9372 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 4 Mr. McGEHEE: Committee on ·claims. By Mr. GORDON: By Mr. GROSS: H. R. 850. A bill for the reli_ef of Sybil H. R. 4274. A bill to provide for the dis­ H. R. 4282. A bill for the relief of Vera Georgette Townsend; without amendment charge of fathers; to the Committee on Mili­ Frances Elicker; to the Committee on Im­ (Rept. No. 1052). Referred to the Committee tary Affairs. migration and Naturalization. of the Whole House. By Mr. LANE: Mr. CHENOWETH: Committee on Claims. H. R. 4275. A bill to provide for the im­ ~ETITIONS, ETC. H. R. 1234. A bill 1 for the relief of Percy mediate discharge from the armed forces of Allen; with amendment (Rept. No. 1053). members thereof who have been awarded the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Referred to the Committee of the Whole Purple Heart or are entitled to that award; and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk House. to the Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. FERNANDEZ: Committee on Claims. and referred as follows: By Mr. LANHAM: 1225. By Mr. DONDERO: 'Fetition of citi­ H. R. 1841. A bill for the relief of Adolphus H. R. 4276, A bill to provide for the con­ M. Holman; without amendment (Rept. No. zens of Pontiac, Oakland County, Mich., urg­ struction of public buildings and for other ing the passage of the so-called Pace bill and 1054). Referred· to the Committee of the purposes; to the Committee on Public Build- Whole House. the Bryson bill (H. R. 2082) . prohibiting the ings and Grounds. · · · sale of alcoholic beverages in the vicinity of Mr. McGEHEE: Committee on Claims. . By Mt:. LECOMPTE: H. R. 1960. A bill for the relief of the estate camps; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 4277. A bill providing for discharge of 1226. By Mr. McGREGOR: Petition urging of Alfred Lewis Casson, deceased, and others; remaining sons in a family where one son has with amendment (Rept. No. 1055). Referred influence be used to see that justice is meted lost his life in the armed services; to the out to our subdued enemies, as well as ex­ to the Committee of the Whole House. Committee on Military Atrairs. Mr. CASE of New Jersey: Committee on 1 tended to us, in bringing war criminals to c:::Iaims. H : R. 1978. A bill for the relief of By Mr. LUDLOW: trial and meting out the punishment nec­ Jay H. McCleary; with amendment (Rept. H. R. 4278. A bill to amend the act of July essary to blot out forever the chances of No. 1056) . Referred to the Committee of the 6, 1945, relating to compensation of postal another devastating war; to the Committee Whole House. · employees, so as to provide for giving appro­ on Military Affairs. Mr. HOOK: Committee on Claims. H. R. pPi.ate credit for periods of past service in the 1221_. By the SPEAKER: Petition of State 2290. A bill for the relief of Mary Galipeau; making of assignments to salary grades; to Department ' of Polish-American Congress, with amendment (Rept. No. 1057). Referred the Committee on the Post Office and Post Inc., petitioning consideration of their reso­ to the Committee of the Whole House. Roads. lution with reference to their endorsement Mr. HEDRICK: Committe-e on Claims. By Mr. LANE: for constitutional relief for Poland; to the H. R. 2401. A bill for the relief of Hannah . H. R. 4279. A bill authorizing an appropria­ Committee on Foreign Affairs. Hidde and Doris Hidde; with amendment tion of $50,000 for research with respect to (Rept. No. 1058). Referred to the Committee the cause and cure of hay fever; to the Com­ of the Whole House. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Mr. RAMEY: Committee on Claims. H. R. By Mr. MAY: 2431. A bill for the relief of Monite Water­ H. R , 4280. A bill for the development and SENATE proof Glue Co.; with amendment (Rept. No. control of atomic energy; to the Committee 1059). Referred · to the Committee of the on 1\{ilitary Affairs. THURSDAY, Oq:OBER 4, 1945 Whole House. : By Mr. BUFF'ETT: Mr. HOOK: Committee on Claims. H. R.- H. J. Res. 250. Joint resolution to provide (Legislative day of Tuesday, October 2544. A bill for the relief of Willie Hines; the .Congress with information concerning ' 2, 1945) with. amendment (Rept. No. 1060). Referred financial commitments to foreign nations; to to the Committee of the Whole House. the Committee on Expenditures in the Execu­ The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridia~ Mr. PITTENGER: Committee on Claims. tive Departments. on the expiration of the recess. H. R.· 2748. A bill for the relief of the By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Dubuque & Wisconsin Bridge Co.; without H. J. Res. 251. Joint resolution providing Harris, D. D., offered the following amendment (Rept. No. 1061). Referred to fo'r the bringing to the United States of the prayer: the Committee of the Whole House. bodies of two unknown Americans, who were Mr. COLE of Kansas: Committee on Claims. members of the American forces who served Most merciful God, who art the foun- · H. R. 2826. A bill for the relief of Esther one in the European theater of war and the tain of all grace, the source ·of all wis- · · L. Berg; with amendment (Rept. No. 1062). other in the Pacific theater of war and lost dom and goodness, we would lift our eyes Referred to the Committee of the Whole th'eir lives during Warld War II, and for the to the infinite .Plue of Thy love which · House. . burial of the remains with appropriate ·cere­ arches each new day and rest our souls Mr." HEDRICK: Committee on Claims. monies;_to the Committee on Military Affairs. H. R. 2962. A bill for the relief of Justin By Mr. DINGELL: on the assurance that transfiguring even P. Hopkins; with amendment (Rept. No. H. J. Res. 252. Joint resolution approving the darkest cloud there is the radiant 1063). Referred to the Committee of the the agreement between the United States and bow · of Thy promise. Near the forum, Whole House. Canada relating to the Great Lakes-St. with its din and clash of human in­ Mr. RAMEY: Committee on Claims. H. R. Lawrence Basin with the exception of cer­ terests, may we keep an altar where a 3094. A bi,ll conferring jurisdiction upon tain provisions thereof; expressing the sense constant -sense of the eternal may save the Court of Claims of the United States to of the Congress with respect to the nego­ us ·from spiritual decay, from moral consider and render judgment on the claims tiation of certain t.reaties; authorizing the cowardice, and from any betrayal of of the Zephyr Aircraft Corp. against the investigation through the Department of the highest public good. In the dear· United States; with amendment (Rept. No. State and with- Canada of the feasibility of 1064) . Referred to the Committee of the making the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence sea­ Redeemer's name. Amen. Whole House. way self-liquidating; and for other purposes; THE JOURNAL Mr. CASE of New Jersey: Committee on to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Claims: H R. 3135. A bill for the relief of By Mr. ROBERTSON of North Dakota: ori request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by Mrs. Addie S. Lewis; without amendment H. J. Res. 253. Joint resolution approving unanimous consent, the reading of the (Rept. No. 1065). Referred to the Committee the. agreement, between the United States Journal of the proceedings of the cal'en­ of the Whole House. and Canada relating to the Great Lakes-St. dar day Wed.llesday, October 3, 1945, was Lawrence Basin with the exception of cer­ dispensed with, and the Journal was PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS tain provisions thereof; expressing the sense approved. of. the Congress with respect to the negotia­ MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public bills tion of certain treaties; authorizing the in­ anp resolutions were introduced and vestigation through the Department of . Messages in writing from the President severally referred as follows: State and with Canada of the feasibility of · of the United States submitting nomina­ By Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN: making the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence sea­ tions were communicated to the Senate H. R. 4271. A bill to establish an import way self-liquidating; and for other purposes; by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries. quota on butter; to the Committee -on Ways to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. and Means. LEAVES OF ABSENCE By Mr. BUNKER: Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I ask H. R. 4272, A bill to provide for court review PRIVATE BILLS" AND RESOLUTIONS unanimous consent to be excused from of certain judgments of general courts mar­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private the Senate commencing this noon until tial of the Army; to the Committee on Mili­ bills and resolutions were introduced and tary Affairs. Tuesday morning. I . may say that the H. R. 4273. A bill to provide for court re­ severally referred as follows: reason for this request is that I have an vie-w of certain judgments of general courts By Mr. ENGLE of California: important engagement in North Dakota ' martial of the Navy; to the Committee on H. R. 4281. A bill for the relief of Nevada with the Surplus War Property Adminis­ Naval Affairs. County, Calif.; to the Committee on Claims. trator dealing with surplus property. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9373

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ EXECUTIVE CO~IDNICATIONS, ETC. "Whereas the Atlantic Charter respects the rights of peoples to choose the form of out objection, the r€quest of the Senator The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ all from North Dakota is granted. government under which they will· live and fore the Senate - the frganization, held on JOHN W. HESELTON." of the Secretary of State and the Secretary of September 30, 1945, in Lithuanian Hall, Athol, " . . LONGINAS L. SVELNIS, the Interior. Mass., the delegates from the New England President. Sincerely yours, councils unanimously· adopted the following TILLIE AuKSTIKALNIS, HARR~ S. TRUMAN, resolutions:. Secreta1'1f. 9374 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE' OCTOBER 4 RESOLUTION OF GREEN BAY _(WIS.) from among 'the sons of officers, soldiers, · Mr. WHITE. That, added to the Sen­ NAVY CLUB sailors, and marines who have been awarded ator's in.sistence, is sufficient. the Congressional Medal of Honor; with Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I ask amendments (Rept. No. 623) . . The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is unanimous consent to present for appro­ By Mr. O'MAHONEY, from the Committee there objection to the immediate con­ priate reference and printing in the on Military Affairs: sideration of the concurrent resolution? RECORD a resolution adopted by the Navy H. R. 1868. A bill authorizing appoint._ ments to the United States Military Acad­ There being no objection, the concur­ Club of the United States, Ship No. 18, rent resolution was considered and Green BaY, Wis., requesting the Navy emy and the United States Naval Academy of sons of members of the land or naval agreed to. Department to return to. Green Bay, forces of the United States who were killed in Wis., the U. s .- C; 432 or some similar action or have died of wounds or injuries ELIZABETH C. BYRNE ship, and that a nanal reserve district received, or disease contracted, in active Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, from the be reestablished in Green Bay, Wis., the service during the present war, and for other Committee to Audit and Control the former home of the Thirty-fourth Di­ purposes; with an amendment (Rept. No. vision, United States Naval Reserve 624). Contingent Expenses of the Senate, . I Corps, a upit which is now in active ask unanimous consent to report favor­ PRINTING O:f ADDITIONAL COPIES OF ably without amendment Senate Reso­ naval service of the United States. HEARING OF COMMITTEE ON IRRIGA­ There being no objection, the resoln­ lution 174, for which I ask present con­ TION AND RECLAMATION ON MISSOURI sideration. ' tion received was referred to the Com­ VALLEY AUTHORITY mittee on Naval Affairs, and ordered to There being no objection, the resolu­ be printed in the RECORD, as follows: Mr. HAYDEN .. Mr. President, from tion

Annual rate of Name of individual Address Kame and adC:ress of department or orgenization by whom paid com pen· sation

Mrs. Alma B. KidwelL ______113 Park Blvd. SE------~------·------~----· Federal Communications Commission------·------· n, 800

B. K. WHEELER, Chairman. BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION (Mr. MEAD introduced Sznate Joint Reso­ istration of the prlce control, rent con­ INTRODUCED lution 106, which was referred to the Com­ trol, and rationing programs, was read mittee on Banking and Currency, and appears Bills and a joint resolution were intro­ under a separate heading.} twice by its title and referred to the Com­ duced, read the first time, and, by unani­ mittee on Banking and Currency. mous consent, the second time, and re­ CERTIFICATES OF MERIT FOR VOLUN­ Mr. MEAD. Mr. President, in expla­ ferred as follows: TARY W:ORKERS ON LOCAL PRICE AND nation of the _joint resolution, I desire to RATIONI~G BOARDS say a few words. ' By Mr. McFARLAND: S: 1464.· A bill making the 14th day of Mr. MEAD. Mr. President, I ask unan- . The people of this country owe an August in each year a legal holiday; , to the imous consent- to introduce. for appro­ everlasting debt' of gratitu{le to the Committee on the Judiciary. priate reference a joint resolution, which thousands of. men a.nd women who have By Mr. ANDREWS: I send to the desk. served so long and so faithfully on out S. 1465. A bill extending certain recogni­ · The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ local war price and rationing boards. tion and rights to temporary members of the out objection, the joint resolution intro­ For nearly 4 years, more than a quarter United States Coast Guard Reserve, includ­ of a million of them nave wcirk::!d with­ ing the Voluntary Port Security. Force, and duced by .the Senator from New York member& of the Coast· Guard Auxiliary; to . Will be received and appropriately re- · out compensation, without regard · for the Committee on Naval Affairs. ferred. personal time and sacrifice, and at times By Mr. WALSH: , ·. The join.t .resolution Uccescful conclusion of the war, many ' VENT INFLATION AND BRING FAIRER DISTRIBU­ 400,000 board members and their ­ of. the restrictions are no longer neces­ TI ON OF S~JARCE GooDS ants contributed 10,000,000 man-hours sary-gasoline is no lo,nger rationed; fuel (By Alexander P. George) on the job of rationing food, gasoline, oil is more plentiful; meat, butter, and OPA, whipping boy of the Government's tires, Lhoes, and otfier commodities to the other staple foods are in greater-supply, war agencies, set three records that probably people in their communities. Along wlth and all of us anticipate a return to the will stand for a long, long time: full joy of all of God's bounty in this, 1. It did more to regulate the everyday liv­ the rationing job, these uncompensated ing of millions of Americans than any other workers have had the difficult task of at- ­ the greatest land on earth. ' agency in_ history. 1 tempting to keep price3 stable in their We can remember in years to come 2. It was on the receiving end of more own communities. All of this was ac­ that these Americans are living proof of verbal briclrbats than any organizl.tion ever complished in true democratic fashic~. the true meaning of America-democ­ set up to help the country in an emergency. within the framework of our Constitu­ racy. We can remember that their ef­ . 3. It was blamed for doing more things that tion, the very framework which Hitler forts for the past 4 years are a glowing· it didn't do than any agency, including even said was too cumbersome and unwieldy example of what Americans can accom­ the unpopular prohibition enforcement au­ plish .bY working together and for each thority. to successfully combat his regimented OPA-Office of Price Administration-was dictatorship. The people, through Con­ other. They have truly shown us de­ designated as a · wartime agency, but is au­ gre~s. enacted the necessary laws to wage mocracy in action. thorized to work agaim:t postwar inflation an all-out war. These same people, your More than this, we -can try. to repay and collapse such as followed World War I. neighbors and mine, are the ones to our debt to them by continuing to co­ So it is concentrating on trying to keep prices whGm we owe this debt of· gratitude for operate with those who will -remain -to controlled until supply and demand .are fairly the splendid job that they did, many complete and write "finis" to-the final well balanced. It also continues to ration chapter of wartime rationing. scarce essential goods. times at great personal sacrifice and Says OPA Administrator Chester Bowles: without _any financial gain, in perform­ I hope the joint resolution will receive "I'll be more glad to get rid of regulations ing all of the detail work necessary to in­ favorable committee consideration and -than anyone in the United States. But it's sure the success of the local war price that before the story of the war is fully our duty to keep them until their removal and rationing boards. written these unselfish patriotic people can be safely accomplished without unfair With the end of rationing now in sight, who devoted so many -hours to this very distribution of scarce goods or the danger necessary work will be recognized by the that prices will shoot upward as , they did many of these volunteers are able to after World War I." accept an "honorable discharge.'; Cer­ Congress and that they will be given the tainly it is our. duty and obligation to citation of merit (or which the joint reso­ EIGHT MILLION ITEMS RATIONED acknowledge the fight they have so suc­ lution calls. Funds are available to continue OPA until cessfully waged on our home front just Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ June 30, 1946. Its rationing power ends De­ as we are acknowledging the courageous sent to have printed in the RECORD as a cember 31 unless extendeg by law. S:>me part of my remarks, an article from the Members of Congress urge that OPA be fight of the men and women who won abolished now. the war on the fighting fronts. Atlanta Constitution of September 6, President Truman could close it out any For, without a doubt, the people who 1945, entitled "A Cheer for the OPA time. However, he recently issued an or­ served on our more than 5,500 local Workers," which is in keeping with the der to "hold the cost-of-livin_g line." More­ boards are responsible in substantial purposes of the resolution, and an article over, sugar is likely to be rationed for an­ measure for this Nation's glorious vic­ from the Washington Sunday Star of other year, and there will be pressure to keep September 9, 1945, entitled "OPA Car­ rent controls in some areas for several tory. It is they who helped tune our months. · vital transportation system _to wartime rles on Despite Abuse," which gives a historical record of the wartime activi­ OPA price regulations have covered almost tempo and kept. it in continual motion. everything the typical American family buys, It is they who so unselfishly volunteered ties of the Office of Price Administration eats, wears and uses. They applied to wme to see that the American people were and rationing. 8,000,000 different commodities and services, able to g-et a fair share of food and other There being no objection, the articles from eggs and onions to shoe shines, plano war-scarce supplies at fair prices. I do were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tuning, and funerals. not believe that any one of us can ever as follows: It regulated r tall levels the prices of goods fully appreciate the tremendous job they [From the Atlanta Constitution of Septem­ b~ught and sold by some 3,000,000 establish­ have done nor can we ever fully repay ber 6, 1945] ments. It controlled rentals for some 15,0~0.- A CHEER FOR THE OPA WORKERS 000 dwelling units-houses, apartments, and them in words or citations. rooms in hotels and buarding houses-in 382 Nevertheless, we can· in a small meas­ As tllc pressure of war eases, it is quite defense rental areas where some 92,000,000 ure give outward manifestation of cur likely that personal tensions will ease. persons lived. · · appreciation for the arduous· labors When that h appens the public will be more generous with its estimate of OPA, wliich, CONSTANT TARGET OF CRITICISM which these citizens so willingly gave in despite admitted errors .and bungles, has When the war ended, OPA was administer­ the fight for victory. Accordingly, I am done a magnificent cervice, and will continue ing 10 rationing pro::;rams. It handled 13 offering a resolution in the Senate, ac­ to do so in the declining emergency. major rationing programs in all. This in­ knowledging the patriotic contribution Because of OPA and other controls, tlle volved the printin g and distribution of one made by the~c uncompencated and vol- dollar continued to buy more than twice hund;:ed an d twen ty-eight to onu hundred

/ 9376 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 4 and thirty-one million copies of each of four - ing public billions of dollars. He says there would also require the certification of death war ration books; of millions of gasoline and still is "a dangerous gap between sudden vic­ and . personal injury claims to t'he Congress fuel-oil rationing books; and hundreds of tory and sound prosperity," and has asked in the same manner as is now provided in thousands of purchase certificates for autos, for "cool heads and continued cooperation of the bill for claims of more than $5,000. tires, and other rationed goods. business, workers, farmers, and consumers OPA was an almost constant target of criti­ to see the stabilization job through." PRINTING OF COMPILATION OF CERTAIN dsm by Members of Congress, businessmen, DOCUMENTS ON SURRENDER OF GER­ farmers, and t.he general public. Its officials Rationing cnronology of the OPA MANY AND JAPAN were denounced as "bungling bureaucrats,'' Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, in "long-haired professors," the "slide-rule Rationing Rationing boys,'' "Roosevelt's gestapo,'' · "czars," and began ended this hour of military triumph, the United ''Communists." Nations stand forth as the greatest al­ OPA was blamed by some people for the Tires______J an. 5, 1942 liance of comrades-in-arms-the strong­ shortage of nylon stockings, for rancid butter, Autos______Feb. 26,1942 ------(~y-- --- est force for waging war in all recorded chilly houses, the lack of banana splits. Typewriters______Mar. 13,1942 Apr. 27, 1944 history. Invincible in war, this mighty It was accused of depriving babies of diapers Sugar_------May 5, 1942 ------­ Gasoline: brotherhood of nations will become an and of taking Christmas trees away from little In East______May 15, 1942 ------equally powerful association for the res­ children. It was bawled out for the scarcity Nation-wide ______Dec. 1.1942 Aug. 15,1945 of alarm clocks and girdles, for Jimmy Byrnes' Bicycles ______July 9, 1942 Sept. 23,1944 toration of order to the world and the midnight curfew, and f9r' closing the race Men's rubber boots and preservation of the peace so bitterly won. work shoes______Oct. 5, 1942 ------­ tracks. Fuel oil: The beginning of the peace is signal­ When the draft of 18-year-old boys went In East______Oct. 1, 1942 ------ized by the unconditional surrender- of into effect, OPA offices in various sections of Nation-wide _____ ,:-___ Mar. 14,1943 Aug. 15,1945 Coffee ______Nov. 29, HJ42 July 29,1943 the enemy. It is proper, therefore, that the country received letters and phone calls a compilation of the surrender docu­ buating the agency for "making our boys go StoYes: In 30 States_------Dec. 19, 1942 ------­ ments be printed with accompanying to war." Nation-wide_·------Aug. 24,1943 ------Dur.ing the cigarette famine, a man com· Coal·and wood ______------Oct. 15,1944 addresses and statements of the Presi­ OiL------Aug. 15,1945 dent of the. United States, the supreme plained to a district OPA office. Informed Shoes ______Feb. 1!, 1943 ------that cigarettes were not rationed and OPA P{ocessed foods ______Mar. 1,1943 Aug. 15,1945 commanders and of the defeated leaders. has no control ove.r the supply, he said, "If Meats and fats______Mar. 29, 1943 ------I, therefore, ask that such compilation that's true, then what the hell do all your . prepared under the direction of the Sec­ employees do .with their time?" 1 WPB undecided yet whether new autos will be retary of the Senate, by the Senate CREATED IN APRIL 194.1 rationed. Library, be printed as a Senate document. OPA was created in April 1941 by Execu­ !\fERITORIOUS CLAIMS OF CERTAIN RESI­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is tive order · of President Roosevelt.. It was · DENTS OF GUAM-AMENDMENTS there objection to the request of the first designated the Office of Price Adminis­ Senator from Kentucky? The chair tration and Civilian Supply. In August Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, on be­ 1941 the name was changed to Office of Price half of the Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT] hears none, and it is so ordered. Administration, and control of civilian sup· and myself, I ask unanimous consent . FULL EMPLOYMENT-STATEMENT BY plies was transferred to the War Production· to submit, for appropriate reference, SENATOR O'MAHONEY Board. . - amendments intended to be proposed to In January 1942 WPB delegated the re· [Mr. O'MAHONEY asked · and obtained sponsibility for rationing to OPA. the bill

