Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Eccritotarsini), with the Description of Four New Species and a Closely Related New Genus

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 118(4), 2016, pp. 533–554

REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL PLANT BUG GENUS SINERVUS STAL (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE: BRYOCORINAE: ECCRITOTARSINI), WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF FOUR NEW SPECIES AND A CLOSELY RELATED NEW GENUS

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:59981295-39B7-4B0A-990F-2D90CCC2D929

THOMAS J. HENRY AND SAMUEL Z. HOWARD

(TJH) Systematic Entomology Laboratory,ARS,USDA,c/oP.O.Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013–7012 (e-mail: [email protected]); (SZH) Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013–7012 (current address: 42 Castro St., Apt. 5, San Francisco, CA 94114)

(TJH) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:AE9BFF29-C17E-428E-8181-A5CCCCAC0132 (SZH) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6423AFF8-1B68-4C3B-9D7C-AC15566B6F76

Abstract.—The eccritotarsine plant bug genus Sinervus Stal is revised and the species S. apicalis, n. sp. from Honduras and S. cunealis, n. sp. and S. egeri, n. sp. from Brazil are described, bringing the total species in the genus to 11. Sinervus and the nine previously known species are diagnosed and the three new species are described. The genus Sinervaspartus, n. gen. is described to accommodate Spar- tacus discovittatus Carvalho, new combination (as the type species), Sinervus espartacoides Carvalho and Gomes, new combination, Spartacus venezuelanus Carvalho, new combination, and Sinervaspartus marginalis, n. sp. from Peru. Color dorsal images for all species, male genitalia for the new species, selected SEM micrographs, and keys to help distinguish Sinervus and Sinervaspartus and all in- cluded species are provided. Relationships with the New World genus Spartacus Distant and certain Old World genera are discussed. Key Words: Insecta, Hemiptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae, new genus, new species, new combinations, Neotropics DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.118.4.533

Prior to this study, the eccritotarsine Brazil without a speciﬁc locality. The plant bug genus Sinervus Stal comprised genus remained monotypic until Carvalho nine New World species. Stal (1860) (1945) added three Brazilian species established the genus for the new species S. costaricensis from Minas Gerais, S. baerensprungi Stal described from S. discopiceus from Mato Grosso, and 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

S. hyalipedes from Santa Catarina. Sub- microscope affixed to a Canon EOS 40D sequent descriptions of S. amapaensis digital SLR camera. A Dynalite M2000 Carvalho and Fontes (1967) from Amapa, power pack and Microptics ML1000 light Brazil, S. espartacoides Carvalho and box provided illumination and image Gomes (1970) from Peru, S. sulinus stacks were montaged using Helicon Fo- Carvalho (1985) from Santa Catarina, cus 4.2.1. Color plates were prepared Brazil, S. minezi Carvalho (1990) from using the freeware GNU Image Ma- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and S. rondoniensis nipulation Program (GIMP) and num- Carvalho and Costa (1993) from Rondonia, bered in Adobe Illustrator CS4. Brazil, increased the number of species in Micrographs were taken using a Zeiss the genus to nine. EVO/MA15 scanning electron microscope. While sorting material in the National Specimens were glued to standard SEM Museum of Natural History collection, stubs, sputter coated with a gold-palladium we discovered three new species of Si- alloy, and examined at 6–10 KV. SEM plates nervus, two from Brazil and one from were created in Photoshop CS4 and num- Honduras. In addition, we determined bered in Adobe Illustrator CS4. All color that Spartacus discovittatus Carvalho images and micrographs were taken by the from Brazil, Sinervus espartacoides second author, unless otherwise noted. Carvalho and Gomes, and a new species All specimens examined in this paper from Peru are not congeneric with either are deposited in the USNM ([United States] Sinervus or the closely related genus National Museum of Natural History Insect Spartacus; thus, we establish a new ge- and Mite collection, Washington, D. C.), nus to accommodate them. unless otherwise noted as MNRJ (Museum In this paper, we review the known Nacional, Rio de Janeiro). species of Sinervus, give new records and diagnoses of previously described Sinervus Stal species; diagnoses, descriptions, and il- Type species: Sinervus baerensprungi lustrations of male genitalia of the new Stal, 1860. Monotypic. species; color habitus photos of all spe- Sinervus Stal 1860: 56 (original descrip- cies; SEM micrographs of selected tion); Carvalho 1957: 124 (catalog); structures for Sinervus baerensprungi Odhiambo 1962: 248 (diagnosis); and Spartacus minensis Carvalho; and Schuh 1995: 574 (catalog); Ferreira the ﬁrst key to the species of the genus. and Henry 2011: 25 (diagnosis, key); The new genus Sinervaspartus is de- Schuh 2013: (online catalog). scribed to accommodate Spartacus Diagnosis.—Species of Sinervus are discovitattus, Spartacus venezuelanus, distinguished by a combination of the Sinervus espartacoides, and one new triangular head in anterior view, strongly species. Keys to distinguish Sinervus, stalked eyes, concave vertex (Fig. 25), Spartacus, and Sinervaspartus and the with a long, deep, median suture (Fig. species of Sinervus and the new genus 26), acetabular carinae bordering the are given and relationships with related prosternum, the lateral acetabular su- genera are discussed. tures over the dorsal half of the procoxae (Fig. 29), the large distinct puncture MATERIALS AND METHODS between the calli (Fig. 26), the open Color images were captured using a Vi- forward-facing coxal-trochanteral joint sionary Digital imaging system that in- (Fig. 30), the long tapering cuneus, and cluded an Infinity Optics K2 long-distance the large single cell of the membrane. VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 535

