A Welsh Neolithic Perspective

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Welsh Neolithic Perspective George Nash The cupmark conundrum: A Welsh Neolithic perspective Context and opportunity quoted by Stan Beckensall in his useful One of the most enigmatic symbols of volume British Prehistoric Rock Art (1999, the later prehistoric world is the humble 87). Similarly, R.W.B. Morris listed just five cupmark (or cupule). Arguably simple to Welsh sites in his survey of prehistoric rock construct, cupmarks are the most common art of the British mainland that focused engraved motifs found in Neolithic and on motifs more complex than simple Bronze Age Europe. Within the western cupmarks (1989). These rather under- British Isles, they usually occur on rock represented numbers were significantly outcropping or on top of the capstones increased by John Sharkey’s book Meet- of burial-ritual monuments. Occasionally, ing of the Tracks: The Rock art in Ancient they are also found on upright stones Wales (2004). This book provided the that form the inner architecture of monu- reader with an excellent account of the ments. However, cupmarks are only found various sites that were distributed across on or near a relatively small number of the country, using data from the Welsh burial-ritual monuments suggesting sev- Trust HERs and fieldwork notes made by eral possible scenarios. In this paper I will the author. The list of sites in John’s book, describe and discuss the evidence that along with sites discovered and recognised surrounds these simple motifs and suggest by the WRAO brought the site count to reasons why prehistoric communities in around 60. The size of this assemblage this part of western Britain and along the was later expanded considerably thanks to Atlantic Seaboard of Europe found them social media. During the early years of the to be such a potent symbol. WRAO, myself and fellow convenor Carol Brook set-up a dedicated website and Rock art research in Wales is a relatively (dare I say it) Facebook page for Welsh new branch of prehistoric research with rock art. It was from this form of mass- only several books and a handful of aca- communication that we were informed demic papers being published. Much of by professionals and enthusiasts alike of the most recent research has been pro- potential new sites; many of which were duced by the Welsh Rock Art Organisation discovered by accident or from dedicated (WRAO) and the late John Sharkey. Since geoprospection, such as the sterling field- an inaugural meeting in Bangor, North work of Edith Evans (Glamorgan-Gwent Wales in 2004, when the Welsh Rock art Archaeological Trust) on Gelligaer Com- Organisation was initially conceived, one mon. By the end of 2018, the Welsh Rock of the aims was to data-gather informa- Art Organisation held data on at least 115 tion of known rock art sites in Wales and sites (with two additional sites reported the Borderlands. At this time, the Sites in October 2018 and two from the north- and Monuments Record (SMR) from each ern Borderlands in 2019). The majority of the four Welsh Archaeological Trusts of these sites date from the Bronze Age collectively held around 30 sites of varying with a small assemblage attributed to the size and quality; twenty-two more than Neolithic. Based on the various Welsh Trust 96 Adoranten 2019 Figure 1. Distribution of Neolithic chambered burial-ritual monuments in Wales (black dots) and those monuments with rock art (red dots) databases, sites from the Neolithic are usu- Wales with associated rock art, all but one ally associated with stone-chambered bur- contained single and multiple cupmarks. ial-ritual monuments (Figure 1). These sites were constructed and in use between 4000 Contextual geographies and 2000 BCE. Of the eighteen sites in The landmass that is Wales is largely undulating and mountainous, with fer- Adoranten 2019 97 tile growing areas located around the Neolithic burial monument distribution coastal fringes in the south, south west was based on nine distinct geographic and northern parts of the country. Much clusters, eight of which were scattered of the southern, central and northern around the coastal fringes whilst one landscapes of Wales are dominated by group – the Black Mountains Group of the Black Mountains, the Brecon Beacons, Breconshire is the only inland group (Nash the Cadair Ibris Range, the Cambrian 2006a). The geology used for monument Range, Mynydd Preseli and the Snowdo- construction is predominantly sandstone nia Mountains. It is within these rugged and sandstone variants; however, within areas, in particular, the hinterlands that the North Wales Group the geology is encircle the peaks and slopes of these limestone and in Ynys Môn (Anglesey) visually imposing ancient landforms that the geology varies considerably (see Nash much of the later prehistoric rock art, dat- & Weston forthcoming). Arguably, both ing from the Late Neolithic and Bronze geologies are considered to be soft rocks Age is found. The