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October 2010 Issue Nurriber 85 Donaciano Vigil, "The Gifted Giant" - But Was He a Traitor? By Paul M Kraemer was our mother. What child will not and ammunition to the dispersed elements included the wealthy shed abundant tears at the tomb of his villages. He proposed that the central influential people and especially the parents?" government could at least allow them clergy. most of whom had received Later. when Colonel Munroe to import arms and munitions duty their education in Durango and were became commander of the U.S. free. " under obedience to the Bishop of military occupation. the colonel asked Four days after his speech of June Durango. But a sizeable majority had Donaciano what he thought of the 18. he addressed the Departmental strong ties only to New Mexico itself. Mexican government. Donaciano Assembly again. this time concerning Some would have opted for an switched to a different metaphor for his the centrist government's practice of independent republic. if that were response: appointing governors who knew possible. But with the approaching "I felt very much as a son would feel nothing about New Mexico. but invasion. many people much preferred toward a father who had given him nevertheless believed that it was being annexed by the United States little or no attention in his youthful culturaIIy inferior. The speech was rather than becoming part of Texas. the days. except as he exacted his hard basically a political diatribe against latter havtnq been repeatedly earnings. and left him to shift for three such governors: Albino Perez. aggressive since 1841.19 The potential himself when in trouble." who was assassinated in the 1837 annexation to the United States would His disillusionment with the rebellion. Mariano Martinez. who be especially preferred if New Mexico Mexican government was described in replaced Manuel Armijo in December could achieve statehood quickly and detail in a series of lectures and 1843. and Francisco Garcia Conde who thereby not be completely governed by proposals he delivered to the served briefly in August 1845 before outsiders. Even Padre Martinez of Taos. Donaciano Vigil Departmental Assembly. of which he Manuel Armijo was appointed for a a very nationalistic citizen of the (courtesy of the Histories! Society ofNew was an alternate member. in May and third time as governor. In this address Republic of Mexico. admired American Mexico. Museum ofNew Mexico) June. 1846. just before the American he also accused the central institutions and had many American The name Donaciano is derived invasion. He said that as a young man government of interference with the friends." from the Spanish word for gift. he was very optimistic about the Santa Fe Trail trade. which had greatly The invasion of New Mexico in
donacion. I Donaciano Vigil was clearly Mexican Republic and believed that the improved the economy of New August 1846 was a small part of the war a ~ifted person. His parents had chosen northern frontier provinces would be Mexico." with Mexico (1846-1848) and there his unusual but not unknown name supported by the government under Donaciano was not alone in his appears to be general agreement as to with unexplained clairvoyance in 1802. the federalist constitution of 1824. As disillusionment. In 1844. when Santa its causes." The United States had very but the name became somewhat he expressed it. "we saw everything Anna further increased his centrist rapid population SJrowth in the first half common before Donaciano's death in through rose-colored glasses at that of the 19th century. producing 1877. perhaps because of Donaciano time. " But the ascendancy of Antonio demographic pressure that created an ViSJil's fame", which rested partly on the Lopez Santa Anna in 1833. foIIowed by expansionist political response. A fact that he was physicaIIy a ~iant a series of conservative centrist British member of parliament at that (possibly about 6' 5" at a time when the governments. the abandonment of the time commented that if this growth averase New Mexican man was about 1824 constitution and instability that continued. the United States "would 5' 4" taII).3 Hence. being instantly historian David Weber characterizes as become the greatest bully in the recoqnlzable. he was known by almost "teetering between chaos and world.'?" which sounds like "the pot everyone. But Donaciano was a ~iant anarchy?" (over the period 1833 to calling the kettle black." The in other respects as well. He could 1855. there were thirty six presidential population grew to about 20 million speak. read and write both En~lish and changes. eleven of which involved people by 1846. Growth was Spanish and would translate Santa Anna"). The centrist accompanied by an economic slump documents in either direction with a governments did little to support the in the Eastern states where people were hi~h deqree of competence.' We also frontier provinces, and Texas. Sonora. accumulating. with many moving know from his speeches (below) that he California and New Mexico all had westward. In Texas. for instance. possessed a modern analytical mind.' rebellions against the Mexican Americans settled in sufficient numbers 12 Thus. in 1846. when New Mexico was government between 1835-1837 • After to rebel against their Mexican hosts. first annexed by the United States. it the rebellion of 1837 in New Mexico (in establishing an independent republic in was not surprisinc that General which he served as a sergeant in the GovernorManuel Armijo wearing the plumed 1836.23 Similar infiltration occurred in brasshelmet ofthe elite Mexican Cavalry Stephen Watts Kearney would want Presidio Company). Donaciano California. "Manifest Destiny" became a Donaciano in the civil ~overnment that became a protege of Governor Manuel dictatorship. the Departmental rallying slogan: a clever phrase because he was forrntnq under his "Kearney Armijo. serving the latter's Assembly made the following it could mean different things to Code". When Donaciano accepted the administration as Military Secretary ambiguous oath of allegiance to the different people. At any rate. the result position of Secretary of the terrttory" and later being promoted to Captain. centrist government: "intimately united was the 1846 annexation of about half he became a collaborator with Donaciano's speech of June 18. with the Mexican Republic. we of the Mexican Republic. along with the questionable loyalty to the Republic of 1846 mostly concerned the continue to be free and independent.?" addition of Oregon and Washington Mexico accordinq to a conservative deterioration of relations with the Mariano Chavez. a wealthy and and the present border of Western faction of the population. as at that "wild" tribes that surrounded the influential merchant (he served as Canada at the 49th parallel. The war time Mexico was at war with the United Hispanic population. After a detailed acting governor in 1835 and President with Mexico was a very unequal States. analysis of this problem. he concluded of the Assembly in 1844) was more conflict in almost every respect. While There was. however. considerable that since the central government specific: "neglect has weakened ties the United States had about 20 million diversity of opinion among New would not help them. they had to with the central government and new people and a strong federal Mexicans. One viewpoint was offered somehow defend themselves. Since ties could not be established without government. Mexico had a population by Donaciano's cousin. Juan Batista 1835. the centrist government was so our sustained. mutual reciprocal of about 7 million and a central Vi~il y Alarid. who was in charge of fearful of rebellions that they did services.'?' As David Weber put it. "what government in which conflicts Santa Fe at the plaza after General everything possible to limit the they got was another outsider between political factions were so Kearney had addressed the crowd on effectiveness of local militias." This. of governor." IS virulent that early in 1847 there were Auqust 19. 1846. Juan Batista Vi~il's course. also limited New Mexico's Native New Mexicans numbered riots between them in the streets of response included the followlnq. ability to defend itself against the somewhat over fifty thousand at this Mexico City even as General Winfield "Do not find it strange if there has been American invasion. The citizen militia time just before the American invasion. Scott was approaching the capital with no manifestation of joy and rarely had any guns or ammunition Politically they could be considered as U.S. troops. " enthusiasm in seeing this city occupied while even the presidial soldiers were being divided into factions. Some. like Donaciano's appointment as by your military forces. Though the poorly equipped and. in any case. only Donaciano, were openly pro Secretary of the territory under power of the Mexican Republic is dead; served to protect Santa Fe. It was thus American. while there were a few that Governor Charles Bent was based on but no matter what her condition. she absolutely necessary to provide guns were pro-Texan. The most conservative concinued on page 2 w Mark Your Calender Now: New Mexico History Conference, Ruidoso Convention Center, May 5-7, 2011 well as a circular letter. These Albino Perez. was captured by the Donaciano Vigil... (continuedfrompage 1) documents provide illumination of rebels , was considered a friend because the Kearny Code, a provisional pathway to other ca reers in th e ViSJil's general position, not only on the of his brother and was pressed into arrangement that was co mpletely military and the political arena. His Taos revolt , but on all the important service as the secretary for the rebel subservient to the military advancement was rapid. In 1841 he was events of the most recent ten years ." governor. Jose Gonzales, for about a commander. At this time, the territory a captain (as was Donaciano) in the The first proclamation, written on month." Donaciano obviously had an of New Mexico was not a Territory of forces that captured the members of January 22, almost certainly within intimate knowledge of the 1837 the U.S. but an occupied military zon e. the Texas-Santa Fe expedition. In 1843 hours of Donaciano's receipt of news of rebellion. He also made it clear in his Nevertheless. Donaciano. the only he was elected to the Mexican national th e assassinations, seems quite first proclamation as acting SJovernor native New Mexican holdover from the congress (while Donaciano was serving emotional and includes personal items that he didn't really want the job. Later Armijo years, played a useful role as a as Governor Armijo's protoqe and SJoing back to the rebellion of 1837. The he recommended that the job be given bridge between populations . And what Militar y Secretary). When Archuleta proclamation says, in part: to Ceran 51. Vrain , who was Bent's had seeme d a smooth annexation again came back to New Mexico in "Fellow Citizens: Your regularly partner and very well liked by all process soon proved otherwise. 