Description.—Lengths of males 3.30– area (Fig. 28): Reduced, oblong, ex- 4.80 mm; females 3.40–4.68 mm. Head tending along lower posterior edge of (Figs. 23–25): Vertex concave with a metapleuron, flush with and terminating long, deep, median suture; eyes strongly at middle of metacoxae; evaporative stalked, anterolaterally and dorsally surface absent or greatly reduced along oriented, spherical, with a dorsal crescent- narrow lower outer edge of auricle. Legs: shaped area lacking ommatidia; anten- Procoxa and trochanter forming distinct niferous tubercles prominent, extending forward-facing semicircular cleft (Fig. anteriorly well beyond level of frons; 30); femora uniformly cylindrical, hind frons not extending anteriorly past eyes; femur longest; tibiae slender, tapered clypeus not extending past frons in lateral basally, slightly flared distally; claws aspect. Labium: Short, extending just with fleshy pseudoarolia, cupped down- beyond posterior margin of procoxae or ward, about three fourths the length of middle of mesosternum. Antenna:Seg- claw (Fig. 32). ment I narrow at base, bulging at center, Male genitalia: Left paramere (Figs. and gradually tapering to apex; segment 37, 40, 43) somewhat L-shaped, sensory II uniformly cylindrical, longer than lobe swollen distally, arm sickle-shaped; segment I; segment III subequal to length right paramere (Figs. 39, 42, 45) shaft of segment II; segment IV longest and simple, elongate, acute or truncate dis- most slender. Pronotum (Figs. 23–24, tally, sometimes with a lateral tubercle; 27): Divided into distinct anterior and endosoma (Figs. 38, 41, 44) simple, posterior lobes, punctate, separated by comprising a single, tubular, apically a weak transverse impression, anterior acute to truncate, C-shaped sclerite en- pronotal lobe narrower than posterior closed in membrane. lobe (disc), calli smooth with a deep Discussion.—In the New World, Si- median puncture between each callus nervus is most closely related to the genus (callosite), posterior lobe strongly con- Spartacus in sharing an elongate body vex, more finely punctate. Mesoscutum form, stalked or semi-stalked eyes, an (Fig. 23): Not visible or only partially elongate cuneus that extends to the apex exposed, covered by anterior margin of of the membrane in nearly all species; the the pronotum. Scutellum: Equilateral, largely hyaline hemelytra, usually with at impunctate, sparsely setose, margins most only a cloud or transverse brown or sometimes shallowly scalloped. Hemely- fuscous bar across the middle of the co- tron: Hyaline, sparsely setose; cuneus rium; and similar male genitalia. long, tapered, extending along edge of The distinctly stalked eyes in most membrane almost to apex; large single species of Sinervus arch upward and cell terminating near apex of cuneus. forward anteriorly beyond the frons and Ventral surface: Prosternum (Fig. 29) the inner margin of each eye is well bordered laterally by inner acetabular lateral of the outer anterior margin of the carinae; acetabulum (Fig. 29) bulging pronotum, whereas in Spartacus, the laterally and covering procoxa, coxal eyes (Figs. 33, 35) are much less dis- cleft distinct; mesosternum convex, tinctly stalked or substylate and expand broadly rounded, with a shallow median laterally but not upward or forward, and groove and sparsely setose; meta- the inner margin of each eye is within the sternum small, convex, and slightly level with the outer anterior margin of rounded; abdomen cylindrical, shiny, the pronotum. Also, Sinervus always has sparsely setose. Ostiolar evaporative a distinct elongate, median suture on the 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON vertex between the eyes, whereas in short median sutures on the vertex and Spartacus (Figs. 33, 35) this suture is well-developed antenniferous tubercles absent. In lateral aspect, the head of Si- as in Sinervus, making their generic po- nervus is much more extended, with the sition more problematic. As a conse- clypeus and first labial segment pro- quence, we are retaining both species in truding well beyond the outer edge of the Sinervus until a more comprehensive buccula, whereas in Spartacus (Fig. 34), overview of Spartacus can be made. it mostly encases the first labial segment Although Sinervus and Spartacus are and extends level with the outer margin superficially similar to the Old World of the clypeus. The hemelytra are similar genera Dioclerus Distant, Harpedona in the two genera and both have an ex- Distant, Mertila Distant, Myiocapsus tremely long cuneus that extends to the Poppius, Prodromus Distant, and Thau- apex of the membrane. In Sinervus, mastomiris Kirkaldy in having stylate or however, the cuneus is usually acutely substylate eyes, all of these taxa differ sharpened and extends past the vein of significantly in the male genital cap- the large areole, whereas in Spartacus, sules, often with accessory tubercles and the apex of the cuneus is usually truncate processes around the aperture, and the and often does not extend past the are- internal genitalia, especially the com- olar vein. Although male genitalia are plex endosoma often with multiple, similar, the left paramere in Sinervus is complex sclerites and spicules on the L-shaped with the arm extending sharply membrane (Stonedahl 1988). One spe- out at an angle from the sensory lobe, cies of the genus Prodromus, P. cunea- whereas in Spartacus it is C-shaped tus, has such distinctly stylate eyes that without angles; the right paramere is Poppius (1911) established the genus similar with an elongate simple shaft; Prodromopsis to accommodate it. Carvalho and the endosoma is tubular, somewhat (1948) re-evaluated Prodromopsis and C-shaped in both, but more slender and considered it congeneric with the New usually apically acute in Sinervus. World genus Sinervus, noting that the We also have determined that Spartacus species were separable only by color discovittatus Carvalho from Brazil, Si- and the male genitalia. Odhiambo (1962), nervus espartacoides Carvalho from Peru, however, in retaining most species Spartacus venezuelanus Carvalho from in Sinervus,returnedP. cuneatus to Venezuela, and a new species from Peru Prodromus.InastudyoftheBryocor- represent a new genus herein described as inae of Papua New Guinea, Carvalho Sinervaspartus (see treatment following (1981) reversed his earlier treatment Sinervus) based on the well-developed, and elevated Prodromopsis from syn- laterally directed or horizontal eye stalks, onymy with Sinervus. Stonedahl (1988) the more broadly round hemelytra, the disagreed with Carvalho’s elevation of short, indistinct, median suture on the Prodromopsis, which he considered vertex, and the recurved, more complex a junior synonym of Prodromus.We apex of the endosoma. agree and follow Stonedahl’s (1988) In addition, Sinervus amapaensis interpretation, including the return to Carvalho and Fontes and S. rondoniensis Prodromus of all Old World species have a head structure (i.e., shorter, hor- previously place in Sinervus. izontal eye stalks and straight vertex) Host associations.—Almost nothing somewhat intermediate between Spar- is known of these unusual, stalk-eyed tacus and Sinervus. Both, however, have plant bugs. All species apparently live on VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 537 the undersides of large aroid leaves, Key to the Species of Sinervus particularly species of Heliconia [Heli- 1. Head and pronotum whitish to pale yel- coniaceae]. Sinervus baerensprungi has lowish brown...... 2 been recorded from Heliconia psittaco- – Head and pronotum all or in part brown, rum L. (Carvalho 1945); the type series fuscous, or black, pale areas often tinged of S. amapaensis is from Heliconia sp. with red ...... 4 (Carvalho and Fontes 1967); and Sparta- 2. Hemelytra with apical third of clavus cus discovittatus has been recorded from and a posteriorly curved horizontal corial Costus spiralis Roscoe [Costaceae] and bar on either side of middle brown (Fig. H. psittacorum L. (Carvalho 1945). The 16) ...... sulinus Carvalho senior author has collected S. baeren- – Hemelytra without dark markings...... 3 sprungi, S. hyalipedes,andS. minezi in 3. Antennal segment II and III red apically numbers from the undersides of Areaceae (Figs. 2, 3); segment II with length of leaves, probably Heliconia spp. Although erect setae about two times diameter of the bugs are extremely quick, they seldom leave their host and are best collected by segment ...... apicalis,n.sp. tapping leaves of their hosts over a beat- – Antennal segment II and III not red api- ing net and quickly aspirating them. cally, segment II weakly infuscated apically (Fig. 5); segment II with length of Key the genera of the Sinervus- recumbent setae subequal to diameter Spartacus complex of segment ...... costalimai Carvalho 1. Eyes substylate (Fig. 33), inner 4. Head and pronotum uniformly fuscous to margin of each eye not extending black...... 5 laterally beyond anterior margin of – Head and/or pronotum in part pale or red- pronotum; vertex without a median dish...... 6 suture; dorsum uniformly pale yel- 5. Antennal segment I uniformly fuscous lowish to greenish white in most species or black (Fig. 4) ...... baerensprungi Stal ...... Spartacus Distant – Antennal segment I uniformly pale (Figs. – Eyes stylate, inner margin of each eye ex- 13, 14)...... minezi Carvalho tending laterally to or beyond anterior 6. Pronotal collar and scutellum red ...... 7 margin pronotum; vertex (Fig. 27) with – Pronotal collar and scutellum at least in part a distinct median suture; dorsum some- fuscous or black...... 8 times pale yellowish to greenish white but 7. Inner basal half of clavus, a bar on in- usually marked with brown or fuscous....2 side middle margin of corium, and co- 2. Eye stalks (Fig. 25) angled upward and rial apex bordering membrane fuscous forward, forming a distinctly concave (Fig. 1)...... or almost V-shaped vertex; vertex with ...... amapaensis Carvalho and Fontes a long, deep median suture; endosoma – Narrow inner margin of clavus fuscous, an tubular, with apex blunt or acute (Figs. indistinct cloud at middle of corium brown, 38, 41, 44)...... Sinervus Distant and corial apex bordering membrane pale – Eye stalks (Figs. 17, 18, 20 not angled (Fig. 15) .....rondoniensis Carvalho and Costa upward and forward, extending later- 8. Pronotal disc uniformly fuscous or ally from head; vertex relatively flat black...... 9 and with only a short, indistinct me- – Pronotal disc pale yellowish brown later- dian suture; endosoma tubular, with ally ...... 10 a complex apical apparatus (Figs. 47, 9. Antennal segment I mostly fuscous; femora 50)...... Sinervaspartus,n.gen. uniformly pale; corium with a distinct 538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