same areas also contain and therefore ideal for engraving and pockets of fertile land, usually along the pecking; however, despite monument valley floors where glacial and periglacial construction, no rock art occurs on monu- activity had taken place some 12-14,000 ments or exposed rock outcropping within years ago previously and subsequent flu- the limestone areas of Wales. Within the vial deposition during the early Holocene. other eight core areas where sandstone The enriched soils would have been an geology is predominant there are a lim- important factor in determining early set- ited number of the megalithic sites that tlement and landscape utilisation. Much of contain engraved rock art including cup- the Neolithic burial-ritual activity though marks.1 Although near-impossible to prove is located around the coastal fringes of due to four to five millennia of inclement northern and southern Wales. According weather conditions, it is conceivable that to Fowler (1983) the potential maximum these engraved sites would have also been number of growing days during later painted, similar to a small assemblage prehistory would have been within these of megalithic sites found in the Iberian coastal fringes (and some distance inland) Peninsula (Nash & Garcês 2017). Painting around south-west Wales (Pembrokeshire) over the engravings would have provided and North Wales (Ynys Môn [Anglesey] essential visual enhancement, especially and Gwynedd. It is within these areas that if natural oblique lighting was not forth- Fowler suggested the potential maximum coming! growing period equated to 365 days (i.e. all-the-year-round farming). This figure is vastly superior to the 240 growing days From antiquarian to professional: in and around, say, the Brecon Beacons of attitudes towards research central eastern Wales or Snowdonia. Available antiquarian and historic lit- erature on the megalithic monuments in The highest density of later prehistoric Western Britain and Ireland is extensive; ritual activity is centred (not surprisingly) however, this is not the place to review it around those areas where Fowler’s maxi- in any detail, although there are a num- mum annual growing period is identified: ber of useful observations concerning the the coastal fringes and the hinterlands, presence of engraved motifs and symbols the wide estuarine valleys and the [prehis- either on or near monuments. Whilst lim- toric] heaths and moors of north-east and ited references to rock art are made, it is South Wales (Nash 2006a; Nash et al. 2005; not until the publication of J.Y. Simpson’s Sharkey 2004). The later prehistoric rock On Archaic Sculpturings of Cups, Circles, art distribution appears to mirror those Etc. Upon Stones and Rocks in Scotland, landscapes where Neolithic and Bronze England and, other countries in 1867 that Age settlement and ritual activity occurs. specific detail on rock art sites was made 98 Adoranten 2019 (with accompanying illustrations). In this Between the excavation of Barclodiad y volume and for Wales, the only mega- Gawres in the early 1950s and until the lithic sites discussed were Bachwen (also publication of several volumes focusing referred to as Clynnog-Fawr) and the Cal- on Welsh megaliths during the late-1960s, derstones (Liverpool).2 During the latter little research appears to have been un- part of the 19th century and the early part dertaken. The publication of Megalithic of the 20th century when photography Enquiries (Powell et al. 1969) revealed had become the preferred publishable the significance of the rock art from the medium, a series of surveys around Wales two Ynys Môn passage graves (mentioned were undertaken (e.g. Baynes 1910-11; above), as well as reporting on nine Grimes 1936; RCAM 1925, 1937, 1956). shallow cupmarks on the capstone of Ty These surveys provided later scholars with Newydd (Ynys Môn) and the 115+ cup- invaluable information concerning loca- marks on the capstone at Bachwen (on the tion and the state of preservation of se- Llyn Peninsula). lected monuments. In later years though, sites such as Barclodiad y Gawres and Further research concerning rock art oc- Bryn Celli Ddu would reveal their secrets curring on being associated with mega- through systematic excavation and special- lithic sites was also published by Frances ist research (Forde-Johnson 1956; Hemp Lynch (1972) who focused attention on 1930; Lynch 1967; Powell & Daniel 1956). the megalithic monuments of the Nevern Valley in north Pembrokeshire (south- Following Simpson’s accounts, very little in west Wales). Sites such as Trellyffaint and terms of detailed research into prehistoric Trefael (as a footnote) are commented rock art and its association with Neolithic upon. Focusing on the same area in Wales, burial monuments occurred until the Christopher Barker in 1992 provided a late 1920s when there was an intensive detailed gazetteer of sites on megalithic programme of archaeological fieldwork sites, several of which contained rock art. undertaken by W.J.