1845, he became second in command appointed governor had occasion to factions:'? According to historian Howard Lamar of the military forces under Governor SJo on private business as far as the Three days after his first "in December 1846 , Secretary Vigil. Armijo. " But then Archuleta may have town of Taos. A popular insurrection, proclamation. Donaciano issued who maintained an elab orate political done something foolish. Neither headed by Pablo Montoya and Manuel another reportinz that the forces under spy system throughout New Mexico, Armijo nor Archuleta provided any Cortez, who raised the cry of Colonel Price had routed the rebels in began to hear reports of a conspiracy." resistance to the Ameri can invasion. revolution, resulted in the barbarous the first en counter near Santa Cruz de Lamar provides no evide nce to support This was considered disqraceful and a assassination of his excellency, the la Canada. and that he expected the his "elaborate political spy system" and serious blow to the 'honor' of New SJovernor, of the SJreater part of the entire reb ellion would be quashed such a construction in New Mexico Mexico. But it would have been a very SJovernment officials, and some private within ten days. He then composed a seems intrinsically unlik ely. In a society bloody day if the undisciplined, citizens . Pablo Montoya, whom you circular letter that surveyed the events of cousins no elaborate political spy unsupplied and unled mob at Apache already know, notorious for his of the preceding years that he thoug-ht system is needed . Because of his size Pass had tried to resist Kearney's troops. insubordination and restlessn ess , were relevant to the situation in 1847. and scholarly personality, he was well Their numerical superiority was not an headed a similar insurrection in This letter is well worth studying in known and resp ected throughout asset, because Kearne y's forces were September, 1837. Destitute of any sense detail : native New Mexico society. But there well equipped with state of the art of shame, he brought his followers to "In the year 1843 the Pablo was a co nspiracy brewing to artillery, including anti-personnel thi s capital, entered into an Montoya ganSJ rose and sacked the assassinate Americans and New 1 arrangement, deserted , as a reward for tithe granaries situated at various Mexican collabora to rs such as th eir fidelity, the unfortunate points in the valley of Taos and the Donaciano. The conspiracy wa s Montoyas , Esquibel and Chopon, SJovernment, shrinking from the duty organi zed by Diego Archuleta, who had whose fate you know. and retired of punishment of this excess and been Governor Armijo's com mander of himself well-paid for his exploits to his castigating. at least, the principal th e military forces before th e den at Taos. The whole population let culprits, approved, or for the same annexation. Twitchell lists 21 names of the weight of the execration fall on reason, so completely overlooked it. the conspirators which he obtained others and this brigand they left liVing that no notice was taken of the affair. many years later from two of their on his wits - for he has no home or Encouraqed by the impunity which number who had become prominent known property and is engaged in no attended this crime, in the beqinninq of in the territorial pe riod." The 2 1 names occupation. Of what kind of people is July. in the same year, they reassembled were mostly younger people of leading his gang- composed? Of the insurgent with criminal views of a more enlarg-ed New Mexican families, including the Indian population of Taos, and of nature; for they proposed to Vicar of New Mexico, Jose Felipe Ortiz others as abandoned and desperate as themselves and attempted, in the first and his younger half brother Tomas their rebellious chief. Today or place, to kill the few Americans and Ortiz. In short, they could be called the tomorrow a respectable body of troops French who had married and settled "young patriots" of the Mexican will commence their march for the among them; and although they did Republic. Their final plan was to be purpose of quelling these disorders of not consummate this. owinq as well to Diego Archuleta on the Santa FePlaza in 1884. initiated on Christmas night 1846, Pablo Montoya . in Taos. The want of unanimity among themselves wh en , in conjunction with peopl e from weapons such as canister and gra pe g-overnment is det ermined to pursue as to their failing to effect a surprise, the countryside, they would incite to proj ectiles. Thousands of New ene rg- etic measures toward all the they sated their rapacity by plundering retake New Mexico. " Perhaps they Mexicans might have been killed. The refractory until they are reduced to the stores and houses of the wealthiest counted on the elite Mexican troops local forces at Apache Pass were simply order. as well as to tak e care of and foreig-ners. The local authorities, with that were arri ving in El Paso to defeat sent home the day before Kearne y's protect honest and discreet men; and I the view of quieting the complaints of the U.S. forces under Colonel forces arrived, and Armijo and about pray you that, harkeninq to the voice the injured ind ividuals. commenced Doniphan and then reinforce their 70 national troops (that had be en of reason, for the sake of the common some proceedings which, from the tak eo ver. If so. their plan was attached to the Santa Fe company) happiness and your own preser vation, mode in which they were carried on, foredoomed because on that very retreated to the south. According to the you will keep yourselves quiet and necessarily led to no result. On this Christmas day. Doniphan co mpletely memoirs of Senator Thomas Benton, engaSJed in your private affairs. application was made to the routed the Mexican forces at Brazito , an advance mission of Captain Philip The term of my administration is government, but with the same result; north of EI Paso." St. George Cooke and a Santa Fe Trail purely transitory. Neither my and finally. after much expense and In the event. however, their foolish trader named James MaSJoffin qualification nor the ad interim trouble, through the indifference and plan came to nothing. Donaciano convinced both men not to resist the character. according to the organic law connivance of the said authorities and alerted Governor Bent to the plan and invasion. Armijo was already wavering in which I take the reins of of the government, the injured parties the ~overnor immediately notified on that point. but Archuleta was told government, encourage me to were ruined, and the miscreants who Colonel Sterling Price. who arrested that Kearney would only take New continue in so difficult and thorny a perpetrated the crime we re left to many of the conspirators except Diego Mexico east of the Rio Grande and that post , the duties of which are intended enjoy, in absolute impunity, the fruit of Archuleta and Tomas Ortiz, wh o Archul eta could rule New Mexico west for individuals of greater enterprise thei r plunder. escaped to the south. From the point of of the river. This, of course, did not and talents; but I protest to you, in the The apathetic and criminal view of some people. Donaciano happen and it is said that Archuleta felt utmost fervor of my heart that I will conduct of the previous "betraye d" th e "young- patriots". He cheated." devote myself exclusively to administrations with respect to popular probably saved their live s. Colonel Archul eta, like Armijo and Tomas endeavorinq to secure you all th e commotions gave so much Price apparently did not tak e th e Ortiz , came back to New Mexico after prosperity so much desired by your encouragement to the perpetrators of conspiracy very seriously. He reported the war with Mexico was concluded in fellow-citizen and friend." these crimes that those who originated later tha t he investigated the plot. but early 1848. After siSJning an oath of DONACIANO VIGIL the plan of the revolution which has few details of the investigation have allegiance, he was given a federal job January 22.1847 just been quelled found no difficulty been found." Most of the conspirators west of the river just as MaSJoffin had This document is of considerable whatever among the people of Taos. had not yet actually done an ything supposedl y promised , but only as importance because it indicates a already adept in such proceedings. actionable and were released. Indian ASJent to the Southern Utes. He definite relationship between the According to statements made by presumably after a warning. Both the served capably in several rebellions of 1837 and 1847 , even the Indians of the town of Taos, who Colonel and older members of the appointments and for fourteen years in though ostensibly they were directed have appealed to the clemency of the prominent families knew that under the New Mexico Ieqislature until his against, first the central SJovernment commander of the forces employed in military occupation rul es, these death at the age of 70 in 1884.33 and then aSJainst the foreign invaders. the restoration of order. the same Diego wealthy families were vulnera ble to About a month after the Archuleta Donaciano also affirms his credibility Archuleta who, in the middle of having the ir prop erty confiscated. So conspiracy was quashed, a much more on this question by his emotional December, last year, planned a what became known as the Archuleta serious rebellion broke ou t in Taos. remarks concerninq his older brother. revolution in this city, which, being conspiracy was quashed. Governor Bent and many Americans "Chop6n" (i.e.. "Shorty"), who was a discovered in time by the 5Jovernment, Diego Archul eta (1814-1884) came were assassinated and on January 22, leader in the insurgency of 1837 and was quelled before it burst forth, is the from a farm family in the Rio Arriba 1847 a gatherinSJ of about 2000 men was delivered by another leader. Pablo individual who, before flyin5J from the district. As a youth he was a stude nt at started the march on the capitol." Montoya, to Governor Armijo who was country, aid ed by the so -called th e school that Padre Mart inez The death of Governor Bent arranging the closure of the 1837 ~enerals Pablo Montoya, Manuel organized in order to prepare New caused an unexpected and unwanted rebellion. Donaciano's older brother Cortez, Jesus Tafoya, and Pablo Chavez, Mexican boys for the seminary in chang-e in Donaciano's life: he (Chop6n Juan Baptista Vigil) was instigated them to the insurrection and Durango, where he then received an automatically became the acting executed, along with the two Montoya proceedings which they carried into education from 1832 to 1840. But when governor of New Mexico . In the first brothers (not related to Pablo Montoya) execution, and persuaded them that he returned to New Mexico in 1840 he few days after he learned of Governor and Jose Antonio Esquibel in January they might enter Santa Fe without decided not to be a priest. but to use his Bent's assassination, Donaciano issued 1838. Dona ciano was a sergeant in the resistance, and might subsequently. education . which was not commonly two proclamations that were Santa Fe Presidial Company at the time with little trouble, destroy or drive out ac cessible to most Mexicans, as a distributed throughout the territory, as of th e Rebellion against Governor of the country all the forces of the