fuscous patch on either side of middle Specimens examined.—2 paratype (Figs. 9, 10)...... egeri,n.sp. ♂♂, 2 paratype ♀♀ [+ one with ab- – Antennal segment I pale; femora red tinged domen missing], Serra do Novo, AP, on apical one third; corium with only Brazil, 8–7–1961, J. & B. Bechyne. a small, indistinct cloud on either side of middle (Fig. 8) ...... discopiceus Carvalho Sinervus apicalis Henry and Howard, 10. Head and antennae uniformly pale yel- new species low; cuneus short and broad (Figs. 6, 7) (Figs. 2, 3, 37–39) ...... cunealis,n.sp. Head usually with vertex infuscated; an- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2E77EDBA- tennal segments II–IV fuscous; cuneus 1C07-4BC7-91CA-FC95D6B9AB43 long and slender (Figs. 11, 12)...... Diagnosis.—This species is distin- ...... hyalipedes Carvalho guished by the overall pale or whitish coloration and hyaline wings; the red apices of antennal segments II and III; Sinervus amapaensis Carvalho and the relatively long, nearly erect setae and Fontes on antennal segments I and II that are (Fig. 1) about two times the diameter of the re- Sinervus amapaensis Carvalho and Fontes spective segments. 1967: 316 (original description); Sinervus apicalis is most similar to S. Carvalho and Froeschner 1987: 211 costalimai Carvalho in the overall pale (type data, depository); Schuh 1995: coloration and hyaline hemelytra. The 574 (catalog), 2013 (on-line catalog). latter species, however, readily differs Diagnosis.—This species is distin- from S. apicalis in lacking red on an- guished by the red-tinged head; the red pronotal collar and scutellum; the fuscous tennal segments II or III and having pronotal disc, base and inner margin of the a nearly glabrous antennal segment I and clavus, transverse bar at the middle of the shorter setae on antennal segment II that corium; and the infuscated basal area of are subequal in length to the diameter of the cuneus. Lengths of specimens exam- the segment. = ined from head to apex of membrane: Description.—Male (n 4, including males (n = 2) 4.24–4.48 mm; females (n = holotype; holotype measurements in 2) 4.60–4.64 mm. parentheses): Length from head to apex Sinervus amapaensis is similar to S. of membrane 3.80–4.08 mm (4.08 mm) hyalipedes Carvalho in general markings. (n = 3); length from vertex to apex of Sinervus hyalipedes, however, lacks the cuneus length 2.60–2.80 mm (2.80 mm); red areas on the head, pronotal collar, and width 1.04–1.22 mm (1.22 mm). Head: scutellum. This species also is similar to S. Length 0.22–0.24 mm (0.22 mm); width rondoniensis in having reddish areas, but 0.84–0.88 mm (0.88 mm); interocular the fuscous areas of the latter are much width 0.56 mm (0.60 mm). Labium: less distinct, including only a narrow fus- Length 0.56–0.62 mm (0.56 mm). An- cous line on the inner margin of the clavus, tenna: Segment I, length 0.52–0.58 mm a vague brownish cloud on the middle of (0.58 mm); II, 0.82–0.92 mm (0.92 mm); the corium, and the absence of an in- III, 0.70–0.86 mm (0.80 mm); IV, 0.99– fuscated area at the base of the cuneus. 1.22 mm (1.22 mm). Pronotum: Length Distribution.—Described and known 0.62–0.72 mm (0.72 mm); basal width only from the state of Amapa, Brazil. 0.86–0.88 mm (0.88 mm). VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 539

Figs. 1–12. Dorsal habitus images of Sinervus spp. 1, S. amapaensis, adult ♀.2,S. apicalis, n. sp., holotype ♂.3,S. apicalis, n. sp., paratype ♀.4,S. baerensprungi, adult ♂.5,S. costalimai, adult ♂.6, S. cunealis, n. sp., holotype ♂.7,S. cunealis, n. sp., paratype ♀.8,S. discopiceus, holotype ♀.9,S. egeri, n. sp., holotype ♂. 10, S. egeri, n. sp., paratype ♀. 11, S. hyalipedes, ♂. 12, S. hyalipedes, ♀.

Coloration: Head: Pale; eyes red. to red. Pronotum: Uniformly pale. Scu- Antenna: Segment I pale; segment II tellum: Uniformly pale. Hemelytron: pale, red on distal fourth; segment III Pale, clavus and corium hyaline; embo- pale, red on distal third; segment IV pale lium and cuneus hyaline to opaque 540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 13–20. 13–16. Dorsal habitus images of Sinervus spp. 13, S. minezi, ♀. 14, S. minezi, ♀, lateral aspect. 15, S. rondoniensis, ♀ 16, S. sulinus, holotype ♂. 17–20. Dorsal habitus images of Sinervaspartus spp. 17, S. discovitattus, ♂. 18, S. discovittatus, ♀. 19, S. espartacoides, holotype ♂. 20, S. marginalis,n. sp., holotype ♂. white; membrane hyaline. Ventral sur- and disc punctate, with single, large, me- face: Pale, metasternum usually pale dian puncture between calli; nearly gla- orange. Ostiolar evaporative area: Pale. brous with only a few scattered short setae. Legs: Uniformly pale. Scutellum: Impunctate, equilateral. Hem- Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: elytron: Impunctate, hyaline, with short, Eyes strongly stalked, extending anteriorly scattered, semierect, setae. Legs:Femora past the antenniferous tubercles; vertex and tibiae with long erect setae equal to or with a deep median suture; eye stalks with greater than diameter of segments. Ventral simple erect setae anteriorly and laterally. surface with relatively long, scattered, Labium: Extending slightly beyond pro- erect setae. coxae. Antenna: Segment I with long erect Genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 37); en- setae about 1.5 times diameter of segment; dosoma (Fig. 38); right paramere (Fig. 39). erect setae on segment II nearly two times Female: (n = 1): Length from head to diameter of segment. Pronotum:Collar apex of membrane 4.04 mm; length from VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 541 head to apex of base of cuneus 2.80 mm; and first antennal segment; the largely width 1.32 mm. Head: Length 0.24 mm; infuscated femora; and the hemelytra with width 0.88 mm; interocular width adarkbarthroughthemiddleoftheco- 0.56 mm. Labium: Length 0.60 mm. An- rium. Lengths of specimens examined from tenna: Segment I, length 0.60 mm; II, head to apex of membrane: males (n = 5) 0.86 mm; III, 0.78 mm; IV, 0.76 mm. 3.44–3.96 mm; females (n = 10) 3.40– Pronotum: Length 0.68 mm; basal width 4.04 mm. 0.88 mm. Sinervus baerensprungi is most similar to Similar to the male in color, structure, S. minezi Carvalho in having a black head, texture, and vestiture, differing mainly in pronotum, and scutellum, but differs pri- the infuscated distal half of antennal marily in having pale antennae and femora. segment I and basal half of segment II Host.—Taken on Heliconia psittacorum (also with distal one fourth red as in males). L. [Heliconiaceae] (Carvalho 1945). Also, Etymology.—The specific epithet specimens were taken on the undersides of “apicalis” refers to the red apical mark- aroid leaves (probably Heliconia sp.). ings of antennal segment II. Distribution.—Sinervus baerensprungi Host.—The types series of S. apicalis was described from Brazil without a spe- was taken on Heliconia sp. [Heli- cific locality given. Carvalho (1945) re- coniaceae]. Another specimen was inter- corded it from Minas Gerais; we have cepted in commerce on a Musa (banana) examined specimens from Minas Gerais leaf, undoubtedly an incidental occurrence. and Parana, Brazil. Distribution.—Known from Olancho, Note.—A photograph of the holotype Honduras; also intercepted in commerce of S. baerensprungi is available on the at Chicago, Illinois, from an unspecified Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Swedish locality in Mexico. Museum of Natural History) website: Type material.—Holotype ♂,Hon- https://www.dina-web.net/naturarv. duras, Olancho, Galeras, 22 Jan. 1988, R. Specimens examined.—3 ♀♀, Brazil, Cave coll., feeding on foliage of Heli- Minas Gerais, Viçosa, 6–1944, J. C. M. conia sp. Paratypes: 3 ♂♂,1♀,same Carvalho; 3 ♀♀, Brazil, Minas Gerais, data as for holotype. Viçosa, 1947, J. C. M. Carvalho; 1 ♀, Other specimen examined.—1 ♂,in- Brazil, Minas Gerais, Carmo R. Claro, tercepted at Chicago, Illinois, from Mexico, 1947, J. C. M. Carvalho; 1 ♂,5♀♀ (on 17 Nov. 2014, with Musa sp. one card), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Carmo R. Claro, 1958, Carvalho & Becker; ♂♂ ♀♀ Sinervus baerensprungi Stal 3 ,10 , Brazil, Minas Gerais, Arraponga, Reservo da Serra do Brigade- (Figs. 4, 21–32) ira, 4–5 Mar. 1993, T. J. Henry & P. S. Sinervus baerensprungi Stal 1860: 56 Fiuza Ferreira, on undersurface of aroid (original description); Carvalho 1945: leaves; 10 ♂♂,13♀♀, Brazil, Parana, nr. 36 (description, host, distribution), Montes, east of Curitiba, 25 Nov. 1985, T. 1957: 124 (catalog); Schuh 1995: 574 J. Henry, under leaves of aroid. (catalog); Ferreira and Henry 2011: 25 Sinervus costalimai Carvalho (diagnosis, host); Schuh 2013 (on-line (Fig. 5) catalog); Namyatova et al. 2015: 8, 9, 20, 21, 31 (morphology, relationships). Sinervus costalimai Carvalho 1945: Diagnosis.—This species is recognized 39 (original description), 1948: 191 by the black head, pronotum, scutellum, (note), 1957: 124 (catalog); Odhiambo 542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 21–28. Scanning electron micrographs of Sinervus baerensprungi. 21, dorsal aspect. 22, lateral aspect. 23, head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. 24, head and pronotum, lateral aspect. 25, head, frontal aspect. 26, vertex, showing median groove. 27, pronotum, showing single deep puncture between calli. 28, ostiolar evaporative area auricle. VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 543