rates on a large ·amount of material being is given to this bill. I have a very good idea I submit, some governmental act ion should exported, and these rates were subject to that many more interesting facts than are be taken to have these tariffs published in land-grant iieductions the same as any other shown in these hearings would be brought such a manner that not only they, but the shipments in many cases. There was, how- to light. Time and . space did not permit general public as well, could determine the - ever, a provision in the export tariff which extended research. Apparently the state­ proper rates in reasonable time and with stated that to be entitled to the export rates · ments so made by men who know this prob­ reasonable effort. .A,s a matter of fact, I published within the tariff, the shipment in­ lem wer~ made extempOraneously and more believe that the Transportation Act, even volved "must not leave the possession of the from memory and excellent knowledge than now, provides for such clearness and sim­ _;-ail carrier until delivered to the common from prepared transcript. Not being a mem­ plicity in publication of tariffs. That matter -carrier by ocean at the port of embarl"..ation, ber of that committee, I could not say. But might also be looked into. However, the and the responsibility of the rail carrier shall I am told that this is a fact. I say a very point I was going to make was that if there cease upon such delivery." Of course, the extended research should be made into this is such difficulty in determining the proper Government was obliged to take over all entire situation, and by men who. are work­ land-grant deduction.s, and such involved ships of the American lines for war purposes, ing on the auditing of railroad bills, and who procedures and lengthy accounting and ad­ and on this technicality, that there were no are familiar with the goings-on of the entire justments as they portray, then the simplest longer any common carriers by ocean, these situation. It would seem to me that they and most satisfactory solution would oe to railroads immediately saw an opportunity would be the ones who would know the most substitute for . these land-grant deductions to profit thereby and began to assess the do­ -about it. a fiat reduction of say 15 percent on all mestic rates on all shipments, whether ,for Here is another circumstance to consider, traffic which is now entitled to land-grant export or not. In other words, Mr. Pre~ident, as indicated on page 203 of the hearings: deductions. Surely anyone could figure 15 they were so patriotic that they were willing When war broke out the Army had in its percent on any amount without a gr~at deal to charge their own Government much possession many thousands of vehicles of all of trouble. Then not only the railroads, but higher rates · than they willingly theretofore kinds-trucks, passenger cars, tanks, etc. the shippers, consumers, and everybody B(;cepted for the same service from, in many All of these had to' be moved from one place would have a full and complete knowledge cases, our present enemies. And now they to another-in many cases across the conti­ of the proper rates to ~;tpply insofar as the come to this body and ask for that patri!)tic nent. Now, I don't think anyone could deny deductions are concerned. Also it would service a present of from two hundred and that these were used or second-hand vehicles, eliminate a tremendous amount of work not fifty to three hundred million dollars per yet, when shipped, the railroads charged for only for the railroads, but the Government year. Oh, they say, but section 22 .quotations and were paid on tt.e basis of new vehicles and everybody concerned. It would elim­ made retroactive to January 1, 1942, gave ~he right off the line. inate endless accounting for all parties and Government the advantage of the export-rates That practice, I understand, still prevails save many, many man-hours of time and, even back to that time. But what they do today. Mr. President, I submit to you that it would seem to me to be more satisfactory not tell us is that in each section 22 quota­ is entirely inexcusable. In the' first place, to all parties., I can see no reasonable ob­ tion they are very careful to mention the 1f these vehicles were absolutely new and jection to this proposal by anyone, Mr. fact that the rates quoted here are not sub­ from the factory, they should, by their stur­ President, either in Government or outside. ject to land-,.grant deduction." Then the men dier construction. their lac.k of fine finishes, Retrogressing again, if I may for a mo­ who handle these details for the Government and their all-around insusceptibility to dam­ ment, I want to ·bring up a statement made are obliged to make the· best of the situatlon age as easily as ordinary vebicles, be entitled since the preparation of these remarks was as they see fit, and I am advised that the al­ to a much lower rate. I am told that even begun; a statement purportedly made ac- ternative is to use the domestic rates to the on a huge number of these vehicles that have . cording to the newspaper caption, by James ports of embarkation, minus the land-gr~nt been damaged, wrecked, or in some the Donohue, L. & N. general dOunsel, before a deductions, which invariably gives a better wheels and motors taken out and the vehi­ civic club in a midwestern city on Novem­ result than these section 22 quotations. · cles shipped in to some· central point for ber 30, just past. The big headlines over Another interesting item, as shown on page repairs, they stlll pay the new-v..ehicle rate this statement read, "Present Laws Harm 201 of the hearings: Prior to June 1, 1942, thereon. These things are positively prepos­ "Railroads-Urges Three Changes."- ·Haning TCFB freight tariff No. 29, west-bound, ex­ ter_ous. I submit, Mr. President, that 1f the . the tremendous wartime job being done by port, carried rates on various Iron and steel Office of· Defense Transportation were not the railroads, despite the handicap of less article$, inclucling steel of all kinds. How­ saturated with men who are in entire sym­ equipment than was available· during tbe ever, on June 1, 1942. the carriers inserted in pathy with everything the railroads do such First World War, James J. Donohue, general that tartff by supplement .22. item 1348, an conditions could not possibly exist. attorney for the L. & N. Railroad, told the item reading: "Rates authorized under head Now, there can be no doubt that the rates Kiwanis Club yesterday that with the vol­ of 'Iron and steel, articles of' do not· ap­ on many of the items shippeq by the Govern­ -ume o.f traffic reduced after victory, present ply on the following articles of armament: ment were made during peacetimes, when legislation burdening the railroads' finan­ Armor plate, deck plat~. conning towers, there was little or no movement of that kind cial structure must be relaxed. Chief among collning tower tubes, turret tubes, signal of materials, and as a Tesult -of which the these he declared, are: towers, or siding hoods." The rates pl'eVi­ · rates were naturally made high, which would 1. The present· social security law, into ously carried in this tariff "were quite low be the case on any commodity of small move­ which fund the railroads have paid more but entirely in line with the class of com­ ment, but there is no excuse whatever to · than one-half billion dollars, an amount suf­ modity covered. The insertion of the above continue these hlgh rates on present ton­ ficient to pay benefits at the normal rate for clause in the tart1I had the eilect of forcing nage, and in some cases the rates have been 50 years. the Govermnent to ship all the articles men­ even increased. These are all matters that 2. The so-called land-grant laws on Fed­ timied above at class rates, which are · very should be thoroughly gone into before any eral statute books for more than 75 years. much higher, in many cases as much as 100 action such as contemplated by this bill is · 3. The majority of State laws which re­ to 200 percent higher and in snme cases even taken. There ls no rush-no need for thls quire railroads to pay high percentage of more. For instance, the xate prior to June 1, legislation to be rushed through without costs for separati6n of grades. 1942, from eastern seaboard points to the Pa­ f'.lrther consideration. The railroads are Calling the railroad social-security law, cific coast for export was 63 cents per h~­ maklng more money than ever in history which requires the railroads to pay _3 per­ dredweight. The above-mentioned clause and are in no financial need whatever. · cent of the pay roll into the fund a travesty, inserted in the tariff had the effect -of bring­ I might observe in passing that even the ·Mr. "Donohue urged an amendment that ing the rate on some of these items up to truck lines are willing to.have thls blll passed, would end all payments until the reserve is $3.63 per hundredweight. so the rates of the railroads on Government depleted to $150,000,000. The land-grant law The same prohibitive clause is included ln materials will be higher. T.aey (the truck he declared requires the railroads to trans­ the tariff covering domestic rates to those lines) can then, of course, cut under the rail port United States property, and mail; and points. In other wordS, Mr. President, they rates and get some busine~ for themselv£:J members of the anned forces at one-half are not wllling to give to their own Govern­ Which they are not now perhaps getting 1n normal rates, for soine 130,000,000 acres of ment, even in a time of cri:""s, the same rates some cases. It's a cutthroat business, Mr. lands, largest of which are in the West and which they are willing to accord any other President. · South. ••This land was a dru~ on the market," shipper or ~nsumer. The evidence is plain, One of the main reasons, in fact the one ~ he continues,' "prior to the coming Qf the Mr. President--the very articles which the -on which these proponents have laid the rails. Prior to that time the Government · Government, and the Governm-ent only at mos'; stress for the passage of this bill, is was willing to sell it at $2.63 per acre_" This the present, would use . in huge quantities the fact, as they claim, that not they them- is I might point out, at qmte a variance with they specifically make higher rates on. . selve1 who ·make and compile the tariffs, nor the statement of one of their witnesses in Nothing mo're nor less, I must observe, than the shippers who ·ship the goods are ca­ fact the vice president of the American As­ a plain case Qf discrimination against the pable of determining what rates and what sociation of Railroads, as sbown on page ~8 Government of the United States. These land-grant deductions to apply to shipments of the House hearings on this bill stated in are facts, Mr. ·President, not hearsay. The involved. That is qutte an -admission, Mr. speaking of the value of the lands granted evidence is on the records. Ca,ll in, if you President. Do they mean to say that they "97 cents was fixed at the time of the grant.". please, men from -the Accounting Office and who themselves make these rates and publish That is Mr. Presid.ent, 97 cents .r:er acre. Now verify these statements·. I repeat again that the tariffs, make thell! so complicated that here is a statement by another railroad rep­ thls whole matter of Government tran....<'J)or­ after they are published they cannot them­ resentative that the lands were for sale at tation should be thoroughly investigated by selves determine .the proper application l2.60 per acre. ·I might suggest that the two all means, now, before further consideration thereof? U that be true, then by all means, witnesses get together and compare figurest

.. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9393 establish a common value' so there will be no history, and with the $3,995,000,000 revenue as proclaimed by the President or declared such great variance of opinion in the state­ of 1939, the 'last year before the United States by concurrent resolution of the two Houses ments. That is just an observation in pass­ started heavy production for the European of Congress, whichever is the earlier. ing. Now the article quoting Mr. Donohue war.. Based on these revenue fl.gur~s. the continues: "Mr. Donohue also said that a r.ailroads w111 employ 1,000,000 to 1,100,000 I do not anticipate for one moment, rate increase which would bring the rail­ during reconversion and 1,140,000 to 1,225,000 and I have not anticipated, that the roads $426,000,000 was suspended by the ICC, in the postwar years. They are now employ­ President would by proclamation declare and that at the time that was not protested ing 1,400,000.:' the cessation of hostilities in the war by the railroads. Now," he said, "the rail com­ Now Mr. .President, this statement by one with Japan for at least 9 months. panies are asking that suspension be lifted." of the railroads' experts on such matters, · Mr. BILBO. I am not disturbed about May I point out her.e Mr. President that they. employed by the Association of American not only want that 6-percent increase in Railroads, for that purpose. Somebody has such technicalities, if the effective date is rates but also want in addition this two been and is still wrong. Tl:iere can be no made October 1, 1946. hundred and 'fifty to three hundred million doubt by this time, Mr. President, in the Mr. WHEELER. I merely wished to dollars per year. Surely, there is nothing minds of every man in reach of my voice, call the attention of the Senate to the small about their desires and requests, I that the witnesses in the hearings both be­ fact which I have stated. think you will agree. Further, this article fore the House and Senate committees, have Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, a continues, (quoting him) "Railroad man­ made wild statements, misleading and mis­ agers have no illusions about the railroads informative statements for no other purpose parliamentary inquiry. of tomorrow. . They will be faced after the than to confuse the issues and get the Con­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The war is won, with a volume of . traffic, both gress to pass this bill. Can there still ,linger · Senator will state it. freight and passenger, greatly reduced, and in the minds of anyone here, any reason Mr. McFARLAND. Under parliamen­ by competition, subsidized to an unbeliev­ whatsoever why this bill should be passed tary procedure could the amendment able extent, on land, water, and in the air, and take two hundred and fifty to three hun­ which the Senator from Arizona sub­ more intense than at any time in the past." c;lred millions nf dollars out of the pockets May I call' attention, Mr. President, to of the taxpayers a1;1d dump them into the mitted in behalf of himself and other testimony shown on page 196 of the Senate laps of these concerns? In the face of the Senators be· submitted for the amend­ hearings near the top of the page, second facts just cited, Mr. President, I can't con­ ment of the Senator from Mississippi paragraph, wherein the witness stated: "The ceive of any Member of this body voting in after it is adopted? The effective date railroads are in a very peculiar position, so favor of this bill. As a matter of fact, Mr. is the same, October .1. 1946. far as the postwar period is concerned. I President, in the face of these facts, I don't The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Any believe it is quite evident to anybody who believe that even the representatives of t-he looks at the situation that after the war the railroads themselves would have the un­ other part of the bill may be ~mended. railroads are going to have to move a lot of · adulterated audacity to even ask further con-:­ Mr. McFA;RLAND. I ask unanimous this stuff back from the battle fronts and sideration of their bill. I don't see how they consent that the amendment which I from various parts of the country. Thus legitimately could. · have submitted on behalf of myself, the there is going to be a lot of shipping, and the Senator from Montana [Mr. WHEELER], railroads are going to be in a much better The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Will the Senator from New Mexico [Mr. position than any other industry, because either the Senator from Mississippi or they are going to have a continuing flow of CHAVEZ], the Senator from Arizona [Mr. the Senator from Montana state the HAYDEN], the Senator from New MeXico business immediately following the downfall amendment? of the Axis, whereas a lot of oth~r industries [Mr. HATCH], the Senator from Colorado are going to have to await rebuilding. There . Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, I yield the [Mr. JoHNSON], the Senator from Utah is going .to be, I think, a period when they floor, [Mr. MURnocKJ,-the Senator from Wash­ are goin€; to be dormant while fa~tories are The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The ington [Mr. MITCHELL], the S~nator rehabllltated. That is something the •rail- modified amendment offered by the Sen­ . roads are not going to have t'o do. There is from Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY], and ator from Mississippi will be stated. ' the Senator from Nevada [Mr. CARVILLE], going to be a . lot of business for the rail­ · The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On p;:tge 2; roads in that period. So I do Rot see why which amendment I now offer, be agreed the railroads are very much concerned at this line 23, in the ·committee amendment, to. time about the immediate postwar period, be­ after "Sec. 2", it is proposed to strike out The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The cause th:Jir business is going to be very good "The amendment made by this act shall amendment offered by the Senator from as I see it." take effect 90 days after the date of the Arizona is not in order. The first part Now Mr. President, immediately in line cessation of hostilities in the war with with that very statement, I call your atten­ Japan, as proclaimed by the President or of his amendment is identical with the tion to a large headline in a local paper, here amendment of the Senator from Mis­ declared by concurrent resolution of the sissippi [Mr. BILBO], which is pendin.g. in Washington just a few days ago, on Decem­ two Houses of Congress, whichever is the ber 3 to be exact, which said, "Boom business The second part of the amendment does for rail predicted after war ends." That is earlier:" and insert "The amendment ·made by this act shall take effect hot relate to the pending committee the headline. Now the article reads as fol­ amendment. lows: "United States railroads expect for 3 October 1, 1946.'' or 4 years after reconversion, business ap­ Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, in Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I do not proximating volume in the 1929 boom year order to have the record straight, certain wish to consent to the amendment with­ and during the poorest 12 months in a recon­ language in section 2, beginning in line out knowing something about it. What version period lasting from 18 to 24 months­ 23 on page 2, is proposed to be stricken does the amendment propose? a revenue volume at least 25-percent higher out, and the language of the modified Mr. McFARLAND. It is the same than that of 1939. . These estimates were ob­ amendment offered by the Senator from amendment which was reported in the tained from J. H. ,Parmelee, director of eco­ last .session of Congress, covEring $68,- nomics for the Association of American Rail­ Mississippi would be substituted. roads. The estimates are considered particu­ Mr. BILBO. Yes. I modify my 000,000 into a fund for the purchase of larly significant because volume of freight amendment by striking out "18 months homes for veterans in reclamation States. and passenger traffic, dependent as they are -after said act becomes a law" and in­ It fixes the effective date as October 1, upon general business conditions, are popu­ serting in lieu thereof "October 1, 1946." 1946, the same date as is provided by the larly accepted as a gage of general business Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, now amendment of the Senator from Missis­ conditions. Thus in tl;le opinion of the bu­ sippi. reau of economics of the country's railroads, that the modified amendment of the Senator from Mississippi has been ac­ Mr. WHITE. Why is it limited to the there will be no reconversion slump with reclamation States? widespread unemployme~t of the character -cepted, let me call attention to the fact 'apprehended by a minority of businessmen. that I believe that the bill as it origi­ Mr. McFARLAND. Those are the Parmelee's estimates do not go beyond his nally came from the committee would States in which land-grant rates are now reconversion period of 18 to 24 months plus have saved the Government more money, effective. It is to take the place of the 3 or 4 years of postwar era thereafter. The if that is what the Senator is seeking lands which the railroads have obtained industry's chief economist, mainly on the to do. It would save the Government in those States. It represents the value basis of surveys of principal shippers, placed of the lands in those States. operating revenue during the lowest 12 more money than would the amendinent months of reconversion at five to five and which we have accepted. Section 2 of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The one-half billion dollars. For the postwar the amendment reported by the com­ question is on agreeing to the amendment period, he placed annual operating revenue mittee reads as follows: offered by the Senator from Mississippi at six to stx and one-half billion. These fig­ The amendment made by this act shall [Mr. Bn.noJ as modified. ttres compare with the $6,280,000,000 revenue ta'ke effect 90 days after the date of the Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, I aslt tl:lat of 1929, the largest peacetime year in rail -cessation of host111ties in the war with Japan, . the amendment. be stated by the clerk. XCI--592 9394 CONGRESBIONAL RECORD-SENATE· OCTOBER 4 The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The who sell to the Government. As I said to be designated as the "Veterans' farms amendment will be stated. the other day, if John Smith, a manufac­ fund," which shall be available for appropri­ ation by Congress from time to time to The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 2, turer; living in New Orleans, which, we carry out the purposes of this act. line 23', in the committee amendment, will say, has no outlet to a land-grant {c) Seventy-five percent of any appropria­ after "Sec. 2", it is proposed to strike ' railroad, is selling his products to some­ tion from said veterans' farms fund shall be out "The amendment made by this act one in Philadelphia, where no land-grant made available to the Secretary of the In­ shall take effect 90 days after the date railroad operates, and if a manufacturer terior and 25 percent thereof shall be made of the cessation of hostilities in the war living at a distance from New Orleans has available to the Secretary of Agriculture, and with Japan, as proclaimed by the Presi­ access to a land-grant railroad and re­ shall be utilized by them for the following dent or declared by concurrent resolu­ ceives the benefit of the land-grant rail­ purposes: (1) Funds appropriated to the Secretary of tion of the two Houses of Congress, road rates, the latter has an advantage, the Interior shall be utilized by him for the whichever is the earlier", and insert "The because he can sell his goods for a lesser construction and settlement of irrigation pro­ amendment made by this act shall take price than the price at which the goods jects in the reclamation States, including the effect October 1, 1946." could be sold by the man living in New purchase for disposition to veterans · in The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Orleans. In that way discrimination is family-type farms of such privately owned question is on agreeing to the modified caused in the case of a manufacturer lands situated within Federal reclamation amendment offered by the Senator from who sells his goods to the Government of projects as are necessary to the proper and Mississippi [Mr. BILBO] to the committee the United States and who does not live integrated development of said project. (2) The funds appropriated to the Secre­ amendment. on a land-grant railroad, as opposed to a tary of Agriculture shall be utilized by him The amendment to the amendment manufacturer who sells his goods to the for the purpose of assisting qualified veterans was agreed to. Government and who does live on a land­ to establish themselves upon and improve The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The grant railroad. family-type farms on lands within Federal · question now i& on agreeing to the com­ Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, will the ·reclamation projects and on lands within the mittee amendment on page 2, after line Senator yield. - States in which railroad land grants are lo- 20, as amended. Mr. OVERTON. I yield. cated but which are not .reclamation States. The amendment as ·amended. was Mr. WHITE. · I understood the Sena­ Funds· so appropriated to the Secretary of' agreed to. Agriculture shall be administered in the same tors question to be directed to section 3 manner as funds appropriated for title I of Mr . . OVERTON. Mr. President, I of the bill as it is now written. the Bankhead-Janes Farm Tenant Act, as should like to invite the attention of the. Mr. OVERTON. Yes. amended:t- Provided, That funds..may be lised Senator from Montana to. section 3. I Mr. WHITE. I take. it that that sec­ by the Secretary of Agriculture in the recla­ understand that. section 3 provides, in tion would not do any more, either in mation States and in the other States named effect, that whatever earnings the rail­ fact or fn law, than what the Inter­ in subsection (d) without regard to the roads make by· r~asor of the removal of state Commerce Commission would-be re- . prevalence of fatm tenancy in said States: the reduction in rates shall be taken quired to do ·under its· general obligations·· And provided further, T):lat" veterans found away from them by the requirement the. ,qualified .for occupancy of a family-type unit under existing law .. I take it.that·section on Federal reclamation projects pursuant-- to Interstate Commerce -Commission shall 3- is merely a restatement- of a present the Bankhead-Janes Farm Tenant Act must readjust their rates. That is correct, is legal obligation. _ : also be acceptable to the Secretary _of the it not? · Mr. OVERTON. I .think the Senator Interior. Funds appropriated to the Secre­ 'Mr. WHEELER. The e·arnings will not from Maine probably is correct about tary of Agricl,llture pursuant to the Bank­ be taken away from them. · that; I think his interpretation of the law head-Janes Farm Tenant Act may be used· for Mr. OVERTON. I mean that is what is sound in that regard. the purposes of subsections (c) (2) and (c) the effect will be. They will profit noth­ Mr. McFARLAND·. Mr. President,' will (3). ' (3) In order to provide for. cooperation be­ ing by it, will they? the Seriator yield? · Mr. WHEELER . . Exactly. What it tween the .Secretary of th~ Interior and the Mr. OVERTON. I yield. Secre:tary of Agriculture in the administra­ mean&.is_that, as always, the Inte.rstate ' Mr. McFARLAND. It seems·that there tion of this act, the Secret_ary of the Interior Commerce Commission in fixing the rates _ was a misunderstanding -a moment ago is authorized, pursuant-to_coop .erative. agree­ of any railroad will take into considera­ regarding the adoption of my amend­ ments between the Secretary of Agriculture tion its earnings. If this money goes ment. Will the Senator yield for a mo­ and the Secretary of the Interior, to consider back into the treasuries· of the railroads, ment, in order to permit the situation to -the money or any part of the money made then in fixing the rates it will be the duty available to settl ~ rs upon land within Federal be straightened out? reclamation projects, as all or a portion of of the Interstate Commerce Commission ~ . Mr. OVERTON. I yield the floor. to take into consideration the -amounts· the capital required of such settler_ under 1 Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I which are received by the railroads. subsection (C) of section 4 of the act of De­ should like to have my amendment re­ cember 5, 1924 ( 43 Stat. 702.), and where. any That will be done in fixing the rates all stated. lands have been- or may be improved by over the country. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The _ means of funds made available to a veteran Mr. OVERTON. Then, under that ex­ amendment will be restated. · by the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to planation, it seems to me that the rail­ The CHIEF CLERK. On page 3, after the Bankhead-Janes Farm Tenant Act, or roads will not benefit in any way by the this act, the Secretary of the Interior shall line 12, it is proposed to insert the fol­ / require the entryman or settler of such lands measure. lowing: Mr. WHEELER. Certainly; the rail­ to enter into a mortgage contract or Other roads will not benefit by it. SEc. 4. (a) It shall be the duty of all car..­ security instrument acceptablP to the Secre­ riers now operating under land-grant rates, tary of Agriculture covering his interest in Mr. OVERTON. The other day the including carriers which have entered into the land and improvements to secure the re­ Senator stated that the general public land-grant equalization contracts, when payment of the value of such improvements will benefit by it. billing the various agencies of the Gover~­ before. a subsequent entry is allowed. Mr. WHEELER. Of course the gen­ ment for travel or . transportation subject - (4) The Secretary of the Interior shall ex­ eral public will benefit by .it. to land-grant rates begun after the date of _pend at least $3,750,000 of the funds appro­ Mr. OVERTON. Then. do not w.e ar..; enactment of this act, and prior to October .priated to him and the Secretary of Agr,icul­ rive at the same result if the existing 1, 1946, to forward to the Comptroller General ture shall expend at least $1,250,000 of the law remains as it is and if the _Govern., a copy of t~e bill showing the difference be­ funds .. appropriated to him in each of the States mentioned in subsection (d) as having ment retains that money? When re­ tween the full commercial rates, fares; or it charges for the travel or transportation in ·railroad land-grants valued at $5,000,000 or tains it, of course it will be in the interest question and the amounts which would be more: Provided, That if the total of the of the general · public. payable at the land-grant or equalization amounts reported under subsection (a) is less Mr. WHEELER. No.; the result would -rates, fares, Qr charges. No report filed by any .tha:n $68,·272,770, then the said Secretaries_ not be the same, and I shall tell the Sena­ carrier pursuant to the provisions of this sec­ ,shall expend iri each of such States 75 per- tor why that is so. The purpose in creat­ tion ~hall be considered or construed as an . cent and 25 percent, respectively, of an ing the Interstate Commerce Commission admission by such carrier with respect to the amount which bears the same ratio to $5,000,- lawful rate applicable to any travel or trans'­ 000 as the total of the amounts so reported was to. avoid. discriminations or rebates. ·portation performed prior to the date of ·bears to· $68;272,770. in regar.d. to freight rates as between date of enactment of this act. ( 5) An eligible veteran for the purposes of various sections of the country and .vart­ (b) · A, sum• equal:- 'to the amounts reported . this· act is one wh~ has, been or ma.y· be -de- . ous cities. Under the act as now written, _under, subsection• (a) . shall, be set aside· in c1 :~.red .eliglb le _for any benefits_-pr.o..v.ide.cLfor ' .. there is discrimination· a~ between peoP'le .the Treasury, and-cov-ored 'into-a· special fund . ·m the·· Servicemen's Readjus-tment Act of 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9395' 1944 as the same now exists or may be here- to move in the proper direction to give the Senator from Virginia [Mr. GLASS] after amended. . them wh'atever may be· justified. are absent because of illness. (6) No amount shall be.deducted or with­ But to mix things which are pot alilce, The Senator from Kentqcky [Mr. held from any payment due to any veteran by writing into this bill an amendment CHANDLER], the Senator from California under any law administered by the Veterans' Administration for the purpose of protecting of this kind-which has no relation to [Mr. DoWNEYl, the Senator from West the United States against lqss in connection the bill and has nothing in common with Virginia [Mr. KILGOREl, the Senator with any sale of land under this act. the bill-is, to me, bad legislative prac­ from Montana [Mr. MURRAY], the S8na­ (d) For the purpose of this act the value tice, which should not be followed. tor from Idaho- [Mr. TAYLOR], and the of lands to which carriers have legal or Mr. President, I wish to say that I took Senator· from New York [Mr. WAGNER] equitable title or possession in the several the same position last year on this are detained on public business. · States is hereby fixed as follows: amendment; and when the committee The Senator from Florida [Mr. PEP­ Arizona, $7,000,000; California, $14,331,090; - accepted it at that time I filed a special PER] is absent on official business. Idaho, $1,14.9,190; Minnesota, $87,228; Mon­ concurring- report ·expressing my views. tana, $19,209,090; Nevada, $11,112,454; ·New The Senator from Utah [Mr. THOMAS] Mexico, $5,000,000; North Dakota, $1,000,500; I was in favor of the objective of the bill, has been appointed a delegate to the In­ Oregon, $171,292; -utah, $349,120; Washington, namely, to terminate the land-grant ternational Labor Conference in Paris, $8,789,406; Wisconsin, $3,300; Wyoming, $70,- rates. I was not in favor of the inclusion and is, therefore, necessarily absent. 100; total, $68,272,770. of this amendment. The bill never came Mr. WHERRY. The Senator from to a vote, so nothing was done. Mr. McFARLAND. Mr.. President, as Maine [Mr. BREWSTER], the Senator froni This year the commfttee did not ac­ North Dakota [Mr. LANGER], the Sena­ I understand the amendment was agreed cept this amendment. Now the Senator to a moment ago, but I wish to have t.he tor from Oregon [Mr. MoRsE], the ,Sena· from Arizona has offered it from the tor from Ohio [Mr. TAFT]. and the Sen­ situation made clear. :floor. ators from New Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES The PRESIDENT pro tempore. No; I am anxious, as is everyone else con­ and Mr. TOBEY] are necessarily absent. the amendment was not agreed to. An.­ cerned, about helping the shippers of _the The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. other amendment was pending, and it country get rid of land-grant rates . . As BusHFIELD J and the Senator from Idaho was agreed to; But the amendment of has Q.een stated here, they are a source [Mr. THOMAs] are absent because of ill· the Senator from Arizona was not agreed of discrimination as between shippers, ness. to. . and they should be terminated. I am in The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Sev­ The question now is on agreeing to the sympathy with the veterans. If we have enty-seven Senators having answered to amendment offered by the Senator from not given the veterans all we should have their names, a quorum is -present. Arizona. given th~m. I stand ready to vote to give . The questio.l:! is on agreeing to the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, may we them what can be justified. But this is amendment offered by the Senator from have an explanation of the amendment-? not the kind of legislation we should Arizona [Mr. McFARLAND] on behalf of Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I pass in order to accomplish the purpose himself and other Senators. should like to explain to· the Senator that sought. The amendment was agreed to. in the land-grant States the railroads Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The still have· a certain amount of land. It know that the Senator from Kansas ob­ bill is still before the Senate and open to was advocated by some that tpe railroads jected to the amendment on a prior oc­ amendment. If there be no further should turr~ those lands back to the Gov­ casion, but he was the only cne who ob­ \ amendment to be offered, the question is ernment . . jected. The amendmeBt represents a on the engrossment of the- amendments , Rather than to do that, we propose to compromise Which we are trying to and the third reading of the bill. create a fund, using the difference be­ agree upon. I think · the amendment The amendments were ordered to be tween the full commercial rates, fares, or should be agreed to so that we may dis­ engrossed and the b:11 to be read a third· charges for travel or transportation and pose of the bill. time. the amounts which would be payable at The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing to the amend. The bill was read the third time. the land-:grant rates, fares, or charges The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The which·accumulates up to $68,772,770 be­ ment offered by the S:mator from Ari­ zont [Mr. McFARLAND] for himself and · question now is, Shall the bill pass? fore October 1946, to be used for the pur­ Mr. SHIPSTEAD. I ask for the yeas chase or improve~ent of farm homes­ other Senators. [Putting the question.] for veterans in the reclamation States. The ayes seem to have it. and nays. The Senator's State is one of the· recla­ Mr. REED. I ask·for a division. The yeas and nays were not ordered. mation States. In substance, that is the Mr. BARKLEY. I suggest the absence The bill (H. R. 694) was passed. amendment. of a quorum. Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I should The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The '!'he PRESIDENT pro tempore. The like to have the RECORD show that if there question is on agreeing to the amend­ clerk will call the roll. had been a roll call I would have voted in ment offered by the Senator from Ari­ The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the negative. - zona [Mr. McFARLAND]. the following Senators answered to their Mr. SHIPSTEAD. Mr. President, if a Mr. REED. Mr. President, I dislike, in names: record vote had been had, as I requested, an atmosphere of harmony, to say any­ Aiken Guffey Myers I would have voted in the negative. thing which might possibly disturb the Andrews Gurney O'Danlel Mr. RUSSELL subsequently said: Mr. Austin Hart O'Mahoney. President, earlier in the day the Senate harmonious feeling. However, I do not Bailey Hatch 0\'erton think what I shall say will do that. Ball Hawkes Radcliffe passed without a roll-call vote a bill to Bankhead Hayden Reed repeal the so-called land-grant rates. I Mr. President, this is a cock-eyed Barkley Hickenlooper Revercomb was temporarily absent from the :floor, amendment which has no proper place Bilbo Hill Robertson and when I returned the Senate was en­ in this bill. What it proposes to do is to Briggs Hoey Russell Brooks Johnson, Colo. Saltonstall gaged in discussion of the question of the take money derived from the payment of Buck Johnston, S.C. Shlpstead reference of the atomic energy bill. I had freight rates on Government traffic mov­ Butler Knowland Smith assumed that· there would be a record ing over land-grant railroads and use it Byrd La Follette Stewart Capehart Lucas Thomas, Okla. vote on the land-grant rate bill, and I to create a fund, 75 percent of which Capper McCarran Tunnell was out in the reception room, and was would be administered by the Secretary Carvllle McClellan Tydings therefore denied the opportunity to ask of the Interior and 25 percent of which Chavez McFarland Vandenberg Connally McKellar Walsh for a record vote. I do not like to have would be administered by the Secretary Cordon McMahon Wheeler this bill become a law without the RECORD of Agriculture, for the purchase of lands . Donnell Magnuson Wherry showing I was' opposed to it. I desired Ellender Maybank White for returning veterans. What connec­ Ferguson Mead . Wiley • to make the statement that I was opposed tion'there is between land-grant'railroad Fulbright Millikin Willis to it, and I ask to have the statement freight rates and · lands for returning George Mitchell Wilson appear in the RECORD following action of veterans, I am .wholly unable to sr.e. We Gerry Moore Young 'the Senate in passing the land-grant rate have treated the returning veterans with Green Murdock bill. generosity. If we have not treated them Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sena­ . The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without with sufficient generosity, I stand ready tor from Mississippi [Mr. EASTLANDl and objection, it is so ordered. 9396 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .OCTOBER -4 Mr. lULL. Mr. President, I beg to state subdivided among various standing com­ .woqld have . gone to the comJP.ittee to for the sake of the RECORD that ! -was OP:­ -mittees, or whether it should go to an which the President's message was re.­ posed -to the land-grant rate bill, and had over-all joint committee; which the Sen­ -ferred by the o.ccupant of the Chair at there been a roll-call vote, I certainly . ate has already approved by way -of that time. But on account of the discus- should have voted against the passage of resolution, which resolution is pending sion which ensued, we all agreed that the the bill. I ask that my statement appear for action in the House. bill should lie on the table. Many of the following that of the Senator from Geor­ . I am perfectly willing to consent to Senators did not realize that from a tech­ gia immediately following the passage of any parliamentary maneuver which will nical standpoint that meant that neither the bill. permit the Senate to decide that funda­ the Chair nor the Senate c.ould pass upon The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without · mental question, but I do not think the reference of the bill to a committee objection, it is so ordered. either the Senator from Kentucky or I unless it were laid before the Senate and DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC would wish to create such a situation a motion made to refer it to a -r ENERGY-REFERENCE OF SENATE BILL ·that we would have to vote either to refer committee. 1463 "the bill to the Committee on Military Mr. President, in the absence of the Affairs or vote it to the calendar. · power of the Chair to decide, without . Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, yes­ Mr. BARKLEY. I think it would be unanimous -consent, the question of ref­ terday the President sent ::>. message to most unfortunate and most unsatisfac­ erence-the Senator would not agree to the Congress dealing with atomic energy. tory that the bill go to the calendar with­ that, would he? In the message he commented upon his out the consideration of a committee, Mr. VANDENBERG. Not without a purpose to discuss with other nations the and I think that the most direct way to supplemental agreement. question of the control of the atomic reach the situation is to agree that the Mr. BARKLEY. Of course, any Sena­ bomb, and kindred subjects,. with which Chair may pass upon the question of tor would have the right to appeal from we are familiar. reference, from which decision any Sena­ the ruling of the Chair with respect to The message of the President was re­ tor may appeal. We would in that way reference ·of the bill. ferred to the Committee on Military Af­ get the verdict of the Senate. Other­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Yes, but that fairs, and when the Senator from Colo­ wise the bill will go to the calendar might bring us to something that neithe·r ·rado introduced a bill carrying out the without consideration by any committee recommendations of the President, and the Senator from Kentucky nor I .would · at all. · care to contemplate, namely, that it go to asked that it be referred also to the Com­ If I may make myself a little more the calendar. · mittee on Military Affairs, the Senator definite, if I should ask unanimous con­ from Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG] rai'sed sent, regardless of the parliamentary, Mr. BARKLEY. If the appeal of any the question of the jurisdiction of that technical situation, that as of yesterday, Senator from the ruling of the Chair was committee as compared with the Com­ when the bill was introduced, the Chair not sustained, then the bill would go ·to mittee on Foreign Relations, and possibly decide the question of reference, from the committee to which it was referred. other committees. By agreement the bill which decision any Senator could take It would not put the bill back- on the was permitted to lie on the table without an appeal, the Senate could then pass calendar. In other words, if the Chair ·reference, with the understanding that upon it. should hold that the bill should go either the question qf the committee to which 'Mr. VANDENBERG. Would not that to the Committee on Military Affairs or it should be referred would be taken up leave us in precisely the same situation? the Committee on Foreign Relations, any and disposed of today. Suppose we pursued the course suggested Senator could appeal from that decision I had a feeling that that meant simply by the able Senator, suppose the Chair and we would have a vote upon it. That that the reference of the bill would be referred the bill to the. Committee on would not send the bill back to the cal­ held in abeyance until today, at which Military Affairs, and I took an appeal, endar. If the appeal were sustained, it time the Chair would refer the bill as the and the appeal were sustained; where would be in order then, I understand, Chair refers bills usually. But from a would that leave· the bill? · . to move that the bill go to some other technical parliamentary standpoint, the Mr. BARKLEY. It would still leave --committee. I should like to inquire of the ·bill being on the table, the Chair cannot the bill, according to my judgment, be­ Chair whether I am correct about that. refer it as he would a bill ordinarily in-· fore the Senate, and a motion could be The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The troduced, ~nd, therefore, in order to get made then to refe1~ it to another com­ Senator is correct. it before the Senate, it is nece$sary tha_t mittee. - 1 Mr. ·BARKLEY. In other words, if the Chair lay the bill before -the Senate, Mr. VANDENBERG. The committee ·the Chair should refer the bill to the after which a motion will be in order to to which some of us think it should be ·Committee on Miiitary Affairs-- -refer it to a particular committee. referred is not yet in· existence, and is -The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Any Mr. President, in o"rder that that' ques­ awaiting the action of the House. Senator would have a right-to appeal. · tion may be determined_as promptly as Mr. BARKLEY. That is a situation Mr. BARKLEY. Yes; any Senator . possible, I ask that the Chair lay the bill which probably creates a parliamentary could appeal. And if on appeal the Sen­ tefore the Senate. vacuum. Even if the House should ate sustained the appeal, then it would The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The - agree to the resolutiOn which the Senate be in order to move that the bill go either Chair lays before the Senate- has already passed, I do not believe ·this -to that committee or some other com­ Mr. VANDENBERG. · Mr. President, bill could be referred to it. I do not mittee, so -the Senate would have a vote if I may be heard for just a moment­ wish to enter into that argument now. on the question. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Mr. VANDENBERG. I disagree with -The PRESIDENT pro tempore. To Senator from Michigan is recognized. the Senator in that. Will the- Senator some other committee. Not to that- com­ Mr. VANDENBERG. I submit a par­ yield to me? mittee, because that question would have Jiamentary inquiry. What will happen Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. beeri decided. if the Chair shall lay the bill before the Mr. VANDENBERG. Could we not Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator Senate and the Senator from Kentucky present the issue frankly to the Senate, from Kentucky ·appreciates that that shall move to refer it to the Committee without any parliamentary difficulties, by -. would not permit me to raise the funda­ on Military Affairs, and that motion a unanimous-consent request that the mental question I wish to raise inasmuch shall be rejected? What then will be Senate vote upon a motion to refer the as the joint congressional committee has the status of the bill? bill to the Committee on Military Affairs not yet been created. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The with the understanding that if the mo­ Mr. BARKLEY. No. bill will go to the calendar. tion were defeated, the bill would return Mr. VANDENBERG. Therefore I Mr. VANDENBERG. That would be to the table? ·cannot move that the bill be referred-to an unsatisfactory status for any of us. Mr. BARKLEY. I think it is unfor­ it. Mr. BARKLEY. Yes. tunate that we get into a parliamentary Mr. BARKLEY. Frankly, I do not Mr. VANDENBERG. The issue I want vacuum over the reference of a bill. Or­ think .the · Senator could move to refer decided, and the only issue I want de­ dinarily, as we all understand, the Chair . the bill to it, evenif the joint committee cided, is whether or not the Senate has the right to refer a bill, and I imagin'e were in existence. · thinks that the question of congres­ that if the general parliameptary process Mr. VANDENBERG. That is another sional control of this matter should be had been carried olJ.t yesterday, the bill- question. 1~45 CONG.l{~SSIONAL . RECORD-:-SENATE 9397 Mr. BARKLEY. Yes; that is another by committees in the Senate while the Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I should question. But, regardless of the status House proceeds with hearings on the like to ask the Senator from Michigan of the so-called joint commission which bill referred by the Speaker to the Com­ if he is in accord with the President's was provided for in the-resolution which mittee on Military Affairs, a bill identical message received yesterday? the Senate adopted the other day, here is with the one introduced in the Senate. Mr. VANDENBERG. What dOes the a bill which was introduced yesterday Mr. VANDENBERG. I agree with the Senator mean? and must be refer.red to some committee. Senator that nothing could be more un­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Whether Mr. VANDENBERG. But it can lie fortunate than that we should get into the Senator is in accord with the presen­ upon the table until the appropriate parliamentary difficulties over a subject tation of this whole matter to the Senate. committee is created. of this utterly fundamental import not This is what I mean. Beginning on Mr. BARKLEY. Yes; which might be only to America but to the world. The pa:ge-- indefinitely. very thing I am striving for is to create Mr. VANDENBERG. Let me inter­ Mr. VANDENBERG. I am perfectly one over-all forum which can be respon­ rupt the Senator to answer his question willing, as I told the Senator yesterday, sible for congressional action in conm:c- · first. I am not in accord with that por­ to avoid any indefinite postponement tion. with the consideration of this prob­ tion of the message which· indicates that just as soon as the temper of the House lem. My contention is that if it is not the President is going to proceed to de­ of Representatives is registered. put in this one over-all place we will termine what shall be the international I find one segment of the bill in the s ·~nate fa;te of atomic energy and then report Mr. BARKLEY. am not so much Military Affairs Committee, precisely as concerned about the temper of the House is now proposed should be done, and we a conclusion to the Congress for its con­ of Representatives as I am about its pos­ ·will find another sector in the Senate firmation. I think that the determina­ sible action. ·Foreign Relations Committee wh-ere· the .tion of what shall be the international Mr. VANDENBERG.