2 ~overnmen1. St. Vrain which included some men enlightened and instructed. It is ranch headquarters. and ~ained many The individuals mentioned are. so who had been arrested as part of the particularly important in a country employees. including Indian children far as now known. the chiefs of this Archuleta conspiracy" And later there where the ri~ht of suffraqe is accorded he bought at the Taos fair and raised as band of murderers and thieves. Diego were the infamous "treason" trials and secured to all that all should be skilled farmers. It may seem surprising Archuleta fled in a cowardly manner when some of the insurgent prisoners instructed and that every man should to people now that about one from the territory before the were tried in civil court and hanged. be able to read... This is the a~e of thousand stolen Indian children were commencement of the revolution This was surely a low point in the improvement, both in SJovernment and sold at Taos during the antebellum which he himself planned and history of American jurisprudence. in society and. such improvements can territorial period (1850-1862).55 counselled; Chavez and Tafoya fell in since the insurgents were still Mexican only be promoted by diffusing Donaciano became a successful and action; Montoya was executed at Taos. citizens and the Mexican-American war knowled~e and instruction among the versatile farmer/rancher. In 1860 . for and the assassin. Cortez. is wanderinq a was still very much in action. Later. of people... AIl that the Iegislature can do r- ( fu~itive in the mountains. There are course. these trials. and the whole in the cause of education for the / <, • ,-R) / <, / '/ ..o;I~ . besides at the disposal of the tribunals Kearney Code which had established people is most earnestly pressed upon ,
punish the Pablo Montoya ~an~. In occupiers they were. in Bancroft's arrived in Santa Fe as the first 0I'/l:2Prest- ]on'8."OOBecko cr u Grant other documents he merely refers to words. "overbearinq, abusive. and Territorial SJovernor in March 1851. 49 the ~overnor's "feeble mind.'?' In quarrelsome.'!" George Ruxton. the His years of service under ! ,,,,,,- j introduclng this letter. Twitchell makes British adventurer, was even less Governor Manuel Armijo and then I ~ : '0. """",. the point that the Pablo Montoya ~an~'s complimentary; vtsitinq New Mexico in under the military occupation brought crimes were at the time of the troubles December 1846. he would add "dirty. forth Donaciano's 10nSJ term interest in Dons cieno Vigil'sran ches on the with Texas. but does not venture any unshaven and usually drunk" to land grants. Durinq the last ten years of Upper Pecos River. further speculation. In any case, it describe the volunteers." Governor Mexican rule, the Armijo seems clear that Donaciano reqarded Vi~iI recoqnized that these people were administration. undoubtedly instance, Donaciano was selltnq onion both the Pablo Montoya and Manuel makin~ the occupation period even influenced by Donaciano. and seeds and flour to Santa Fe trader Cortez ~an~s as purely criminal worse that it was anyway. and in 1847 . apparently in anticipation of an James Webb.56 In ~eneral his ~rant was orqanlzations with no loyalties to under the lax discipline of Colonel eventual annexation by the United apparently successful in its anybody else . Eisenhower points out Price. it became "a bad state of affairs". States, made land SJrants in an fundamental purpose of encouraging that ~uerrilla operations in the Mexican Governor Vi~iI wrote several times to unprecedented number and size." This and stabilizing settlement. In 1980. war often turned out to be purely the Secretary of State. James policy was based on the desire to historian Emlen Hall made a detailed criminal operations even though some Buchanan. and in his letter of March 26. increase and stabilize New Mexican survey of the upper Pecos area. He leaders (such as Manuel Cortez) 1847 said: settlements. While the policy was found that the Donaciano plaza was apparently were commissioned officers "I can not close without a~ain frustrated by Indian hostilities. stilI in the Vigil family and that of the in the Mexican army. ur~inSJ upon the Government the Donaciano continued his interest 600 people in the area. over 90% dated Donaciano also cited testimony of absolute necessity of replacinq the durinq the occupation years. He their presence to Donaciano ViSJil. present volunteer force in this territory studied the Mexican laws on the subject To return to the origlnal question. by the force of Re~ular troops. on the that were still relevant under the terms was Donaciano a traitor? Specifically. ~round of ~reater economy. of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Htdalgo. did he betray the Republic of Mexico expediency. and effictency In my and reorganized and indexed the New when he served in the civil opinion. both the interests of the Mexico Archives. separatlnq out all SJovernment of the invaders and when United States and of this territory documents relatinq to land he "betrayed" the "young patriots" of clearly demands it.?" orsantzatton. His reorganized archives the Archuleta conspiracy? Some This probably had little effect are still used today as he divided them people would claim that the charqe 5 because the issue was up to Price's into SANMI and SANMII. 1 By the time was absurd. Others would not. Let us boss. Secretary of War William Marcy. that the federal ~overnment of the examine the second SJroup first. not the Secretary of State. United States started to take land The dlsrlnqulshed Mexican Governor Vi~iI did what he could ownership problems seriously. historian, Josefina Zoraida Vasquez. under these conditions. by using the Donaciano was the Ieadtnq expert on starts her year 2000 article on the "bully pulpit" to urqe rational the subject in New Mexico . He worked causes of the Mexican war as follows : approaches to problems. in some cases closely with the surveyor-general "One hundred and fifty years later. continuing the ar~uments he made William Pelham when he arrived in Mexicans remain profoundly angered before the annexation in June 1846. For 1854 With no knowledge of Spanish by the war between Mexico and the instance. in early 1848 . the problems lanSJuaSJe documents." United States.'?' Some American associated with Indian attacks on the After 1850. Donaciano was Hispanic people may have the same settlements and the lack of arms and repeatedly elected to the Territorial attitude. depending on to what extent ammunition merited primary Leqislature from San MiSJuel County, they identify with their Mexican attention: and was always active when the issue heritaqe. However, at the time of the "The pacification of the Indians is involved public education." But in Mexican war and for the rest of his life. another necessity of the first order. for SJeneral, he withdrew from active Donaciano was treated with great as you already know the principal politics. The "statehood" and respect. and no evidence has emerged wealth of this country is the breeding of "territorial" parties (Donaciano was a that he was considered a traitor by any AMissouri Volunteer: "They fought like game livestock. and the warfare of the nominal supporter of the territorial faction. Perhaps this is explained by the cocks." but as occupiers were "overbearing. abusive. and quarrelsom e." Indians obstructs this almost party) had proved basically irrelevant, disaffection for the centrist completely." 46 because New Mexico had no ~overnment not only in New Mexico. Taos Pueblo Indians that is the only It was also in this period that representation durinc the neqotiations but by all of the areas of the Republic scarce evidence that links Diego Governor Vi~iI beqan focusing his of the 1850 compromise. Donaciano that were at any distance from Mexico Archuleta to the Taos Revolt of 1847. It attention on the sinqle public policy beqan focusing his attention on a land City. Richmond's detailed analysis of also seems clear that Dieco Archuleta's issue that would remain his chief SJrant ambition of his own. Before 1837. "active and passive" collaboration with father-in-law was an important leader concern for the three remalnlnq as a sergeant in the Presidial Company. the American forces emphasizes of the 1847 revolt. 39 decades of his life. namely. public he had served in the detached unit at economic factors that caused Colonel Price's forces put down the education. At the Ieqtslatlve assembly San MiSJuel del Vado. and had become resentment of the ~overnment of the Taos Revolt in a few days and the 2nd of December 1847. Governor Vi~iI well acquainted with the Upper Pecos Republic. In short. Donaciano was Missouri Volunteers. from a military delivered a Ienqthy address which River area. The Pecos Pueblo was considered completely loyal to the point of view, proved just as effective as began as follows: finally abandoned in 1837. and people of New Mexico and whether he the i st Missouri Volunteers under "If your SJovernment here is to be Hispanic people were moving in. but was loyal to the Republic of Mexico Colonel Doniphan had been at Brazito. republican. if it is to be based upon without any Ieqal ri~hts . Somehow (the seemed irrelevant to most people. That is, Colonel Price's forces killed democratic-republican principles. and details seem unclear) Donaciano NOTES several hundred insurgents while if the will of the majority is to be one ~ained two substantial portions of the 1. The name is derived from the havin~ very few casualties themselves. day the law of the land and the Pecos Pueblo Grant." He moved his Spanish word for ~ift . donacion. Price's forces also included a ~roup of ~overnment of the people. it is family to the area. built a water Francisco Sisneros and Jose Torres.