Figs. 29–36. Scanning electron micrographs of Sinervus baerensprungi and Spartacus minensis. 29– 32. Sinervus baerensprungi. 29, prosternum, coxa, and acetabulum. 30, procoxa and trochanter. 31, genital capsule and parameres. 32, pretarsal claw. 33–36. Spartacus minensis. 33, head and pronotum, dorsal aspect. 34, head and pronotum, lateral aspect. 35, head, frontal aspect. 36, ostiolar evaporative area and auricle. 544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

1962 248 (note); Carvalho and inner margin of the clavus, a transverse Froeschner 1987: 211 (type data, de- fuscous spot on the inner middle margin pository); Schuh 1995: 574 (catalog); of the corium, and the relatively short Ferreira and Henry 2011: 25 (diag- and basally broad cuneus (Figs. 6, 7). nosis); Schuh 2013 (on-line catalog). Sinervus cunealis is most similar to S. Diagnosis.—This species is distin- hyalipedes Carvalho in overall appear- guished by the overall pale dorsum, an- ance, but differs in having a uniformly tennae, and legs, with only antennal pale head, antennae, and legs, whereas in segment II sometimes becoming weakly S. hyalipedes the head, most of the an- infuscated; the nearly glabrous antennal tennal segments (segment II is always segment I, and antennal segment II with fuscous), and the hind tibiae are usually relatively short, semierect setae with fuscous. In addition, the base of the a length subequal to the diameter of the clavus in S. hyalipedes is fuscous and the segment. Lengths of specimens exam- cuneus (Figs. 11, 12) is long and narrow, ined from head to apex of membrane: whereas in S. cunealis, the clavus is pale males (n = 5) 4.40–4.68 mm; females and the cuneus (Figs. 6, 7) is short and (n = 5) 4.32–4.68 mm. broad. Sinervus costalimai is most similar to Description.—Male (n = 3, including S. apicalis in the overall pale coloration. holotype; holotype measurements in The latter can be separated from S. cos- parentheses): Length from head to apex talimai by the apically red antennal of membrane length 3.96–4.12 mm (4.04 segments II and III, and the long, erect mm); length from head to base of cuneus setae on antennal segments I and II that 3.00–3.08 mm (3.00 mm), width 1.12– are subequal to or longer than the di- 1.15 mm (1.12 mm). Head: Length ameter of the respective segments. 0.30– 0.32 mm (0.30 mm); width across Host.—Unknown. eyes 0.86–0.88 mm (0.86 mm); inter- Distribution.—This species was de- ocular width 0.54–0.56 mm (0.56 mm). scribed from and is known only from Labium: Length 0.84–0.94 mm (0.94 Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro mm). Antenna: Segment I, length 0.72– (Carvalho 1945). 0.77 mm (0.72 mm); II, 1.02–1.09 mm Specimens examined.—1 ♀,Brazil, (1.02 mm); III, strongly curled, ca 0.84– Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado, 12–8–45 [year 0.90 mm (0.86 mm) [n = 4]; IV, strongly uncertain], Wygodzinsky, “compared with curled, ca 1.28–1.36 mm (ca 1.28 mm) tipo”; 3 ♂♂, Brazil, Rio D. F., 26–3–44 [n = 2]. Pronotum: Length 0.83–0.88 mm [year uncertain], Wygod[zinsky], “com- (0.83 mm); basal width 0.94–0.96 mm pared with tipo”; 4 ♂♂,6♀♀, Brazil, Rio (0.94 mm). de Janeiro, Tijuca, 30/4/57, J. Becker. Coloration: Head: Pale yellow, eyes fuscous. Antennae: Segment I pale yel- Sinervus cunealis Henry and Howard, low; segment II pale yellow, distal half new species sometimes lightly infuscated; segments (Figs. 6, 7, 40–42) III and IV lightly infuscated. Pronotum: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F7AB31F7- Collar fuscous; transverse band along AEA0-4895-90F8-730E06960D21 calli pale yellow; disc fuscous with pale Diagnosis.—This species is distin- yellow lateral margins. Scutellum: Fus- guished by the pale head and antennae, cous. Hemelytron: Hyaline, clavus with the fuscous pronotum with a pale trans- fuscous margin along scutellar-claval verse band across the calli, the fuscous commissure; incomplete transverse band VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 545

