Refugee Watch
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Islam in Myanmar – Research Notes Imtiyaz Yusuf
82 Islam in Myanmar – Research Notes Imtiyaz Yusuf Myanmar is a non-secular Buddhist majority country. The Theravada Buddhists and Christians are the two main religious communities groups in Myanmar with the Muslims being the third, enumerated population of Burma tells that, Buddhists make up 89.8 percent of the population, Christians 6.3 percent and Muslims 2.3 percent. The Burmese Muslim community is largely a community of traders and ulama who are economically well but with poor levels of human resources development in the professional fields of education, science, engineering, medicine, technology and business management. Yet, there are several prominent law specialists among them. As a hard and a difficult country, Myanmar was born out of the ashes of the murder of its integrationist freedom fighter leader General Aung San, the father of Aung San Suu Kyi, he was assassinated on 19 July 1947 a few months before the independence of Burma on 4 January 1948. His legacy of seeking integration and the legacy of violence associated with his murder alludes Myanmar until today. In its 69 years of existence, Myanmar is dominated politically by the Bamar Buddhist majority which espouses a Bamar racist interpretation of Buddhism. The Bamar and other 135 distinct ethnic groups are officially grouped into following eight “major national ethnic races” viz., Bamar; Chin; Kachin; Kayin; Kayah; Mon; Rakhine and Shan who are recognized the original natives of the country of Myanmar. Others are classified as outsiders or illegal immigrants as in the case of the Rohingya Muslims. The Muslims in Myanmar are divided into 4 groups: 1) The India Muslims known as Chulias, Kaka and Pathans were brought by the British colonizers to administer the colony. -
Indo-Bangladesh Developmental Cooperation
INDO-BANGLADESH DEVELOPMENTAL COOPERATION DISSIBRTJELTIONT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF iflas^ter of ^Jjiloiop^p IN political Science BY AZRA KHAN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Dr. M. Mahmood Reader In Political Science DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH. 1890 r 'fi^XHnlfl l ^ ^ DS1986 V 4 ^1 t- ? 3 OCT :392 Department of Political Science Phones : \';^'^ '^ ''If^ Aligarh Muslim University Ihm. : 266 Aligarh October 25,1990 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT i*lI5S A ZRM KHAN HAb PREPARED HER l*i.PHIi.. DISSERTATION ON «!NOO-BANGLAD£SH DEUELOPMLNTAL COOPERATION" UNCER (*iY GUIOANCE. THE yORK IS TiT FOR SUBHISSION FOR EVALUATION. CERTIFIED ALSO THAT THE CANDIDATE HAS CLEARED THE PRESCRIBED PAPERS AND PUT IN THE REQUISITE ATTENDANCE DURING THE PERIOD STIPULATED FOR THE COURSE. (nOHAPIMED nAH!*100C) READER IN POLITICAL SCIENCE CONTENTS Pages PREFACE ....i-iv Chapter I : THE ROLE OP INDIA IN THE .... 1-20 CREATION OP BANGLADESH - Indian aid during Lib eration Struggle of Bangladesh, - India and Bangladesh since Liberation, Chapter II t IN DO-BANGLADESH TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, COOPERA TION AND PEACE, 1972 .... 21-38 - The Background and Significance - Anti-India Propaganda in Bangladesh - Sheikh Mujib's 1974 visit to India Chapter III : D£TERMIN;4NTS Op INDO- BANGLADESH DEVELOPMEN TAL COOPERATION .,.. 39-56 - Geographical Proximity - Politico-Strategic Understanding - Economic Linkages - Regional Cooperation - Indo-Bangladesh Coop eration under the SAARC - II - Pages Chapter IV : INDO-BANGLADESH DEVELOIMEN- TAL COOPERATION DURING 1972-1989 .... 57-79 - Pormation and Working of the Indo-Bangladesh Joint River Commission - Indo-Bangladesh Joint Economic Commission -j^greement on the Tin Bigha Corridor - Cooperation in Social, Cultural and Technolo gical Fields Chapter V : INDO-BANGLADESH TRADE RELATION?SINCE 1972 ... -
Remembered Villages • 319
Remembered Villages • 319 gender though one would suspect, from the style of writing, that with the exception of one, the essays were written by men. The authors recount their memories of their native villages—sixty-seven in all—of East Bengal belonging to some eighteen districts. Written in the aftermath of parti- tion, these essays capture the sense of tragedy that the division of the country represented to these authors. This attitude was more Hindu 16 than Muslim, for to many if not most of the Muslims of East Pakistan, 1947 was not only about partition, it was also about freedom, from both the British and the Hindu ruling classes.4 Remembered Villages My aim is to understand the structure of sentiments expressed in these essays. One should remember the context. There is no getting Representations of Hindu-Bengali Memories around the fact that partition was traumatic for those who had to leave in the Aftermath of the Partition their homes. Stories and incidents of sexual harassment and degradation of women, of forced eviction, of physical violence and humiliation marked their experience. The Hindu Bengali refugees who wrote these essays DIPESH CHAKRABARTY had to make a new life in the difficult circumstances of the overcrowded city of Calcutta. Much of the story of their attempts to settle down in the different suburbs of Calcutta is about squatting on government or privately owned land and about reactive violence by the police and landlords.5 emory is a complex phenomenon that reaches out to far beyond The sudden influx of thousands of people into a city where the services what normally constitutes an historian's archives, for memory were already stretched to their limits, could not have been a welcome is much more than what the mind can remember or what event. -
