Promotion for Low Carbon Rural Development Through Efficient Utilization of Local Resources
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PROMOTION FOR LOW CARBON RURAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF LOCAL RESOURCES POR THE REALIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) Ministry of Environment, Green Economy, and climate Change (MEEVCC), Burkina Faso March 2016 Foreword The Ministry of Environment in collaboration with the Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) committed in 2013 for the realization of a "Study on the development of low-carbon methodologies for rural development through the efficient use of local resources.” The purpose of this study was to develop methodologies and techniques using local natural resources to effectively respond to climate change and ensure sustainable rural development. To this end, in 2014 a scientific collaboration was signed with JIRCAS for the execution of this study. For three years, the study proceeded with target actors in the area of intervention by the development of tests, collection and analysis of data, and then a verification of proven methodologies to fight against climate change using effective natural local resources. These activities were carried out with the technical support from the ministry of environment and actors from other involved agencies. The results obtained were then validated by a Scientific and Technical Committee (CST). The CST has significantly contributed to improving the research methodologies on one hand and the quality of the content of this document. The document summarizes the results achieved by the study in the target area and should be an effective vulgarization tool of carbon emission reduction for the creation of carbon sinks and the use of renewable energy. Its usefulness is recognized by the Government of Burkina Faso to serve the actors and communities involved in activities against climate change and sustainable development of regional and local authorities. We then recommend it to the public as a source of additional information to practices for the protection of the environment and sustainable development, while contributing to the development of local natural resources. Dr Lambert Georges OUEDRAOGO Secretary General, Ministry of Environment, Green Economy, and climate Change (MEEVCC) i Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................... i Contents ......................................................................................................................ii Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. iv 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background and Objectives ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Orientation....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Outline of actions ............................................................................................ 3 1.4 Composition and Document Content .............................................................. 4 1.5 Use the Document ........................................................................................... 5 Chapter 1 National Context and objective of NAP in Burkina Faso .................... 6 Chapter 2 To achieve the co-benefit approach ....................................................... 9 2.1 What is the co-benefit approach? ..................................................................... 9 2.2 For the realization of the benefits approach in Burkina Faso .................. 10 Chapter 3 Planning ............................................................................................... 14 3.1 Selection of the target area ............................................................................. 14 3.2 Selection of candidates villages and target villages ...................................... 19 3.3 Recognition of the current situation of the target village ............................. 24 3.4 Development of action plan ............................................................................ 25 3.5 The actions undertaken ................................................................................ 30 3.6 Using the Document ........................................................................................ 31 Chapter 4 Implementation – Improved Cook Stove– .......................................... 33 4.1 Context and Goal ............................................................................................. 33 4.2 Study Organization Chart .............................................................................. 35 4.3 Method of Calculating the Reduction of the CO2 Emission .......................... 37 4.4 Selection of target areas and collection of information on the current situation in the target villages ............................................................................. 43 4.5 Selection of the Introduced FA ....................................................................... 46 4.6 Development of an Action Plan (AP) with the villagers ................................ 50 4.7 Survey on the amount of firewood consumption ............................................ 55 4.8 Attempt of Introducing FA ............................................................................. 62 4.9 Evaluation of the reduction of CO2 emission ................................................. 71 4.10 Survey Method on the follow-up ................................................................... 73 ii Chapter 5 Practical Implementation-Tree planting and agroforestry- .............. 76 5.1 Study background and objectives, etc. ........................................................... 76 5.2 Analysis for the development of the action plan (balance between wishes and feasibility) .............................................................................................................. 79 5.3 Gathering information and testing for the selection of trees varieties to plant 79 5.4 Designation of farmers subject to distribution .............................................. 90 5.5 Tree planting training centered on local varieties on these agricultural plots 92 5.6 Distribution of fruit trees seedlings ............................................................... 97 5.7 Implementation of planting local fruit tree seedlings on farm plots .......... 101 5.8 Monitoring after planting on agricultural land ........................................... 103 5.9 Example of calculating the profitability of activity of trees planting and Agroforestry ......................................................................................................... 107 Chapter 6 Practical implementation - Production of photovoltaic solar energy - 115 6.1 Particularities of the production of photovoltaic solar energy.................... 115 6.2 CO2 emissions reduction by setting up a photovoltaic solar system and the creation of an income generating mechanism ................................................... 117 6.3 Selection of the existing borehole ............................................................... 120 6.4 Design of solar pumping installation ........................................................... 126 6.5 Participatory market gardening for sale in markets in dry season .......... 134 6.6 Economic Evaluation of market gardening activity with solar drip irrigation system on a small scale ....................................................................................... 139 6.7 Reducing CO2 emissions by introducing renewable energy ........................ 151 Acknowledgment ..................................................................................................... 161 List of Editors ......................................................................................................... 162 iii Abbreviations Acronym Offiical designation English name AF Agroforestry Agroforestry AP Action Plan Action Plan APFNL Agence de Promotion des Produits Agency of Promotion of the Forestiers Non Ligneux non-wood forest Product CDM Clean Development Mechanism Clean Development Mechanism CNSF Centre National de Semences Foretière National center of seed forest CNRST Centre National de la Recherche National center of the Scientific Scientifique et Technologique and Technological Research C/P Counterpart Counterpart CVD Comité Villagois de Développement Village development Committee CVP Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis DC Direct Current Direct Current DERED Direction des Energies Renouvelables et Direction of the Renewable de l’Energie Domestique Energies and the Domestic energy DIFOR Direction des Forêts Direction of the Forests DGPV Direction Générale de la Production General direction of the Plant Végétale Production FA Foyer Amélioré Improved oven FAFASO Foyer Amélioré de Burkina FASO Improved oven of Burkina Faso FCFA Frnac Colonies Française d’Afrique Frnac Colonies French of Africa FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the Food and Agriculture United Nations Organization of the United Nations GHG Greenhouse Gas Greenhouse Gas GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale German Corporation for Zusammenarbeit International Cooperation GL Ground Level Ground Level INERA Institut de l'Environnement et de Institute of the environment Recherches Agricoles and Agricultural