· Very well. bill su;bmitted by the able Senator from fate of atomic energy goes to the utter What does the Senator say aaout that? Connecticut has already been taken up. fundamentals of the whole thing, and Mr. BARKLEY. I am not quibbling In the other House we find one sector that the Congress of the Untted States. upon that proposition. Here is a bill of the problem referred to the House should have the right of consultation which is introduced as a result of · a Military Affairs Committee, and another from the very first moment that the sub­ Presidential message, and th~ message sector referred to the House Judiciary ject .is taken up, and that again it is of the President was predicated upon the Committee. When we get through with necessary to create a joint congressional importance of prompt action upon this subdividing all the interests that are in­ voice for that purpvse so that the Con­ propm:ed legislation. The bill which has volved in the answer to this fundamental gressional representation can cooperate been introduced has no international problem we have created, in my judg­ with the President evel"y moment of the connotations or · relationships. It · is ment, a total hodgepodge which invites ·time that th.e subject is being explor~d. purely a domestic bill dealing wit!}. a do­ no possibility of the sort of prompt and I do not· agree with that portion of the . mestic · situation growing out of the effective action which the · desperate Presidential message. atomic bomb and atomic energy which problem requires. Mr. JOHNSON of CJlorado. The has been developed by .the War Depart­ Furthermore, the able Senator_ from President's message begins on page 1 and ment through military processes and Kentucky has emphasized the fact tha;t continues all through page 2 exactly to through research; I do not wish to take the President's. message has come to the describe the bill which has been intro­ advantage of any technical situation to Senate and has been referred to the duced in the Senate, known as S~nate deny the Senate the right to pass upon Military Affairs Committee. I think that bill 1463. the question'. If the Senator from Mich­ is no precedent whatever. I remind the igan is not willing that the Chair should Mr. VANDENBERG. I can answer the Senator that when the Senate acted­ Senator in a word. I am greatly sympa­ mak~ a ruling referring this bill to some and the Sen~te has acted-the Senate's thetic with the President's message. It committee, and by reason of an appeal recorded judgment is that this problem from that decfsion to get a vote of the is not conclusive, so far as I am con- is too big for any of its standing com­ cerned. - Senate, of course I am helpless, so far as mittees. The Senate's recorded judg­ that is concerned. ment is that there shouli be a small ·Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I do not Mr. VANDENB.ERG. The Senator is joint congressional committee created · care to argue that point with the Sena­ not helpless in settling the lssue this for the purpose of dealing with the total tor, but I dcr wish to state, and to make afternoon if he will join me in permitting subject of the control, development and it clear, that the President's message is the issue to be presented in its naked use of atomic enexgy. And I remind the divided into .two parts. Beginning wi.th reality to the Senate. I am perfectly Senator from Kentucky that that action the last paragraph on page 1, and on all willing to ask unanimous consent that was not taken until the Senate Foreigl) of page 2, the President's message deals the Senator from Kentucky be permit­ R~Iations Committee had sent a sub­ with the bill which has been introduced, ted now to move to refer the bill to the committee consisting of the Senator and describes it in detail,· and there is Senate Military Affairs Committee with Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY], the Senator from nothing in the bill· which has been in­ the understanding that if his motion fails Illinois [Mr. LucAs], and myself to con­ troduced which is not covered in the the bill remains upon the table. sult the President of the ·united States President's message on pages 1 and 2. Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, it is himself in respect to it, ~. nd we called Mr. VANDENBERG. No; there are in not necessary to obtain un2.nimous con­ upon the President and we had from the President's message a great many sent that I move that the bill be referred him the statement that he thought this things which are not covered by the' bill. to the Committee on Military Affairs. was the proper way in which we .should Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Begin­ All the Chair has to do is to lay the bill proceed. ning with paragraph 1 and ending on before tlie Senate; and then it is in order Under those circumstances Mr.· Presi­ page 2, there is· nothing in the Presi- · to move that the bill be referred to the dent, I do not think I am unfair when, dent's message which is not in the bill. Committee on Military Affairs. I do not while agreeing with the Senator that we The bill is an amplification of that part feel at this time justified in agreeing ought to settle it at the earliest possible of the message. Then the President, on that if that motion should be defeated moment, I ask that the parliamentary page 3, goes on to say: the bill would still be on the table, be­ situation be such that we can get a The other phase of the problem is the cause it would then be in order to move straight-out vote on the question whether question of the international control and that it be referred to some other com­ any part of this problem shall go to any · development of this newly discovered energy. mittee. of our standing committees, or whether I should like to see this issue· settled or not it is the judgment of the Senate Of course, that is a question with because I want to say frankly that a that it should sustain its previous action which the Military Affairs Committee similar bill was referred to the Commit­ in asserting that the problem is too great certainly does not have jurisdiction to tee on Military Affairs in the House yes­ for any one standing committee.' deal; but it does have jurisdiction to deal terday. That committee is preparing to Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. with all the parts of the bill which has hold immediate hearings upon it. I President, will the Senato1· from Ken­ been introduced, Senate bill1463, the bill think.it would be most unfortunate for tucky yield to me.? described by the President in his mes­ us to get into a quarrel over jurisdiction Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. sage, on pages 1 and 2. 9398 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_:SENATE OCTOBER 4

Mr. VANDE~BERG. The Senator's order to move that it be referred to the Why did the Senate take that action, statement completely confirms every­ appropriate committee? Mr. President, and why did the commit­ thing I have said. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It tee take the action which it tool~? It Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. No. will. took the action because it confronted the Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator says Mr. BARKLEY. I ask the Chair to proposition that the problem involved in that the Committee on Military Affairs lay the bill before the Senate. the use, development, and control of would not have jurisdiction over certain The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The atomic energy is so broad in its impact parts of the problem submitted in the Chair lays before the Senate-- and its considerations that no single Presidential message. . Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, a legislative committee in either the House Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I did not parliamentary inquiry. or the Senate could possibly have juris­ say parts of the bill. I said parts of the The PRESIDENT- pro tempore. The diction over anything except a small por­ problem. Senator will state it. tion of the problem. Mr. VANDENBERG. I am talking Mr. VANDENBERG: Does that re­ The able Senator from Colorado him­ about the message and about the pr.ob- · q,uest require unanimous consent? self, who introduced the bill, says that lem. The Sanator states that the prob­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It his bill deals only with the military as- lem is infinitely larger than the jurisdic­ - does not. pects of p,tomic energy, ' tion of the Senate Committee on Mili­ Mr. VANDENBERG. With the bill on Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. tary Affairs. the table, would it not require unani­ President, will the Senator yield? Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. The mous consent to lay the bill before the Mr. VANDENBERG. I , yield to the President concedes .that, too. Senate? Senator. I do not wish to misquote him. Mr. VANDENBERG. Yes; and I want The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Tech­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I made the Senate again to concede it, as it has nically it would require a motion by -a· no such statement as that. already done by voting in the first in­ Member of the Senate to lay the bill be­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Very w·ell. The stance that the problem as a whole fore the Senate, if there is objection. Senator may make his own statement. • should go to a joint committee which Mr. VANDENBERG. I think that is Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. The bill can encompass the entire subject. the way to raise the issue. which I introduced carries out the . Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. The bill . Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the recommendation of the President. does not encompass the entire subject, Chair lay before the Senate Senate bill Mr. VANDENBERG. In the military because the legislation which is pre­ 1463. field. • sented to the Senate automatically di­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore The Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. The vides the problem into two parts. question is on agreeing to the motion of recommendation which he made in his Mr. VANDENBERG. I seem to be un­ the Senator from Kentucky. ... message of yesterday, beginning with the able to make the Senator understand Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, a last paragraph on page 1, and including that that is precisely what I object to. parliamentary inquiry. all the paragraphs on page 2. That is Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I seem The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The as much of the President's message as to have a .similar difficulty, Mr. Presi­ Senator will state· it. the pending bill, Senate bill 1463, en­ dent. Perhaps it is my fault in both Mr. VAN:OENBERG. If that motion visages. The President's message then instances. were defeated, what would the status of passes to another subject. The bill Mr. VANDENBERG. I agree with the the bill be? which is before the Senate does not pass Senator that a portion of this message The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It to that second subject. belongs in the Committee on Military would remain on the table. Mr. VANDENBERG. Le~ me see if I Affairs; I agree that a portion of it be­ Mr. VANDENBERG. A further par­ can make my statement sufficiently con­ longs in the Committee on Foreign Rela­ liamentary inquiry: Is the motion de­ secutive to be in some degree logical. tions; I 'agree that a portion of it be­ . batable? ' If the Senator's bill covers not only the longs in the Committee on Interstate The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question of military use, but also the Commerce; I agree. that a portion of it motion is debatable. question of the creation of an atomic en­ belongs in the Committee on Appropria­ ergy commission-to deal with the do­ tions. As I stated yesterday, since the Mr. VANDENBERG. Very well. Mr. BARKLEY. Does the Senator mestic development of atomic energy, Committee on the District of Columbia 1 then the bill does not belong in the Com­ is th'e committee in which most of our wish to debate it? Mr. VANDENBERG. I do. mittee on Military Affairs, even as it is explosions occur, perh!),ps some of it be­ now written. There, we have another longs even there. Mr. BARKLEY. Very well. I will let perfect example of the fact that this sub­ That is the very point. With a sub­ the Senator have the floor. ject is so· broad; and so all-inclusive in ject so broad as this, I do not see how The PRESIDENT pro tempore . . The its impact upon every phase of Amarican we can divide it up into airtight com­ . uestion is on agreeing to the motion of "life-yea, upon every phase of 'vorld partments and have half a dozen dif­ the Senator from Kentucky that Senate civilization-that there is no standing ferent committees at both , ends of the bill ·1463 be laid before the Senate. committee of the Senate which can ap­ Capitol simultaneously dealing with this Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I propriately take jurisdiction over any­ utterly treacherous subject. It not only do not wish to repeat myself. The issue· thing except a very ·small part of iL involves complete duplication of testi­ is very simple. The Senate, upon the I repeat that if one takes the Pi·esi­ mony and consideration, but it involves unanimous recommendation of its Com­ ·dent's message and applies parliamen­ the very serious hazard that too many mittee on Foreign Relations, has adopt­ tary dissection to it, a part of the mes­ cooks may sp€>il the broth. ed a concurrent resolution which under­ sage must be referred to the Committee Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, a takes to concentrate in one congressional on Foreign Relations; another part of it parliamentary inquiry. . authority the entire control of the crig­ to 'the Committee on Military Affairs; The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The inal consideration of the problems in­ another part to the Committee on Inter­ SenP,tor will state it. volved in the development, control, and state Commerce; another part to the Mr. BARKLEY. Was I correct a few use of atomic energy, Why was that ac- Committee on Commerce; and still an­ moments ago in stating that the present . tion taken by the Senate? other part to the Committee on Appro­ parliamentary status of the measure is Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. . Mr. ·priations. Thatjs a perfect example of such that the Chair himself cannot refer President; will the Senator yield? the all-inclusive character of this prob­ it to a committee? Mr. VANDENBERG. I yield. ·lem. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. If that Mr. President, it was because ·of that Chair has no authority after it is laid · resolution should be adopted by the other fact that the Committee on Foreign Re­ on the table. House, would such a committee as is de­ lations, after consultation with the Pres­ Mr. BARKLEY. I wish to submit a scribed in the resolution be a legislative ident of the United States, and with his further parliamentary inquiry. committee? ·approval-! repeat, after consultation The PRESIDENT pro. tempore. The .· Mr. VANDENBERG. It would not. with the President of the United States. Senator will state it. -The resolution authorizes the committee and with his approval-unanimously re­ Mr. BARKLEY. If the Chair lays the to present its recommendations to the . ported to this body a resolution propos- bill before the Senate; will it then be in Congress. ing the creation of a small joint over-all 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9399 congressional committee to take total., Mr. AIKEN. It does. I thank the it, notwithstanding that if some other jurisdiction over the entire subject. Senator. phase of the subject were introdm;ed Th:::tt resolutiGn was adopted by the Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I wish separately in the form of a bill, it might ·Senate. The resolution has gone to the to discuss the motion I have made, which ' go to another committee. · House. In the House it was referred to is that the Chair Jay before the Senate Mr. M:AGNUSON. Mr. President, will the Committee on Rules. The Gommit- the bill introduced yesterday by the Sen­ the Senator yield to me? tee on Rules substituted for that action ator fr.om Colorado [Mr. JoHNSON]. Or­ Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. of the Senate a practically identical reso-· dinarily, when a Senator introduces a bill Mr. MAGNUSON. I understood it-to Iution introduced by a distinguished the Chair exercises the right, wh~ch he be said yesterday by both the Senator Democratic Member of the House. I has- enjoys under the rule, to refer the bHl to from Kentucky. and the Senator from ten to say that I have no pride of author-· a standing legislative committee which Colorado that if other phases of the bill ship in this matter. I am interested sole- may have jurisdiction of it. I recognize develop, the bill need not stay in the Iy irythe fundamental principle involved, fully that frequently bills which are in­ Committee on Military Affairs. Of and I shall be very happy to e.ccept the traduced in the Senate might go to one course, there will be other domestic· Democratic sponsorship in the House of two or three committees; but in the phases: That being true, of course I which the resolution now has. exerc!se of the power and discretion should be inclined to vote to have the The House Rules Committee unani- lodged in the Chair' to make reference bill laid before the Sena1ie. mously· reported the resolution to the appropriately, the Chair is expected to I also 'think that the suggestion of the House. Whether it will come up in the refer a bill not ·to two or three commit­ Senator from Michigan, namely, that the House for action, I suppose, is largely de- tees, }jut to one of the standing commit­ bill be referred to a committee which is pendent upon the attitud~ of the Speak- tees of the Senate. That is the practice not a legislative committee, probably er. I am not prepared to speak for the in the Senate. If the President's message would put us in worse shape. I lillder­ Speal~er, but I assert that on the face of of yesterday-a message which dealt ·stood, however, both Senators to say the record, so far as anyone can consult . with two phases of this- problem, one yesterday that if there were other do­ it, the judgment of the House of Repre- domestic and the other international­ mestic phases of importance the bill sentatives itself thus far is precisely the had been limited to the domestic phase, should be sent to a committee other than same as the judgment returned by the there is no questioll' that this bill would the Committee on Military Affairs·. Senate when it adopted the-resolution. ha~ · e gone to the Committee on Military Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I un­ The motion now pending permits us Affairs. But the President said, after dertake to say in advance that if a bill to make a clear-cut decision upon this delivering his message upon the domestic is entitled because of its major provi­ fundamental question. That is .the only phase of the problem, that he was going sions to be referred to a definite com­ thing in which I am interested. It per- to initiate discussions with other nations mittee, if that committee reports it, it mits the Senate to decide whether it with respect to. the international phase then will be possible to refer it to son:e thinks the problem of atomic energy, its of the problem. Theupon, the Senator other committee. The Senate always has control, development, and use, can bet- from Colorado introduced a bill, not d~al­ · jurisdiction of a bill; and if a committee ter be handled by being split into half a ing with the international problems, not to which a bill is originally assigned re­ dozen diffe-rent sectors and peddled out to dealing with the international phase of ports it and if the1·e is a phase of the a number of different standing commit- the subject, but dealing entirely and ex­ matter which should be 'considered by tees of the House and Senate, or wheth- elusively with the domestic problem rela­ another committee, the Senate has the er it believes that this problem is so big, tive to atomic energy as developed by ·power to refer it to another committee. so intense, and yet so delicate that there the investigations an'd researches of the But I doubt the wisdom of doing that in ought to be one congressional spokes- War Department which resulted in the advance. · manship dealing with every phase of its production of the atomic bomb. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will development. A vote of "yea" on the Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, the Senator yield? pending motion is a vote to subdivide the will the Senator yield? Mr. BARKLEY. I yield .. question and spread it around among Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. · Mr. FULBRIGHT. I ask the Senator various committees. A vote of "nay'' is Mr. VANDENBERG. The question to yield merely for a question. Is it not a vote in favor of over-all consideration. outside of military use is infinitely larger very difficult to treat the matter of the Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the from a domestic sense than the question . use of atomic energy in two separate sec­ Senator-yield? . inside of military use. Does the Sana- tions-one, its internal effect, and the Mr. VANDENBERG. I yield. tor think that the problem with respect other its international effect? Do not Mr. AIKEN· Does the resolution to to domestic use other than military use they have to be considered together? which the Senator refers, which is now in belongs in the Committee on Military Mr. BARKLEY. No; I do not think the House, merely provide for the crea- Affairs? they automatically or necessarily have to tion of a committee to which· the legisla- be considered together, and the bill now · · tion may be referred? Mr. BARKLEY. That all depends. before the Senate does not deal in any Mr. VANDENBERG. It provides for We cannot introduce a specific bill and . respect with. any international phase of the creation of a joint congressional have it referred to more than one com­ this problem. committee, consisting of six Members mittee. Now and then the Senate has re­ of the House and six Members of the ferred a bill to a particular committee, Mr. FULBRIGHT. But the interna­ senate, to take over-all control of the with an agreement that after that com­ tional phase is the dangerous phase. consideration of this problem in the Con- mittee reports the bilf it should then go Mr. BARKLEY. As the President said gress, and to make recommendations to to some other committee-a practice . in his message, he will initiate discussions the House and Senate. which, in my judgment, is a bad · one, as to the international phase and will Mr. AIKEN. Would this bill, as well because it -dissipates jurisdiction and report to Congress either on what he has as the President's message, be referred authority. Frequently, bills which are been able to ascertain or as to an agree­ to that committee? introduced as a whole might, H intro­ ment-which, of course, would go to the Mr. VANDENBERG. That would be ' duced in separate parts, go to separate Committee on Foreign Relations. my theory and my view. committees of the Senate. But the .But this bill deals· with the domestic Mr. AIKEN. And no · legislation is Chair and the Senate must decide the phase, and it must be referred to a com­ actually involved, otber than the setting matter of the reference of a bill to a mittee. It cannot be referred to more up of the commit'tee; is that QOrrect? particular committe..:. Ordinarily I than one committee, as I see it. Mr. VANDENBERG. That is correct. think the Parliamentarian advises the Mr. FULBRIGHT. The really urgent Mr. AIKEN .. How is the committee Chair, when he is requested to gi.ve ad- problem is the international use of to be designated? vice on parliamentary matters, and atomic energy, is it not? · Mr.-VANDENBERG. It is to be ap- especially in connection with the refer­ Mr. BARKLEY." It is urgent, but I do pointed by the President pro tempore of ence of bills, that the committee_ which not think_it excludes the domestic fea­ the Senate and by the Speaker of the would have jurisdiction of the major ture. House-if that answers the Senator's. part of the subject dealt with by the pill Mr. FULBRIGHT. ' It overshadows it, , ques~ion. would be entitled to have jurisdiction of however. ..