New Mexico Volunteers led by Ceran evident.i.the people must be powered grist mill, a saw mill and continued on page 4 IJif>
3 Donaciano Vigil... (continuedfrompage3) Donaciano Vigil House in Santa Fe By Carleen LazzeII Nombres. Spanish Given Nam es in New rebeIIion. based on co nte m po rary Mexico. Bernalillo. N. M.: Las Compafias documents include: Bancroft, History of Publications. 1982. 12. Arizona and .New Mexico. 432-436 : 2. Brief bloqraphies are in Ralph Twitchell, . Leading Facts. 233-254; Emerson Twitchell. The History of the Military Occupation, 124-146; F. Bennett Military Occupation of the Territory of Burton. "The Taos RebeIIion" in Old New Mexico from 1846-1851. Chicago: Santa Fe magazine. Vol. 1 (October. Rio Grande Press. 1909 reprint, 207-229; 1913). 176-207; Lawrence R. Murphy. David J. Weber. Dona ciano Vigil's Arms. "The United .States Army in Taos. 1847 Indians and the Mismanagement ofNew 1852." NMHR 47 (January 1972) 33-60; Mexico. The University of Texas at Bl Michael McNierney. Taos 1847, Boulder: Paso. Southwestern Studies No. 77. 1986. Johnson Publishing Co.. 1980; Roben 1. xvi-xviii. In addition. there is a book Torrez. "The 'New Mexican Revolt and length folklore type bioqraphy f. Stanley. Treason Trials of 1847" in Sunshine and Giant in Lilliput, Pampa. Texas : Pampa Shadows in New Mexico's Past. edited by Print Shop. 1963. Richard Melzer. Los Ranchos. N. M.: Rio 3. Janet Lecompte. "A Babble-Tongued Grande Books. 2010. Vol. I. 211-234. Multitude on the Upper Arkansas. 1821 35. Twitchell . Leading Facts. 248-251. 1856." in The Survival of Spanish 36. Janet Lecompte. RebeIIion in Rio American ViIIages. ed. by Paul Kutsche, Arriba. 1837. Albuquerque: Universi ty of Colorado Springs. Colorado College, New Mexico Press. 1985; Paul Kraemer. 1979. 75. 77. n 39. An Alternative View of New Mexico's Historic Dona ciano Vigil House lo cated at 4. See biographies in note No.2; Ralph 1837 RebeIIion, Los Alamos Historical 518 Alto Street. Santa Fe. New Mexico Emerson Twitchell. Old Santa Fe. Santa Society. 2009. (photOgraph cou rtesy of State Historic Preservation Office) Fe. 1925. 455. n 831. 37. A biography of Ceran S1. Vrain can The Donaciano Vigil House in who used traditional building materials 5. For instance. his December 1847 be put toqether from numerous Santa Fe is located at 518 Alto Street. and methods. The house was listed on address and note 47 on education and scattered portions of: David Lavender. Vigil inherited the house from his th e State ReSJister in 1969 and on the gove rnment is a typ ical sa mple of his Bent's Fort. Lincoln: University of parents and it dates back to at least the National ReSJister in 1972. It is now the progressive mind. Nebraska. 1954. time of his father's will of 1832. property of the Historic Santa Fe 6. Hubert Howe Bancroft. History of 38. David Weber. Arms. Indians and Donaciano wrote his own will in 1842 Foundation. For detailed information Arizona and New Mexico. facsimile of Mismanagement, 22. in which he listed additional property about the Donaciano Vigil House. see 1889 editio n. Albuquerque: Horn and 39. Twitchell. Leading Facts. 251-254. in the area which he purchased from MarSJaret Moore Booker. The Santa Fe Wallace. 1962. 426. n 21. 40. Twitchell. Military Occupation. 320; relatives. He had acquired one building House: Historic Residences. Enchanting 7. Ralph Emerson Twitchell. The Robert Torrez. "New Mexican Revolt". from his niece. another from his Adobes and Romantic Revivals (NYC: Leading Facts of the History of New 230. nephew and had built a third structure RizoIIi Books. 2009) . -CCL Mexico. Cedar Rapids. Iowa: Torch Press. 41. Michael McNierney. Taos 1847. 88 1912. Vol. II. 210-211. 89. himself. He extended his land holdings 8. Twitchell. Military Occupation. 226. 42. John S. D. Eisenhower. So Far from from the 75 varas of his inheritance to 9. David 1. Weber. The Mexican God. 363. 195 varas through purchases from his Frontier. 1821-1846. The American 43. Bancroft. History of Arizona and brothers and his sister. His rather Southwest Under Mexico. Albuquerque: New Mexico. 431 . extensive Santa Fe River property University of New Mexico Press . 1982. 14. 44. George f. Ruxton. Adventures in included a sizable orchard planted by 10. David Weber. Mexican Frontier. 32 . Mexico and th e Rocky Mountains. his father. The Vigil House and 11. A useful biography of the strange Glorierta. Rio Grande Press . 1973. 189. surro un d ing property was probably career of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 45. Michael McNierney. Taos 1847. 90. larger than any other in the Barrio de is: Will Fowler. Santa Anna of Mexico. 46. George A. McCall. New Mexico in Guadalupe . Lincoln; University of Nebraska Press. 1850 - A Military View. edited by Robert Dunnq his o ccupation of the 2007. W Frazer. Norman: University of house . which bears his name. it w as 12. David Weber. Mexican Frontier. 242 Oklahoma Press. 1968. 39. one of th e centers of civi c and political 272. 47. Twitchell, Leading Facts. 265. activity in the Territory as it had been 13. ibid . 244. 48. Twitchell. Military Occupation. 248. during his father's tenure. In 1855. he 14. David Weber. Arms. Indians and 49. ibid .. 197. and his family retired to their ranch on Mismanagement, 8. 50. Janet Lecompte. "Manuel Armijo the Pecos River. and the followinq year 15. ibid. 17-28. and the Americans." in Spanish and he sold the town property to Vicente 16. David Weber. Mexican Frontier. 271 . Mexican Land Grants in New Mexico and Garcia. Donaciano ViSJiI and his wi fe 17. ibid.. 271. Colorado. edited by 1. R. and C. M. Van are buried in the Rosario Cemetery in 18. ibid .. 271. Ness. Journal of the West (July 1980). 51 Santa Fe. 19. Benjamin Read. IIIustrated History 63. In th e late 1950s. the Vigil House of New Mexico. New York: Arno Press. 51. David Weber. "The New Mexico was bought by Charlotte White and Interior of the historic Dona ciano Vigil House 1972. 394-409. Archives in 1827". NMHR 61 (January 518 Alto Street. Santa Fe. New Mexico Boris Gilbertson. They beqan restoring 20. Fray Angelico Chavez. But Time and 1986). 54-55. (photoqrept: co ur tesy of State Historic it in 1959 employing local craftsmen Preservation Office) Chance. Santa Fe. Sunstone Press. 1981 . 52. Sandra K. Mathews-Lamb. 90. "DesiSJnin~ and Mischievous Individuals: 21. John S. D. Eisenhower. So Far from The Cruzate Grants and th e Office of the Ie· God. New York : Random House. 1989; Surveyor-General." NMfIR 71 (October Richard V FranderilI and Douglas W 1996). 344; David Weber. Arms. Indians Los Viejos Book Group of Santa Fe Richmond. editors. Dueling Eagles. Fort and Mismanagement. xviii. Worth: Texas Christian University Press. 53. Twitchell. Military Occupation. 225. Field Trips in Search of New Mexico Literary History 2000. 54. G. Emlen Hall. "Giant before th e By Kermit HilI 22. A general treatment of the U.S. Surveyor-General: The Land Career of expansionist period can be found in Donaciano ViSJ iI" in Spanish and Some one once said that "w he n all We also toured the Witter Bynner house George Brown Tindall. America - A Mexican Land Grants. 64-73. historians learn to write well there will in Santa Fe the next month. Bynner Narrative History. New York: W. W 55. David M. BruSJge. Navajos in the be no need for novelists." In liSJht of a was a major figure in the New Mexico Norton. 1984. 508-536. Church Records of New Mexico. Tsalle. growing recognition that social history art scene. I also remember a fall drive 23. David Weber. Mexican Frontier. 158 Arizona: Navajo Community College, matters as much as political-military to Rociada and Gascon as part of our 178. 1985. economic history. and that artists can attention to La Farge's Behind the 24. John S. D. Eisenhower. So Far from 56. Jane Lenz Elder and David 1. Weber. express all types of history in powerful Mountains. God. 170 -171. editors. Trading in Santa Fe, Southern ways we should honor social history I offer a double challenge. Weed. 25. Howard R. Lamar. The Far Methodist University Press . 1996. 208. for its true value . New Mexico. of reunion fame in La Southwest 1846-1912. New York: WW 57 . Dueling Eagles. 41 - 65. -PK "Los Viejos de Santa Fe. " the book Cronies de Nuevo Mexico. July 2010 Norton. 1970.67. SJroup to which I belong takes an (No. 84) has a group - "Weed Reads." 26. Twitchell. Old Santa Fe. 276 n 519. Paul M. Kraemer. Los Alamos. is a occasional field trip in search of Let us get more people of all ages 27. Twitchell. Leading Facts, 232-233 n frequent contributor to La Cronies de history. both literary and traditional. involved in reading. then. you readers 168. Nuevo Mexico. See his articles We also enjoy seeing architecture "hit the road" and have fun studying 28. ibid .. Vol. II. 219-221. "Shifting Ethnic Boundaries in connected to our reading. and are sure the literary history of New Mexico. 29. Mark Simmons. The Little Lion of to include a dininSJ experience as part -KM the Southwest, Chicago: Swallow Press . Colonial New Mexico." January 2000 " Re t ro ~ ra d e of the trip. Recently we traveled to the 1973.98-100. This book concerns one of (No. 51). Franciscans in the most prominent of the conspirators. New Mexico. 1625-1652." April 2002 1904 Carnegie Library in Las VeSJas to Manuel Antonio Chavez. (No. 56) . "Benavides Revisited: read poetry we lndtvidually liked. 30. Twitchell. Military Occupation, 238 Franciscan Lobbyist or Medieval foIlowed by lunch at the Plaza Hotel. 248. Visionary." March 2003 (No. 59). 31. Benjamin Read. Illustrated History "Origins and Early Development of 429-430; John S. D. Eisenhower. So Far New Mexico's Wine Industry." March from God. 379-380. xxii-xxiii. 2005 (No. 64). "Miera y Pacheco and 32. Twitchell. Leading Facts. 202-203 n the Gila Apaches." July 2008 (No. 76) 142. and "The Zealot and the Politician: 33. See note 30. Two 18th Century New Mexico 34. Descriptions of the Taos 1847 Franciscans." April 2010 (No. 83).
