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Megalara Garuda, a New Genus and Species of Larrine Wasps from Indonesia (Larrinae, Crabronidae, Hymenoptera)

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Megalara Garuda, a New Genus and Species of Larrine Wasps from Indonesia (Larrinae, Crabronidae, Hymenoptera) A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 177: 49–57Megalara (2012) garuda, a new genus and species of larrine wasps from Indonesia... 49 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.177.2475 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Megalara garuda, a new genus and species of larrine wasps from Indonesia (Larrinae, Crabronidae, Hymenoptera) Lynn S. Kimsey1,†, Michael Ohl2,‡ 1 Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA 2 Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut fuer Evolutions und Biodiversitaetsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:ADC91A84-7D87-41E4-A4B3-87BA1041D7DD ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:878259F2-C3C6-4264-B04A-C397E01E5C8E Corresponding author: Lynn S. Kimsey ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Engel | Received 2 December 2011 | Accepted 12 March 2012 | Published 23 March 2012 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6F81EA4F-1FA9-43D2-AFAF-DA4E879750DB Citation: Kimsey LS, Ohl M (2012) Megalara garuda, a new genus and species of larrine wasps from Indonesia (Larrinae, Crabronidae, Hymenoptera). ZooKeys 177: 49–57. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.177.2475 Abstract A new genus and species, Megalara garuda is described from Sulawesi (Indonesia). The new species is one the largest known members of the crabronid subfamily Larrinae. It has a unique suite of putatively apomorphic morphological characters and is most closely related to the genus Paraliris. We found indica- tions of a significant allometric variation in body size and mandibular length and shape in male Megalara, and the presence of acarinaria at least in females of the new genus. Allometric variation and acarinaria have previously been shown to occur in Paraliris, which is another indication for a close relationship of Megalara and Paraliris. Keywords Sulawesi Introduction A survey of the Mekongga Mountains and Papalia west and south of Kendari in south- eastern Sulawesi uncovered a spectacular new genus and species of larrine crabronid. This new species was also independently discovered among unidentified, historical Copyright Lynn S. Kimsey, Michael Ohl. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 50 Lynn S. Kimsey & Michael Ohl / ZooKeys 177: 49–57 (2012) apoid wasps in the Museum fuer naturkunde in Berlin. It appears to be most closely related to the Southeast Asian genera Dalara and Paraliris. Dalara contains two spe- cies, mandibularis (F. X. Williams) from the Philippines and schlegelii (Ritsema) from Sumatra and Paraliris has four currently known species, faceta (Bingham) from India and Burma, kriechbaumeri Kohl from Java, sycorax (F. Smith) and truncatus van der Vecht, both from Borneo. This new species from Sulawesi is among the largest members of the Larrini, with the majority of males greater than 3 cm in length. Only some Liris are as long as 30 mm (Menke in Bohart and Menke 1976). Two male morphs were discovered. One about the size of the females and the other much larger with exaggerated male features, such as the length and tooth development of the mandibles, flattening of the face and prolongation of the gena and vertex. The biology of this new genus is unknown. Materials and methods Mekongga and Papalia specimens were collected in Townes-style Malaise traps. Speci- men images were taken with a Nikon D300 digital camera and assembled using the CombineZM software™. The holotype is deposited in the Museum Zoologicum Bogo- rense, Chibinong, Indonesia. Paratypes are deposited in the Museum fuer Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany, the Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, USA; Museum Zoologicum Bogorense, and the National Museum of Natural History (Naturalis), Leiden, the Netherlands. Megalara Kimsey & Ohl, gen. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8107BDD7-6A10-4658-AD75-2A74646C9D47 http://species-id.net/wiki/Megalara Type species. Megalara garuda Kimsey and Ohl, new species. Generic diagnosis. Megalara is closely related to Liris Fabricius, Larra Fabricius, Dalara, Paraliris, and Dicranorhina Shuckard, which together are classified as Larrina (Pulawski 2011) based on the presence of a horizontal swelling below the midocellus combined with a vertical swelling along the inner eye margin. The new genus is simi- lar to Dalara and Paraliris in having the mandibles bidentate apically or very long, at most with a weak notch on outer margin. Within this group of genera, Megalara can be distinguished by the large body size (25-34 mm; 20-24 mm in Paraliris). A unique character of Megalara is the markedly developed malar space, whereas all other genera in the Larrina have the malar space narrow or virtually absent. Additionally, the pro- podeal dorsum is punctate in Megalara, but finely, transversely striatorugose in Dalara and Paraliris. A subsidiary recognition character is the dark body pubescence, which is markedly developed in females, but indistinct in males (body covered with dense, silvery pubescence in Paraliris, erect pubescence lacking at all in Dalara). Megalara garuda, a new genus and species of larrine wasps from Indonesia... 