9400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~SENATE OCTOBER 4 Mr. BARKLEY. Perhaps so, in the Mr. McMAHON. So there would be _Manhattan project, so-called, developed ultimate consummation. But, for the split jurisdiction, anyway, at this stage· the atomic bomb. It has plants scattered time being, it seems to me we must con­ of the matter. around the country. . Who owns them? sider this matter from the point of view Mr. BARKLEY. Of course, physically What control do we have of them? of the emergency which now presents and mentally, the committee could go What about any secrets which might be itself to our country, and that considera­ ahead. Of course, the bill having been divulgecl as to the atomic bomb or atomic tion is to be supplemented by the belief referred to the committee, it could pro­ energy? Senate bill 1463 attempts to and determination that we must con­ ceed to hold hearings, if it saw fit to •place a control over the entire problem sider its use from the international point do so. so that we can deal with it in its inter­ of view. But the bill now presented do~s But here we have had a message from national aspects, as well as other aspects not deal with the international point of the President of the United States, who which may come before the Congress. view. has some responsibility in this situation, The first thing we should do is to perfect . Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, will and a bill carrying out his recommenda­ an organization which will control the Senator yield to me? tions, so far as the domestic phases are atomic energy, Then we can deal with Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. concerned, has been introduced in the the l:lther aspects which may be involved. Mr. · McMAHON. Approximately a Senate. The mere fact that the Presi­ Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, month ago, on the same day the Senator dent mentioned his prospective discus­ will the Senator ·yield? from Michigan introduced his resolution sions with other nations, upon which he Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. calling for the appointment of a joint will report later, in my judgment-un­ Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator from congressional committee, and preceding less the bill contemplated that and inte­ Colorado has said that we have put that event, I made a speech in the Sen­ grates it and deals with it-would give the cart before th'e horse. What the ate and I introduced a bill on this sub­ the Committee on Foreign Relations no Senator from Colorado and the Senator ject. The bill covers both the interna­ jurisdiction. from Kentucky are trying to' do is to tional a·nd the foreign aspects of the use Mr. McMAHON. As I said, my bill separate the cart from the horse. I do of atomic energy, I am happy to say that anticipated the President's message by .not know what good the. cart is without the bill introduced by the Senator from a month and preceded it by a month. the horse, or what good the horse is with­ Colorado seems in practically all respects Mr. BARKLEY. Ves. I congratulate _out the cart. I deny that we can divide to agree with the provisions of the bill the Senator from Connecticut on his thts problem into airtight compartments. I introduced, so far as the domestic treat­ ·ability in foreseeing the situation and on .The entire problem is involved in every ment of the question is concerned. his alertness with regard to the problem, aspect of the question. · My bill was referred to the Committee which is one in which we are all inter­ The Senator from Kentucky has said on Foreign Relations. I presume it was ested. I say to the Senate that I have .that the bill has nothing to do with the referred to that committee because, al­ no personal preference in the matter of international phase. I invite his atten­ though it deals with the domestic side, it the committee to which the bill now tion to the fact th~t the tex.tual.hinguage also deals. with the international side of ·under discussion is referred. I am a .of the bill says that "the primary objec- · the question. ·I ask the Senator if any member of the Fo'reign Relations Com.:. tive of all action taken under or pursuant pre~dent to which attention should be mittee, and I m · not a member of the to ·this act shall be the safeguarding of paid now was created by that reference . . ·Committee on Military Affairs.· .world peace." If that language does not " Mr. BARKLEY. My judgment is that Mr. McMAHON. Mr. President, I may .evidence international implications, I do · no precedent was set or created either by say to the Senator that I am.not a mem­ not know what it does do. . referring the Senator's bill to the Com­ ber of either committee, so I am ·in a Mr. BARKLEY. That is a sentence mittee on Foreign Relations or by refer:­ worse position. . which has been grabbed out 'of the bill. ring the resolution of the Se:pator from Mr. BARKLEY. But I will say that Mr. VANDENBERG. It has been Michigan to the Committee on Foreign the Committee on. Foreign Relations had· grabbed out of the portion of the biil Relations, because the Senator from Utah ·which describes its purposes. [Mr. THOMAS] introduced a bill on the no more jurisdiction of the resolution of subject and it was referred to the Com­ the Senator from-Michigan, when .it was Mr. BARKLEY. It has been taken out mittee on Military .Affairs, and there is introduced a few days ago, than did the of a bill of approximately 29 pages. Be­ now on the calendar a bill dealing with ·Committee on Interstate Commerce, the ·Cause of one sentence in the bill the Sena­ that subject, reported from the Commit­ .Committee ·on Commerce, or any other tor .from Michigan .thinks that the biil tee on Military Affairs. I ,do not know committee which might deal with some should be referred to a certain commit:­ whether the Senate will take up that phase of the question of the future use tee, notwithstanding the fact that all the bill. of atomic energy, The fact that the remainder of the bill refers to the do­ Furthermore, I may say that hearing~ committee ·reported such a . resolution, mestic situation. I appreciate the sin- · have been instituted, I believe, by the aml the Senate adopted it, in my judg­ . cerity of the Senator from Michigan and Committee on Commerce relative to an­ ment offers no precedent by which the I entertain· no jealousy so far as the ju­ other bill, one in which the Senator from Senate should be bound in determining risdiction of committees may be con­ Washington is interested. That bill' was to what committee the bill should be 1e- cerned.: -As I said yesterday, I am a referred to the C-ommittee on Commerce. ferred. · member of the Committee on Foreign That shows the chaos which exists in the Mr. JOHNSON o~ Colorado. Mr. Relations, but .I am not a member of the Senate relative to the reference of bills, President,· will the Senator yield? Committee on Military Affairs. I · have and it convinces me that the obiter dic­ Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. no personal feeling as between the two tum, to which I referred yesterday, by a Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Let us committees. If I did have any feeling of former Vice President-namely, that any . return to the inquiry propounded by the that nature it would probably be in favor bill which bears the name of the com­ Senator from Arkansas. It seems to me of the Committee on Foreign Relations. mittee to which the author of the bill de­ that We should remember that we will Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator sired to have it referred; would be re·­ not have an international question in­ from Kentucky should understand that I ferred ·to it without regard to the rules volved until we acquire domestic control' am not seeking jurisdiction for the Com­ of the Senate-is bad practic~. I do not of the problem. What I am trying to mittee on Foreign Relations. think any of these bills 'or any reference say is that we are getting the-· cart before Mr. .BARKLEY. I understand that. which has been given to them to any com­ the horse. An old colored friend of mine Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, will mittee establishes a precedent by which . used to say, "You cannot have a stew the Senator yield? the senate is bound. · until you catch a rabbit." . Mr. BARKLEY; I yield. Mr.' McMAHON. I am seeking infor­ The first thing for the Government Mr. CONNALLY. I certainly have con­ mation. Could the Committee on For­ ·to do is to acquire control of atomic cern about the · international as'pects of -eign Relations proceed to hold hearihgs energy. That is precisely what Senate . this problem. I understood the Senator on the bill -! introduced? · bill lj63 would do, and that is all 1t from Colorado to have said a while ago Mr. BAR~EY. I presume it .could would do. At the present time the whole that under this bill, when the domestic . do so . . Yes. · matter is -in a state of suspense~ The situation had been gotten in hand the 1945 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9401 I international situation would then be our formulas and processes and throw war period · is drawing to its close. Such taken up. them open to the world then, of course, legislation will both permit the uninter­ rupted continuance of the activities which Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. No; the Congress may go into the subject of pro­ are now being carried on in the field of Senator -misunderstood me.· I was re- viding fqr the domestic use of atomic atomic power and will also provide for the !erring to the Congress. energy, how it may be used and dis­ necessary domestic central supervision of Mr. CONNALLY. The Senator did not tributed, and what effect it will have on the use and development of this newly tapped say that. competition with other sources of power. , source of energy. As section 1 of the pro­ Mr. BARKLEY. In his message the I do not see how we can accomplish any­ posed bill states, "The misuse of such energy, President said that he proposed to ini- thing ·by domestic legislation. I do not by design or through ignorance, may i~­ tiate discussions. see how we can develop anything which :tlict incalculable disaster upon the Nation, destroy the general welfare. imperil the na­ Mr. CONNALLY. I understand; and I does not at the same time, if we make it tional safety, and endanger world peace." talked to the President about the matter of benefit and practical use, disclose the On the other hand, "the proper development some time ago. 'I do not wish to engage very thing about which we are so greatly and utilization of such energy will advance in debate. , I think we have 'done too concerned, namely, the rights and privi­ the national welfare, secure the national de­ mu6h talking about this matter already. , leges of other nations. fense, insure the national safety, and promote Now we are getting into a row as to what ·It has been said that we should acquire world peace, to an extent and by means committee should consider the bip. I do control of atomic energy domestically. which cannot now be measured.'' The agency entrusted with the internal control not believe that we will bave anpther war Why do we not have control of it al­ of power of such unlimited potentialities within the next 20 months. I think we ready? We furnished $2,000,000,000 for must have broad and sweeping authority to will have plenty of time to talk about an,d its development. I understand that promote the constant development of the consider the international situation. I . every dollar which was used in the de­ peaceful uses of atomic energy, and, at the was hoping that the committee which has velopment of this great and terrible in­ same time, to control every phase of its use been authorized by the Congress-! tbink ~trument was provided by the Congress so that enemies and incompetents, foreign the Senator was not present- of the United States. I have seen state- and domestic, do not bring disaster vpon the Mr. BARKLEY. No; I was not. ments to the e:ffect that England and Nation. Mr. CONNALLY. Well, it would not Canada had some rights in the atomic That statement is signed by Robert P. ' make any difference-- bomb. I have no authority for that state- Patterson, Secretary of War. Mr. BARKLEY. I agree that it would Iilent, because it is my information that Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I not make any difference whether I was they did not contribute a single dime. ask the Senator from Kentucky to yield there or not. [Laughter.] · At any rate, the developments were all to me now, because the Senator from Mr. CONNALLY'. The Senator, in' an made by employees and agencies of the Colorado referred to me. attempt to be funny, made an implic~- United States Government. · Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. tion. I meant that it would not make any The Manhattan agency was created by Mr. CONNALLY. In the letter from difference whether the, Senator was in the Army of the United States. What­ Judge Patterson, for whom I have the favor of it or not so far as the argument -ever it knows belongs to our Government. highest respect, he makes several refer­ is concerned: , - So far as ownership carries control, we ences to the preservation of world peace, . Mr. BARKLEY. . No. ' are in total control of this entire program and how important that objective is. - Mr. CONNALLY. I hope the Senator and of the secrets which may be involved. · It is the business of the War Department, will not press the matter too strongly. So, What is the use of being in a hurry not to preserve peace, but to secure , Mr. BARKLEY. I am only emphasiz- about changing the status? We have peace through armed intervention, and ing the Senator's side of the situation. control of it; it is ours, it will remain ours I do not quite agree that that depart- -. Mr. CONNALLY. I would not want until we make some disposition'of it. 'I mentis now to take over jurisdiction over to press it too strongly. object to taking action which may make world peace. The Committee on -For­ Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. President, it our ownership useless and of no value by eign Relations has been working on that seems to nie that the discussion has been· simply disclo&ing secrets which we should question for several years, and up to proceeding on t~e basis that the entire keep to ourselves. now it has received the approval of the subject is divisible as between foreign So, Mr. President, it seems to me, as Senate in what it has done. relations and domestic relations. I has been stated, that the bill is putting I wish to call attention to page 2 of gather from what has been said that the the cart before the horse, that we should the bill, li_ne 14: bill is intended to deal solely with the deal with the subject from. an interna­ domestic side of the situation. I assume tiona! standpoint. We should settle what The primary objective- that the domestic aspect inyolves the use we are going to reserve to our people, "The primary," not the secondary, not use of atomic energy domestically, indus- in our country, ancl then adjust our do­ the third, not the fourth, but- ·trially, and commercially. Otherwise I mestic a:ffairs, our commercial and 'in­ The primary objective of all action- cannot conceive of a domestic use of it, dustrial relations, to meet the program as distinguished from an international which we adopt internationally. I hope ''Of all action"- taken under or pursuant to this act shall use, so far as the circumstances under we may keep this matter on the table be the promotion of the national defense, which the matter is handled are con- until we work out some definite program. the protection of the safety of the inhabi­ cerned. How can it be dealt with do- :Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. tants of the United States, the safeguarding mestically without disclosing the secrets President, will the Senator from Ken­ of world peace. . in connection wlth it? How can we pro- tucky yield? vide for the production, distribution, and Mr. BARKLEY. I shall yield to the Yet, it is said the· bill does not in any use of it as an element of power if we do Senator from Colorado, and then I shall way trench on the jurisdiction of the not hold open to the public the very.ele- ask that I be permitted to make my Committee on Foreign Relations. If the ments which we all regard as being im- statement. desire is to take over the Committee on portant and which should be preserved Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr.· Foreign Relations and .put it in the Com­ for the benefit of our own people and our President, secretary Patterson gave us mittee on Military Affairs, do it. by a for­ own Nation? the answer to the point which has been mal resolution, but do not do it by chip­ So, Mr. President, it seems to me that, raised by the senator from Alabama, and ping and chiseling off matters of this in a proper. and orderly way, we must I think the point raised by the Senator kind. . . first deal with both aspects of the prob- from Texas. I should like to read the It seems tome that the Committee on . I lem. We should first deal with the in- paragraph containing his answer. He Military Affairs has plenty of work to .do. ternational aspect, and decide whether said: I am not criticizing the committee. I the secrets ·associated with atomic ener- am hoping it will attend to its work.. I . gy and its processes shall be held excll;l- I urge the immediate enactment of such a think the Committee on Military Affairs sively by our Government for the bene- statute- - would do well to see that the ,Ariny puts fit of our country, or whether they shall As Senate b:Ul 1463- , on a little more speed in getting our boys be disclosed to the other nations of the I urge the immediate enactment of such a out of the Army. I think the Committee world. If it is decided to make public statute ~ a prime necessity now that the on M!litary Affairs could do rather well 9402 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 4 in demobilizing the tremendous Army of Mr. President, we are fonfronted here ment legislation was referred, not to the generals we have, along with some of the with a concrete situation. If we are not Committee on Postwar Economic Policy boys. Instead of promoting every few to hurry about it, and thete should not and Planning but to another committee. days another list of generals, major gen- be any haste· about it, and it is not an That committee had no jurisdiction to erals, and others, it seems to me some of emergent· matter, as the S;=mator from have bills referred to it. the lieutenant generals and others Texas contends, the President should not Mr. -President, I contend that even if . should be made to go back to their peace" have sent his message here yesterday. the House should agree to the concurrent time ranks. We have something to do The President of the United States resolution, the joint committee could not with the draft, a subject to which the thought it was of sufficient importance have bills referred to· it for consideration. Committee on Military A1Iairs might well to justify a message yesterday, which · · Let me read the terms of the concurrent address itself. There is a vast field of deals with a domestic problem, and he resolution adopted by the Senate on the jurisdiction which the Committee on might well ~ have stopped there and not 27th day of September. Military. Afi'airs has. mentioned the international phases, but Section 1 sets up the joint committee There is no great rush and urgency in order that the Congress and the coun­ of the two Houses; six Members of each about the matter we are discussing. try and the world might know that he, House. Everyone seems to be alarmed. I think had in ·mind the international situation, Section 2 ·provides the jurisdiction of we will survive the atomic bomb. We he went on further to say that he was the committee, what it may do. I shall have survived the :floods and the storms. going to initiate discussions, first with read that to the Senate: · of the past, the plague, the black death, Canada and England, which have had SEc. 2. It shall be the duty of the joint barbarian invasions, conquests, and rev- some ·share. in this matter, although we committee to make a full and complete study olutions. So I thinlt we should use a contributed the major part of the money. and investigation with respect to the develop• little judgment. To rush this thing be- I do not suppose we are going to con­ ment, control, and use of atomic energy, with fore the Senate, demand that every com- tend that brains did not have something · a view to assisting Congress in dealing with mittee· get out of the way arid give the to do with this activity, as well as money. the problems presented by its development, green light to the Committee on Military Brains and money and · research· ability contra~. and use. ·The j9int committee shall A1Iairs, is not consistent with the proper of the United States and Canada and report to the Senate and House of Repre­ sentatives at the earliest practicable date the solution of the 'problem before us. Great Britain contributed to the atomic results . of its study and investigation, to­ . Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, , bomb. Are we saying that because vie gether with such recommendations as 1t will the Senator from Kentucky-yield to put up the money, because we had the ' deems advisable. · . me? money· to put up--which would have Mr. BARKLEY. :i: yield to· the Sena.- . been futile Without some brains--we-are That is all .the jurisdiction it has. tor from Micliigan,..then I shall no~ yield not going to .consult· with our two friend- M·r: LUCAS. · Mr. President,. will the to any other Senator until I. mak.e at · ly'allies who helped wor-k this ·thing out? · Senator yield?