Figs. 37–45. 37–38. Male genitalia of Sinervus spp. 37–39. S. apicalis, n. sp. 37, left paramere. 38, endosoma. 39, right paramere. 40–42. S. cunealis, n. sp.: 40, left paramere. 41, endosoma. 42, right paramere. 43–45. S. egeri, n. sp. 43, left paramere. 44, endosoma. 45, right paramere. 546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON across corium fuscous; cuneus fuscous ba- Distribution.—Known only from Parna sally and along outer margin; membrane Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. hyaline, lightly fuscous basally. Ventral Type material. Holotype ♂ [left specimen surface: Uniformly pale yellow. Ostiolar of three on card]: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro: evaporative area: Pale yellow. Legs:Uni- Parna Itatiaia, January 1978, Carvalho & formly pale yellow. Schaffner. Paratypes: 1 ♀ (middle specimen Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: of three), 1 ♂ (right specimen of three): Impunctate, shiny, with a few long setae Same card and data as for holotype; 4 ♂♂, laterally; vertex with a deep median su- 11 ♀♀ on four cards, same data as for ho- ture. Labium: Extending just past middle lotype (USNM). of mesosternum. Pronotum:Shiny,gla- Sinervus discopiceus Carvalho brous, pronotal collar and disc punctate, (Fig. 8) with a large median puncture between calli. Scutellum: Shiny, glabrous, im- Sinervus discopiceus Carvalho 1945: 37 punctate. Hemelytron: Shiny, impunctate, (original description), 1957: 124 (cat- glabrous. Antennae:SegmentIwithafew alog); Odhiambo 1962: 248 (note); short, semierect, setae; segment II with Carvalho and Froeschner 1987: 211 more dense, semierect setae subequal to or (type data, depository); Schuh 1995: shorter than segment. Scutellum:Sparsely 574 (catalog), 2013 (on-line catalog). setose, with short recumbent setae. Ventral Diagnosis.—This species is distin- surface with a few long, scattered setae on guished by the yellowish- to reddish- abdomen. Legs: Femora and tibiae with orange tinged head; the black collar and only a few, recumbent setae much shorter pronotal disc; the hyaline hemelytra with than respective segments. the costal margin, inner margin of the Male genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. clavus, and apex of the corium dark brown; 40); endosoma (Fig. 41); right paramere and the reddish apical thirds of the femora (Fig. 42). (Carvalho 1945). Length of holotype fe- Female: (n = 5): Length from head to male from head to apex of membrane apex of membrane 4.08–4.24 mm; length 3.90 mm (Carvalho 1945). of head to base of cuneus 3.00–3.12 mm, Host.—Unknown. width 1.12–1.15 mm. Head: Length Distribution.—Described and known 0.32–0.35 mm; width 0.88–0.91 mm; in- only from Mato Grosso, Brazil (Carvalho terocular width 0.56–0.59 mm. Labium: 1945). Length 0.96–1.01 (obscured by glue on card Specimens examined.—None exam- for most specimens). Antenna:Segment ined. Photograph of the holotype female I, length 0.70–0.72 mm; II, 0.99–1.04; kindly provided by Luiz Costa and Gabriel III, 0.80–0.90 mm; IV, 1.20–1.23 mm. Mejdalani (MNRJ). Pronotum: Length 0.86–0.90 mm; basal width 1.01–1.02 mm. Sinervus egeri Henry and Similar to the male in color, structure, Howard, n. sp. texture, and vestiture. (Figs. 9, 10, 43–45) Etymology.—The specific epithet “cunealis” denotes the shorter, broader urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBD37860- cuneus of this species compared with the 3CEB-43BF-BF3F-2237CE314D30 more elongate cuneus found in other Diagnosis.—Sinervus egeri is distin- species of the genus. guished by the largely brown head, with Host.—Unknown. the eye stalks tinged with red; the brown VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 547 to fuscous antennae, with segment I paler vertex deeply concave or V-shaped, at the base; the pale anterior lobe of the with a deep median suture and a few pronotum, with only the collar fuscous, setaeonfronsandsidesbeloweyes. the uniformly fuscous posterior lobe; and Labium: Extending to middle of meso- the hyaline hemelytra, with a distinct, sternum. Antenna: Segment I nearly dark brown mark on the inner side at the glabrous, with only a few short, re- middle of each corium (Figs. 9, 10). cumbent setae; segment II with numerous Description.—Male (n = 2; holotype recumbent setae subequal to or less than measurements in parentheses): Length diameter of segment. Pronotum:Collar from head to apex of membrane length and disc deeply punctate; anterior lobe 3.71–3.84 mm (3.71 mm); length from shiny, impunctate, except for large me- head to base of cuneus length 2.69– dian puncture between calli, glabrous. 2.72 mm (2.72 mm), width 1.15–1.17 mm Scutellum: Equilateral, impunctate. (1.17 mm). Head: Length 0.29–0.30 mm Hemelytron: Impunctate, hyaline, gla- (0.30 mm); width across eyes 0.78– brous. Legs: Femora and tibiae with nu- 0.80 mm (0.78 mm); interocular width merous short, recumbent setae shorter than 0.53–0.56 mm (0.56 mm). Labium: diameters of respective segments. Ventral Length 0.78–0.88 mm (0.88 mm). An- surface: Abdomen with a few short, scat- tenna: Segment I, length 0.75–0.77 mm tered setae; thorax nearly glabrous. (0.77 mm); II, 1.10–1.12 mm (1.10 mm); Genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 43); III, strongly curled; IV, strongly curled endosoma (Fig. 44); right paramere (1.02 mm). Pronotum: Length 0.75– (Fig. 45). 0.77 mm (0.77 mm); basal width 0.82– Female (n = 2): Length from head to 0.86 mm (0.86 mm). apex of membrane 3.76–3.92 mm; Color: Head: Brown, with antennif- length of head to base of cuneus 2.72– erous tubercles paler, eye stalks tinged 2.76 mm, width 1.18–1.22 mm. Head: with red; vertex with a long, deep, me- Length 0.30–0.32 mm; width 0.78– dium suture. Labium: pale, with apex of 0.80 mm; interocular width 0.54 mm. segment IV brown. Antenna: Segment I Labium: Length 0.80–0.83 mm, extend- brown, except for pale basal sixth; seg- ing to middle of mesosternum. Antenna: ments II–IV uniformly dark brown to Segment I, length 0.70–0.77 mm; II, fuscous. Pronotum: Anterior lobe pale, 1.04–1.10 mm; III, strongly curled; IV, collar fuscous; posterior lobe uniformly strongly curled. Pronotum: Length 0.78– shiny fuscous. Scutellum: Fuscous. Hem- 0.80 mm; basal width 0.85–0.91 mm. elytron: Hyaline; clavus, narrowly fuscous Similar to male in color, texture, and at base, along inner margin and apex; pubescence. costal margin, paracuneus, and a rela- Etymology.—This new species is named tively large, round, fuscous mark on ei- in honor of our friend, colleague, and ther side of the corium at the middle collector of the types series, Dr. Joseph brown. Ventral surface: Abdomen pale, E. Eger, a specialist in the family Scu- tinged with brown; thorax largely dark telleridae and other Pentatomoidea. brown, with mesosternum more yellow- Host.—Unknown. ish. Legs: Uniformly pale, with last tar- Distribution.—Known only from somere and claws dark brown. Rondonia, Brazil. Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: Type material.—Holotype ♂, Brazil, Eyes strongly stalked, extending anteri- Rondonia, 62 km SWAriquemes, nr Fzda. orly past the antenniferous tubercles; Rancho Grande, 30–III–10–IV 1992, J. E. 548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Eger coll. (MNRJ). Paratypes: 1 ♂,2♀♀, 4–5 March 1993, T. J. Henry and P. S. F. same data as for holotype (USNM). Ferreira,takenonundersurfaceoflarge aroid leaf; 5 ♂♂,3♀♀,Para, Carajas, I– Sinervus hyalipedes Carvalho, 86,J.C.Carvalho;2♂♂,2♀♀,Brazil, (Figs. 11, 12) Para, S Carajas, II–88, J. C. M. Carvalho. Sinervus hyalipedes Carvalho 1945: 38 Sinervus minezi Carvalho (original description), 1948: 191 (Figs. 13, 14) (note), 1957: 124 (catalog); Odhiambo 1962: 248 (note); Carvalho and Sinervus minezi Carvalho 1990: 399 Afonso 1977: 8 (list); Carvalho and (original description); Schuh 1995: 575 Froeschner 1987: 211 (type data, de- (catalog), 2013 (on-line catalog). pository); Schuh 1995: 574 (catalog); Diagnosis.—This species is distin- Ferreira and Henry 2011: 25 (diag- guished by the uniformly black head, nosis); Schuh 2013 (on-line catalog). pronotum, and scutellum; the fuscous bar Diagnosis.—This species is distin- through the middle of the corium; and the guished by the yellowish-brown head, of- pale antennae and legs. It shares with ten with the frons and vertex infuscated, S. baerensprungi the black head, prono- the fuscous antennal segments II–IV, tum, and scutellum and the dark bar on the the fuscous pronotum with pale trans- corium, but differs from the latter in having verse band across the calli, the fuscous uniformly pale antennae and legs (versus base and inner margin of the clavus, dark femora and ﬁrst antennal segments). a transverse fuscous spot near the inner Lengths of specimens examined from head middle margin of the corium, and the to apex of membrane: males (n = 5) 3.68– relatively long, slender cuneus (Figs. 3.88 mm; females (n = 5) 3.76–4.24 mm. 11, 12). Lengths of specimens exam- Host.—Unknown. ined from head to apex of membrane: Distribution.—Described and known males (n = 5) 4.36–4.80 mm; females only from the Tijuca Forest, Rio de (n = 5) 3.92–4.32 mm. Janeiro, Brazil. Sinervus hyalipedes is most similar to Specimens examined.—15 ♂♂,7♀♀, S. cunealis in overall appearance, but the Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Alto da Boa Vista latter differs in having the head, anten- Parque Nacional, Tijuca, 28–31 Oct. 1985, nae, and, often, the hind tibiae pale T. J. Henry. brown and the cuneus is shorter and broader (Figs. 6, 7). Sinervus rondoniensis Carvalho Host.—Unknown. and Costa Distribution.—Described from Minas (Fig. 15) Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (Carvalho 1945) Sinervus rondoniensis Carvalho and and later reported from Santa Catarina Costa 1993: 814 (original description); (Carvalho and Afonso 1977). New Bra- Schuh 2013 (on-line catalog). zilian state records are Espırito Santos and Diagnosis.—S. rondoniensis is recog- Para. nized by the red-tinged head, red collar Specimens examined.—1 ♂,2♀♀, and scutellum, and indistinctly brown Brazil, Espırito Santos, Linhares, IX– pronotal disc and cloud at the inner middle 1972, Roppa & Alvarenga; 2 ♂♂,Brazil, margin of the corium. Length of holotype Minas Gerais, Vic¸osa, 1945, J. C. M. female from head to apex of membrane Carvalho; 1 ♂, Brazil, Minas Gerais, 4.60 mm (Carvalho and Costa 1993); Araponga Reserva da Serra do Brigadeiro, length of examined female 4.68 mm. VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 549

