 2 8 4 9 5 11 12 15 13 14 Rumsey Collection Image No. 2351001 - Terms of Use 1: Albuquerque 1844 Quote: As soon as Armijo received intelligence of the catastrophe [Gov. Perez' murder], he hurried to the capital, expecting, as I heard it intimated by his own brother, to be elected governor; but, not having rendered any personal aid, the 'mobocracy' would not acknowledge his claim to their suffrages. He therefore retired, Santa Anna-like, to his residence at Albuquerque, to plot, in imitation of his great prototype, some measures for counteracting the operation of his own intrigues. In this he succeeded so well, that towards September he was able to collect a considerable force in the Rio-Abajo, when he proclaimed a contra- revolucion in favor of the federal government. About the same time the disbanded troops of the capital under Captain Caballero, made a similar pronounciamento demanding their arms, and offering their services gratis. The 'mobocratic' dynasty had gone so far as to deny allegiance to Mexico, and to propose sending to Texas for protection; although there had not been any previous understanding with that Republic. [Gregg, Josiah] Overview: Albuquerque Alburquerque was founded as a villa in 1706 in a rich agricultural region of New Mexico. Its Old Town plaza was the original town center. Evidently, the decision to settle the "Bosque Grande of Doña Luisa" was made in 1698. A manuscript from February 1706 showed that Governor Cuervo y Valdéz authorized the actual settlement, which took place shortly thereafter. -
Calendar of the Microfilm Edition of the Mexican Archives of New Mexico 1821-1846 Myra Ellen Jenkins
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository CSWR Reference Tools Center for Southwest Research 1970 Calendar of the Microfilm Edition of the Mexican Archives of New Mexico 1821-1846 Myra Ellen Jenkins Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cswr_reference Part of the Latin American History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Jenkins, Myra Ellen. "Calendar of the Microfilm Edition of the Mexican Archives of New Mexico 1821-1846." (1970). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cswr_reference/8 This Learning Object is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Southwest Research at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in CSWR Reference Tools by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CALENDAR OF THE MICROFILM EDITION OF THE MEXICAN ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 1821-1846 A Microfilm Project Sponsored by the NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS COMMISSION State of New Mexico Records Center Santa Fe, New Mexico 1970 CALENDAR OF THE MEXICAN ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 1821-1846 by Myra Ellen Jenkins A Microfilm Project Sponsored by the NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS COMMISSION State of New Mexico Records Center Santa Fe, New Mexico 1970 CONTENTS Roll Number Year Page, 1 1821-1822 1 2 1823 8 3 1823-1824 9 4 1824-1825 12 5 1826 16 6 1826-1827 19 7 1827-1828 21 8 1828 26 9 1829 29 10 1829-1830 32 11 1830 35 12 1830 38 13 1831 40 14 1831-1832 43 15 1832 47 16 1833 50 17 1833 54 18 1834 56 19 1834-1835 59 20 1835 63 21 1835-1836 66 22 1836 70 23 1837 73 24 1837 77 25 1838 81 26 1839 86 27 1839-1840 89 28 1840-1841 93 29 1841 99 30 1841-1842 102 31 1842 106 32 1842 107 33 1843 113 34 1843 117 35 1844 120 36 1844 122 37 1844 127 38 1845 129 39 1845 132 40 1845 136 41 1846, undated 138 42 1821-1846 Legislative 144 Records 1 MEXICAN ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO Roll 1 1821-1822 Date Description Frame 1821 Many items in this year were also microfilmed in Roll 20 of The Spanish Archives of New Mexico. -
Bent's Fort Primary Resource
1 Bent’s Fort: Trade in Transition How did family relationships influence trade relationships on the southern Colorado plains? What role did Bent’s Fort play in the westward expansion of the United States? What does the story of Bent’s Fort suggest about the relationship between trade and war among American Indians and Colorado settlers? By Jennifer Goodland* Standards and Teaching Strategies by: Corey Carlson, Zach Crandall, and Marcus Lee** Paid for by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Sciences * Jennifer Goodland has a master’s in history from University of Colorado Denver, where she concentrated on history tourism and the American West. She taught history at Metro State in Denver. Goodland runs a history research business called Big Year Colorado. ** Corey Carlson teaches 4th grade at Flatirons Elementary in Boulder, Zach Crandall teaches 8th grade U.S. Society at Southern Hills Middle in Boulder, Marcus Lee teaches and is the chair of the social studies department at George Washington High School in Denver. 2 Contents Standards Addressed Overview Essay Resources Growing the Border 1. The Louisiana Purchase and Missouri Territory 2. Bent and St. Vrain Families 3. Colorado’s Changing Borders 4. Bent’s Fort and the Border 5. Cheyenne Territory Travel and Trade 6. Bent’s Fort Floor Plan 7. Fur Trappers and the Bent, St. Vrain and Company Network 8. Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau 9. Fugitive at Bent’s Fort 10. Mexico Retaliates 11. Battleground: Bent’s Fort 12. Kearny’s March 13. Rebellion in Taos 14. Cut Off 15. Destruction of the Fort 16. -