- least . o~ . consecutive statement.. -In that.spirit.the....Pr.esident said first he Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. Mr. vANDENBERG. I should like to . wo.uld consult- with. Canada· ·and Great. Mr:. LUCAS. ; .The Senator.. a moment.. . . call the attenti-on of the Senator from , Britain, and then with the other nations, ago was discussing. the committe.a. .whi:Cb . Texas to some additional language in the · as to the international phases of · the was established . to deal with postwar . bill which is to be referred to the Com- problem. · problems. Legislation dealing witb post- mittee on Milltary A1Iairs. I suggest We.have a bill before us, Mr .. President, war problems was introduced and re­ that he start at the beginning at the bot- , : and I suppose the Senate, Under_ the !erred by: agreement. not only to the . tom of page 5, where the.bill proposes to parliamentary. situation · must , decide Proper committee having jurisdiction,· create a commission, the activities of where the bill· shall go. I contend that J:>ut ·also to the postwar committee. I which ''shall be carried on in accordance- even ·if the concurrent: resolution ,adbpt- ask the Senator thts- question: Does he with the basic principles established. by · ed by the .Senate a . few days ago had . not believe tbat the question of atomic , the President." What principles? Prin- . been adopted by . the House of Repre- ·. energy ·is far more- important-than-any ciples "in the promotion of international sentatives and were· .now· a completed ' postwar planning which· was · considered peace, the Q.evelopment of foreign policy, · act, the' bill could not go to. the com- by the George committee? . . and· the safeguarding of the natiqnal de- mittee created by the resolution. We ate Mr. BARKLEY. Of course I do. I :cnse." . trying to streamline Congress, we are . think that atomic energy may determine If one tried to identify. the functions. . trying to reduce the number. of commit- . ' the fate Qf civilization. of the Committee on Foreign Relations . tees. The Senator. from Wisconsin [Mr. Mr. LUCAS. I agree with the Sena- any more closely t}lan·that, I do not know LA FoLLETTE] and other Senators have tor. how he·would do it. · been working diligently for months in·an · Mr. BARKLEY. But I am reading Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, if I attempt to find some procedure by which from the concurrent resolution ·giving may comment upon that, and upon the the committee system of the two Houses, jurisdiction to this joint committee, and -reference of the Sen~tor. from Texas to and especially the Senate, may be based· nowhere in the resolution is there any the language on page 2, and assign to the upon a more scientific, modern, and in- provision giving jurisdiction to the joint various categories the importance they telligent foundation. I do not know committee to have bills referred to it. are given in the ·bill, I might say that, what they will finally report on that. It may bring in any recommendation it quoting the language en page 2, "The - We have had a similar situation be- · · wants to. ·u may write a bill and recom­ primary objective of all action taken fore· us heretofore. We created a Com- mend it. But after it has done that, the under or pursuant to this act shall be · mittee on Postwar Activities, of . which bill must be referred to a standing com­ the promotion of the national defense." the Senator froni Texas and I were both mittee of the Senate just as was done in That is the first objective, according to · memhers, and_oLwhich the Senator fr.om . the case of the Postwar Economic Policy . the language. Then "the protection of Georgia [Mr. GEORGE] was the chairman. and Planning Committee. So I do not the safety of the inhabitants of the . We held hearings· for months on .recon- see how the Senator from Michigan can United States.'' That is another matter version and surplus property and all contend that the concurrent resolution of defense. Next, "the safeguarding of kinds of postwar problems which face- adopted a few days ago by the Senate world peace." this Nation. We made reportn to the · authorizes reference of a bill to the joint So that on page 2, the question of · Seriate. That committee had no juris- · committee with jurisdiction to act upon world peace is No. 3 in the category, and . diction to consider bills.. No bill intra- ·it. It is not a standing committee. It . on page 5 it seems to be No. 1. The ~ duced here. could l;>e referred to.. that c.om- )s .. a joint .committee, and we have all . activities are to be "carried on in accord~ mittee. The committee recoJpmended realized the futility of creating jurisdic­ ance with the basic principles established , some things to the Senate, and bills tion in joint committees or special in­ by the President in the promotion of in- were drawn, and the surplus-property · vestigating .. committees. Such a .com­ ternational peace, the development of bill recommended by-that committee-was mittee may .have proposed h~gislation r.e­ foreign policy, and the .safeguarding of _referred . to tlie Committee on Milit.ary- !erred to it. Only in the case of the the national-. defense." . So that .in both Afi'airs. . The . unemployment compen:- . Committee on Reorganization, as -I re­ those sentences the question ~ of national sation measure was referred to the Com- ·call, -since Lhave· been a Member of the defense arises.. mittee on Finance. The full employ- ·Senate, was any jurisdiction given to a 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9403 special committee to report a bill to the should be appointed, would have to be Mr. VANDENBERG. VI/ill the Senator Senate of the United States and have it . referred to a standing committee, be- permit me one further observation, and placed upon the calendar as if it were a cause nowhere in the resolution is juris- then I shall desist? report from a standing committee of the diction given the joint committee tore- Mr. BARKLEY. One more, yes. Senate. ' port a bill and have it placed on the cal- Mr. VANDENBERG. I respectfully Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, endar of the United States Senate. suggest to the Senator that if speed is will the Senator yield? Mr. VANDENBERG. If the Senator what is insisted on in answer to this Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. will allow me, he has accurately de- question, we are far more calculated to - Mr. VANDENBERG. With the great-· scribed the status of the concurrent res- get speedy decision if we concentrate ~ est respect in the world for the Senator's olution; but in spite of all his vehemence, the whole problem in one place than if opinion and for his argument, I am I submit to him .that he makes it sound we split it into half a dozen segments bound to say that I think it is totally like a far more interminable process and send it all over the Capitol for si­ technical in nature. than it is calculated to be. The leader- multaneous considen.tion by half a Mr. BARKLEY. Well, Mr. Presi­ ship of the House, if it wants to act on dozen different committees. dent-- what the President of the United States Mr. BARKLEY. The Senator knows Mr. VANDENBERG. Will the Senator told us was. his view of the way it should that it cannot be split up into segments allow me-- be handled, can adopt the concurrent and sent all over the place. Mr. BARKLEY. Yes; I will permit the resolution tomorrow . . If the House is · Mr. VAND~NBERG. That is exactly Senator to enlarge upon his technicality. unwilling to do that, if It is the consid- what the Senator is proposing. Mr. VANDENBERG. It seems to me ered viewpoint of those in charge of this Mr. BARKLEY. The bill must go to that if the joint Houses of Congress by legislation that tf\is process should not one committee or another. their solemn action assert their belief be followed, I quite agree that we should Mr. McMAHON: Mr. President, will that this problem is so big that it ought not postpone a decision interminably, the Senator yield? to be integrated into one consideration but I suggest to the Senator, in view Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. ·in the first instance by a joint commit­ of the fa.ct that the Senate has acted, in Mr. McMAHON. Blessed is the role tee, that by the very nature of that ac- view of the fact that the House Rules of the·peacemaker. . .: tion the Congress would be indicating its Committee has approveout that. · which may be involved / in legislation that at least in the name of a fair con- Mr. McMAHON. Is there not some­ which may have been introduced here ·Sideration of the Senate's viewpoint we thing to this suggestion: With full ap­ shall be surveyed. · Of course: there is ab­ ought to be willing to wait a few days preciation of the fact that we have been solutely nothing in the language of the to see whether the House will not con- criticiz2d for having too many standing concurrent resolution which would con­ cur with its own Rules Committee and committees of the Senate, and realizing fine the jurisdiction of the joint commit­ agree with tbe judgment of the Senate. ·that a special or joint committee cannot teJ in respect to every possible aspect of Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I was report legislation, would not the proper ·the a;ffair: It can read every bill that has not present, at the conference to w1lich ' solution of it :be the exception proving been introduced.· It can consider every the Senatol"" refers, and I do not know the rule? Is not this the time for the problem that· is contained in every bill. what the President said in that confer- formation by this body of a standing It can have the testimony of the author ence, but evidently the President's mes- committee on atomic el).ergy to handle of every bill. It can take complete cog­ sage delievered t.o . us yesterday is his the problem? Of course the Senator nizance of ·every phase of the matter. It last word on the subject. will appreciate, as we all do, I am sure- does not require any technical reference Mr. VANDENBERG. That has no : because he has named them-that vari- of bills to it. And when it has concluded bearing on the question here. · ous committees would have some -claim ·it can mak·e a recommendation in the Mr. BARKLEY. I think it has not . to jurisdiction of this question. Could form of a bill, in the form of a general only .a bearing on it, but it has a funda- we not obviate the -difficulty and do the ·recommendation, in any other form, and . mental bearing, because the President job more speedily and better if we had the Congress then can proceed, through evidently not only was not willing to a standing committee of the Senate to its regular legislative channels, to act wait to see what the House might do deal with the problem, which is going upon this concentrated judgment· of the with respect to the copcurrent resolu- to shape the future of this world? If agents of the joint House and Senate. . tion, but was unwillin-g to wait until the .that is not sufiiciently important to jus­ I do not think, if the Senator will -per­ committee proposed to be created by the tify a new standing committee of the mit me, that it makes much difference concurrent resolution might go into an Senate, then the existence of any one whether or not there can be any tech­ interminable investigation and report of them is not justified. nical legislative jurisdiction assumed by back to the two Houses. Otherwise I Mr. BARKLEY. If the Senator wishes this joint committee. cannot conceive why the President me to answer his question categorically, Mr. BARKLEY. . Mr. President, it would have :sent his message to Congress my answer, i~ "No." seems to me that we have a situation yesterday . and ask for urgent action Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the here which we cannot lose sight of. upon legislation dealing with a domestic Senator yield? - Here is a bill. This is not a concurrent problem. Mr. BARKLEY. Just a moment. resolution setting up a ~ommittee. It is Mr. VANDENBERG. Does the Sena- For many months we have had agi- not a concurrent resolution au~horizing tor think that the investigation of the tation for the creation in. the Senate-of an investigation. Here is a bill intro­ joint committee would be any more in- a committee on aviation. Resolutions duced by the Senator from Colorado, terminable than the investigation of the . ha:ve been intro~uced looki~g ~o the cre:­ and it is entitled to reference under the Military Affairs Committee? atwn of a com~1tt~e on aviatiOn, on t?e rules of the Senate to a standing com­ , ground that aviatiOn created a special mittee, and it cannot be referred to any­ Mr. BARKJ::EY. Yes, I do, ~ecause I situation which was more important thing except a standing committee. ~~ow some~hmg about the hiStory of . than the jurisdiction of any. committee. The Senator from Michigan is asking Jomt committees. I have be~n a mem- We have not seen fit to do that, because us to hold up the reference of this bill ber of one or two such comrmttees. But the Committee on Interstate Commerce until the other House acts on a concur­ regardless of the joint committee's ac- and the committee on Commerce have rent resolution which has not yet been tion, regardless of the action of the Sen- jurisdiction of the subjects which are adopted, setting up a joint committee ate Committee on Military Affairs, or referred to them. The Committee on which has not yet been created, and npon its promptness or speed upon the sub- Interstate Commerce has jurisdiction of . which no. jurisdiction is conferred to ject, I know that an identical bill intra- . railroads, bus lines, and radio, and for have a bill referred to it, and in the duced yesterday by the chairman of the awhile had jurisdiction of aviation leg­ . meantime this bill is to lie on the table, Committee on Military Affairs of the islation. Then by some sleight-of-hand although any bill which the joint com­ _House has already been referred to the . performance, jurisdiction was taken mittee might recommend, if the concur­ Committee on Military Affairs of that away from that committee and given to rent resolution should be adopted by the body and they are proceeding at once . the Committee on Commerce. I am not other House and the joint committee to hold hearings on the su_bject. arguing the merits of -that action .. 9404 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER 4 I do not believe that the Senate needs gress, in conjunction with the executive passed in the House and sent over here, any more committees. I r.ather think branch of the Government must deal. I and we shall then be in the same position that we might get alona with fewer com- may be mistaken but that is my con­ in which we now are. We shall' not know mittees. But that is a matter for the sidered judgment. where to send it. ·consideration of the committee which is I do not quite understand why there I am not concerned over· whether the going to streamline the Congress. I do is such insistence upon this bili' com­ bill goes to the Committee on Military not believe that the situation justifies ing before us at this particular time. 'Affairs, the· Com·mittee on Foreign Re­ the creation of a new committee, be- It seems to me that it might lie over for lations, the Committee on Agriculture cause if a new committee were created, a day or two, or even longer, until further and Forestry, the Committee on Inter­ it would have to be composed of inem- advice and counsel might be had on the state Commerce, the Committee on the bers of other committees which are now question of what to do. We all wish to Library, or the Committee on the District standing committees of the Senate, and .do what will be in the best interests of of Columbia. It ought to go to some I do not believe we would be justified in America, her security and defense. That committee. The President of the United adding to the number of standing com- is the big problem. When we read the States thought it was important enough mittees of the Senate. bill and talk about the primary purposes to send . a message about it. A bill has Mr. H ...l. TCH. Mr." President, will the. thereof obviously international security been introduced dealing with atomic en­ Senator yield? overshadows all the rest. We are all ergy so far as our internal situation· is Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. striving for world security. Without concerned. My motion is· that the bill Mr. HATCH. The Senator has been that, the question of the protection of be laid before the · Senate so that the very· l~ ind about yielding. He has been the United States and its inhabitants and Senate may pass upon the question of interrupted a great deal. the national defense of this country, where it should go. If the Senate does Replying to. what the· Senator from means nothing, as a result of what we not wish to have the bill laid before it, Connecticut has said, I wish to point out have developed in the past few months it can keep it in cold storage until the that there is merit in the suggestion of with atomic energy, House acts, anC. then we shall be con­ the Senator from Connecticut, ex~ept in I am utterly sincere in what I am fronted with a House bil), and faced with this respect: he suggested a standing saying. I appreciate the position which the same problem which now faces us. committee. I agree ·with the Senator the Senator from Kentucky has taken. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the from Kentucky that there would be no I know that ordinarily bills are referred Senator yield for a further question? necessity for the creation of a permanent in -the manner which the Senator has Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. standing committee. The desired result described. But this is something ex­ Mr. LUCAS. Does the Senator know could be accomplished by the creation of traordinary. This question is so impor­ who prepared the bill? a select committee. It could be given tant that the rules of the Senate should Mr. BARKLEY. I do not. full authority to receive and recommend be scrapped in a second, if necessary, in Mr. LUCAS. Di-l the bill originate in legislation. I know of no rule of the Sen- · order to arrive at the proper solution. the War Department? ate which requires the reference of bills In other words, we are considering , Mr. BARKLEY. I do -not know. I to a standing committee. In fact, the rules which have been in existence think I Gan say to the Senator that it is rules of the Senate recognize that both almost since the inception of the Nation. an administration bill. select committees and standing commit- We are fooling around with "horse and Mr. LU9AS. · I wonder if any S~nator tees have power to receive legislation. buggy" rules when the world is threat­ can tell me whether or not it was pre­ Probably it would depend upon the Ian- ened with destruction by atomic energy. pared in the War Department. If the guage of the resolution creating the spe- So far as I am concerned, I would Senator from Colorado can tell me, ·I cial or select committee. · supersede any Senate rule in order to should like to know. . · ) I suggest that thought to the Senator find the correct solution. It seems to me Mr. BARKLEY. The. Senator from from c 'onnecticut if he is thinking along that we should not be quibbling over Colorado may be able to ·· answer that that line. We would not necessarily have technicalities in connection- with this question. . I am satisfied that it was to have a standing committee. · great problem. We· should not be dis- prepared in collaboration with the War Mr. McMAHON. I thank the senator. cussing technicalities involving-the refer­ Department. The War Department has Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I do ence of the bill to this committee or all t~e facts in regard to atomic energy. . not wish to occupy the time of the senate that committee. I believe that we ought Mr. LUCAS. That is correct. further. We have before us a ·concrete to postpone consideration of the ques­ . Mr. BARKLEY. They developed the situation. we have a bill on the. desk. tion until we can find the right kind of a , atomic bomb, which brought the war to Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, will the . solution. There should be unanimity of a conclusion. They have more informa­ Senator yield to me for one further ques- purpose and activity between the House tion OJ:). the subject than has any other tion? and the Senate. It is far too imp<>rtant agency of the Government. I do not Mr. BARKLEY. I yield.. to be considered in peacemeal fashion. know whether the Senator has in mind a possiJ:>le criticism .of the War Depart­ Mr. LUCAS. In the preliminary part Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President,. I do of the debate the Senator stated that not like to have any Senator think that ment if it ~ollaborated in undertaki~g to write. a. bil~ t9 carry out the President's the bill would 'go to the committee on I have been quibbling ~bout technicali­ recommendation. · Military Affairs for the sole purpose of ties. I contend-and I do not believe Mr. LUCAS. I have no criticism what­ c-ontrolling the domestic atomic energy that the col?-tentio~ can be denied-that ever. of this country. As I understand, after . the resolut1~n wh1c~ 'Ye adopted the Mr. BARKLEY. I do not believe that the President confers with Canada, Eng- . ot~er day ~1ves no J .unsdictio~ to the anyone could _have inteiligently drafted land, and other countries he will have jomt co~m1ttee to report a b11l, or to a bill without cooperating and consult­ something further to suggest with respect have a bill referred to it.. ing with the War Department about it, to the international control t>f atomic Mr. LUCAS. I agree w1th the Senator. because that Department has more in­ energy, I take it that that question will There is n~ doubt in my mind that that formation on the subject than has any be referred to the Committee on For- statement 1s correct. other agency of the Government. eign Relations of the Senate if it comes Mr. BARKLEY. We have before us a Mr. LUCAS. I heartily agree with the before us in the form of a bill or treaty, bill which is entitled to go somewhere. Senator from Kentucky, and I would be Mr. BARKLEY. Not necessarily a bill In my judgment it could not go to the the last Member. of the Senate to crit­ but any agreement entered into betwee~ proposed joint committee even if . that icize the War Department for the mag­ the President .and foreign countries. committee were now in existence. nificent job which it did in the develop­ Mr. LUCAS. If that situation de- In order to create a special committee, ment of atomic energy in this war. velops we shall have the Committee on it would be necessary to amend the rules. However, as one United States Senator, Military Affairs considering one part of In the meantime the bill would lie on the I am not willing to reave the control of the problem and the Committee on For- table, or float around in midair, while the future of atomic energy in the hands eign Relations considering another phase the companion bill has gone to the Com- · of the War Department. That is the , of it. That forcibly brings to my at- mittee on Military Affairs in the House, point I am ·making. That is why I asked tention the conviction that this is an which committee in to hold hearings .on the question with respect to who was _re­ over-an problem, with which the Con- it and report the !Jill. The bill will be sponsible· for drafting the bill. l945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9405 ·Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I should But for some reason it is insisted and In view of the word.s we have heard like to say a few words. The Senator urged that the first consideration of 'this from the Senator from New Mexico and from Kentucky has just stated that un­ great new discovery, which perhaps in view of the thinking all of us have der no circumstances could the bill be means either life or death for all civili­ done on this problem, certainly we must referred to the joint committee contem­ zation, must be undertaken by the Com-· come to the conclusion that upon its wise plated by the Senate resolution which was m1ttee on Milita·ry Aff.airs and by no and statesmanlike solution will depend recently adopted, and that unless the bill other committee. Mr. President, I am not only the peace of our people but the was .sent to one of the present standing opposed to that. peace of the world. When we think committees it would probably float If the bill is not to go to the special about it we realize, as the Senator from around and go nowhere. / joint committee, I would rather have it· New Mexico so graphically stated, that Mr. President, I am not particular go to any other committee of the Senate the Committee on Agriculture · would whether the bill goes to the joint com­ than the Committee on Military Affairs have a claim to consideration of this bill. mittee authorized by the Senate concur­ or the Committee on Naval Affairs. Far The Committee on Interstate Commerce, rent resolution, unless that com ittee is better would it be to send it to the Com­ the Committee on Commerce, the Com­ to have some authority to accomplish the mittee on Foreign Relations, the com­ mittee on Foreign Relations, the Com­ purposes of the bill. If' what has been mittee which is primarily concerned with mitte~ on Naval Affairs, and the Com­ said here today is correct, we did an idle foreign affairs and with maintaining the mittee on Military Affairs-all of them­ and futile thing the other day when we peace of the world, for if this· discovery would have P, claim to its consideration. adopted Senate Concurrent Resolution is to have any beneficial use to mankind So it would seem to me the sensible thing 28. I was present on the day when the it will be as an instrument of peace. to to du, as long as there is not going to resolution was adopted in the commit­ prevent war, not as an instrument to pro­ ·be a )oint committee, is to c1~eate a se­ iee, and I was present the day belore it mote war. Certainly the bill belongs to lect committee of nine members to deal was adopted, when the committee refused the Committee on Foreign Relations far with the matter. Therefore, I ask unan":' to act until after the President of the more than it does to the Committee on .imous consent for the ·consideration of United States had been consulted. It Military Affairs. • the resolution. .. was the view of the Committee on For­ Mr. President, it was setting the cart The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is· eign Relations that all matters relating before the horse to say that we must con­ there objection? to the control a}ld rise of atomic energy­ sider its