PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 118(4), 2016, pp. 533–554 REVISION OF THE NEOTROPICAL PLANT BUG GENUS SINERVUS STAL (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE: BRYOCORINAE: ECCRITOTARSINI), WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF FOUR NEW SPECIES AND A CLOSELY RELATED NEW GENUS urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:59981295-39B7-4B0A-990F-2D90CCC2D929 THOMAS J. HENRY AND SAMUEL Z. HOWARD (TJH) Systematic Entomology Laboratory,ARS,USDA,c/oP.O.Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013–7012 (e-mail: [email protected]); (SZH) Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013–7012 (current address: 42 Castro St., Apt. 5, San Francisco, CA 94114) (TJH) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:AE9BFF29-C17E-428E-8181-A5CCCCAC0132 (SZH) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6423AFF8-1B68-4C3B-9D7C-AC15566B6F76 Abstract.—The eccritotarsine plant bug genus Sinervus Stal is revised and the species S. apicalis, n. sp. from Honduras and S. cunealis, n. sp. and S. egeri, n. sp. from Brazil are described, bringing the total species in the genus to 11. Sinervus and the nine previously known species are diagnosed and the three new species are described. The genus Sinervaspartus, n. gen. is described to accommodate Spar- tacus discovittatus Carvalho, new combination (as the type species), Sinervus es- partacoides Carvalho and Gomes, new combination, Spartacus venezuelanus Carvalho, new combination, and Sinervaspartus marginalis, n. sp. from Peru. Color dorsal images for all species, male genitalia for the new species, selected SEM micrographs, and keys to help distinguish Sinervus and Sinervaspartus and all in- cluded species are provided. Relationships with the New World genus Spartacus Distant and certain Old World genera are discussed. Key Words: Insecta, Hemiptera, Miridae, Bryocorinae, new genus, new species, new combinations, Neotropics DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.118.4.533 Prior to this study, the eccritotarsine Brazil without a specific locality. The plant bug genus Sinervus Stal comprised genus remained monotypic until Carvalho nine New World species. Stal (1860) (1945) added three Brazilian species established the genus for the new species S. costaricensis from Minas Gerais, S. baerensprungi Stal described from S. discopiceus from Mato Grosso, and 534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON S. hyalipedes from Santa Catarina. Sub- microscope affixed to a Canon EOS 40D sequent descriptions of S. amapaensis digital SLR camera. A Dynalite M2000 Carvalho and Fontes (1967) from Amapa, power pack and Microptics ML1000 light Brazil, S. espartacoides Carvalho and box provided illumination and image Gomes (1970) from Peru, S. sulinus stacks were montaged using Helicon Fo- Carvalho (1985) from Santa Catarina, cus 4.2.1. Color plates were prepared Brazil, S. minezi Carvalho (1990) from using the freeware GNU Image Ma- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and S. rondoniensis nipulation Program (GIMP) and num- Carvalho and Costa (1993) from Rondonia, bered in Adobe Illustrator CS4. Brazil, increased the number of species in Micrographs were taken using a Zeiss the genus to nine. EVO/MA15 scanning electron microscope. While sorting material in the National Specimens were glued to standard SEM Museum of Natural History collection, stubs, sputter coated with a gold-palladium we discovered three new species of Si- alloy, and examined at 6–10 KV. SEM plates nervus, two from Brazil and one from were created in Photoshop CS4 and num- Honduras. In addition, we determined bered in Adobe Illustrator CS4. All color that Spartacus discovittatus Carvalho images and micrographs were taken by the from Brazil, Sinervus espartacoides second author, unless otherwise noted. Carvalho and Gomes, and a new species All specimens examined in this paper from Peru are not congeneric with either are deposited in the USNM ([United States] Sinervus or the closely related genus National Museum of Natural History Insect Spartacus; thus, we establish a new ge- and Mite collection, Washington, D. C.), nus to accommodate them. unless otherwise noted as MNRJ (Museum In this paper, we review the known Nacional, Rio de Janeiro). species of Sinervus, give new records and diagnoses of previously described Sinervus Stal species; diagnoses, descriptions, and il- Type species: Sinervus baerensprungi lustrations of male genitalia of the new Stal, 1860. Monotypic. species; color habitus photos of all spe- Sinervus Stal 1860: 56 (original descrip- cies; SEM micrographs of selected tion); Carvalho 1957: 124 (catalog); structures for Sinervus baerensprungi Odhiambo 1962: 248 (diagnosis); and Spartacus minensis Carvalho; and Schuh 1995: 574 (catalog); Ferreira the first key to the species of the genus. and Henry 2011: 25 (diagnosis, key); The new genus Sinervaspartus is de- Schuh 2013: (online catalog). scribed to accommodate Spartacus Diagnosis.