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PNABB126.Pdf Aj~ 147 Cover: These children, in the Kalam Valle of Pakistan's n',rthern hills (20)1 m). are helping to sort seed potatoe; that have been stied for six months in uits. Ch' and its t jI.aborators. like the Pakistan- Swiss Development Project, ire Aorking to improve nutrition and farners' income through improved production and storage systeras. itcfllatli)Ial Po~tato) Cciitcr Annual Report 1988 IINTERI N I.I YLV)I'('.) ('ENI'ER Ap)Ltd () 5! (0i, Lilia,I ci 1988 The International Potato Center (CIP) is a nonprofit, autonomous scientific institution established in 1972 b) agreement with the Goiernment of Peru for developing and disseminating knowledge for greater u.jscof the potalo isa basic food in the developing world. CIP is one of 13 nonprofit international research :rnd training centers supported by the Consultative Croup forInternational Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The C(GIAR is sponsored by bieFood aid Agriculture Organiz,tion (FAO) of the United Nations, the United Nations l)evelopment Progranme (UNI)P), and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), and compribes more than 45 countries, international and rcgionlA organizaions, aiid privatefoundations. CIP received funding in 1987. through the CGIAR. from the following donors: the govcrunments o1 Australia, Austria, Belgium, France. Gernany. India. Italy. Japan, Mexico. Nelhcrlands. Norway. People's Republic of China, Philippines. Spain. aid Ss,itc rlind: the Canadian Interntoral l)eclopment Agenc, )('I[)A): the )anish Interialional Dcvclop­ mcit Agency I)ANII)A); the 'uropean Economic Comnmn itv I1FEC) theInter-Armerican Dcvelopment Bank OIDA): the Sedisli Agency for Research Co('peration Nitli l)eseloping Countries (SAREC); 'le U;nited Kingdoni Overseas )esclhipment Adminis­ traio'. (UKODA)"the United States Agcency for International Dvelopinent (USAID): tie ONE-C Fund fo International Desclopment: the United Nations l)evclopment Programme; theWorld Bank (IBRD): and the Consultative Group Secretariat. The 1988 Aniiual Repoi is puablIshed in English and Spanish by the International Potato ('enter (CIP). This report cmers the period from I November 1986 to 31 October 1987. Mlntion of specific products by trade name dioes notirnpl} cnldorsCnut of or discrimination against such products by CIP. Citation: International Potato Center. 1988. Annual Report CIP 1988. L.ima. Peru. 210 p. Printed by the International Potlto Center. Aparlado 5969. .ima, Peru. July 1988. Copies printed: 2919. Contents Foreword 4 Board of Trustees 6 CIP's Move into Sweet Potatoes 8 Summary of Research and Regional Programs 13 Relationship of Agroecological Zones in Peru to CIP's Regions Worldwide 28 RIESEA RC'I ttRt I'StS I Collection, Maintenance, and Utilization of Unexploited Genetic Resources 31 it Production and Distribution of Advanced Breeding Material 45 III Control of Bacte ri~ ala1d FugIII.a Dise ases 59 Iv Control of Virus and Viru,,-like l)iseases 79 \' Integrated Pest Manancment 93 Vt Warm Climate lPotatn il Swcct Potato Production 105 Vll Cool Climate Potato and Sweet Potato Production 11.5 VIII Postharvcst "echnolog. 121 IX Seed Tecinology 133 x Potato and Sweet Potato in Food Systems 149 Human Resource Development " hrough Training 165 List of Ahbrai;.ltions and Acronvms 175 Publication, 1'8 Research and ('onsultancy Contracts and Special Projects 190 Staff 194 Financial Statements 20 1 CGIAR Information 210 .,, Foreword T he strength of the International Potato Center can be measured by the quality and quantity of collaborative bridges established wi:h scientists and institutions in both developed and developing countries within the public and private sectors who wor!. on priority problems of potato and sweet potato improvement in the des ,,1ping world. The collaborative bridges are a major source of hL-p for solving priority prob­ lems and channeling information and material to clients. They also provide feedback, evaluation. alnd constructive criticism ot CIlPs program and help u" to improve our service to developing countries. The hridgcs may be through a collaborative project or research contract, icountry research netwoik, a regional program, or a research planning conference. Until recently. CIP's collaborative bridges were mainly with public-sector institutions responsible for agricultural research, training, and extension. However, ('1P has now established alnumber of ccllaborative bridges with private institutions. Collaboration hv inltItUtio s such its ours with the private sector has been freqlucntlV tqUCStited in lI,.:past. due at times to the exploitation of developing ,:ountrics by multinatiOnal companies. Thus. we have to ensure that collaboration with the private sector is for the genuine good of developing