Chapter One Texan Invasions
Chapter One Texan Invasions The problems between New Mexico and Texas did not begin during the American Civil War. They began during the Texas revolution for independence in 1836. When General Sam Houston’s troops captured Santa Anna himself, Houston judiciously tried to cinch his success and avoid further bloodshed by making a deal with him. In return for sparing his life, the Mexican leader agreed to pull his troops out of Texas. It was a good move because Santa Anna had 4,000 fresh troops not twenty miles away. The Texan army followed the retreating Mexicans to the banks of the Rio Grande. Once there, Sam Houston and his officers inspected their newly won Territory and tried to decide where the western boundaries of their new country lay. Sam Houston General Houston stopped his forces on the banks of the Rio Grande where he believed the border between Texas and Mexico should be. All of his senior officers wanted the border to be a hundred miles west at a certain mountain range. They wanted complete control of the river valley. But Houston prevailed, insisting that the Rio Grande from the mouth of the river, north to 39 degrees latitude, and then eastward along northern New Mexico all the way to the Arkansas River, then at 100 degrees longitude south to the Red River, following the river to the border of Louisiana, and down to the Gulf of Mexico.1 Thus began the troubles between New Mexico and Texas as they claimed all of New Mexico’s land east of the Rio Grande. -
Hispanics in the American Civil War 1 Hispanics in the American Civil War
Hispanics in the American Civil War 1 Hispanics in the American Civil War Hispanics in the American Civil War First row David Farragut • Santos Benavides • Augusto Rodriguez Second row Federico Fernández Cavada • Julius Peter Garesché • Luis F. Emilio Third row Loreta Janeta Velazquez as herself (right) and disguised as "Lieutenant Harry Buford" (left) Hispanics in the American Civil War fought on both the Union and Confederate sides of the conflict. Not all the Hispanics who fought in the American Civil War were "Hispanic-Americans", in other words citizens of the United States. Many of them were Spanish subjects or nationales from countries in the Caribbean, Central and South America. Some were born in a US Territory and therefore did not have the right to US Citizenship. It is estimated that approximately 3,500 Hispanics, mostly Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cubans (Puerto Rico and Cuba were Spanish colonies) living in the United States joined the war: 2,500 for the Confederacy and 1,000 for the Union. This number increased to 10,000 by the end of the war. Hispanic is an ethnic term employed to categorize any citizen or resident of the United States, of any racial background, of any country, and of any religion, who has at least one ancestor from the people of Spain or is of non-Hispanic origin, but has an ancestor from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Central or South America, or some other Hispanic origin. The three largest Hispanic groups in the United States are the Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans.[1] The Union Army was the land force that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. -
Brave Christian Soldiers: the New Mexico Territorial Militia in the Civil War
New Mexico Historical Review Volume 89 Number 3 Article 2 7-1-2014 Brave Christian Soldiers: The New Mexico Territorial Militia in the Civil War Jerry D. Thompson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Thompson, Jerry D.. "Brave Christian Soldiers: The New Mexico Territorial Militia in the Civil War." New Mexico Historical Review 89, 3 (2014). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol89/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. • Brave Christian Soldiers • The New Mexico Territorial Militia in the Civil War JERRY D. THOMPSON he mood in the capital was one of confusion and great anxiety on the cold wintry morning of 1 February 1862. New York–born Surveyor Gen. TJohn Anderson Clark watched the arrival of several militia companies, all scurrying south to meet a large Confederate Army that was reported to be moving out of the Mesilla Valley. “Today was the arrival in the town of two or three small companies of yeomanry on their way to war,” Clark recorded. “They leave tomorrow for the South—of course these undisciplined troops will not be taken to meet the enemy in the open field, but will be used as guerrillas and to garrison posts.”1 The next day, after the militia marched to St. Francis Church and lined up in formation, Bishop Jean-Baptiste Lamy appeared in full regalia on the steps of the adobe edifice. -
Issue No. 85: October 2010