—Species of Sinervus are discovitattus, Spartacus venezuelanus, distinguished by a combination of the Sinervus espartacoides, and one new triangular head in anterior view, strongly species. Keys to distinguish Sinervus, stalked eyes, concave vertex (Fig. 25), Spartacus, and Sinervaspartus and the with a long, deep, median suture (Fig. species of Sinervus and the new genus 26), acetabular carinae bordering the are given and relationships with related prosternum, the lateral acetabular su- genera are discussed. tures over the dorsal half of the procoxae (Fig. 29), the large distinct puncture MATERIALS AND METHODS between the calli (Fig. 26), the open Color images were captured using a Vi- forward-facing coxal-trochanteral joint sionary Digital imaging system that in- (Fig. 30), the long tapering cuneus, and cluded an Infinity Optics K2 long-distance the large single cell of the membrane. VOLUME 118, NUMBER 4 535 Description.—Lengths of males 3.30– area (Fig. 28): Reduced, oblong, ex- 4.80 mm; females 3.40–4.68 mm. Head tending along lower posterior edge of (Figs. 23–25): Vertex concave with a metapleuron, flush with and terminating long, deep, median suture; eyes strongly at middle of metacoxae; evaporative stalked, anterolaterally and dorsally surface absent or greatly reduced along oriented, spherical, with a dorsal crescent- narrow lower outer edge of auricle. Legs: shaped area lacking ommatidia; anten- Procoxa and trochanter forming distinct niferous tubercles prominent, extending forward-facing semicircular cleft (Fig. anteriorly well beyond level of frons; 30); femora uniformly cylindrical, hind frons not extending anteriorly past eyes; femur longest; tibiae slender, tapered clypeus not extending past frons in lateral basally, slightly flared distally; claws aspect. Labium: Short, extending just with fleshy pseudoarolia, cupped down- beyond posterior margin of procoxae or ward, about three fourths the length of middle of mesosternum. Antenna:Seg- claw (Fig. 32). ment I narrow at base, bulging at center, Male genitalia: Left paramere (Figs. and gradually tapering to apex; segment 37, 40, 43) somewhat L-shaped, sensory II uniformly cylindrical, longer than lobe swollen distally, arm sickle-shaped; segment I; segment III subequal to length right paramere (Figs. 39, 42, 45) shaft of segment II; segment IV longest and simple, elongate, acute or truncate dis- most slender. Pronotum (Figs. 23–24, tally, sometimes with a lateral tubercle; 27): Divided into distinct anterior and endosoma (Figs. 38, 41, 44) simple, posterior lobes, punctate, separated by comprising a single, tubular, apically a weak transverse impression, anterior acute to truncate, C-shaped sclerite en- pronotal lobe narrower than posterior closed in membrane. lobe (disc), calli smooth with a deep Discussion.—In the New World, Si- median puncture between each callus nervus is most closely related to the genus (callosite), posterior lobe strongly con- Spartacus in sharing an elongate body vex, more finely punctate. Mesoscutum form, stalked or semi-stalked eyes, an (Fig. 23): Not visible or only partially elongate cuneus that extends to the apex exposed, covered by anterior margin of of the membrane in nearly all species; the the pronotum. Scutellum: Equilateral, largely hyaline hemelytra, usually with at impunctate, sparsely setose, margins most only a cloud or transverse brown or sometimes shallowly scalloped. Hemely- fuscous bar across the middle of the co- tron: Hyaline, sparsely setose; cuneus rium; and similar male genitalia. long, tapered, extending along edge of The distinctly stalked eyes in most membrane almost to apex; large single species of Sinervus arch upward and cell terminating near apex of cuneus. forward anteriorly beyond the frons and Ventral surface: Prosternum (Fig. 29) the inner margin of each eye is well bordered laterally by inner acetabular lateral of the outer anterior margin of the carinae; acetabulum (Fig. 29) bulging pronotum, whereas in Spartacus, the laterally and covering procoxa, coxal eyes (Figs. 33, 35) are much less dis- cleft distinct; mesosternum convex, tinctly stalked or substylate and expand broadly rounded, with a shallow median laterally but not upward or forward, and groove and sparsely setose; meta- the inner margin of each eye is within the sternum small, convex, and slightly level with the outer anterior margin of rounded; abdomen cylindrical, shiny, the pronotum. Also, Sinervus always has sparsely setose. Ostiolar evaporative a distinct elongate, median suture on the 536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON vertex between the eyes, whereas in short median sutures on the vertex and Spartacus