It is most similar to S. amapaensis in Type species: Spartacus discovittatus having a red-tinged head and red collar Carvalho, 1945, here designated. and scutellum, but differs in having a paler Diagnosis.—This genus is recognized pronotal disc, a more narrowly fuscous by the relatively broad hemelytra (Figs. inner margin of the clavus, and a vague 17, 18, 20), the laterally extended eye brown cloud at the inner middle margin of stalks, the short indistinct median suture the corium, whereas in S. amapaensis the on the frons, the pale collar, the punctate pronotal disc, the inner basal half of the scutellum, the recurved relatively com- clavus, and a bar at the middle and apex of plex apical apparatus of the endosoma the corium are fuscous. (Figs. 47, 50), and uniquely shaped Host.—Unknown. parameres, including the C-shaped left Distribution.—Described and known paramere (Figs. 46, 49). only from Rondonia, Brazil. Description.—Lengths of males from Specimens examined.—1 ♀, Brazil, head to apex of membrane 3.44– Rondonia, 62 km SW Ariquemes, nr. 4.00 mm; females 3.48–3.84 mm. Head: Fzda. Rancho Grande, 30–III–10–IV– Vertex flat to weakly convex, with a 1992, J. E. Eger. short median suture (shorter than diameter of antennal segment I); eyes Sinervus sulinus Carvalho stalked, expanded laterally, eye elon- (Fig. 16) gate oval, posterior margin extending Sinervus sulinus Carvalho 1985: 284 slightly beyond stalk base, dorsally with (original description), Carvalho and a crescent-shaped area lacking omma- Froeschner 1987: 211 (type data, tidia; antenniferous tubercles relatively depository), Schuh 1995: 575 (cata- short, not extending anteriorly beyond log), 2013 (on-line catalog). level of frons; frons extending slightly Diagnosis.—This species is distingui- beyond eyes in dorsal aspect; clypeus shed from all other species by the pale not extending past frons in lateral aspect. head and pronotum and the fuscous Labium: Short, extending only to middle antennae, apex of the clavus, and the of mesosternum. Antenna: Segment I distinct bar on the inside middle of co- narrow at base, bulging at middle, and rium, based on Carvalho’s (1985) figure slightly tapering to apex, shorter than and description and a photograph of the width of vertex; segment II shorter than holotype. Length of holotype male from to subequal to segment III; segment IV head to apex of membrane 4.40 mm variable, subequal to segment II or III, (Carvalho 1985). segment III and IV slender. Pronotum: Host.—Unknown. Divided into anterior and posterior lobes, Distribution.—Known only from the punctate, separated by a weak transverse holotype male taken in Santa Catarina, impression; anterior lobe much more Brazil. narrow than posterior lobe, calli im- Specimens examined.—None. Photo- punctate, with a large deep puncture at graph of the holotype kindly furnished by middle, collar distinctly punctate; pos- Luiz Costa and Gabriel Mejdalani (MNRJ). terior lobe (disc), punctate, strongly convex, more depressed at posterior angles. Sinervaspartus Henry and Howard, Mesoscutum: Hidden by base on prono- new genus tum. Scutellum: Equilateral, finely but urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:14B3F5CE- distinctly punctate. Hemelytron: Hya- 5B89-41F3-BEAD-2AAF81593AC5 line, broadly rounded, sparsely setose to 550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Figs. 46–51. Male genitalia of Sinervaspartus spp. 46–47. S. discovittatus: 47, left paramere. 46, endosoma. 48, right paramere. 49–51. S. marginalis, n. sp. 49, left paramere. 50, endosoma. 51, right paramere. nearly glabrous; cuneus long, tapered, Procoxa and trochanter forming a distinct extending to apex of membrane slightly forward-facing semicircular cleft (similar beyond vein of areole, apex pointed. to Sinervus); femora uniformly cylindri- Ventral surface: Prosternum laterally cal, hind femora longest; tibiae slender, bordered by inner acetabular carinae; tapered basally, slightly enlarging and acetabulum bulging laterally, broadly ﬂared distally. covering procoxae, coxal cleft distinct; Male genitalia: Left paramere (Figs. mesosternum convex, broadly rounded, 46, 49) broadly arching, C-shaped, sen- with shallow median groove and relatively sory lobe weakly swollen above base; long setae on either side; metasternum right paramere variable, from broader, convex, round; abdomen cylindrical, shiny, apically round, with a curved dorsal tu- sparsely setose. Ostiolar evaporative area: bercle (Fig. 48) to slender and distally Reduced, oblong, extending along lower curved (Fig. 51); endosoma (Figs. 47, 50) posterior edge of metapleuron, evapora- stout, tube enlarging toward apex, with tive surface absent or greatly reduced one or more recurved hooks, often with along narrow outer edges of auricle. Legs: a tight ﬁeld of spicules. VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 551

