1 Electronic Supplementary Material for HOW DO GEOLOGICAL SAMPLING BIASES AFFECT STUDIES of MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION in DEEP TIME
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1 Electronic Supplementary Material for HOW DO GEOLOGICAL SAMPLING BIASES AFFECT STUDIES OF MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION IN DEEP TIME? A CASE STUDY OF PTEROSAUR (REPTILIA: ARCHOSAURIA) DISPARITY Richard J. Butler,1,2 Stephen L. Brusatte,3,4,5 Brian Andres,6,7 and Roger B. J. Benson8,9 1Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA 4Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA 5E-mail: [email protected] 6Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, USA 7E-mail: [email protected] 8Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom 9E-mail: [email protected] 2 This file includes 1. Introduction 2. Character/taxon matrix 1 3. Character/taxon matrix 2 4. Character list 1. Introduction This is one of two supplementary data files accompanying the paper “How do geological sampling biases affect studies of morphological evolution in deep time? A case study of pterosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) disparity”. This file contains the character/taxon datasets used to generate disparity data series. The second supplementary data file is in Microsoft Excel format, and contains information on taxon ranges and time bins, disparity and geological sampling data series, and results of modelling, multiple regression and statistical analyses. 2. Character/taxon matrix 1 Character matrix without missing data reconstruction used in the disparity analyses of the Pterosauria (modified from Andres 2010). Characters are polarized with respect to a sole outgroup: Euparkeria capensis Huxley, 1877. Parentheses denote polymorphic character codings. Inapplicable and missing data are both coded with a question mark. Valid genus and species names are written in italics. This modified matrix was created specifically for the described disparity analyses by B. Andres and should not be used for phylogenetic reconstruction, which would give erroneous results different from the parsimony analysis of the original dataset (Andres 2010) that will be published elsewhere (B. Andres et al. in preparation). 3 Euparkeria capensis 000010?01100000210?001????0102110?010000000000000?????000000100?000?00 00000000000000??00?00100000000010?00001001000000000010000000000000000 ?0000000000000000000?0????0000???00?00000000 Eudimorphodon ranzii 000000?1120101?0110001?????0???11?010011000000200?????003000000?100?002 00000000??0?0??01?00200100000110?0011100011001003201001?10???000?00??? 0?0002010?10011?1000??100001?????01??00??? Eudimorphodon rosenfeldi 001100?21101011011000100110011111?010011000000200?????003000000?100?00 2000000?00100??????00100100000110?0011000011001003201001?10?000000?0?0 000?001010?1?011?1000?00000010000001??0?010 Eudimorphodon cromptonellus ?????????1????0110?001011??1012??????0?100????????????0?200?00???0??0????0 ???0????????????0?0????00??????0?10000?10?(01)0032?1?????0???0?????0?00?000 101?01??110100?????0?01??0???10000?10 Peteinosaurus zambelli ?????????2???????????1?0?1???10?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????00?0000??000?0?001100001?0000022??000??????????????????0?????? ???????????????00100000????????0 Caviramus schesaplanensis ?????????10????????????????????????????1????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????0100111110000?00?10000??0?(01)0032??001?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? Raeticodactylus filisurensis 000000?0110101???00???001??010111?01001110000020101010002000000??00?00 200000000??0????01??0100111110000?0011100010001003201001?10?0000???00?? ???????????0?11?1000??0?000?0?0???100?0??0 Austriadactylus cristatus 000000?012010?0011?0??0011?????11?0100110000001?101020001001000?100?00 10000000??10????0????200000000010?0011100010000001101000????00000000?00 000001????1??11??00????00001??00??1??????? Preondactylus buffarinii 001110?01101001?11000101110001111?010011000?00100?????001001000??0???? 1000000?????????????0100000000010??011?000100000011010000????0?00???0?00 0?001???????11??000??0000010?00001?0?0010 Dimorphodon macronyx 002010?01201011010001201110010001?010011000200210?????011001000?100?00 100000000?10????01??0100000000010?10001001100000013010000?1???000??000 10?0002?????001101010?020000100010010000010 Parapsicephalus purdoni ???0?1?0???????????????????????0??0??011000200210?????012001000?100?00100 00000001000??01001??????????????0????01????(01)0??????0???