Recommended publications
  • Archaeology Wales
    Archaeology Wales Proposed Wind Turbine at Nant-y-fran, Cemaes, Isle of Anglesey Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment Adrian Hadley Report No. 1517 Archaeology Wales Limited The Reading Room, Town Hall, Great Oak Street, Llanidloes, Powys, SY18 6BN Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 Email: [email protected] Web: www.arch-wales.co.uk Archaeology Wales Proposed Wind Turbine at Nant-y-fran, Cemaes, Isle of Anglesey Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment Prepared for Engena Ltd Edited by: Kate Pitt Authorised by: Mark Houliston Signed: Signed: Position: Project Manager Position: Managing Director Date: 04.11.16 Date: 04.11.16 Adrian Hadley Report No. 1517 November 2016 Archaeology Wales Limited The Reading Room, Town Hall, Great Oak Street, Llanidloes, Powys, SY18 6BN Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 Email: [email protected] Web: www.arch-wales.co.uk NANT-Y-FRAN TURBINE: ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 1 Introduction This impact assessment has been produced following scoping in order to determine the likely significance of the effect of the proposed development upon the cultural heritage resource within the application site and the wider landscape. The work is intended to form a Cultural Heritage chapter of an Environmental Statement. The proposed scheme comprises a single wind turbine, approximately 77m high to tip of the blade, at Nant-y-fran, Cemaes, Anglesey, LL67 0LS. The impact assessment for the turbine has been commissioned by Engena Limited (The Old Stables, Bosmere Hall, Creeting St Mary, Suffolk, IP6 8LL). The local planning authority is the Isle of Anglesey County Council. The planning reference is 20C27B/SCR.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Works, Big Stories. Methodological Approaches To
    Aberystwyth University Small works, big stories. Methodological approaches to photogrammetry through crowd sourcing experiences Griffiths, Seren; Edwards, Ben; Wilson, Andrew; Karl, Raimund; Labrosse, Frédéric; La Trobe-Bateman, Emily; Miles, Helen; Möller, Katharina; Roberts, Jonathan; Tiddeman, Bernie Published in: Internet Archaeology DOI: 10.11141/ia.40.7.2 Publication date: 2015 Citation for published version (APA): Griffiths, S., Edwards, B., Wilson, A., Karl, R., Labrosse, F., La Trobe-Bateman, E., Miles, H., Möller, K., Roberts, J., & Tiddeman, B. (2015). Small works, big stories. Methodological approaches to photogrammetry through crowd sourcing experiences. Internet Archaeology, 40. https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.40.7.2 Document License CC BY General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Aberystwyth Research Portal (the Institutional Repository) are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Aberystwyth Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Aberystwyth Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. tel: +44 1970 62 2400 email: [email protected] Download date: 25. Mar. 2020 Griffiths, S. et al. (2015) ‘Small Works, Big Stories.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lives of the Saints of His Family
    'ii| Ijinllii i i li^«^^ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Libraru BR 1710.B25 1898 V.16 Lives of the saints. 3 1924 026 082 689 The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026082689 *- ->^ THE 3Ltt3e0 of ti)e faints REV. S. BARING-GOULD SIXTEEN VOLUMES VOLUME THE SIXTEENTH ^ ^ «- -lj« This Volume contains Two INDICES to the Sixteen Volumes of the work, one an INDEX of the SAINTS whose Lives are given, and the other u. Subject Index. B- -»J( »&- -1^ THE ilttieg of tt)e ^amtsi BY THE REV. S. BARING-GOULD, M.A. New Edition in i6 Volumes Revised with Introduction and Additional Lives of English Martyrs, Cornish and Welsh Saints, and a full Index to the Entire Work ILLUSTRATED BY OVER 400 ENGRAVINGS VOLUME THE SIXTEENTH LONDON JOHN C. NIMMO &- I NEW YORK : LONGMANS, GREEN, CO. MDCCCXCVIII I *- J-i-^*^ ^S^d /I? Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson &' Co. At the Ballantyne Press >i<- -^ CONTENTS The Celtic Church and its Saints . 1-86 Brittany : its Princes and Saints . 87-120 Pedigrees of Saintly Families . 121-158 A Celtic and English Kalendar of Saints Proper to the Welsh, Cornish, Scottish, Irish, Breton, and English People 159-326 Catalogue of the Materials Available for THE Pedigrees of the British Saints 327 Errata 329 Index to Saints whose Lives are Given . 333 Index to Subjects . ... 364 *- -»J< ^- -^ VI Contents LIST OF ADDITIONAL LIVES GIVEN IN THE CELTIC AND ENGLISH KALENDAR S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Welsh Classical Dictionary
    A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’).
    [Show full text]
  • Parte a Nombre DNI Núm. Id Investig A.1. Sit Organis Dpto. / C Direcció Teléfon Categor Espec. Palabra A.2. Fo Li Lic. Filo D
    Fecha del CVA 2020 Parte A. DATOS PERSONALES Nombre y Apellidos ARTURO RUIZ RODRIGUEZ DNI Edad Núm. identificación del Researcher ID investiggador Scopus Author ID Código ORCID A.1. Situación profesional actual Organismo Universidad de Jaén Dpto. / Centro Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueoología Iberica Dirección Edif. C6 Campus Las Lagunillas CP 23071 Jaén España Teléfono 683750016 Correo electrónico arruiz ujaen.es Categoría profesional Catedrático Universidad. Area Prehistoria Fecha inicio 1991 Espec. cód. UNESCO Palabras clave A.2. Formación académica (título, institución, fecha) Liicenciatura/Grado/Doctorado Universidad Año Lic. Filosofía y Letras. Geografía e Historia Univ. Granada 1973 Doctor Historia Univ. Granada 1978 A.3. Indicadores generales de calidad de la producción científica -Seis Tramos de Investigación. El último concedido en 2010. -Tesis dirigidas: 13. La ultima en 2019 - Publicaciones en Congresos, Revistas y Editoriales de primer nivel: Ostraka (Perugia), EPOCH Publication, Archivo Español de Arqueología (Madrid), Roman Frontiers Studies, Oxbow Books (Oxford), Routledge studies in archaeology (New York) Quasar(Roma), Hermann (Paris), Bretschneider (Roma), Madrider Mitteilungen (Mainz) Cambridge University Press. Papers of the EAA, Barker and Lloyd, British School at Rome, Studia Celtica (Wales), Complutum, Antiquity, Quaternary Internaational, etc Parte B. RESUMEN LIBRE DEL CURRÍCCULUM Desde 1974 trabajo en el estudio del territorio ibero en el Alto valle del rio Guadalquivir (SE de la Península Ibérica) en el análisis del poblamiento y su desarrollo en función de las formas políticas que formula la aristocracia desde el s. VII al I a.n.e. En ese marco el proyecto de trabajo ha analizado la cconstrucción de los linajes gentilicios clientelares y su evolución hacia formas de dependencia aristocratica y su relación con la aparición del oppidum.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglesey County Council and Gwynedd Council Joint Local Development Plan
    Anglesey County Council and Gwynedd Council Joint Local Development Plan SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL ADDENDUM REPORT December 2016 CONTENTS PAGE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose and Structure of the Report 2.0 SA OF PROPOSED MATTERS ARISING CHANGES 2 3.0 SUMMARY AND NEXT STEPS 2 4.0 SCHEDULES OF MATTERS ARISING CHANGES AND SCREENING 3 OPINION - WRITTEN STATEMENT SA of Proposed Matters Arising Changes Written Statement APPENDIX 1 377 SA Screening housing allocation, Casita, Beaumaris (T32) 5.0 SCHEDULES OF MATTERS ARISING CHANGES AND SCREENING 379 OPINION – PROPOSALS MAPS SA of Proposed Matters Arising Changes Proposal Maps 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Anglesey County Council and Gwynedd Council (the Councils) are currently preparing a Joint Local Development Plan (JLDP) for the Gwynedd and Anglesey Local Planning Authority Areas. The JLDP will set out the strategy for development and land use in Anglesey and Gwynedd for the 15 year period 2011- 2026. It will set out policies to implement the strategy and provide guidance on the location of new houses, employment opportunities and leisure and community facilities. 