countries. During recent years, al increasing proportion of agricultural research in many countries has been conducted by the private sector. This is particu­ larly true in developed countries where funds are e\en more scarce for agricultural research in national and regional institutions. Furthermore, in the development and use of the new tools of h:Vtcchnology, collabora­ tion between the public and private sectors is essential because of the high costs involved and the complexity of the problems being addressed. In fact, due to the necessity of collaboration ihbiotechnology, a global approach to agricultural research is evolving, which will use the comparative advantages of both the public and private sectors across the developed and developing worlds. This should allow for a more cost-effective approach to agricultural research tihan in the past. fhrough collaborative bridges into the private sector of the developed world, the international agricultural research centers can make sure that the new tools of biotechnology do not bypass the needs of the developing world. We must maintain a window on the developed world's advances in biotechnology in order to best serve our clients across the developing world wherever a practical application can be identified. 4 As we establish collaborative bridges with private sector institutions, our objectives have not changcd neither have our clients. We still work for farmers of the developing world to help them improve potato and sweet potato production. Through collaborative bridges we are also getting the private sector to serve our clients. The public sector idione can no longer face the costs of' the many prolems in food, population, and environment. We must learn how to collaborate with the private sector in a way that is beneficial for both them and 0u' Client,, without exp!oitation. Richard L Sa vyer Director General Board of Trustees Executive Committee DR. JOHN MEAGIIER, Chairperson 3 Kingf;eld Court Burwood, Victoria 3125 Australia Program C )mmittee DR. MAONIwI .) UNlAFtRUS, Chairperson Professor of Plant Breeding Swedish University of Agricultural Science!; Department of Plant Breedi,lg P.O. Box 7003 S-750 (7 Uppsala. Sweden DR. AI.H II.,\N() B:R.,NI)OIHNI Director (icoeral Instituto Aglrononi'o per l'OltreniarL (IA() Via ('occhi 4 Firenze V Italy D. Diw (i.\xpxSIN Deputy Director Crops Research Department PCARRD. Los l3afios Laguna, Philippines DR. DAV\IiD CALLI, Secretar' DR. RI('IIARI L. SAWYER Dean Director General College of Agriculture and Life Sciences International Potato Center Cornell University Apartado 5969 Ithaca, New York 14853 Lima. Peru U.S.A. I)R. LANI)FR PA'ORA DR. Noim)Rl TIAKASI Executive Director 14-7 Atsuhctsu FUNDEAGRO Minami 5 Repubilica de Chile 376 Shiroishi-ku Lima. Peru Sapporo 0)14. Japan D[ K,..\ts RA.E Universidad Nacional Agraria Apartado 45( La Molina Lima. Peru DR. SHEN JINT't Deputy Director Chinese AcadelV of Agricultural Sciences Bai Shi Qiao Ju No. 30 West Suburb of Beijing Beijing. People's Republic of China 7 CIP's Move into Sweet Potatoes S n the future, sweet potato, more ratio of eight times in relation to its than amy other major world food global importance. At the same crop, should have the greatest time, an impact study of the centers potential for much of the world's by the CGIAR Secretariat inferred land and people. Presently. it ranks that tile most successful centers third it value of production and were the commodity centers, in fifth in its contribution of calories to particular those working with only the people of developing countries. a few commodities. As populations increase and more marginally productive land comes into use by farmers with scarce investment resources, his low-input and Sweet Potato crop could become an increasingly Shortly after the early drafts of important worid food resource. the two studies emerged, several More than it LCcade ago. iII nembers of the TAC and several 1972, CIP was incorporated into the major donors to the CGIAR system newly established CGIAIR system asked CI ii sweet potato had ever of agricultural research centers to been considered as being included concentrate specifically on the in the Center's research activities. potato, Solatm tduerostm. At Serious consideration was given by that time, CIP did not attempt to CI1P staff and the Board of Trustees add other tuber and root crops to to adding sweet potato to CIP's its program, even though they were research progran; arid, informal included as part of its mandate. meetings were held with the direc­ Recently, the Technical Advisory tors of the centers already working Committee (TAC) of the Consulta- on this crop. In 1985, CIP's Board tive Group oi International Agricul- of Trustees formally approved the tural Research (CGIAR) produced
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