Thai-Burmese Warfare During the Sixteenth Century and the Growth of the First Toungoo Empire1
Thai-Burmese warfare during the sixteenth century 69 THAI-BURMESE WARFARE DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY AND THE GROWTH OF THE FIRST TOUNGOO EMPIRE1 Pamaree Surakiat Abstract A new historical interpretation of the pre-modern relations between Thailand and Burma is proposed here by analyzing these relations within the wider historical context of the formation of mainland Southeast Asian states. The focus is on how Thai- Burmese warfare during the sixteenth century was connected to the growth and development of the first Toungoo empire. An attempt is made to answer the questions: how and why sixteenth century Thai-Burmese warfare is distinguished from previous warfare, and which fundamental factors and conditions made possible the invasion of Ayutthaya by the first Toungoo empire. Introduction As neighbouring countries, Thailand and Burma not only share a long border but also have a profoundly interrelated history. During the first Toungoo empire in the mid-sixteenth century and during the early Konbaung empire from the mid-eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, the two major kingdoms of mainland Southeast Asia waged wars against each other numerous times. This warfare was very important to the growth and development of both kingdoms and to other mainland Southeast Asian polities as well. 1 This article is a revision of the presentations in the 18th IAHA Conference, Academia Sinica (December 2004, Taipei) and The Golden Jubilee International Conference (January 2005, Yangon). A great debt of gratitude is owed to Dr. Sunait Chutintaranond, Professor John Okell, Sarah Rooney, Dr. Michael W. Charney, Saya U Myint Thein, Dr. Dhiravat na Pombejra and Professor Michael Smithies. -
Use of Theses
Australian National University THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. INDIA-BANGLADESH POLITICAL RELATIONS DURING THE AWAMI LEAGUE GOVERNMENT, 1972-75 by Shaukat Hassan A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Australian National University April 1987 Deelarat ion Except where otherwise indicated this thesis is my own work. Utx*.s Shaukat Hassan April 1987 Acknowledgements I wish to thank Professors George Codding of the Un.iversity of Colorado, Thomas Hovet and M. George Zaninovich of the University of Oregon, Talukdar Maniruzzaman of the University of Dhaka, Mr. Neville Maxwell of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Oxford University, and Brigadier Abdul Momen, former Director General of the Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies, Dhaka, for making it possible for me to undertake this study. I am equally grateful to the Department of International Relations at the Australian National University for generously providing me the necessary funds to carry out research overseas. I must express my sincere gratitude to all those in the United States, the United Kingdom, India, Bangladesh, the People's Repub lic of China, and Australia who granted me interviews, many of whom must remain anonymous. My special thanks and appreciation are due to Mr. -
Contesting Buddhist Narratives Democratization, Nationalism, and Communal Violence in Myanmar
Policy Studies 71 Contesting Buddhist Narratives Democratization, Nationalism, and Communal Violence in Myanmar Matthew J. Walton and Susan Hayward Contesting Buddhist Narratives Democratization, Nationalism, and Communal Violence in Myanmar About the East-West Center The East-West Center promotes better relations and understanding among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, and dialogue. Established by the US Congress in 1960, the Center serves as a resource for infor- mation and analysis on critical issues of common concern, bringing people together to exchange views, build expertise, and develop policy options. The Center’s 21-acre Honolulu campus, adjacent to the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, is located midway between Asia and the US main- land and features research, residential, and international conference facilities. The Center’s Washington, DC, office focuses on preparing the United States for an era of growing Asia Pacific prominence. The Center is an independent, public, nonprofit organization with funding from the US government, and additional support provided by private agencies, individuals, foundations, corporations, and govern- ments in the region. Policy Studies an East-West Center series Series Editors Dieter Ernst and Marcus Mietzner Description Policy Studies presents original research on pressing economic and political policy challenges for governments and industry across Asia, About the East-West Center and for the region's relations with the United States. Written for the The East-West Center promotes better relations and understanding policy and business communities, academics, journalists, and the in- among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the formed public, the peer-reviewed publications in this series provide Pacifi c through cooperative study, research, and dialogue. -