Etymology.—The name of this new 3. Area across calli fuscous; scutellum uni- genus, Sinervaspartus, a combination of formly brown; costal margin and inner the generic name Sinervus and a modifi- margin of corium bordering fuscous area cation of Spartacus, denotes the appar- of clavus to base of cuneus dark brown ent relationship of these interesting (Fig. 20) ...... marginalis, n. sp. stalk-eyed mirids. – Area across calli pale; scutellum pale, Discussion.—Sinervaspartus is most with median line brown; costal margin similar to Sinervus in having the distinctly pale, narrow inner margin near apex of stalked eyes and a distinct median groove clavus and a broad lunate mark across or suture on the vertex. This new genus apical third of corium brown ...... differs from Sinervus in having the eye ...... venezuelanus Carvalho stalks horizontal, extending laterally, rather the upward and forward, the vertex is flat or Sinervaspartus discovittatus slightly convex rather than concave or V- (Carvalho), new combination shaped, and the hemelytra are more broadly (Figs. 18, 19, 46–48) rounded. In addition, the male genitalia appear quite different. In Sinervaspartus, Spartacus discovittatus Carvalho 1945: 32 the left paramere is C-shaped rather than (original description), 1957: 127 (cata- L-shaped and the endosoma is broad and log); Carvalho and Froeschner 1987: distally complex, with one or more re- 212 (type data, depository); Schuh 1995: curved processes, often with a field of 577 (catalog), 2013 (on-line catalog). spicules on the membrane, rather than Diagnosis.—Sinervaspartus discov- being a slender tubular sclerite with only ittatus can be recognized by the broad a simple acute or blunt apex. form, the almost uniformly pale yellowish- Sinervaspartus differs from Spartacus brown head and pronotum, with only the in the more distinctly stalked eyes, the middle of the pronotal disc, scutellum presence of a short median groove on and, sometimes, the anterior edge of the the vertex, the broader hemelytra, and collar brown, and the hyaline hemelytra the complex male endosoma. with only the inner half of the clavus and a small cloud on corium on either side of the middle brown. Lengths of specimens Key to the Species of Sinervaspartus examined from head to apex of mem- 1. Head and pronotum, except for pale collar, brane: males (n = 5) 3.44–3.68 mm; fe- dark brown; clavus dark brown at base and males (n = 5) 3.48–3.84 mm. apex, leaving middle pale (Fig. 17)...... Sinervaspartus discovittatus is most .....espartacoides Carvalho and Gomes similar to S. marginalis, n. sp., in the – Head mostly pale yellowish brown; pro- broader body form, the less arched head, notal disc uniformly pale yellowish brown straighter, horizontal eye stalks, and the or with only middle darker brown; clavus short suture between the eyes. It differs marked otherwise ...... 2 from S. marginalis by the dark pronotal 2. Pronotal disc dark brown through mid- disc, pale costal margin, and the pres- dle third, pale yellowish brown later- ence of a brown bar across the middle of ally; clavus either uniformly pale or the corium. infuscated along innerhalforless(Figs. Host.—Taken on Costus spiralis 18, 19)...... discovittatus Carvalho Roscoe [Costaceae] and Heliconia – Pronotal disc uniformly yellowish brown; psittacorum L. [Heliconiaceae] (Carvalho fuscous only on apical third ...... 3 1945). 552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Distribution.—Known from the Bra- Sinervaspartus marginalis Henry and zilian states of Minas Gerais, Matto Howard, new species Grosso, and Rio de Janeiro. (Figs. 20, 49–51) Specimens examined.—3 paratype urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:397D0601- ♀♀ ,Brazil,MinasGerais,Vic¸osa, 5E5B-42C1-B2C8-DA7A6034751A 8-43, J. C. M. Carvalho; 10 ♂♂,12 ♀♀, Brazil, Matto Grosso, Aragascar, Diagnosis.—This species is distin- 1945, J. C. M. Carvalho; 3 ♂♂,1♀, guished by the broad body form; the Brazil, Fl. Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, 12-85, yellowish-brown head, with the clypeus, Menezes. a small area on the frons, and a narrow area at the base darker brown; the largely Sinervaspartus espartacoides Carvalho pale yellowish-brown pronotum with the and Gomes, new combination posterior half of the anterior lobe fus- (Fig. 17) cous; the hyaline hemelytra, with the lat- Sinervus espartacoides Carvalho and eral margins, apex of clavus, inner corial Gomes, 1970: 417 (original description); margin bordering the apex of clavus, and Carvalho and Ferreira 1972: 178 (list); the membrane before the cuneus dark Carvalho and Froeschner 1987: 211 brown; and the fuscous antennal segments (type data, depository); Schuh 1995: (except for the base of segment I). 574 (catalog), 2013 (on-line catalog). Sinervaspartus marginalis is most simi- Diagnosis.—This species is recog- lar to S. espartacoides Carvalho and Gomes nized by the broad body form, dark in the broader body form and general ap- brown to fuscous head, pronotum (ex- pearance, but differs from the latter in cept for the pale collar), base and apex having a pale head, tinged with brown on of the clavus, and the dark trans- the frons, clypeus, and basal area (versus verse bar across the corium. As illus- uniformly dark in S. espartacoides); a pale trated by Carvalho and Gomes (1970), pronotum except for the dark brown to S. espartacoides has a relatively straight fuscous posterior half of the anterior lobe left paramere with a large sensory lobe, (versus dark brown, except for the pale a simple sickle-shaped right paramere, collar in S. espartacoides); and the hemel- and an endosoma with a complex, re- ytra without a dark transverse bar through curved apex. Length of holotype male the middle of the corium (versus a distinct fromheadtoapexofmembrane3.56mm brown bar in S. espartacoides). (3.30 mm given by Carvalho and Gomes Description.—Holotype male: Length 1970). from head to apex of membrane 4.00 mm; Sinervaspartus espartacoides is most length from head to base of cuneus similar to S. marginalis,n.sp.,butthe 2.92 mm, width 1.38 mm. Head: Length latter species has a paler brown head 0.28– 0.34 mm (0.28 mm); width across and pronotal disc and lacks the broad, eyes 0.83 mm; interocular width 0.44 mm. transverse bar across the middle of the Labium:Length0.72mm.Antenna:Seg- corium. ment I, length 0.42 mm; II, 0.81mm; III, Host.—Unknown. 0.56 mm; IV, missing. Pronotum: Length Distribution.—Known only from the 0.85 mm, anterior width 0.43 mm, basal holotype collected in northern Peru width 1.01 mm. (Carvalho and Gomes 1970). Coloration: Head: Pale yellow, tinged Specimen examined.—Holotype ♂, with brown on frons, clypeus, and around [Peru], Chiriaco, 25–9–68, David Ojeda P. base; eye fuscous, with a reddish tinge. VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 553