1.2 The Councils have been undertaking Sustainability Appraisal (SA) incorporating Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) since 2011 to inform the preparation of the JLDP. The SA process for the JLDP has produced the following reports to date: . Scoping Report July 2011 - which should be used for consultation on the scope of the SA/SEA - placed on public consultation on 21/07/2011 for a period of 7 weeks. A notice was placed in local newspapers presenting information regarding the consultation period and invited interested parties to submit written comments about the Report.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Date 30/09/2021 08:59:09
    Reframing the Neolithic Item Type Thesis Authors Spicer, Nigel Christopher Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 30/09/2021 08:59:09 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13481 University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. Reframing the Neolithic Nigel Christopher SPICER Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD Department of Archaeological Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Bradford 2013 Nigel Christopher SPICER – Reframing the Neolithic Abstract Keywords: post-processualism, Neolithic, metanarrative, individual, postmodernism, reflexivity, epistemology, Enlightenment, modernity, holistic. In advancing a critical examination of post-processualism, the thesis has – as its central aim – the repositioning of the Neolithic within contemporary archaeological theory. Whilst acknowledging the insights it brings to an understanding of the period, it is argued that the knowledge it produces is necessarily constrained by the emphasis it accords to the cultural. Thus, in terms of the transition, the symbolic reading of agriculture to construct a metanarrative of Mesolithic continuity is challenged through a consideration of the evidential base and the indications it gives for a corresponding movement at the level of the economy; whilst the limiting effects generated by an interpretative reading of its monuments for an understanding of the social are considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography Updated 2016
    A Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales Select Bibliography Northwest Wales 2016 Neolithic and Earlier Bronze Age Select Bibliography Northwest Wales - Neolithic Baynes, E. N., 1909, The Excavation of Lligwy Cromlech, in the County of Anglesey, Archaeologia Cambrensis, Vol. IX, Pt.2, 217-231 Bowen, E.G. and Gresham, C.A. 1967. History of Merioneth, Vol. 1, Merioneth Historical and Record Society, Dolgellau, 17-19 Burrow, S., 2010. ‘Bryn Celli Ddu passage tomb, Anglesey: alignment, construction, date and ritual’, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, Vol. 76, 249-70 Burrow, S., 2011. ‘The Mynydd Rhiw quarry site: Recent work and its implications’, in Davis, V. & Edmonds, M. 2011, Stone Axe Studies III, 247-260 Caseldine, A., Roberts, J.G. and Smith, G., 2007. Prehistoric funerary and ritual monuments survey 2006-7: Burial, ceremony and settlement near the Graig Lwyd axe factory; palaeo-environmental study at Waun Llanfair, Llanfairfechan, Conwy. Unpublished GAT report no. 662 Davidson, A., Jones, M., Kenney, J., Rees, C., and Roberts, J., 2010. Gwalchmai Booster to Bodffordd link water main and Llangefni to Penmynydd replacement main: Archaeological Mitigation Report. Unpublished GAT report no 885 Hemp, W. J., 1927, The Capel Garmon Chambered Long Cairn, Archaeologia Cambrensis Vol. 82, 1-43, series 7 Hemp, W. J., 1931, ‘The Chambered Cairn of Bryn Celli Ddu’, Archaeologia Cambrensis, 216-258 Hemp, W. J., 1935, ‘The Chambered Cairn Known As Bryn yr Hen Bobl near Plas Newydd, Anglesey’, Archaeologia Cambrensis, Vol. 85, 253-292 Houlder, C. H., 1961. The Excavation of a Neolithic Stone Implement Factory on Mynydd Rhiw, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 27, 108-43 Kenney, J., 2008a.