Compendium on Gender Dimensions of Trade Facilitation
Gender Dimensions of Trade Facilitation: Evidence from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal 163 Gender Dimensions of Trade Facilitation Evidence from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal Gender Dimensions of Trade Facilitation Evidence from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal Published by Consumer Unity & Trust Society D-217, Bhaskar Marg, Bani Park, Jaipur 302016, India Ph: 91.141.2282821, Fx: 91.141.2282485 Email: [email protected], Web: www.cuts-international.org Supported by: In partnership with: © CUTS International, October 2020 ISBN 978-81-8257-284-3 Printed in India by Unique Print In, Jaipur This Compendium has been published as a part of CUTS project entitled, 'Gender Dimensions of Trade Facilitation Agreement: Evidence from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal' undertaken with the support of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, UK and in partnership with Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Bhutan Media & Communications Institute; and South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics & Environment, Nepal. The material in this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for education or non-profit uses, without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The publishers would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication, which uses this publication as a source. #2012 Gender Dimensions of Trade Facilitation: Evidence from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal 3 Contents Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................... -
Disease and Death: Issues of Public Health Among East Bengali Refugees in 1971 -Utsa Sarmin
Disease and Death: Issues of Public Health Among East Bengali Refugees in 1971 -Utsa Sarmin Introduction: “Because of 'Operation Searchlight', 10 million refugees came to India, most of them living in appalling conditions in the refugee camps. I cannot forget seeing 10 children fight for one chapatti. I cannot forget the child queuing for milk, vomiting, collapsing and dying of cholera. I cannot forget the woman lying in the mud, groaning and giving birth.”1 The situation of East Bengali refugees in 1971 was grim. The Bangladesh liberation war of 1971 witnessed 10 million people from the erstwhile East Pakistan (present Bangladesh), fleeing the persecution by Pakistani soldiers and coming to India seeking refuge2. The sudden influx of refugees created a mammoth humanitarian crisis. At one hand, the refugees were struggling to access food, water, proper sanitation, shelter. On the other hand, their lives were tormented by various health issues. The cholera epidemic of 1971 alone killed over 5,000 refugees.3 Other health concerns were malnutrition, exhaustion, gastronomical diseases. “A randomized survey on refugee health highlights the chief medical challenges in the refugee population as being malnutrition, diarrhoea, vitamin-A deficiency, pyoderma, and tuberculosis.”4 The Indian government was not adequately equipped to deal with a crisis of such level. Even though there was initial sympathies with the refugees, it quickly waned and by May 1971, the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi characterized it as a “national problem”5 and by July, she described the problem could potentially threaten the peace of South Asia.6 The proposed research paper will look into the public health crisis and the rate of mortality due to the crisis among the refugees of West Bengal in 1971. -
Conceptions of Political Representation in 19Th and 20Th Century India
Representation in the Shadow of Colonialism: Conceptions of Political Representation in 19th and 20th Century India by Jaby Mathew A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Jaby Mathew (2017) Representation in the Shadow of Colonialism: Conceptions of Political Representation in 19th and 20th Century India Jaby Mathew Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto 2017 Abstract The starting point of this dissertation is the persistent political underrepresentation of Muslims in Indian legislatures since independence, and how this impugns Indian democracy’s claim to be egalitarian and inclusive. The study argues that specific institutional arrangements for enhancing democratic representation of marginalized groups must be understood in their historical context. Therefore, this dissertation examines the debates over political representation in colonial India, and the terms of settlement in the Constituent Assembly of India, where group representation rights were acknowledged for certain groups but not for religious minorities. Mapping these debates, this work illustrates how the political sociology underlying constituency definition shifted over time and generated the contemporary structure of political exclusion for Muslims. Further, the specific history of political representation in India reveals its use for both non-democratic (representation for ruling or governance) and democratic (representation for self-rule or self-governance) purposes. This dissertation argues that Indian thinkers’ ideas of political representation bear a dual relationship to colonial thinking about representation as a tool for control and governance – a duality that engendered possibilities for an alternative version of liberalism in India. -