4 Reba Wells Grandrud Honored as 2010 Arizona Culturekeeper
especially known for its historic ways. She was a leader in the wide range of non-profits. including preservation projects. She became successful movement to resurrect the the Partnership for National Trails aware of two of the most si~nificant AZ Women's Hall of Fame program in System, Anza Trail Foundation, Old ISth and 19th century locations in 2002 after its unfortunate i i-year Spanish Trail Association. Arizona State Arizona - John H. Slauqhter's San hiatus. In 2003. in anticipation of Committee on Trails. Arizona History Bernardino Ranch in extreme Arizona's Statehood Centennial. she Convention, Pioneer Cemetery southeastern Cochise County, and the and Jim Garrison. Arizona State Association. Phoenix Corral of ford on the lower Colorado River Historic Preservation Officer, formed Westerners, and Sunnyslope Historical known as Yuma Crossing . Subsequent the inventory of Arizona Historic Society. She is currently co-authortnq work for the Yuma Crossing Cemeteries Workin~ Group (IAHC) a children's book about John Foundation (1 9S9-91) and continued county volunteers who are compilinq. Slaughter's younq daughter; Addie. the involvement with the Slaughter Ranch as Centennial Leqacy Project, a "~irl who met Geronimo." (19S3-present) has deepened comprehensive inventory of every Grandrud's interest and knowled~e in historic burial site in Arizona. 2010 Arizona Culturekeepers the history of each location. She Grandrud. also. is pleased that her • Anne Antone. Toohono shares this historic understandinq with efforts have resulted in preservation of O'odham Basket Weaver others in writings. in efforts to the personal papers of two important • Frank Barrios, Author and Dr. Reba Benge Wells Grandrud recognize historic routes and trails. and Historian September 19. 2010 as a statewide Roads Scholar (speaker) • Aaron Cohen, Guidon Books Scoctsdale. Arizona with the Arizona Humanities Council. • Reba Wells Grandrud, Historian A na rive of New Mexico At the historic Ellis-Shackelford (Lovington, Lea County). Reba Wells • Dan Harkins, Philanthropist and House in Phoenix. in the early 19S0s. Business Owner Grandrud went to Arizona from Grandrud volunteered with Wanda Albuquerque in January 19S2. She • Sue Harris. Arizona Performer Carlock to revive Arizona Historical and Songwriter holds de~rees from the University of Society's Bicentennial oral history New Mexico in education. Spanish • Roxanne Knight. Culture program. Together. they provided Preservation Borderlands history. and History of the training for others as well as American West. In her work (and play). • Rose Mefford, First Woman completing dozens of interviews Governor of Arizona. she has taken an active role in the themselves. In 19S6. Grandrud was preserving. teachinq. and publishinq of Humanitarian. Historic offered a position as Chief Preservation state. local. and reqtonal history in Curator/Assistant Director and worked Arizona and New Mexico . A special • Bill Owen, Cowboy Artist for AHS for almost three years before • Scottsdale Charros interest in historic trails stems from the Ieavins to become research historian Dr. Reba Benge Wells Gtendtud years she and her late husband, Dennis for Yuma Crossing Foundation. After & Bill Owen. Cowboy Artist another Recipient J. Wells. hiked. researched and the death of her husband. in 1991, of the 2010 Arizona Culturekeepers photographed several Arizona Septem ber 19.2010 Grandrud was hired as the first Heritage (Editorial note: Reba Wells Grandrud is segrnents of the Southern Route to Fund planner for Arizona State Historic Arizona individuals: architects Gerald Curtis Fort's aunt. See article about Fort California. In January 19SS, according Preservation Office (SHPO), then A. Doyle. whose rich cache of on paqe S of this issue .) to the Guinness World Book of became SHPO historian and documents are now at Hayden Records. they were the discoverers of Coordinator of the National Re~ister Library/ASU, and historian/author the "world's tallest saquaro." located in for Historic Places. Mar~uerite Buchanan Noble whose Pima Pass in the Maricopa Mountains. Since retirement from SHPO in wealth of materials await processing at Grandrud's love affair with Arizona 1995, and in 2000, as two-year director Arizona State Archives. beqan to blossom when she started of the Arizona Historical Society Grandrud continues to work as a work in 19S3 as research Museum in Papaqo Park . Reba Wells historical consultant and an active historian/writer for Gerald A. Doyle & Grandrud has continued dili~ently to volunteer. She is in a leadership Associates. a Phoenix architectural firm preserve Arizona's history in many position. or as a board member for a ·e ·e· The Lodge at Sierra Blanca Dr. Richard Greenleaf Honored Ruidoso, New Mexico Dr. Richard Greenleaf was honored Tulane University (New Orleans), at a reception this past Auqust by rernaininq there until his retirement in University of New Mexico Libraries. the 1995. UNM Latin American and Iberian Dr. Greenleaf's lfIenerosity is well Institute and the UNM Foundation for a known. He has ~iven nearly $1.3 lifetime of scholarship and ~enerous million to the University of New ~ivin~. The event was hosted at Mexico. He continues to support the University House and drew friends. Greenleaf Student Fellowship, the students and colleagues from across Greenleaf Visitin~ Library Scholar the country and Mexico to celebrate Proqram and the Greenleaf Crypto the publication of The Inquisition in Judaism program. Colonial Latin America: Selected His most recent contribution to Writings of Richard E. Greenleaf University Libraries was ~iven to the published by the Academy of American Center for Southwest Research and Franciscan History. Special Collections to begin to create Although born in Arkansas, detailed di~ital reference ~uides to Greenleaf spent his childhood in New more than S5,OOO paces of Spanish Mexico where he developed his Colonial documents. Michael Kelly, interests in Native American culture, associate dean for scholarly resources
The Lodge at Sierra Blanca. Conference Hotel for the New Mexico History Conference the Southwest and Latin America. He says. 'With this lfIift. Dr. Greenleaf is Ruidoso. New Mexico. May 5- 7.2011 completed his underqraduate and providing the next lfIeneration of ~raduate education at the University of scholars access to primary resources New Mexico, receiving his PhD in 1957. that have. until now. not been widely His ~raduate advisor. and UNM icon, available." France YJ. Scholes. introduced him to It is a testament to Dr. Greenleaf many of his Iifelonq interests. From that so many of his colleagues and 1955 to 1969. Greenleaf taught in the students attended the festtvitles. history department at the University of (The above information was published the Americas in Mexico City. In 1969. by the UNM Foundation. Fall 2010) he moved to the history department at
Membership Benefits Historical Society of New Mexico • La Cronica de Nuevo Mexico (Quarterly Official Publicati on) • Annual Awards • Speakers Bureau • Scholarship Proqrems • Annual New Mexico History Conference • Cultural Property Review Plaques Remember Friends & Family with Gift Memberships To Join see www.hsnm.org.