    [Show full text]
  • Neolithic Resource
    Neolithic Burial Chambers Education Resource Pack Key Stage 2 Literacy, Numeracy, Music, Art, ICT, PSE, Curriculum Cymreig LEARN Neolithic Burial Chambers Education Resource Neolithic burial chambers in Cadw’s care: Curriculum links: Barclodiad-y-Gawres passage tomb, Anglesey Literacy — oracy, developing & presenting Bodowyr burial chamber, Anglesey information & ideas Bryn Celli Ddu passage tomb, Anglesey Numeracy — measuring and data skills Capel Garmon burial chamber, Conwy Music — composing, performing Carreg Coetan Arthur burial chamber, Pembrokeshire Din Dryfol burial chamber, Anglesey Art — skills & range Duffryn Ardudwy burial chamber, Gwynedd Information Communication Technology — Lligwy burial chamber, Anglesey find and analyse information; create & Parc le Breos chambered tomb, Gower communicate information Pentre Ifan burial chamber, Pembrokeshire Personal Social Education — moral & spiritual Presaddfed burial chamber, Anglesey development St Lythans burial chamber, Vale of Glamorgan Curriculum Cymreig — visiting historical Tinkinswood burial chamber, Vale of Glamorgan sites, using artefacts, making comparisons Trefignath burial chamber, Anglesey between past and present, and developing Ty Newydd burial chamber, Anglesey an understanding of how these have changed over time All the Neolithic burial chambers in Cadw’s care are open sites, and visits do not need to be booked in advance. We would recommend that teachers undertake a planning visit prior to taking groups to a burial chamber, as parking and access are not always straightforward. Young people re-creating their own Neolithic ritual at Tinkinswood chambered tomb, Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales cadw.gov.wales/learning 2 Neolithic Burial Chambers Education Resource The Neolithic period • In west Wales, portal dolmens and cromlechs The Neolithic period is a time when farming was dominate, which have large stone chambers possibly introduced and when people learned how to grow covered by earth or stone mounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Nash & Stanford, (Nash & Stanford 2007)
    ciblées sont nécessaires. En ce qui concerne le tourisme well-directed action is needed. Concerning tourism and et la méthodologie de la recherche, l’Université de Gand research methodology, Ghent University will examine examinera les possibilités de méthodes simples et ren- the possibilities of simple and cost-effective methods tables adaptées aux besoins des populations locales. adapted to the needs of the indigenous population. Remerciements !CKNOWLEDGMENTS Les auteurs tiennent à remercier le soutien financier apporté par The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provi- l’IWT et FWO-Flandres, qui nous ont aidés à organiser nos expéditions ded by IWT and FWO-Flanders, which helped us to organize our expe- et la recherche en laboratoire. Nous tenons également à remercier l’Uni- ditions and the desk-based research. We also wish to thank the Gorno versité d’État Gorno Altaisk pour le travail de terrain commun. Altaisk State University for the joint fieldwork. Gertjan PLETS1, Wouter GHEYLE2 & Jean BOURGEOIS3 1 Department of Archaeology, University Ghent – [email protected] 2 Department of Archaeology, University Ghent – [email protected] 3 Head of the Department of Archaeology, University Ghent – [email protected] BIBLIOGRAPHIE BOURGEOIS I., HOOF L.V., CHEREMISIN D., 1999. — Découverte de pétroglyphes dans les vallées de Sebystei et de Kalanegir (Gorno-Altai). INORA, 22, p. 6-13. CASSEN S., ROBIN G., 2010. — Recording Art on Neolithic Stelae and Passage Tombs from Digital Photographs. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 17, p. 14. CHANDLER J.H., BRYAN P., FRYER J.G., 2007. — The Development and Application of a Simple Methodology for Recording Rock Art Using Consumer-Grade Digital Cameras.