use domestically before we con­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I object. and that· includes bills and resolutions, sider its use internationally. I say it was Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I if. it means anything-should have con­ used internationally since the day the would have to object, under the circum­ sideration by the special joint committee. atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. stances. However, I should like to. say Otherwise why · was the resolution It was then a tremendous force in inter­ that I agree that if there is not to be adopted? What is the purpose in con­ national affairs and it has continued to joint congressional consideration of . it, ducting studies to advise Congress if the be such a force up to this time. Who it might far better go tc.. a special Sen­ Congress is to proceed to enact laws to knows what effect it had -on the confer­ -ate committee, rather than to be parceled control the use of atomic energy without ence of-foreign minister~ which has ju.st out to divers ~ and sundry otheF Senate any reference to the work of the joint ·ended in London, or what good or bad committees. . committee? I do not like to do foolish effects it may have had? The cart is not But if the able senior Senator from things. I do not like to see the Congress ahead of the horse. The horse is far·out Connecticut will 'permit me to say a word; do foolish things. Unless the joint com­ ahead of the cart and perhaps the coun­ now that the issue has been drawn, I mittee has some purpose, unless it has try and the Congress. Today the world wish to state that I think we should set­ the power to recommend ·and even to in­ is far more vitally concerned with this tle it. The question is :;;imply whether fluence and direct legislation on this sub­ discovery than are potential domest-ic the problem of atomic energy, in its ini­ ject, the committee should not be created. users in the United States. We can g'et tial consideration, shall be given to the Mr. President, 1 am particularly con­ along without atomic energy domesti­ highest possible authority which Con-· cerned about having the present' bill go cally. The world is not going to get gress can create for that purpose and 'to the Committee on Military Affairs. I along without it international~y. We whether it shall concentrate that au­ said yesterday that I have the highest may think we have the secret; but, Mr. thority in one place, or whether we shall respect for that great committee. But President, niark this: As Winston send the bill to the Committee on Mlli­ that committee is a war .committee. Churchill said in the House of Commons, tary Affairs, whether 'we shall send an­ That is its purpose; that is what it was we are ahead of the rest of the world 2, other bill to the Committee on Fore~g n created for; that is what concerns it 3, or perhaps 4 short years which are Relations, and thus parcel out the sub­ always-measures of war, measures of going to pass, and pass very quicldy. ject piecemeal. destruction, not measures of peace. But whether it is 1 or 2 or 4 years, the Mr. AUSTIN. Mr. President, I shall This bill does not relate to the military world is going to catch up with us even not detain the S:mate for more than a activities of this country. Read it word in the production and the manufacture moment. I shall vote "nay" on the mo­ by word and line by1ine and you will find and use of atomic energy. tion. One of the re..asons which seems to nothing relating to the military activi­ Internationally it comes first. The bill me adequate justification for my position ties of the Nation. I am glad it does not; should go to the Committee on Foreign is that we are now dealing with the pub-· I am glad the bill recognizes the fact that Relations. It should not go to the Com­ lie policy of the United States regarding atomic energy means something more mittee on Military Affairs. the most vital new idea that has come than war and the destFuction of human The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The into our possession in all our history. lives. Thi~ bill is not predicated upon question is· on agreeing to the moti~n of It is the duty of Congress to declare that that theory. Mr. President, incidentally, the Senator from Kentucky. · public policy. It is the duty of Congress atomic energy will be a military force if Mr. McMAHON. Mr. · President, after to lead in thought upon the subject in war ever comes again-of course· it will consulting with the· Parliamentarian, I order that the policy may be sound and be. But so is wheat and so is corn and P,m informed that i would have to obtain good for the security and peace of all so is every other -product of the farm. un'animous consent to offer a resolution mankind and that there may be benefi­ A war cannot be conducted without agri­ to create a commitfee of nine members, cent results from this tremendous gift to culture, and so we might far better send to be appointed by the President pro mankind of an unrevealed pow~r. this bill to the Committee on Agriculture tempore, to deal with atomic energy. I Therefore, we should not hastily take rather than to the Committee on Mili­ desire to ask unanimous consent for that the construction which some Member of tary Affairs, if that is the reason back of purpose, and. I should like to obtain it, Congress has handed to us in the form it. The Committee on Public Lands­ for the reason that the creation-of such of a bill, such as the one about which we and perh9,ps most of the deposits of the a ·committee would give the Senators who have been discussing, and use it as the ores will be taken from the public laudE­ believe that this problem should be taken only basis upon which to make our might have jurisdiction over this bill. care of immediately a sensible way_of studies. When the Senate adopted the The Committee on Mines and Mining disposing of this bill, instead of letting concurrent resolution providing for a spe­ might have jurisdiction over it. Both of jt float around, as the Senator from Ken­ cial joint committee our theory was that those matters are mentioned. But mili­ tucky so graphically stated a few mo- the committee would do the necessary tary affairs are not mentioned. ments ago. · preliminary work in order to formulate a

' 9406 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE OCTOBER '4 policy and submit it perhaps in the form of creating a standing committee of the · bill should not be referred to the commit­ of a bill. CertainlY we thought that a Senate for the purpose of dealing with tee provided for under the resolution bill wllJch would be the product of a spe­ problems of scientific discoveries and because it has no jurisdiction to have a cial study by a joint committee especially research? . bill referred to it any more than hereto­ appointed for that purpose, would be . Mr. VANDENBERG. We certainly did fore has any other joint or special com­ more wisely conceived than would a bill give consideration to whether or not the · mittee had jurisdiction to have bills re­ which would be handed to us from some subject could be referred to one standing ferred to it. other source. committee, and that is precisely a ques- · I wish to say to the Senate that when Mr.. President, I am apprehensive that tion about which we came to a conclu- it concludes its business today I contem­ delay in this matter will be harmful. I sioh, namely, that there is no standing plate·moving an adjournment until Man­ therefore hope to see as prompt consid­ committee which can assume jurisdic- day next in order that in the meantime eration given to the policy by the joint tion. Members may ·think the matter over committee as can reasonably be given. Mr. ELLENDER. My inquiry is with and not take action now. I am perfectly I certainly hope that no standing com .. reference to the creation of a standing willing to withdraw my motion to have I mittee of the Senate will report to the committee of the Senate for the purpose the Chair lay the bill before the Senate Senate any bill before it has had the of studying riot only atomic energy but so that the Senate may act upon the benefit of advice of the special joint' com­ all scientific discoveries and research matter one way or the other. There­ mittee. If we ever needed in advance which may need the attention of the fore, Mr. President, I now withdraw my the benefit of special study in the prep­ Congress. motion that the Chair lay the bill before aration of legislation in connection with Mr. VANDENBERG. I think that the the Senate. a matter of this nature, that need is now. field of scientific evolution is of such Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. Presfdent, For that reason, and as the only course vital concern .to the future of America I missed hearing a portion of the Sena­ for me to take, I oppose the motion, and that it might well have that sort of con- tor's statement. What is his further · when the opportunity is afforded to vote sideration in both House of Congress. purpose .after the motion has been de­ upon it I €Xpect _to vote "No." But I respectfully submit to the Senator termined? I do not wish to express opposition to from Louisiana that we could proceed Mr. BARKLEY. I merely stated that the policy which has been explained without any conflict in respect to this I did not wish to coinp: l the senate to here, but I assert now that this bill does fundamental action with which we meet act hastily or precipitantly on my mo­ not take care of the fundamental policy ·the specific question which is now con- tion; that in my judgment, even if the with respect to secrecy, or with respect to fronting us. other House adopts the concurrent reso- whether the control which has been sug­ Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, I am lution which the Senate adopted t· .c .gest.ed shall be exclusive. This bill ·against the motion made by of our distin- other day, this -bill cannot be referred would delegate the policy-making power guished majority leader. I am in entire to the committee to be appointed under o(Congress to an appointive commission. agreement that the bill which has been the resolution. · However, in order that Listen to these words: introduced by the able senior Senator we may have a day or two in which to The Commission shall have plenary super­ from ·Colorado [Mr. JoHNSON] should lie think the matter over, and contemplat­ vision and control, so far as the jurisdiction on the table until such time as a stand- ing an adjournment until next Monday of the United States extends, over all sources ing committee of the Senate for scientific when we conclude our b'usines;:; today, I of atomic energy and over all matters con­ discoveries and research or a joint com- am withdrawing. my motion and leaving nected with research on the transmutation of mit tee of the Senate·and House of Repre- atomic species, the production of nuclear sentatives has been created by the Con- the bill on the table where it is now, and where it wc;mld be if my .p1otion were _ fission, and the release of atomic energy. gress. rejected. Congress does not, therefore, exercise All of us know that dUring the war its highest funct'ion of establishing and many new discoveries were made. We - The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The promulgating public policy of the United have spent millions of the taxpayers' dol- Senator from Kentucky has withdrawn lars in research ·during the war. The his motion. S~ates with reference to this new energy. 'b'l Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I had Congress "passes the buck." Congress Congress should assume the responsi 1 - suggested that the Senate would adjourn turns over a very important duty to a ity of determining the extent to which commission which is to be established · recent discoveries made at Government until Monday, but I am_reminded that under the proposed legislation. Per­ expense may be used for the betterment tomorrow there will be a joint meeting haps the time may come when Congress of our people. Unless we take a hand 'in the Hall of the other House for the will do that. I am not undertaking to some of these discoveries may find their purpose of receiving and doing honor to . way in the hands of manufacturers who Admiral Nimitz. Therefore it will be diE~uss the merits of this proposal. I am merely showing sufficient reason why I will take hold of t.hem. as their own and necessary for the Senate to meet at noon ch~rge the American public unconscion- tomorrow, and join the Members of the £.hall vote "no" on the motion. other House for the purpose of receiv­ Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, I able prices for their use. I know that it ing and honoring Anmiral Nimitz. How- wish to propound a question to the dis­ would be to the advantage of our Nation "" tinguished Senator from Michigan [Mr. to have studies made not alone by a. joint ever, it is not contemplated that any ·VANDENBERG]. . committee, but by standing committees legi~lation will be taken up tomorrow. V:/hat is the status of the concurrent of both Houses of Congress. DAN c . IioDGERS resolution which the Senator submitted Mr. President, I am informed that our The PRE3IDING OFFICER laid be­ to the Senate some time ago and which ·able majority leader is about to withdraw fore the S3nate the amendment of the has been discussed today in the course .his motion so I will defer any further House of Representatives to the bill of this debate? discussion on the subject. (S. 694) for the relief of DJ.n· C. Rodgers, Mr. VANDENBERG. The concurrent Mr. BARKLEY . . Mr. President, I have which was, on page 1, line 6, to strike out resolution was unanimously reported to .no desire to precipit~te a hasty decision "$4,113" and insert "$3,113." · the Senate by the Foreign Relations in regard to this subject. I have no Mr. CORDON. I move that the Sen­ Committee, and unanimously adopted desire that a decision shall be hastily .ate concur in the amendment of the by the Senate. It was sent to the House made with reference to where the bill House. The bill is a relief bill, which of Representatives and there referred to should go, or whether it should be re .. was introduced by me, and I am fa::1iliar the House Rules Committee.. In that ferred to any ·committee. The parlia- with the facts . committee a substitute resolution which . mentary situation is such that the Chair The motion was agreed to. had been offered by a distinguished Mem­ ,cannot refer the biU in the way he ordi­ ber of the other House, cover1ng pre­ narily does, and the Senate itself cannot DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC cisely the same grounds, was substituted do so unless the bill is laid down. That ENERGY for the Senate concurrent resolution and is why I made the motion that the Chair . Mr. WILLIS. Mr. President, I am sure unanimously reported to the House. It lay the bill before the Senate so that the th~t every Senator has read the message now awaits the actio"n of the House. Senate may determine to what commit- of the President regarding the subject of 1'.1r. ELLENDER. When the Senator . tee it shall be referred. atomic energy with the same intense in­ prepared his concurrent resolution, did I am convinced that if the House .terest that I did. I should not presume he give any thought to the proposition adopts the concurrent resolution, this on the time of other Senators were it not 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9407 for the overwhelming· importance of We know that we shall use atomic ment of the Senate numbered 2, and agree to atomic energy in the world today. energy as an instrument of peace. We the same with an amendment as follows: As we all know, the fact that this en­ do not know what is in the minds of Omit-the- matter proposed to be im:erted by the Senate amendment and, on page 3 of ergy has teen harnessed has had a great leaders of other nations. As far as that the House bill, after the period in line 15, effect on our foreign policy and on the .goes, we have trouble figuring aut al­ insert the following~ "No person who is serv­ foreign policies of all other major powers. ready how far certain leaders want to ing under an enlistment contracted on or It is undoubtedly going to be the bigge$t extend their physical influence under after June 1, 1945, shall be entitled, before subject in the field of international rela­ the guise of lil~erating people from the expiration of the period of such enlist­ tions for some time to come. nazism and fa~cism . ' ment, _to enlist for an enlistment period To my mind, it is utterly nonsensical which will eJ.'J)ire before the expiration of the Therefore, I repeat, I read the Presi­ enlistment period for which he is so serving"; dent's message with deep thoughtfulness. to talk of giving away secrets of such anct the Senate agree to the seme. , I agree with many of his points, although vast import a.nd power to other nations Amendment numbered 3: That the House I would place more emphasis on keeping at this time. Perhaps the day will recede from its disagreement to the amend­ secret the important scientific and in­ come-certainly we all hope it will' ment of the Senate numbered 3, and agree dustrial techniques by means of which come-when freedom and truth and to the same with an amendment as follows: atomic ene:rgy is used to make atomic justice will reign. throughout the earth (1) .Before the words "in the Regular Mili­ tary or Naval Establishment" insert "prior bombs than did the President in ~is mes­ and the mind of man will contemplate to February 1, 1946,"; sage. war only as a historical subject. But (2) On page 4, line 21, of the House bill, As we all know. the Congress already that day certainly has not come yet, after the word "annual", insert· "enlisted"; has indicated its desires in this direction. and .when we look at the moves on the (3) On .page 5, lines 16 and 17, of the We in this body have placed ourselves on checkerbaa1·d of power politics, we know House bill, strike out "forthwith"; and record as favoring congressional partici­ that it will not come by next Tuesday -at (4) On page 5, line 20, of the House bill, pation in all plants for developing atomic · 3 o'clock. after the words "in advance", insert "at his option." energy, and there is little doubt that the The ~ajority of Congress, the over­ cencurrent' resolution introduced by the whelming majority of the people-in And the Senate agree to the same. Amendmant numbered 4: That the House distinguished senior Senator from Mich­ fact, ail except a few. naive, tru5ting, recede .from its disagreement to the amend­ igan [Mr. VANDENBERG] will be passed by generous souls in Washington, New York, ment of the Senate numbered 4, and agree to the House. Certainly the problem is of and Chicago-want us of this body and the same with an amendment· as follows: broad potentialities, and should be ex­ our colleagues in the House of Repre­ Strike out "July 1, 1947" in such amendment plored by an over-all committee. sentatives to watch carefully every de­ and insert in lieu thereof "July 1, 1946"; and Whether or not the President should velopment in the :field of atomic energy, the Senate agree to the same. have the power to appoint memb3rs of a and to guide those developments with Amendment numbered 7: That the House commission, with the advice and consent the greatest- of skill The majority of the recede from its disagreement to the amend~ people want ·us to keep our natioual se­ ment of the Senate numbered 7, and agree of this body, as he suggests, is a ques­ to ·the same with an amendment as follows: tion which, too, must be settled soon. crets, just as other nations are keeping In lieu of the m;1tter proposed to be insertEd Personally, I be!ie've that Members of their s~crets . As we an know, there are by the Senate amendment insert the follow~ both Houses of Congress, with represen­ portions of some nations pretend:ng to ba ing: tatives of both large political parties, our allies which Americans are not even "SEc. 14. The Secretary .of War, with the should be on the commission, if his plan allowed to visit. approval of the Philippine Government. is shan· finally be adopted. If we fail in our trust on this para­ hereby authorized to enlist in the Philippine I certai,nly agret- with the President mount question of atomic energy, not Scouts,· with pay and allowances authorized only our constituents but history itself under existing law, fifty thousand men for that use of the atomic bomb as a weapon service in the Philippine Islands, in the occu­ of war should be outlawed by all na­ will conde:mn us. pation of Japan and of lands now or formerly tions. Designating the atomic bomb as ESTATE OF GEORGE O'HARA subject to Japan, at1d elsewhere in the Far an ''outlaw" as far as war is concerned The PRESIDING OFFICER lisher of the Oregonian, rule book written at Quebec, Teheran, Yalta, the press, radio, and motion-picture leaders made before the club the previous week, just alfd Potsdam is outmoded. New agreements of America and of the British Common­ after amiouncement of the first bomb-that must be reached, new concepts achieved, if wealt h of Nations have not accepted the lead­ on Hiroshima. we are going to keep the peace that promises ership in this vital program. It is impera­ He expres~ e d the view that the breaking of our only salvation. tive that they do not shirk their vital re­ the atom, releasing upon the eart h a force · The moral leadership that America 'must sponsibility. wh ich was fearful to cont emplate even in its exert on the world was shaken at Teheran, It is also imPerative that our leaders and present primitive stage of development, ruled slipped badly at Yalta, and apparently van­ thos:! of the other United Nations come to out the type of international organization ished at Pot sdam. America, free from am­ the clear realization that an uninformed which had been agreed upon at San Fran­ bitions of world domination, has the oppor­ world has neither the right nor the oppor-· ci£co. This was a force which if used by evil tunity today to reassert it. tunity for a continued existence. men woulo lead either 'to world dict atorship It is significant to note that not at Quebec I believe entirely that this world cannot or to wor!d d estruction. And how could it or Teheran or Yalta or Potsdam was there stand another war. But I believe as com­ be wit hheld from evil men Unless all of man­ more than the barest discussion of the only pletely that this world is headed for such a kind appreciated its dan gers and became thing that can guarantee .peace-world-wide war and destruction unless immediate steps united upon its control? In particular, how freedom of news and information. In fact" it are taken to insure the beginning at least could atomic power be appreciated and man­ now appears probable that new and drastic of freedom of news-American style-be4 aged so long as much of m ankin d was blacked · restrictions against such procedures were at . tween the peoples of the earth. A civiliza­ out by censorship and by rigidly supervised least tactily there agreed upon. tion that is not informed cannot be free communications? In the atomic age national boundaries as and a world that is not free cannot endure. He demanded that the United Nations re­ convene in order to guarantee · t o the little we have known them no longer exist. It is very interestin g to remember in this connec­ PORTLAND ROTARY DEMANDS BARRIERS ON ATOMIC peoples of all the earth t l1 e righ t tlf the free flow of informat ion-the ·right of knowing tion that' Dr. A. H. Compton, one of Amer­ BOMB ic::t's greatest scientists, writing in 1931 about Whereas the unleashing of the atomic bomb the incalculable power which science, for the possibility of smashing the atom, said against the Japanese launches the world into geed or ill, holds over them. The suggestion was so well received that when it is finally accomplished national the atomic age and places in the h~nds of boundaries will caase to have their present mankind .. the most destructive weapon ever it was put in the .form at a resolution and importance. imagined, which threatens the very exist ence passed at the next meeting- an action with­ out parallel on the part of Portland Rotary­ The best adjustment we can hope for of of civilization