5 Carlos Ortiz Receives 2010 Buck Ramsey Heritage Award
Carlos Ortiz was chosen as the back home. The first ni~ht back he cattle horseback to fencing. and he ~o o d time doinq it. and he made them recipient of the Buck Ramsey Heritag-e asked for someone to turn the Ii~hts do esn 't believe in just doing- the easy feel so proud of their day's work. He Award for Fostering- the Cowboy and on . When it was explained that the way out. loves helping children with their Panchinq Way of Life, which was coal oil lamps were the Ii~ht, he He enjoys the Ieedinc, brandinq horsemanship, cattle work and ropinq. presented on September 25. 2010 at the countered with. "There is better Ii~ht. and neiqhborinq. He breaks and helping with their 4-H projects and annual Nara Visa Cowboy Gathering in just pull the cord." It was many years finishes horses for hims elf and others, youth rod eo competitions. He enjoys Nara Visa, New Mexico . The Award before they could "pull the cord" and and is a top team rop er. Neighborinq is seeing the younqer ~eneration havtnq nomination is as follows: ~e t Ii~ht. Due to the remoteness of one of the ranching duties that Carlos an interest in ranching. and developing When someone is described as their land, they had neither electricity enjoys. He likes to help anytime he can that love for the lifestyle that he has. having earned so mu ch respect and nor telephone until 1980. and is in hi~h demand as a "top. all Carlos is a sensitive, carinq, loyal admiration throu qh his honesty. hard When his dad passed away, Carlos ar ound hand." Be it brandinc. person. When his friend had a tragedy, work and caring- of others. you know was only seve n years old. When sh ipping, do ct orinq. cal vtn q or he was the first there and the last to that person is Carlos Orti z. He has lived money was short and g-rass was scant. whateve r. Carlos ~ i ve s it his all. In the leave. He is described as "no fair his life by the traditions of the west. he worked hard at sin ~eing spines off last couple years there have been days weather friend;" he is there through caring- for the land, livestock, family cac tus to feed the cattle. Since he was that he was feeltnq bad health-wise, but thick and thin, the ~ood and the bad. and friends . ve ry young, he showed ~r i t and he was still th ere horseback and the sunshine and the storms, a man Both his paternal and maternal determination to get things done and workin~ cattle. When asked why he you can depend upon. You need only s;!randparents homesteaded and settled do them ris;!ht. didn't stay home and rest. he always to see where Carlos was raised, way in the Trementina and Garita, New After finishing hi ~h school and responded that it is what he loves and is back off the beaten path (you can Mexico, area in the early 1900s. There trade school, Carlos began working at when he is the happiest. and that he's barely ~et there by horseback) to know were 10 childre n in Carlos' family, neiqhborinq ranches. When he ~ot not goin~ to quit. how far he has come. To come from Carlos beins;! the yo unges t. Times were married in 1980, he went to work for A few years aqo . he was worried such humble beqlnntnqs. and become toug-h as they were for so many at that the Clabber Hill and then the Willie about the young people and preservinq as knowl ed~eable and respected as he time. Durtnq the drouqht of the mid White ranch out of Gate City, and the our ranchtnq heritage. He felt that they is, he is well deservinq of this award. fifties. his parents saw fit to sell the Chappel-Spade until they sold out. He needed to learn how to be ~ood hands The above was published (with livestock and lease out their land. has worked on, managed and helped at by example. and had a "kid's branding." photog-raphs) in the Union County When one baby ~ i r l was 14 days old . various ranches. Carlos now has his Breakfast was at 5:00 a.m. and they Leader. Clayton. NM, October 27. 2010. they packed up all they owned and own plac e, and manaqes a ranch for were off. The kids s;!athered, sorted , moved to Albuqu erque to find work. Hollis Kent. as well as leasing acreage in flanked . branded and drug calves to Carlos was thre e years old wh en the the area. He has learned the proper the fire. They all learned how it was lease was up and they were able to ~o way to run a ranch. from workin ~ done. and Carlos made sure they had a • • • '"In Memoriam-: Richard Abruzzo. a ~e 47. and Carol Rymer Davis. a~e 65, apparently perish ed Herzstein Memorial Museum in Clayton. Burial took place at the Ojo Bonito durinq a severe storm in the Adriatic Sea on September 30, 2010. The balloonists Cemetery on the Barney Ranch west of Clayton . launched on September 25 from Bristol, Enqland in their effort to win the 54th Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Race. The two pilots had flown in many ~as balloon Carlos R. Montoya. a Bataan Death March survivor and former restaurant owner races throughout the years and they won the Gordon Bennett competition in 2004. in Albuqu erque died in San Dieqo. CAon Auqust 24.2010 at the age of 95. Montoya, Abruzzo was involved in the operations of Sandia Peak Tramway, Sandia Ski Area a Pena Blanca native mo ved to Albuquerque in 1935. He was a member of the New a~e and Ski Santa Fe. His father, Ben Abruzzo along with Maxie Anderson and Larry Mexico National Guard's 200th Coast Artillery. At the of 25, he deployed from Newman flew the first Atlanti c Ocean crossinq in their "Double Eagle II" ~a s ballo on Fort Bliss, TX in 1941 and was tak en prisoner after the bataan Peninsula was in August 1978. Dr. Davis wa s a radioloqist. The two were honored with a tribute surrendered in 1942. Montoya opene d and managed Cocina de Carlos Restaurant to their lives at the Albuquerque Balloon ParR on October 30. Governor Bill on north Second Street and later moved the establishment to Lomas, NE. Richardson ordered flag-s to be flown at half mast on October 29 and October 30. Montoya's life has been detailed in the bOOR Carlos - A Tale of Survival by 1.L. Kunkle (l-Sochet Press). William H. Goetzmann was 80 years old whe n he died at his home in Austin. TX, on September 7.2010. Dr. Goetzmann was born in WA on July 20. 1930, but ~rew Jose Alfonso Nolan. Sr. died on October 23, 2010 at the as;!e of 99. Nolan was born up in St. Paul. MN. After receiving his PhD from Yale University in 1957. his on June 12, 1911 in Los Escondida near Was;!on Mound. He was the oldest of 12 dissertation was published. Goetzmann was a history professor at the University of children. lie married Rosie Cordova in 1935 and they were married for 73 years. Texas, Austin , for more than 40 years. He wrote and edited more than two dozen Nolan lived in Miami, New Mexico in a home which he built. He worked at many histor y bOORS. including- his Pulitzer-winning Exploratio n andEmpire: The Explorer jobs throughout his life includinq scho ol bus driver. carpe nter at Philmont Scout ~ua rd and the Scientist in the Winning of the American West (1966). In 1986. Dr. Ranch an d at the New Mexico Boys School. He farm ed and had his sheep. Goetzmann helped create the PBS documentary "The West of the Imagination. " A cows, rabbits an d also a pet skunk. Services were held at S1. Joseph's Catholic book of the same title. co -written by his son William. was published that same year. Church in Springer; New Mexico a~e William B. Lenoir. ag-e 71 , died on August 26, 2010 from injuri es suffered from a florence Palladino Pavioni. 95, passed away at her home in Albuquerque bicycle accident near his home in Placitas . An astronaut with NASA since 1967, on Auzust 11 , 2010. Florence was a descendant of Gaetano and Julia Dlqneo Lenoir flew as mission spec ialist on the STS-5 Columbia spa ce shuttle in November PaIIadin o. Palladino and his son-in-law Michele BerardineIIi constructed the 1886 1982. The Columbia and itscreworbited Earth 81 timesbefore Iandinq at Edwards Bernalillo Coun ty Courthouse in Old Town (demolished 1959). Palladino and his Di~neo Air Force Base. California. Among his many honors, Lenoir received NASA's brother-in-law Carlo were the contractors for the oriqinal Hodqin Hall in 1892 (first buildinq at University of New Mexico) , which was remodeled to the Exceptional Service Medal in 1974 and the Spa ce Fli~ht Medal for the 1982 mission. Lenoir lo~~ed more than 122 hours in space . Pueblo Revival style in 1908. The Italian stonemasons first arrived in Santa Fe to work on St. Francis Cathedral. Florence and her late sister. Armida Palladino, Henrietta Berber Loy passed away on October 17. 2010, at her home in s;!raciously shared their family history with scholars. Albuquerque at the a~e of 92. She was born in 1917 at her ~randmother's house on Edith. SE, Albuqu erque. and was the first delivery for Dr. William Lovelace, MD . In Thomas J. Steele. priest and scholar. died in Denver on October 25. 2010. A 1960, Henrietta received a master's deqree in history from the University of New memorial mass was held for the Reverend Father on November 2. 2010 at the Mexico . As a teacher. she encouraged her students to love history and understand Immaculate Con ception Church in downtown Albuquerque. He was ordained at how our history shapes who we are an d who we hope to become. She received an St. Mary's Colleg-e in Kansas in 1964. came to Immaculate Conception the same Outstandinq Teacher Award from the state of New Mexico. Her late husband Arthur year, and completed his doctorate in Enqlish at University of New Mexico . The Loy was the founder of KHFM . Henrietta and Arthur spent their lives volunteerinq Catholic Jesuit priest lived in the Downtown church community for more than 40 dividin~ for cultural and historical orqani zations. Her obituary reads: "Devotion to years, his time between New Mexico and Colorado where he taught Excellence" describes the life of Henrietta "Dolly" Loy. Enqlish at R e~is University in Denver. He retired in 1997 as a professor emeritus. Accordin g- to an article by Lloyd Jojola. Albuquerque Journal, October 30. 2010. Joe M. Lujan died on October 19. 2010. Lujan was elected ~ove rno r of Sandia about Father Steele, he wrote "The writer, social historian and collector was the Pueblo in January 2009. In a stat ement released by Senator Jeff Bin ~aman, he said author or co-author of multiple books about religtous art and culture. amonq them "Governor Lujan was instrumental in the success Sandia Pueblo had in reaching Saints and Santos: The Religious Folk Ar t ofHispanic New Mexico. He was working the a~reem ent that settled the pu eblo's claims in the Sandia Mountains." The T'uf on his final collaborative effort. a bOOR on Father Antonio Jose Martinez at the time Shur Bien Preservation Trust Area settlement gave the pueblo the r i ~ ht to use about of this death." 10.000 acres of the Sandia Mountains for traditional purposes, and settled land claims about the area. David Joseph Weber. a~e 69. passed away on August, 20, 2010, in a Gallup hospital near his summer home in Ramah, NM. Dr. Weber was born on December Anto nio Jose "Tony" Martinez. Sr. died on October 6. 2010, at the a~e of 90 in 20, 1940, in Buffalo, NY and ~rew up in nearby Cheektowaqe. He enrolled as a Roy, New Mexico. Martinez was born November 4. 1919. on the family ranch mu sic student in State University of New York College at Fredonia. but soon homestead at Carri zo in Harding- County. Tony had a rich Spanish heritaqe. He was cha nged to Latin American history. After graduatin ~ with a BA deqree in social a descendent of Don Antonio Jose Severina Martinez who settled in Taos durinq the sciences in 1962, he came to Albuqu erque to attend the University of New Mexico, Spanish Colonial period. Today the Hacienda de los Martinez in Taos, built in 1804, where he received a MA degree in 1964 and a PhD in Latin American history in is a museum. Tony spent his life workinq on the family ranch in Harding- County 1967. His dissertation was published in 1971 as The Taos Trappers: The Fur Trade and later purchased his own place at Yates, New Mexico, wh ere he raised cattle and in the Far Southwest, 1540-1846. Early in his career, Weber taught at San Diego sheep . For more information about his fife. see Union County Leader. October 13. Stat e University. In 1976 he went to Southern Methodist University in Dallas. a 2010. And. to see photoqraphs of the Martinez Hacienda, see Union County Leader. Jeadlnq research center for the study of the American West and the United States October 27.2010. Mexico borderlands. David published more than two dozen books on Spanish and Mexican America. In 2002 he was made a member of the Real Orden de Isabella Valentine f.Miera passed away on June 5. 2010 at the as;!e of 84. Miera was a Catolica. the Spanish equivalent of a knighthood, and in 2005 the ~overnment of Iifelonq rancher in the Beenham Community in Union County, New Mexico. He Mexico named him to the Order of the Aztec Ea~les , its his;!hest honor bestowed on supplemented his income by worleinq as a mechanic and driving a school bus. He foreigners. For a heartfelt tribute to David 1. Weber, see Santa Fe New Mexican, married Iren e Sanchez in 1948. Miera was a member of the historic Sacred Heart August 27, 2010,"Trail Dust: Remembering an Irreplaceable Southwest Historian" Catholic Church in Bueyeros . His daughter Victoria Baker is the Director of the by Dr. Marc Simmons.