    [Show full text]
  • Origins and Prehistory of Wales: Interpretation Plan
    Contents A pan Wales approach to interpreting the prehistoric past Page 1 • Introduction to the Interpretation Plan • Approach to the Plan and its recommendations • Interpretation Plan methodology • Delivering the Interpretation Plan Challenges for interpreting the Origins and Prehistory of Wales Page 5 • Understanding the issues and challenges for interpretation • A simplified chronology • Visual timeline – illustration • Communicating time and key events Audiences for interpretation Page 11 • What we know – current intelligence • The potential • The strategic context • Wales Tourism Strategy • Wales Walking Tourism Strategy • The Wales Spatial Plan • Regional Tourism Strategies • Visit Britain Culture & Heritage Topic Profile • Intelligence for digital audiences and interpretive media • Implications for Origins and Prehistory: target audiences, interpretive media approach Resources (site and collections) and site audits Page 23 • Introduction • Types of sites and monuments • Artefacts • Other resources • Site visits and audits • Emotional auditing • Site response comparisons – emotional audit • Map of sites Developing appealing content and ‘destinations’ Page 29 • Providing context • Strategic approaches to promotion and presentation The Origins and Prehistory of Wales: a strategic approach to interpretation Prepared by Carolyn Lloyd Brown FTS MAHI & David Patrick for Cadw May 2011 Interpretation Framework Page 33 • Interpretive aims • Storyline appeal and interpretive content • A sense of shared ancestry and identity • Interpretive
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of Regionality in the Iron Age Settlements and Landscape of West Wales
    STONES, BONES AND HOMES: An Examination of Regionality in the Iron Age Settlements and Landscape of West Wales Submitted by: Geraldine Louise Mate Student Number 31144980 Submitted on the 3rd of November 2003, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of a Bachelor of Arts with Honours Degree School of Social Science, University of Queensland This thesis represents original research undertaken for a Bachelor of Arts Honours Degree at the University of Queensland, and was completed during 2003. The interpretations presented in this thesis are my own and do not represent the view of any other individual or group Geraldine Louise Mate ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Declaration ii Table of Contents iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Abstract ix Acknowledgements x 1. The Iron Age in West Wales 1 1.1 Research Question 1 1.2 Area of Investigation 2 1.3 An Approach to the Iron Age 2 1.4 Rationale of Thesis 5 1.5 Thesis Content and Organisation 6 2. Perspectives on Iron Age Britain 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Perspectives on the Iron Age 7 2.2.1 Progression of Interpretations 8 2.2.2 General Picture of Iron Age Society 11 2.2.3 Iron Age Settlements and Structures, and Their Part in Ritual 13 2.2.4 Pre-existing Landscape 20 2.3 Interpretive Approaches to the Iron Age 20 2.3.1 Landscape 21 2.3.2 Material Culture 27 2.4 Methodology 33 2.4.1 Assessment of Methods Available 33 2.4.2 Methodology Selected 35 2.4.3 Rationale and Underlying Assumptions for the Methodology Chosen 36 2.5 Summary 37 iii 3.
    [Show full text]