ZIM CSWR Ovs. ; e 791 .C7x c.lF a. no.85 __,,/ ~r0111ca oe Nuevo Mexico lID Published since 1976 - The Official Publication of the Historical Society ofNew Mexico C'J October 2010 Issue Nurriber 85 Donaciano Vigil, "The Gifted Giant" - But Was He a Traitor? By Paul M Kraemer was our mother. What child will not and ammunition to the dispersed elements included the wealthy shed abundant tears at the tomb of his villages. He proposed that the central influential people and especially the parents?" government could at least allow them clergy. most of whom had received Later. when Colonel Munroe to import arms and munitions duty their education in Durango and were became commander of the U.S. free. " under obedience to the Bishop of military occupation. the colonel asked Four days after his speech of June Durango. But a sizeable majority had Donaciano what he thought of the 18. he addressed the Departmental strong ties only to New Mexico itself. Mexican government. Donaciano Assembly again. this time concerning Some would have opted for an switched to a different metaphor for his the centrist government's practice of independent republic. if that were response: appointing governors who knew possible. But with the approaching "I felt very much as a son would feel nothing about New Mexico. but invasion. many people much preferred toward a father who had given him nevertheless believed that it was being annexed by the United States little or no attention in his youthful culturaIIy inferior. The speech was rather than becoming part of Texas. -
HISTORIC HOMESTEADS and RANCHES in NEW MEXICO: a HISTORIC CONTEXT R
HISTORIC HOMESTEADS AND RANCHES IN NEW MEXICO: A HISTORIC CONTEXT r Thomas Merlan Historic Preservation Division, Office of Cultural Affairs, State ofNew Mexico, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501. Professional Services Contract No. 08505 70000021, Department of Cultural Affairs, March, 2008 Prepared for: Historic Homestead Workshop, September 25-26,2010 HISTORIC HOMESTEADS AND RANCHES IN NEW MEXICO: A HISTORIC CONTEXT Thomas Merlan Historic Preservation Division, Office ofCultural Affairs, State ofNew Mexico, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501. Professional Services Contract No. 08505 70000021, Department of Cultural Affairs, March, 2008 Prepared for: Historic Homestead Workshop, September 25 -26, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................................... i HOMESTEAD AND RANCH CHRONOLOGY ... .. ...................................................... ...................... iii 1 GENERAL HISTORY OF RANCHES AND HOMESTEADS IN NEW MEXICO ......................... 1 Sheep Ranching and Trade ..................................................................... ................... ... ... ......................... 1 Human Behavior-Sheep Ranching ........................................................................................................ 6 Clemente Gutierrez ....................................... ........................................................................................ 6 Mariano Chaves y Castillo .............. -
Hispanas' Use of Spanish Mexican and Anglo American Law in Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado, 1848-1912
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2015-01-07 "El Amparo de la Ley": Hispanas' Use of Spanish Mexican and Anglo American Law in Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado, 1848-1912 Archer, Carol Archer, C. (2015). "El Amparo de la Ley": Hispanas' Use of Spanish Mexican and Anglo American Law in Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado, 1848-1912 (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/25849 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/1986 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY "El Amparo de la Ley": Hispanas' Use of Spanish Mexican and Anglo American Law in Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado, 1848-1912 by Carol Archer A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA DECEMBER, 2014 © Carol Archer 2014 ABSTRACT Following the conclusion of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848, and the acquisition of nearly one-half of Mexican territory, the United States replaced Spanish civil law with judicial procedures based on English common law in both New Mexico and Colorado Territories. -
NPS Form 10 900-B
NPS Form 10-900-b (Rev. 01/2009) OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service DRAFT 1/15/2013 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (formerly 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items New Submission X Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Historic Resources of the Santa Fe Trail (Revised) B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) I. The Santa Fe Trail II. Individual States and the Santa Fe Trail A. International Trade on the Mexican Road, 1821-1846 A. The Santa Fe Trail in Missouri B. The Mexican-American War and the Santa Fe Trail, 1846-1848 B. The Santa Fe Trail in Kansas C. Expanding National Trade on the Santa Fe Trail, 1848-1861 C. The Santa Fe Trail in Oklahoma D. The Effects of the Civil War on the Santa Fe Trail, 1861-1865 D. The Santa Fe Trail in Colorado E. The Santa Fe Trail and the Railroad, 1865-1880 E. The Santa Fe Trail in New Mexico F. Commemoration and Reuse of the Santa Fe Trail, 1880-1987 C. Form Prepared by name/title KSHS Staff, amended submission; URBANA Group, original submission organization Kansas State Historical Society date Spring 2012 street & number 6425 SW 6th Ave.