6 HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF NEW MEXICO
Membership Services I
FROM OUR PRESIDENT Planning for the 2011 New Mexico provide to HSNM a percentage of the Professor of History. NMSU. Las Cruces. commuruues plans for History Conference. to be held May 5-7 sales at no extra cost to you . Think "ACCidents and Injuries in Twentieth commemorating statehood. If you are in Ruidoso and Lincoln County. is well about this as you do your holiday Century Southern New Mexico Mintnq" interested. just contact David Caffey. under way. Our partners. the Lincoln shopping-we will certainly appreciate • Aimee Villarreal Garza. PhD Program Committee Chair. at County Historical Society and the your support of this program. Candidate. Anthropology. University of [email protected]. Lincoln/Fort Stanton State Monuments. Also. if you don't have your copy California. Santa Cruz. "Places of Finally. we congratulate the along with Fort Stanton. Inc. and the yet. please take a look at Sunshine & Sanctuary: Mediating Secular and Historical Society's 2nd Vice-President, Hubbard Museum. are putting together Shadows in New Mexico's Past: The Sacred Values in New Mexico" Don Bullis. who has published a number some excellent events. including an Spanish Colonial & Mexican Periods. • UNM Center for Regional Studies of excellent books on New Mexico opening reception on Thursday at the 1540-1848. edited and with an Fellowship: Sam Markwell. Masters history. on being named the state's Hubbard Museum. Saturday afternoon introduction by Richard Melzer. This Degree Student. American Studies. Centennial Author. Earlier this year. tours and presentations in Old Lincoln. first volume of the three-part HSNM UNM. "Transformations in Agricultural New Mexico State Library personnel and some special presentations on Centennial Series includes 16 essays by Water Governance in New Mexico: and some of those who are working Saturday afternoon and evening at Fort some outstanding historians and From Acequias to Conservancy" hard to prepare for our state's Stanton. authors. This would make an excellent • Katherine Massoth. PhD Candidate. centennial celebration in 2012. The program is shaping up to be gift for anyone interested in New History. University of Iowa. "Oh Yes. She undertook to identify significant New perhaps the best ever. with an Mexico history. The second volume had Worked very Hard When she was Mexico writers who could share their unprecedented number of presentation covering the Territorial Period will be Young:' Women's Labor in the New work with tourists and New Mexicans proposals submitted. Our Program out by the time of the 2011 New Mexico Mexico Territory" alike in 2011 and 2012. Don was chosen Committee. chaired by David Caffey. HistoryConference in Ruidoso. May 5-7. • Sandra K. Mathews. PhD. Professor by a selection committee appointed by has shaped the presentations into a first The Office of the State Historian and of History. Nebraska Wesleyan the State Library. Also named were for us-four parallel sessions! We know Historical Society of New Mexico University. "The 1689 Cruzate Grants Veunda Micheaux Nelson. Children's that most of us get frustrated at not Scholars Program and Subsequent Stru1616les by Pueblo Author; Levi Romero. Poet; Joe Hayes. being able to attend all the New Mexico State Historian Dr. Rick Indians to Defend and Maintain Storyteller; and N. Scott Momaday as presentations we'd like to hear. but we Hendricks and the President of the Ownership of their Traditional Lands" Distinguished Writer. have a great diversity of topics and Historical Society of New Mexico. Dr. • Brandon Morgan. PhD Candidate. Thanks to Our Donors many new presenters lined up for this Michael Stevenson. recently History. UNM. "Columbus. New Mexico: The Society is pleased to announce conference. We wanted to include as announced a new partnership between The History of the Rural Border" that it has received another very many as we could. and it should be a the State Records Center and Archives • Johnathan Puff. Masters Degree in generous donation. in the amount of great experience. Fortunately. the and its Office of the State Historian and Architecture. University of Michigan. $11.500. from the King/Carpenter Ruidoso Convention Center has plenty the Historical Society. The partnership Taubman College. "Riparian Dreams: Foundation. This is in addition to an of space for the sessions and is a great will focus on a joint Office of the State Resettlement in the Lower Rio Grande earlier donation of $10.000 from this facility for what will likely be a very Historian and Historical Society Valley" Foundation which. along with a well-attended conference. Scholars Program. Under the proqram, • Federico A. Reade Jr.. PhD. Film donation of more than $10.000 from the An important addition to the fellowships of up to $1.000 will be Maker/Independent Scholar. Santa Fe Corral of the Westerners. was conference are some special sessions awarded to students and other scholars Albuquerque. NM. "Insights Regarding used to establish the Society's Paul C. S. and workshops aimed at K-12 social to perform research in New Mexico the Tierra Amarilla Courthouse Raid. Carpenter Education Fund. Of the studies teachers. to be held at the San archival repositories on topics relating the Demise of the AIianza. and the latest donation. $1.500 has been Juan Church in Lincoln on Saturday. to New Mexico history and culture. Current Land Grant Movement" designated to support the 2011 Office of May 7. The focus of these will be on Prior to the conclusion of the • UNM Center for Regional Studies the State Historlan/Histoncal Society New Mexico Statehood. including the fellowship. each scholar wiII be Fellowship: Ashley Sherry. Masters Scholars Program. in addition to $3.000 struggle to achieve it and its impact. required to submit a written report on Degree Student. Anthropology. UNM. '''1 already allocated to this program from with teachers' workshops on the archival research he or she has interact, therefore. I am :' La Donna the Paul C. S. Carpenter Education Fund Statehood-related curricula that are conducted and give a public lecture Harris and Taos Blue Lake" and $4.000 from the Jane Sanchez being developed. We expect a good based on the fellowship research. For • David Snow. Historian/Independent Legacy Fund . We want to especially turnout of teachers. particularly from 2011 a total of $12.000 in fellowships Scholar. Albuquerque. NM thank James N. and Ellen King and Paul Lincoln County and nearby areas. will be awarded. "The Life and Times of Dona Maria de C. S. Carpenter for their support of the Other conference attendees are more Funding for the fellowships is made Jesus Trujillo" Society and the Scholars Program. than welcome to attend these sessions . possible through the generosity of • Myra Ellen Jenkins Award: Joy We also want to thank the Ellison A change from our last several several non-profit organizations. These Sperling. PhD. Professor of Art History. Family Grant. Dr. Solon Arthur Ellison. conferences is that we will hold our include the Humanities Council of New Denison University. Ohio. "Art. Tourism. and the New Mexico Humanities Book Auction and Awards Banquet on Mexico. the Ellison Family Grant. the and the Spectacle of the Southwest: Council for their donations in support Friday evening rather than Saturday. King/Carpenter Foundation and the Visually Enchanting the Land of of the Scholars Program. The These events will also be held at the Historical Society's Paul Carpenter Enchantment" Humanities Council has also provided Convention Center. and we expect to Education Fund and Jane Sanchez For more information on the us with a $1.050 grant to help support have a great time. particularly at the Legacy Fund. The Historical Society program contact Dr. Dennis Trujillo, the teachers' sessions to be held at the Book Auction. We hope to expand the serves as fiscal agent for these funds . Assistant State Historian and HSNM Ruidoso Conference. for which we are scope of the Auction a bit this year. so and the Center for ReSJional Studies at Board member. at 505-476-7998 or send very grateful. Finally. we thank Dr. we will welcome your donations of the University of New Mexico funds two an email [email protected]. Laurence 1. Campbell for his donation objects of historical interest. such as additional scholarships to UNM Statehood Centennial of $5.000 to support video recording of maps. posters. prints . etc .. in addition to students. The scholar with the highest