itself ; an d ·whereas God .in His infinite wisdom has and one which this page sincerely hcpes will this cartain change would seem to be the vol­ m ake h istory. - · ' untary union of neighboring . n ations. I _placed t emporary con t rol of this inst rument in the hands of the President of the United Certainly there is most desperate need at would suggest that this job be done by the this particular moment t l).at the count ry and United Nations before it is done by a single States; and Whereas the atomic bomb can l:e the most the world not be allowed t o forget t he prob­ power. This job can best be done by creat­ lem of atomics. In the excitement of the ing a community of common interest based pow.,rful weapon fer peace ever given to m ort al man; an d peace negotiations there has been a tendency on common knowl~dg e and appreciation of to do just that. If we h ad gone ah ead and common vital problems that concern exist­ Whereas a third world war could result only in a world dictatorship or race suicide; blast ed more cities into dust- if W ::J were still ence itself. doing it-the words "atomic bombs" would Graat strides already have been made in and Whereas the only :Uope for permanent peace be on all lips, and all lips would be whiter selling the idea of international freedom of and Wbiter. Atomics would be the subject information under the leadership of Kent is in mutual understanding among the na­ tions of the earth, based on the free fiow of of all conversations, and ye.t so facile is the Cooper of the Associated Press, Hugh Baillie human mind that peace has to a considerable of the United Press, and the American Society common information without arbitrary re- straints; and · degree relegated the whole matt er. of Editors. It is most important that we bear in mind Recently three very able men, Wilbur For­ Whereas it is now obvious that the world as we know it cannot· continue unless there the truth contained in the open in g sen t ence rest, of the New York Herald Tribune; Cal of the Time magazine which appeared Ackerman, of Columbia University; and Ralph be a complete understanding among all na­ Friday: tions; and McGill, of the Atlanta Constitution, made a "The greatest and most terrible of wars world-wide tour in the interest of free-fiow- Whereas the only way this mutual under­ ended this week in the echoes of an enor­ ing news. - standing can be brought abol.ft is by the mous event-an event so enormous that rela­ insurance of the free flow of news and in­ Their main objective was to have included tive to it the war itself shran~ ·to minor in forthcoming peace treaties the pledges formation throughout the world: Therefore significance." · ~ of governments "not to censor news at the be it That is the size of the situation. We mc.y source, not to use the press as an instru­ R esolved, That the Rotary Club of Port­ pour paper into the streets in celebration ment of national policy, and to permit a free land, Oreg., il} meeting duly assembled, re­ of peace; we may break windows, tip over flow of news in and out of signatory coun­ spectfully petition the President of. the !fUtomobiles, kiss the girls, drink the liquor tries." United States to call immediately a con­ stores dry, turn handsprings, and call up all · One of the revealing incidents of their trip ference of the United Nat1ons to outline a the family and friends by long distance. But came in thefr visit to Moscow, where they new and streamlined peace in keeping with the world has before it the g_ray morning of f::>und "an expression of willingness to· seek this new age of m an and looking forward to awakening to a realization that the war a common ground in the matter of freer the elimination of political censorships and ended because of a new power, which, as er.change of news and more fair · and ade- · the elimination of all other arbitrary or Time says, llas made the war itself shrink quate mutual writing and reporting." artificial barriers which prevent mutual un­ into insignificance-a po\\·er which must But, our American representatives also derstanding by the nations of the earth. It work for the angels if it is not to fall into discovered that Russian editors feel that ' is further suggested that the atomic age the hands of Lucifer and work for the de­ their government-directed newspapers rep .. has made former diplomatic agreements ob­ struction of all of'us. resent the real free pres.... rather than the solete and the new peace must guarantee And here is a ·case where we a.re all broth­ private publications of America . . As the equable US3 of world-wide communication ers, from end to end a,nd side to side of the by all nations as well as world-wide freedom late Constantine· Oumanski once said in earth. Mankind can hc.Y~ release from its effect, "our press is absolutely free--we of press and expression; and be it further burdens through atomic power or it can have print only what the government wants." Rese>lved, That this resolution not only be death. But mankind cannot act intelligent­ In many ways the world girdling ·trip was spread upon the record, but also be given ly if it l.as no knowledge except as it i::; fed discouraging. But at least a start was made to the public prints and forwarded to the information by calculating masters. The that should have far reachi.ng. benefits. pres:dent of the Rotary International for splitting of the atom has m ade the free fiow O'i1e of them is the proposed international reference to the appropriate committee. of information and the unity of all men an conference in Australia on press freedom. absolute must if we are to get through the [From the Portland Oregonian of August' 18, For it should ever be borne in mind what crisis. Mr. Truman should read seriously .the the St. Louis Post-Dispatch said r ecently. in 19451 Rotary Club's resolution. this connect ion-"It is the first aGt of dic­ J;U:MEMBER'THE ATQM JOINT MEETING OF THE TWO HOUSES OF tators to seize press and radio and thus In its unprecedented resolution passed at CONGREEiS TO RECEIVE ADMIRAL CHE:S­ control men's minds. By the same token, Tuesday's meeting, asking President Truman 'IE.'R W. NIMITZ it should be the first act of a free world to to reconvene the United Nations to consider liberate press and radio that men be in­ problems growing cut of the atomic bomb, Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. Presjdent, I wish formed. As Thomas Jetierson said, "When Portland Rotary Club was ahead o~ the Na- again to announce that the Senate is 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 9411 invited to go to the Hall of the House UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH volt in Palestine. I do not think a revolt tomorrow, and is expected to be there at · SERVICE-JOHN R. MURDOCK has occurred yet, but I wanted to make 12:15. Therefore it is necessary that The legislative clerk proceeded to read that statement. It does not happen we assemble promptly at 12 o'clock with­ sundry nominations in the United States very often that I am misquoted by the out delay so that we may proceed to the Public Health Service. United Press. This is the first time in a Hall of the House. Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I aslt long, long time. I do not remember ever Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, has that the nominations in the United before being misquoted. But this is the Senator any legislativ~ program for States Public Health Service be con­ such an important question that I could tomorrow or for the remainder of the firmed en bloc. not pass up the bpportunity for correct­ week? Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, ing the statement officially. Mr. BARKLEY. There is no legisla­ before unanimous consent is gtanted, I I feel certain that Mr. Drury reported tion to be acted on tomorrow or the wish to say that I notice the name of my answer as I gave it to him, and that remainder of this week. · John R. Murdoclt on the list of promo­ the error occurred in the New York tions in the Regular Corps of the United office. AUTHORIZATION TO SIGN HOUSE BILL RECESs- 3£51 DURING RECESS OF THE SENATE States Public Health Service. I think the SenJ.te would like to lmow that he is Mr. BARKLEY. As in legislative ses­ Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I under­ a very able physician in the Public sion, I move that the Senate recess until stand there is a possibility that the con­ Health Service, and is the brother of the 12 o'clocl{ noon tomorrow. ference report. on House. bill 3951, the distinguished · and able Senator from The motion was agreed to; and · objection, the postmaster nominations are confirmed en bloc. became Presidential July 1, 1945. EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Myrtle A. Garaventa, Davenport, Calif. That completes the calendar. Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. The following favorable reports of Mr. BARKLEY. I ask that the Presi· Enoch B. Quinn, Dutch Flat, Calif. Office nominations were submitted: dent be immediately notified of all nomi­ became Presidential July 1, 1945. By Mr. GEORGE, from the Committee on nations this day confirmed. Laleah M. Hinson, Keyes, Calif. Office be­ Finance.: · The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without came Presidential July 1~ 1945. F, Shi•·ley Wilcox, of New Albany, Ind., to objection, the President will be immedi­ CONNECTICUT be ·collector of internal revenue for the dis­ ately notified. G. Franklin Cowles, Canton, Conn. Office tr:ct of Indiana, in place of Will H. Smith; · PERSONAL STATEMENT-PALESTINE becam~ Presidential July 1, 1945. a•'d Paul A. Hankins, of Illinois, to be Assist­ Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Presi­ FLOF..!DA ant Commissioner of Internal Revenue, to dent, E..S in legislative session, I desire Hazel V. Webb, Yukon, Fla., in place of R·. G. fill an existing vacancy. • to make a very brief statement. Yester­ Crosby, resigned. By Mr. McKELLAR, from the Committee day a representative of the United Press, IDAHO on Post Offices and Post Roads: ·Mr. Allan Drury, propounded this ques­ Parley B. Rees, Inkom, Idaho. Office be­ Sundry postmasters. .tion to me, and told me that the United came Presidential July 1, 1945 . Lena Butt, Teton, Idaho. Office became The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there Press at New York had asked him to do Presidential July 1, 1945. be no further reports of committees, the so. He asked: _ Andrew C. Miner, Tetor.ia, Idaho. Ofllce clerk will state the nominations on the Would you.favor armed intervention to put became Presidential July 1, 1945. Executive Calendar. .down a revolt in Palestine? . Allen D. Marler, Thornton, Idaho. Office· became Presidential July 1, 1945. UNITED STATES MARITIME COMMIS­ I wculd not take an oath that that is Mary Ritchie, Ucon, Idaho. Office became SION-NOMINATION REPORTED AD­ the exact question he asked me, but I Presidential July 1, 1945. VERSELY AND PREVIOUSLY PASSED would take an oath as to my answer to him. This was my answer: ILLINOIS OVER Everett Dees, Coello, Ill. Offi? e became The legislative clerk read the nomina­ Our plans- Presidential July 1, 1945. Meaning the plans of the United Ross L. Drennan, Dc:wey, Ill., in place of tion of Raymond S. McKeough, .of' Illi­ 'J. M. Jones, resigned. nois, to be a member for a term of 6 States- years from September 26, 1945. our plans for a peaceful world include INDIANA Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, it is Palestine. Frank C. Kaper, Brownsville, Ind. Office became Presidential July _1, 1945 . .necessary that the nomination go over That is as much as I told him, That Calita Job, Quincy, . Ind. Oillce became again. I ask that it may go over. is all I told him. Yet, the United Press Presidential July 1, 1945. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The carries a story today that I favor sending Agnes E. Hall, Stockwell, Ind. 01fice b ecame nomination will be passed over. our boys to Palestine to put down a re- Presidential July 1, 1945. 9412 . CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE QCTOBER 4

Clarence L. Hambright, Tangier, I:qd. Office NEBRASKA · Joseph F. Shaffer, Harmony, Pa., in place became Presidential July 1, 1945. Arthur Albert Coufal, Miller, Nebr. Office of R. B. McQuistion, resigned. Louie Monroe, Underwood, Ind. Office be­ became Presidential July 1, 1945. Ella M. Robinson, Large, Pa. Office beca me came Presidential July 1, 1:945. Catherine A. Conradt, Steinauer, Neb!'-. Of­ Presidential July 1, 1945. Arthur E. Shirley, Walkerton, Ind., in place fice became Presidential July 1, 1945. SOUTH CAROLINA of A. L. Rogers, resigned. Willard N. McClintock, Verdel, Nebr. Office Harvey E. FelkelJ Santee, S. C. Office be­ IOWA became Presidential July 1, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 1945. John C. Traber, Waterloo, Nebr., in place Henry J. Johnson, Kanawha, Iowa, in place TEN~:E SSEE of T. H. Thompson, retired. of W. ~· Campbell, removed. Mary E. Leedy, Bean Station, Tenn. Office Emma .A. Cullin, Percival, Iowa. -Office be­ NEW HAMPSHIRE . came Presidential July 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 1945 . E:sie M., Coughlan, Greenfield, N : H. Office Joseph B. Campbell, Blaine, Tenn. Office KANSAS became Presidential July 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 1945. Minnie E. Steed, Bogue, Kans., in plz.ce of NEW MEXICO WEST VIRGINIA F. R. Bergin, resigned. Ray U. Johnston, Dul:ce, N.Mex. Office be­ Minnie F. Diem, Fort Spring, W.Va. Office William E. Dinkier, Brookville, Kans. Office came Presidential July 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 1943. became Presidential July 1, 1915. Esther E. Weiss, Fort Doqge, Kans., in piace NEW YORK Charles H. Gillilan, Frankford, W. Va. of G. R. Cleveland, resigned. Herbert S. Redner, Arden, N. Y. Office be­ Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. Joseph L. Brown, Great Bend, Kans., in came Presidential July 1, 1945. Earl Edward Bailey, Notomine, W. Va. · place of N. G. Walker, resigned. Harriet Space, Huguenot, N. Y. Offi.ce be­ Office became Presidential July 1, 1£45. James R. Daily, Logan, KaJ:lS., in place of came Presidential July 1, 1945. Cla:'ude J. Anderson, Six, W. Va. Office be- came Presidential July 1, 1945. · V. T. Hill, transferred. Nina H. Davis, ·Meridian, N. Y. O~ce be­ John E. Kennedy, Piedmont, Kans. Office came Presidential July 1, 1945. · Ballard B. Mitcham, Stephenson, W. Va. became Presidential Jtily 1, 1945. Nelson A. Fisher, Poestenkill, N. Y. Office Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. Melvin Rupke, Prairie View, Kans., in became Presidential July 1, 1945. WISCONSIN place of D. A. DeYoung, transferred. Leona M. Giffor d, Sacandaga, N. Y. Office Peter J. Miller, Sherwood, Wis. Office be­ Emil C. Jarus, Wilson, Kans., in place of became Presidential July 1, 1945. · came Presidential July 1, 1945. P. L. Turgeon, resigned. · Daisy H. Evans, Slate Hill, N. Y. Office be­ came Presidential July 1, 1945. KENTUCKY Florence McElroy Simon, Taberg, N. Y. . CONFIRMATIONS Leslie V. Beckham, Sr., Boaz, Ky. Office Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. Executive nominations confirmed by became Presidential July 1, 1944. Lula M. Oliver, Treadwell, N. Y. Office be­ the S2nate October 4 . Arthur C. Witt, Martin, Ohio. Office be­ came Presidential July 1, 1915. Theodore E. Hynson, July 6, 1945. MICHIGAN John F. DeBord, Maud, Ohio. Office be­ Raymond Hofstra, August 1, 1945. Luci!e M. Nichols, Jerome, Mich. omce came Presidential July 1, 1945. Leo W. Koster, August 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 1945. Louis L. Ford, Mesopotamia, Ohio. · Office William F. Powell, August 1, 19~5. Lester L. Laser, P rattville, Mich. Office became Presidential July 1, 1945. Fred W. Thyng, August 1, 1945. be: ame Presidential July 1, 1945. James W. Waddell, Middleport, Ohio, in William B . Wiley, September 1, 1845. Albert H . Anfang, St.,Peter, Minn., in place place of J. H. Smith. Incumbent's commis­ James K. Shafer, August 1, 1945. of .c. D. Dempsey, d eceased. sion expired June 23, 1942. B3nno K. Milmore, June 1, 1945. Ev~rt A. Swensson, June 1, 19 ~ 5. MISSISSIPPI Edna F. Kintner, Paris, Ohio. Office be- .came Presidential July 1, 1945. ' Mayo L. Emol'IY, June 1, 1945 . Jessie A. Parham, Rome, Miss. Office be­ Willard I. Hamilton, Peoria, Ohio. Office Phillip H. Best, September '1, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 194.5. became Presidential July 1, 1945. Edward W. Kunckel, August 1, 1945. Joseph C. Sturgell, July 1, 1945. MISSOURI P.aul McKinley, Rarden, Ohio. Office be­ Belva Maxwell, Belgrade, Mo. Office be­ came Presidential July 1, 1945. To be t emporary senior assist an t sur geons, came Presidential July 1, 1945. Eileen :Martin, Saint Johns, Ohio. Office effective date ind:cated. William B. Jenkins, Couch, Mo. Office be­ became Presidential July 1, 1945. Emory S. Moore, Jr., July 5, 1945. . came President ial July 1, 1945. OKLAHOMA Manrico A. Troncell.iti, July 5, 1945:­ Nina E. St raughan, Leadington, Mo. Of­ Alfred Connelly, Achille, Okla. Office be­ Junius A. Evans, July 6, 1945. fie:! b ecame Presidential July 1, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 1945. Leo P. Krall, July 6, 1945. Hattie B. McKibbin, Lesterville, Mo. Office Oda L. Benn, Dougherty, Oltla. Office be­ Lauis c. Floyd, July 7, 1945. became Fresidential July 1, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 1945. Richard E . Marltley, July 7, 1945. Percy C. Walton, Mineral Point, Mo. Of­ Frances Ausmus, Garvin, Ol~la. Office be­ Arthur L. Koven, July 11, 1945. fice became Presidential -July 1, 1945. came Presidential July 1, 1.9 ~ 5. Cha.rles D. Muller, Jr., July 11 , 1945. Glen F. Watson , Osgood, Mo. Office became William A. Sweeney, Hendrix, Okla.- ' Ol.lice Rebert L. Cannon, July lD, 19'1.5. Presiden tial July 1, 1945. became Presidential July 1, 19 15. Robert J . Bryan, August 1, 1945. Myrtle M. Matthews, Plato, Mo. Office be­ Kennie W. Gassaway, Monroe, Okla. Office Wade E. Etheridge, August 1, 1945. cam~ Presidential July 1, 1945. became Pres!dential July 1, 1945. Vincent G . Peiffer, October 1, 19 ~ 5. Marg::! ret M. Rulo, Richwoods, Mo. Office George F. K amen, September 1/ 19'1. 5. PENNSYLVANIA became PresidE~nt i al July 1, 1945. Richard H. Linn, Septem ber 1, 1945. Ella George, Cassandra, Pa. Office became John H. Pritchett, J r ., September 1, 19:15. MONTANA Presidential July 1, 1945. Griffith E. Quinby, July 1, 1945. Ella Gray, Ashland, Mont. Office became Marion H. Thrasher, Cranesville, Pa. Office William C. Redmon, S ~ptem b er 1, 19:15. Presidential July 1, 1945. became Pr esidential July 1, 1943. Raymond F. Corpe, Sep: ember 1, 103:5. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ·9413 ' ·To be temporary· dental surgeons,· effective Stephen Dwochin, Taylor Springs . . Robert R. Sanders, Pcllok. · · date. indicated Russell L. Akright, Timewell. RobertS. Lee, Poynor. Herbert A. Spencer,-Jr., August 2, 1945. · Ola M. Beal, Walnut Hill. Tommie L. Timmons, Prairie Hill. Charles H. Wright, Jr., August 8, 1945. JQhn A. Leturno, Wheeler. John R. Dunahoo, Ridgeway. Byron C. Lusk, Sidney. To be temp_orary dental· surgeon, effective LOUISIANA Willis C. White, Springlake. August 3, 1945 Cornelius H. Ferguson, Atlanta. B. Maurice Cummins, Taft. Donald L. Truscott Loney N. Davis, Ball. Carl P. Koch, Jr., Von Ormy. Virgie M. Ju~son, Denham Springs. Frank J. Meares, Welch. To be temporary senior assistant dental sur- Florence C. Clarke, Fairbanks. Dannye E. Gilley, Whitehouse. geons, effective date indicated Lucille Smith, Fields. Bertie A. Hart, Winchester. Frederick S. Loe, Jr., August 2, 1945. Margaret M. Watson, Fluker. John C. Heckel, August 3, 1945. Minnie S. Teer, Fordoche. WASHINGTON Eugene H. Hess, August 3, 1945. Alonzo B. Catron, Forest. Walter M.-Hagenstein, Medina. Robert J . Herder, August 4, 1945. Elton J. Champagne, Franklin. Ruby T. Gaston, Orondo. Carl E. Johnson, September 1, 1945. Berta Cobb, Longville. Howard W. McLaughlin, Usk. Arthur J . Lepine, September 1, 1945. Wilfred August Guidry, Mermentau. To be ' temporary senior sanitary engineer, Rex B. Hawthorne, Mira. effective August 1, 1945 Evlyn F. Griffith, South Mansfield. Robert L. Brooks, Swartz. James H. LeVan Mattie B. Gryder, Vienna. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bolden L. Kinchen, Watson. To be temporary sanitary engineers, effective THURSDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1945 August 2, 1945 NORTH CAROLINA Edmund C. Garthe Calvin F. Perry, Sr., Archdale; The House .met at 11 o'clock a. m. Harry G. Hanson DeWitt T. Freeman, Bat Cave. The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Mont­ Richard F. Poston Talmage R. Preston, Belew Creek. gomery, D. D., offered the following To be temp01·ary senior assistant sanitary Maude Miller White, Buxton. prayer: engineers, effective date indicated Sadie B. Roundtree, Corapeake. Ernest C. Anderson, July 31, 1945. Carre N. Boykin, Fairview. 0 Thou who hast lighted life and Rowoe H . Goeke, August 2, 1945. Eugene R. Duvall, Grassy Creek. death, earth and heaven, and art the .Donald L. Snow, July 31, 1945. Anne R. Ewell, Hamilton. lamp of all life, we breathe again Thy Eugenia M. Corbett, Ivanhoe. holy name in prayer. We thank Thee POSTMASTERS Perry T. Roane, Kelford. that Thy arms are as encircling walis ILLINOIS Katie ·c. Wayne, Lake Waccamaw. Harold M. McGrath, Linville. amid the problems and exactions of life. Frederick W. Neal, Alexander. We would trust Thy fatherhood, in whom John W. Martens, Anchor. Ina M. Wilson, Marston. Kathryn· F. Vogel, Andalusia. Robert C. Pearce, Micro. there is all the freshness and richness of Elmer E. Young, Bardolph. Wade W. Bridges, Mooresboro. wisdo:tp and mercy. 0 bathe the very John A. Beshel, Nazareth, Lillian E. Kraut, Batchtown. depths of our souls and make radiant any Samuel B. Wilson, Newell. dark passageways of experience.· This Frank C. Goddard, Belknap. Jodie B. Ragan, Newhill. , Pearl I. O'Brien, Belvidere. . Roger W. Davis, Pendleton. day help us to fulfill the duties of our sta­ Byron A. Knief, Burlington. · Will G. Pitman, Penland. tion, to bear any annoyances or trivial Harry R. Terpening, Cameron. Mamie Pfaff, Pfafftown. irritations, -to give of our best for the Otto H. Vogt, Campbell Hill. Thomas D. Preston, Pine Hall. least, and to love all men. These things Dora Turchi, Cedar Point. Beat~ice C. Richardson, Pleasant Garden. we· would .do, not for the praise of man George L. Weith, Centerville Station; Grace E. Stahl, Pores .Knob. but for the extension of Thy kingdom Mabelle Dailey, Chana. Alice G. Shavender, Ransomville. Mildred E. Halsne, Davis Junction. in human hearts and homes, and for the Eubert P. Rutherford, Rutherford College. sake of our Saviour whom we love. All Thomas H. Peddie, Dawson. . Laura E. Andrew, Sedalia. Hattie A. Robinson, Dix. Howard G. Barnes, Severn. praise and glory be unto Him forever. John F. Gruneisen, Dundas. · Alma 0. Nelms, Stem. Amen. Maude M. Palmer, East Lynn, Ida J. Thorp, Stovall. The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ Elizabeth K. Ware, Ellisville. Philip Y . . Snow, Toast. Harry' E. Millay, Ellsworth. Edmol'ld F. Sherwood, Vilas. terday was read and approved. - Muriel C. Macauley,·Golden Eagle. Clyde H. McClure, Walnut. The SPEAKER. The Chair prefers Margaret E. Hicks, Goldengate. Carlotta W. Flynn, Wananish. not to recognize Members to address the Gwen B. Mundschenk, Graymont,­ Charles D. Ball, Jr., Westfield. Cloyd M. Ostrander, Harmon. House for 1 minute this morning, as the Thelma T. Wheeler, Whitsett. House is anxious to proceed with the Ralph E. Ferrell, Herod. Janie J . . Henry, Winnabow. Otie L. Keen, Keenes'. Stella Phelps, Woodville. consideration of the bill that. it had up Lewis W Langham, Keysport. Florence R. Hanby, Wrightsville Sound. yesterday. Grayce A. Harmon, Lakewood .. Louise M. Gibbs, La Rose. TEXAS ADDITIONAL COPIES OF HEARINGS ON Mary E. Kennedy, Lee. Neil W. Sheridan, Augusta. FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF SMALL BUSI­ Richard L. Peterson, Lynn Center. Lavey L. Bailey; Bradshaw. NESS Ethelyn C. Bushue, Mason. Oma Wall, Broaddus. Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Speaker, from the Grace Dilley, Norris. Cecil D. Foster, Cedar Bayou. Committee on Printing, I report