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? Campylognathoides liasicus 001000?11101021010001101111001111?010011000000210?????002000000?100?00 20000100001000??01?01200100001?10?100000011100001??00001010?0000000000 1000002111010111?1000?020000100110110100011 4 Campylognathoides zitteli 000000?11101012110000111101?01111?010011000000210?????002000000?100?00 ?0000100???0???????01200100001?10?100000011100001??00001????00000??0001 0?0002?11?1?111?1000??200001?01101101?0011 Sericipterus wucaiwanensis 00???????0??01?01?????00?1?????12101111110???0?11001?00?20000?0???0?0?201 ?00??1??000?????11????10001????100221130111111??10?0??1000000????0????00 02?????001101020?????????0210????????? Angustinaripterus longicephalus 000222?1100????????????????????1210111111000002?1001?0002000000?10??0020 1000001???????01??1100010001?10?100221130111111??1000???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? Harpactognathus gentryii ?????????0?????????????????????12021111110???0??1001?00?200?0?????????????? ????????0??01??1??????????????00(23)??130???(01)1???10?0???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? Cacibupteryx caribensis ???0?1?0?0?????????????????????1??01?110100000?10?????002000000?000?00101 01000001000??010?1??????????????00(23)??03????(01)0????000????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? Rhamphorhynchus muensteri 000001?110110110110011101110101120010110100000210?????002000000?000?00 21100000?01000??01011000010001?10?100221030110201??1000101100000000000 10000021100(12)001101060?02001011011011010011(12) Nesodactylus hesperius ????????????011001?0021????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?0000?????010?0002?1102 0?11?1060???00101?01??0???????? Dorygnathus banthensis 011100?01001011011001101111001111?010111100000210?????002000000?100?00 20100000001000??01011100110001?10?100201030110101??00001010?0000000000 100000211003011101020?030010110010110100112 Scaphognathus crassirostris 000000?01000010011001101111000011?010011100000210?????002000000?100?00 201000000??0????01001100010001?10?100200030100001??000000??00000000000 100000211?020011?1020?02001011001?110100112 Sordes pilosus 000010?11000010011001101111000011?010011000000210?????002001000?100?00 20100010?01000??01001100010001?10?100300030100001??00000011?0000000000 10?0002?????0111?1030??(45)0010110010110100112 Darwinopterus modularis 00????01110001101100120111100?011?01001??10000?11112200??001000??00?00 20100010???0?10?01??1100010001?10?100300030101041??000001???10100?00?01 000002?1?020?11??030?04?010?0?01011?100112 Wukongopterus lii ?0????0?110?0?10?100?101121010011?01001??1???0????????0???????????????2??? ????????????01??1100010001?10?100300030101041??00000??0?10?001000010000 02????2?011?103???4?01010?????1?1?0112 Pterorhynchus wellnhoferi 00????011000001?11001?01111000?11?01001??10000??1101100??001000??00?002 5 1100010???0????????0100010001?10?100300030101001??000001?0???00????1010 0?0?????????11?3030??000101??010?1??0??1? Changchengopterus pani ????????????000021101?011??00??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????0??????????????????????????????????????????0?100001???000?0022???0? 0?11??030??400101?00???1?????11 Batrachognathus volans ?0????01110?01?011?0?2?????010101?11000??10001?10?????0??1????0?100?0000 ?00110???0????10101110000201?20?100300030100001??00000??????001??00????0 002010020011?1040????01011?????1???00?? Jeholopterus ningchengensis 00????001001000110000200001000101?11000??10001?10?????0??1????0?100?000 0?001?0???0????101?11100?020??2???00300030100001??00000????10??1100?1000 0002??????011?1040??5001011001?11?1?0010 Anurognathus ammoni 00????0110000100110001000?1010101?11000??10001?10?????0??1???00?100?000 0?00110???00???10101110000201?20?100300030100001??000001???????1?000100 00002??????011?1040??5001011??10?10100010 Dendrorhynchoides curvidentatus ?0????????0??000100002000??000101?11000??????1??0?????0????????????????0?? ?????01?????1010?11000020???0??0030003?100001?????00????10??1??0?1000000 2??????011?1030??5001011?0???1??0?011 Gnathosaurus subulatus 21????0112?????????????????????11?21101??10000?11103100??001000?100?11311 00010?100?110011?1121010001??0?100201130?01201??0000???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? Gnathosaurus macrurus ?????????2??0???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????11??????121010?01?????00???130???10?????0?0?01?22101???????????????? ???????????????????????????????? Plataleorhynchus streptophorodon ?????????2?????????????????????11?211?1??1??????????????????????????????????? ??????0??0????1?????????????0????130???10???00000??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? Huanhepterus quingyangensis ?????????2??00??11?0000????0???11?011???????????1103?0????????????????????? ???????????????110101000???0??00201030101101??00000????22?011000?0???0?2? ???2??1??105?????0?1???????1???0??? Elanodactylus prolatus ????????????0??000?0000110??????????????????????????????????????????????????