Antenna: Uniformly dark brown, except Diagnosis.—This species is distin- for pale basal third of segment I. Labium: guished from others in the genus by Pale yellowish or whitish. Pronotum:Pos- the uniformly pale pronotum, with only terior half of anterior lobe dark, shiny the margins lateral to the calli fuscous, the brown, collar pale yellowish; disc yellow- pale scutellum with the midline dark, and ish brown, with a relatively narrow basal the uniquely marked hemelytra with the margin darker brown. Scutellum and apical third of the clavus, the narrow inner mesoscutum brown. Hemelytron:Hya- margin near the apex of the clavus and line, with narrow inner margin and apical a broad lunate mark on the corium fus- half of clavus and lateral (costal) margin cous or black. Length of male holotype and inner margin of corium from cuneus 4.00 mm (Carvalho 1989). to embrowned area of clavus brown; Although we have not examined any membrane clear or hyaline. Ventral sur- material of this species, Carvalho’s face: Pale yellowish brown, dark brown (1989) description and illustrations of the on thorax. Legs: Uniformly pale; tarso- holotype and male genitalia show that S. mere III and claws darker brown. venezuelanus belongs in Sinervaspartus, Structure, texture, and vestiture: Head: based on the head structure, pale collar, Shiny, impunctate, with relatively long, broadly round hemelytra, and the male scattered, simple setae, especially on the genitalia, especially the C-shaped left frons and ventral areas. Labium: Extending paramere and endosoma having the apex to middle of mesosternum. Antenna:All with a multipointed apex and a ﬁeld of segments with numerous short, scattered, spicules on the membrane. recumbent setae. Pronotum: Collar and Specimens examined.—None. Described disc strongly punctate; posterior half of from a male holotype from Las Flores, Aroz, anterior lobe shiny, impunctate. Scutellum: Yaracuy, Venezuela, 1,200 m, 16 Aug. 1980, Equilateral, ﬁnely punctate. Hemelytron: J. L. Garcia and Sanchez (Carvalho 1989). Impunctate, glabrous. Ventral surface with scattered, semierect setae. Legs: Slender, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS with numerous short, recumbent setae. Genitalia: Left paramere (Fig. 49); en- We are grateful to Scott Whittaker dosoma (Fig. 50); right paramere (Fig. 51). (SEM Laboratory, National Museum of Female: Unknown. Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Etymology.—The specific epithet Washington, D.C.) for assistance with the “marginalis” is used to denote the dark Zeiss scanning electron microscope, David brown lateral margins of the largely hy- Adamski (Systematic Entomology Labo- aline hemelytra. ratory, ARS, USDA, Washington, D.C.) Host.—Unknown. for assistance in operating the Vision- Distribution.—Peru. ary Digital Imaging System, Katherine Type material.—Holotype ♂,Peru,Ma- E. Cain (Arlington, Virginia) for preparing dre de Dios: Manu, Erika (near Salvacion), the images of Sinervus baerensprungi 550 m, 5–6 Sept. 1988, W. N. Mathis. (♀, lateral aspect), S. hyalipedes (♀), and Sinervaspartus discovittatus (♂ and ♀), Sinervaspartus venezuelanus Carvalho, Rebekka Ord (Juneau, Alaska) for the new combination genitalic photos, and Luiz A. A. Costa Spartacus venezuelanus Carvalho 1989: 479 and Gabriel Mejdalani (MNRJ) for pro- (original description); Schuh 1995: 578 viding the dorsal photographs of Sinervus (catalog), Schuh 2013 (online catalog). discopiceus and S. sulinus. We also thank 554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A. G. Wheeler, Jr. (Clemson University, especies novas de Rondonia, Brazil (Hetero- Clemson, South Carolina) and Michael D. ptera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 37: Schwartz (Agriculture and Agri-Food 803–817. Carvalho, J. C. M. and P. S. F. Ferreira. 1972. Canada, Ottawa) for kindly reviewing the Mirıdeos neotropicais CXLV: Estudo de duas manuscript and offering suggestions for coleçoes da Republica do Peru (Hemiptera). its improvement. Mention of trade Revista Brasileira de Biologia 32: 177–183. names or products in this publication is Carvalho, J. C. M. and A. V. Fontes. 1967. Mirıdeos solely for the purpose of providing neotropicais, XCVIII: Tres novas especies das specific information and does not imply tribos Bryocorini e Orthotylini (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 27: 315–320. recommendation or endorsement by the Carvalho, J. C. M. and R. C. Froeschner. 1987. U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Taxonomic names proposed in the insect or- USDA is an equal opportunity employer. der Heteroptera by Jose Candido de Melo Carvalho from 1943 to January 1985, with Literature Cited type depositories. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 95: 121–224. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1945. Mirideos neotropicais: Carvalho, J. C. M. and I. P. Gomes. 1970. Mirıdeos Generos Diaphnidia Uhler, Hyaliodes Reuter neotropicais, CXVII: Soˆbre algums especies Hyaliodocoris Knight, Sinervus Stal e Spartacus de Bryocorini e Clivinemini (Hemiptera). Distant, com descriço˜es de especies novas. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 30: 411–418. Boletim do Museum Nacional (n. s.) (Zool.) Ferreira,P.S.F.andT.J.Henry.2011.Synopsisand 36: 1–79. keys to the tribes, genera, and species of Miridae Carvalho, J. C. M. 1948. Mirıdeos neotropicais: XXXIV: Descriçaõ de uma especie nova de (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Minas Gerais, Bra- “Falconia” Distant e algumas correço˜es zil. Part. I: Bryocorinae. Zootaxa 2920: 1–41. sinonımicas (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira Namyatova,A.A.,F.V.Konstantinov,andG. de Biologia 8: 189–192. Cassis. 2015. Phylogeny and systematics of the Carvalho, J. C. M. 1957. A catalog of the Miridae subfamily Bryocorinae based on morphology of the world. Part I. Cylapinae, Deraeocor- with emphasis on the tribe Dicyphini sensu inae, Bryocorinae. Arquivos do Museu Na- Schuh, 1976. Systematic Entomology 41: 3–40. cional, Rio de Janeiro 44(1): 1–158. Odhiambo, T. R. 1962. Review of some genera of Carvalho, J. C. M. 1981. The Bryocorinae of Papua the subfamily Bryocorinae (Hemiptera: Mir- New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Arquivos do idae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Nat- Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 56: 35–89. ural History), Entomology 2(6): 245–331. Carvalho, J. C. M. 1985. Mirıdeos neotropicais, Poppius, B. 1911. Beitra¨ge zur Kenntnis der Miriden- CCXLVII: Descriço˜es de um genero e trinta e Fauna von Ceylon. O¨ fversigt Finska Vetenskaps- quatro especies novas da tribo Bryocorini Societatis Fo¨rhandlingar 53A (2): 1–36. Douglas & Scott (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira Schuh, R. T. 1995. Plant bugs of the world (In- de Biologia 44: 267–294. secta: Heteroptera: Miridae). Systematic cat- Carvalho, J. C. M. 1989. Mirıdeos neotropicais, alog, distributions, host list, and bibliography. CCCVIII: Geˆnero e especeis novos da Venezuela The New York Entomological Society, New eColoˆmbia com correço˜es taxonoˆmicas York. 1329 pp. (Hemiptera). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 49: Schuh, R. T. 2013. On-line systematic cata- 461–484. log of plant bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Carvalho, J. C. M. 1990. Mirıdeos neotropicais, Miridae). http://research.amnh.org/pbi/cat- CCCXLII: Novo genero e novas especies da alog/ [accessed 22 August 2016]. America do Sul (Hemiptera). Anais da Aca- Stal, C. 1960. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-traktens demia Brasileira de Ciencias 62: 393–400. Hemipter-fauna. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Carvalho, J. C. M. and C. R. S. Afonso. 1977. Akademiens Handlingar 2(7): 1–84. Mirıdeos neotropicais, CCVIII: Soˆbre uma Stonedahl, G. M. 1988. Revisions of Dio- coleçaõ eviada para estudo pela Academia de clerus, Harpedona, Mertila, Myiocapsus, Ciencias da California (Hemiptera). Revista Prodromus, and Thaumastomiris (Hetero- Brasileira de Biologia 37: 7–16. ptera: Miridae, Bryocorinae: Eccritotarsini). Carvalho, J. C. M. and L. A. A. Costa. 1993. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural Mirıdeos neotropicais, 380: Novos generos e History 187: 1–99.