Sadruddin Aga Khan and the 1971 East Pakistani Crisis
➞ Global Migration Research Paper 1 | 2010 –––––––––––– SADRUDDIN AGA KHAN AND THE 1971 EAST PAKISTANI CRISIS REFUGEES AND MEDIATION IN LIGHT OF THE RECORDS OF THE OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES David Myard –––––––––––– ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper derives from a project conducted by the Programme for the Study of Global Migration of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in cooperation with UNHCR, which aimed at opening the Records of the Office of the High Commissioner for research (UNHCR Fonds 13). For more information, see: http://graduateinstitute.ch/globalmigration/HCRecords . The author is grateful to Jennifer Leland for her careful review of the draft, as well as to Dr. Jérôme B. Elie for his most valuable suggestions and comments on an earlier version of the paper, and for the final editing work. Many thanks also to Ms. Montserrat Canela Garayoa and Mr. Lee McDonald of the UNHCR Archives. This document can be downloaded from web site of the the Programme for the Study of Global Migration at the Graduate Institute: http://graduateinstitute.ch/globalmigration . The views expressed in the collection GLOBAL MIGRATION RESEARCH PAPERS do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. © Programme for the Study of Global Migration Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies P.O.Box 136 1211 Geneva 21 Switzerland Tel.: +41-22-908-6256 Fax: +41-22-908-4594 Email: [email protected] http://graduateinstitute.ch/globalmigration TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 PPAARRTT III --- TTHHEE SSEETTTTIIINNGG::: RREEFFUUGGEEEESS,,, KKEEYY TTOO RREECCOONNCCIIILLIIIAATTIIIOONN,,, WWAAYY TTOO WWAARR 77 1. ‘SEARCHLIGHT’ 7 2. -
Michael R. Hinz, Jr
TO PROTECT AND SERVE? THE INDIAN COLONIAL POLICE: 1861–1932 A Thesis by MICHAEL R. HINZ, JR. Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University-Commerce in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2016 TO PROTECT AND SERVE? THE INDIAN COLONIAL POLICE: 1861–1932 A Thesis by MICHAEL R. HINZ, JR. Approved by: Advisor: William Kuracina Committee: Jessica Brannon-Wranosky Mark Moreno Head of Department: William Kuracina Dean of the College: Salvatore Attardo Dean of Graduate Studies: Arlene Horne iii Copyright © 2016 Michael Ray Hinz, Jr. iv ABSTRACT TO PROTECT AND SERVE? THE INDIAN COLONIAL POLICE: 1861–1932 Michael R. Hinz, Jr., MA Texas A&M University-Commerce, 2016 Advisor: William F. Kuracina, PhD Following the Munity of 1857 to independence in 1947, no single colonial institution was more essential for British rule than the Indian Colonial Police. Through this organization, challenges to the colonial regime were met; this institution also interacted most frequently with the indigenous population in India. Consequently, the colonial police of India represents a prism through which the rest of British colonial rule can be holistically understood. Reforms introduced to this police structure suggest that this imperial institution required accommodation to handle precise colonial law enforcement needs as the tide of indigenous nationalism, starting in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, threatened to disrupt Britain’s foreign domination. Reforms, therefore, did not occur in a vacuum, but rather were introduced by the British in response to very precise conditions and imperial imperatives. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my family, friends, and colleagues for their support during the preparation of the thesis. -
Displacement and Development: Long Term Impacts of Population Transfer in India ∗
Displacement and Development: Long Term Impacts of Population Transfer in India ∗ Prashant Bharadwajy Rinchan Ali Mirzaz August 2018 Abstract The partition of British India in 1947 resulted in one of the largest and most rapid migrations and population transfers of the 20th century. Using refugee pres- ence by 1951 as a measure for the intensity of the impact of the population transfer, and district level data on agricultural output between 1911-2009 from India, we find using difference in differences and event study approaches that areas that received more refugees have higher average yields, are more likely to take up high yielding varieties of seeds, and are more likely to use agricultural technologies. The increase in yields and use of agricultural technology coincide with the timing of the Green Revolution in India. Using pre-partition data, we show that refugee placement is uncorrelated with soil and water table characteristics, agricultural infrastructure, and agricultural yields prior to 1947; hence, the effects are not explained by selec- tive movement into districts with a higher potential for agricultural development. We highlight refugee literacy and land reforms in areas with refugees as two of the many potential mechanisms that could be driving these effects. JEL Codes: O13, O33, O15, Q16, N55 ∗This project has benefitted from comments by Latika Chaudhary, James Fenske, Bishnupriya Gupta, Asim Khwaja, Takashi Kurosaki, Atif Mian, participants of the 17th World Economic History Congress, organizers and participants of the 10th International Conference on Migration and Development, and various seminar participants. yUniversity of California San Diego & NBER. Corresponding author: Economics Dept, 9500 Gilman Dr.