51 Males of Megalara have a number of complementary diagnostic characters: One of the most remarkable characters is the enormously enlarged male mandibles, which are almost as long as the forelegs. All species of Dalara and some of Paraliris also have elongate mandibles in the males, but shape and dentition are different. In Meg- alara, the mandibular apex is simple and the inner, subbasal tooth is greatly enlarged. In Dalara, the male mandible has one small subapical and one large subbasal tooth, whereas in Paraliris, the mandible is broadly bidentate apically in minor males and lacks subapical and subbasal teeth in major males with elongate mandibles. Other male characters diagnostic for Megalara are the hindfemoral venter, which is longitudinally compressed (evenly, slightly convex in Paraliris, with a hook-like process or prominent bulge toward base in Dalara), metasomal sterna III-IV with paired submedial lobes (simple in Paraliris and Dalara), sternum VIII bilobed apically (truncate in Paraliris, roundly truncate with a small median notch in Dalara), and the penis valve with a longitudinal row of markedly strong teeth on the ventral side (in Paraliris, penis valve with inwards directed apical and medial process, without ventral teeth). Females of Megalara and Paraliris are generally quite similar and can be distin- guished by the larger body size of Megalara, the dark pubescence in Megalara (silvery in Paraliris), and the propodeal dorsum, which is punctate in Megalara and finely, transversely striatorugose in Paraliris. Female Megalara and Dalara can be readily dif- ferentiated by dull or weakly, shining virtually asetose metasomal terga and the signifi- cantly different body sizes. Partial modification of the key to Old World genera of Larrini by Bohart and Menke (1976), replacing couplet 6 6 Metasomal terga dull or weakly shining, impunctate or evenly, sparsely punc- tate. Body without erect pilosity, at most with thin pruinose pubescence. Wings hyaline except for cloudy areas at marginal and costal cells. Clypeus with truncate lobe, which is narrower than outer distance of antennal sock- ets. Male hindfemur with hook-like process or prominent bulge toward base. Body length not exceeding 12 mm..................................... Dalara Ritsema – Metasomal terga shining, lateral portions of at least terga II-V coarsely punc- tatorugose, tergal disks impuncate or sparsely punctate. Body completely or partly covered with erect pilosity. Wings infumate. Clypeus with truncate or broadly emarginate lobe, which is significantly broader than outer distance of antennal sockets. Male hindfemur unmodified or longitudinally compressed below. Body length 17 to 34 mm. ............................................................. 6a 6a Body covered with dense, silvery pubescence. Propodeal dorsum finely, trans- versely striatorugose. Malar space narrow to virtually absent. Mandibular apex broadly bidentate in both sexes, if mandibles unusually long and sickle- shaped (major males), then apex simple and submedial tooth or inner margin lacking. Male: forefemoral venter with long, dense pubescence; hindfemur and sterna simple; apex of sternum VIII truncate; penis valve with inwards 52 Lynn S. Kimsey & Michael Ohl / ZooKeys 177: 49–57 (2012) directed apical and medial process. Male body length 20–24 mm. ................ ..............................................................................................Paraliris Kohl – Body covered with dark pubescence, well-developed in females and indis- tinct in males. Propodeal dorsum punctate, punctures markedly dense along midline. Malar space markedly large, about 1.5–2.0 × inner dis- tance of antennal sockets. Female mandibular apex broadly bidentate, male mandible unusually elongate, apex simple, with large submedial tooth on inner margin. Male: forefemoral venter virtually asetose; hindfemoral ven- ter longitudinally compressed; sterna III–IV with paired submedial lobes; apex of sternum VIII with two large, finger-like processes; penis valve with longitudinal row of strong teeth ventrally. Male body length 25–34 mm ................................................................Megalara Kimsey & Ohl, gen. n. Discussion. Dalara, Paraliris, and Megalara, the newly described genus, share
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