Despite state funding holds. a presentations at the 2010 New Mexico books. scoring proposal will be designated as number of projects are onsoinq related History Conference at Hobbs and the The conference hotel will be the the Myra Ellen Jenkins Awardee. to the commemoration of Centennial of 2011 Conference at Ruidoso . Lodge at Sierra Blanca. which is The Historical Society will New Mexico Statehood. including the FinaIIy. we want to recognize and adjacent to the Convention Center in administer the funding and contract formation of a new 501(C)(3) non-profit thank all who made other special Ruidoso and is an excellent hotel in a with those awarded fellowships. The corporation. the NM Centennial contributions to the Society in the last beautiful setting. We strongly Office of the State Historian will issue foundation. Inc.. and the selection of a year. As of November 1. this includes: encourage everyone to reserve early by the call for proposals. convene an design for a Centennial Balloon . The 150 Club donations: Aqnesa and Bruce calling (575) 258-5500and asking for the awards committee to review qualifying Historical Society's 2012 New Mexico Kidney. Willard and Kay Lewis. Paul Historical Society rates. which are $99 applications and to select the Statehood History Conference has been Rhetts. and Calvin Smith. for a double queen and $109 for a Kin16 fellowship recipients and verify that the designated an official Centennial Benefactor ($250 plus) Level Studio Suite. The rooms are very nice terms of the agreements have been met. Project by the Statehood Centennial members: Thomas B. Clegg. Jacqueline and spacious. with the regular rates The partnership will allow the Steering Committee. and this should be Dunnington. and Martha Shipman being much higher. continuation of a program that had a very important conference for both Andrews . So. please join us in Lincoln County been suspended because of Fiscal Year the Society and the state of New Patron ($100) Level members: John for what we think will be the biggest 2011 budgetary limitations at the State Mexico. Baxter. Charlene Brown. Gene Bundy & and best New Mexico History Records Center and Archives. The Steering Committee and its Geni Flores. David Caffey. Mr. & Mrs. Conference ever. We all learn a lot at The Office of the State Historian is a History Subcommittee. chaired by State Thomas B. Catron. III. Jacquelyn E. these conferences and also have a lot of division of the State Records Center and Historian Rick Hendricks. has also Chase . Tom & Celia Chavez. Henrietta & fun! Look for more information on Archives and is headed by the State developed a timeIine of events related Walter Christmas. Linda M. Davis. Ray wwwhsnm.orq as it becomes available Historian . More information about the to New Mexico achieving statehood. Dewey. Deborah L. Dicaas. Nancy Dimit. and for the conference program. which State Records Center and Archives and The timeline will be featured at the 2011 Dennis J. Erickson. Vernon L. Glover. should be out in January. the Office of the State Historian can be New Mexico History Conference in Robert & Eva Himmerich y Valencia. Amazon Associate found at www.nmcpr.state.nm. Among Ruidoso and is planned to be made Aqnese & Bruce Kidney. Penny Lindsey. The Historical Society of New the projects administered by the Office available in various formats to schools. Richard Melzer. Morgan Nelson. Dennis Mexico is now an Amazon Associates of the State Historian is the history libraries. museums and other & Trudy O'Toole. John B. & Barbara H. member! If you go to our website. website: wwwnewmexlcohistoryorq. organizations around the state. Ramsay. Calvin Roberts. Janet Saiers. wwwhsnrn.orq. look for the links on the The 12fellowship awardees for 2011. In addition to special statehood David & Irene Schneider. Timothy M. left for "Books" or "Amazon.com. The who have just been selected. and their related sessions for educators at the Sheehan. and Mike & Anita Stevenson. Books page links to a number of research topics are as follows: 2011 Ruidoso conference. there will be excellent works written or • Nader Ayadi. Masters Degree a panel session chaired by David recommended by Board members and Student, Anthropology. NMSU. "The Townsend of Alamogordo on Sincerely. the Amazon.com link gives you the Representation of Muslims in the "Celebrating Our State: Centennial Michael Stevenson Amazon home page . Your purchases Spanish Folk Dances Moros y Plans Around New Mexico." David on Amazon through these links Cristianos. Matachines and Matamoros" would welcome a few more participants (including items other than books) will • Jamie Lara Bronstein. PhD. on the panel who can share their
7 • • This Newspaper is published by IiISTORICAL SOCIETY Of Non-Profit O rganization NEW MEXICO PO Box 19 12 U.S. POSTAGE PAID Santa Fe, New Mexico 87 504 La Crol1ica Sa nta Fe, New Mexico EDITOR 87501 Carleen C. Lazzell oe Nuevo Mexico Permit No. 95 Ronald R. Hadad - Associate Editor OffICERS Number 85 Michael Stevenson - President David L. Caffey - 1St Vice President HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF NEW MEXICO Don Bullis - snd Vice President John Ramsay - Treasurer Post Office Box 1912 Henrietta M. Christmas - Secretary DIRECTORS Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504 Wil liam Bayne Anderson Marth a Shipman Andrews Charlie Carr illo Kathryn f lynn RETURN SERVICE REQUESTED Mclftha Liebert Bruce Gjeltma Rene Harr is Kerm it Hill TO: Carleen Lazzcll David Myers Deborah Slaney Calvin B. Smith Denni s Trujill o Stephen Zimm er Ex-Of ficio Richard Melzer - Past President Ex-Off icio Frances Levin e · NM History Museum Ex-Offi cio Rick Hendri cks-State II istori an The opi nio ns expressed in siQned articles are not necessarily those of the Historical SOC iety of New Mexico. Menti on of a produ ct. service or professional in these columns is nor to be considered an endor sement of that produ ct. service or profession by the Histor lcal Society of New Mexico. Primed by Tt l-State PrintinQ. www.hsnm.org • • Curtis Fort "Scatterin' the Drive" in New Mexico Stockman
worl:~in5J cowboy on several New called a "Story-Teller in Bronze." Hehas Mexico ranches. "Scatterin' the Drive" had a Ionq association with the New will tell stories from those days. Mexico Stockman magazine as well as remembering ranches he wo rked on the New Mexico Cattle Growers' and the people he worked With. With Association. this column. Fort hopes to give readers "We are looking forward to something on a lighter note to read and "Scatterin' the Drive" with him each enjoy. month when he shares with us his "I want to give people something stories. and those of his cowpuncher fun to read. and will share some of my amieos . who take pride in "riding for experienc es - the humor. camaraderie. the brand." said Caren Cowan. values. cowboys. hors es and history publisher of the New Mexico from those ranches." he said. "Growmq Stockman. up in a~riculture you learn certain Published each month. the New valu es. the values that my dad taught storYleDer Mexico Sto ckman is the official me . When you work for someone. you In Bronze publication of the New Mexico Cattle ~ive them your all. You don't just ~o Growers' Assoc iation and the New home at five; you keep wo rk i n~ until Mexico Wool Growers. Inc. Available the cattle are all in. or have water. or both in hard copy and on the internet Curtis Fort. a working cowboy whatever the job is that day." at www.aaalivestock.com. the "Spiti ntn ' His Yam" (photo grap h provided by Steph en Zimmer) The column's title refers to maqazine has a circulation of over 7000 Painting of Curtis Fort Startlnq in October 2010. the gathe ring a pasture. when the boss by Gary Morton. readers. For subscription information. monthly New Mexico Stockman scatters 10 or 12 cowboys. half who (lll ustretio n from W\VU7.cur tisfo rt.co m) please call (505) 243-9 515 or write to megazlne will feature a new column. have never been in the pasture before. focuses on his days working on the Bell PO Box 7127. Albuquerque. NM 87194. "Scatterin' the Drive." by New Mexico around a pasture at daylight and they Ranch with Leo Turner. wagon boss at (Note:Curtis fort received the Twitchell artist and storyteller Curtis Fort. come out with the herd. "I'm gathering that time. Awardat the 2010 HistoryConference. See After graduating from New Mexico in the stories and experiences I had Today. as a full-time sculptor. Fort "Curtis fort - Story Teller in Bronze" by State University (NMSU). the Lea worl